Glossary H

Question 1

characteristic form or manner of growth….

Answer 1

habit

Question 2

an environment suitable for sustaining a population of a given organism….

Answer 2

habitat

Question 3

simple knot used to temporarily attach a line to an object. Also used as a backup in combination with other knots….

Answer 3

half hitch

Question 4

plants that tolerate soils with a high concentration of salts….

Answer 4

halophytes

Question 5

a small, handheld magnifying glass….

Answer 5

hand lens

Question 6

tool used for pruning twigs of less than 1/2 inch (1.27 cm) diameter. Contrast with secateurs. …

Answer 6

hand pruning shears

Question 7

broken or cut branch that is hanging in a tree….

Answer 7

hanger

Question 8

protective hat made of a rigid material that must be worn when climbing and working on trees….

Answer 8

hard hat

Question 9

rope manufactured with tightly wound strands, making it stiffer than standard lay or soft lay ropes….

Answer 9

hard lay rope

Question 10

plant tissue that is acclimated to the cold or a new environment….

Answer 10

hardened off

Question 11

genetically determined ability of a plant to survive low temperatures….

Answer 11

hardiness

Question 12

compacted soil layer nearly impervious to water, air, and roots….

Answer 12

hardpan

Question 13

the constructed inanimate elements of a landscape, such as walls, pathways, and seats made of wood, stone, and/or other materials….

Answer 13

hardscape

Question 14

(1) wood of an angiosperm tree as distinguished from that of a conifer; broadleaf tree. (2) refering to an angiosperm, or broadleaf tree.

Answer 14

hardwood

Question 15

device used to clasp and hold cables….

Answer 15

Haven grip

Question 16

a situation or condition that may result in personal injury, property damage, or disruption of human activities. (1) in tree management, a tree or tree part that has a high liklihood of failure and causing damage or injury. (2) in tree care or forestry operations, the presence of a condition or situation that may cause harm or injury to workers or others.

Answer 16

hazard

Question 17

systematic process of identifying hazards. See risk assessment….

Answer 17

hazard assessment

Question 18

the process of managing, reducing, or eliminating an identified hazard. …

Answer 18

hazard mitigation

Question 19

type of pruning to remove dead, severely decayed, split, or other unsafe branches….

Answer 19

hazard reduction pruning

Question 20

cutting a shoot back to a bud or cutting branches back to buds, stubs, or lateral branches not large enough to assume apical dominance. Cutting an older branch or stem back to a stub in order to meet a structural objective.

Answer 20

heading (heading back)

Question 21

a physiological, regenerative process not known to occur in plants….

Answer 21

healing

Question 22

any of several types of fungal decay of tree heartwood, often beginning with infected wounds in the living portions of wood tissue….

Answer 22

heart rot (aka. heartwood rot)

Question 23

wood that is altered (inward) from sapwood and provides chemical defense against decay-causing organisms and continues to provide structural strength to the trunk. Trees may or may not have heartwood. Contrast with sapwood.

Answer 23

heartwood

Question 24

an urban area that is warmer than its surrounding rural areas due to urban activities and greater heat retention by urban structures and development….

Answer 24

heat island effect

Question 25

ability of a plant to endure high temperatures

Answer 25

heat tolerance

Question 26

tool used to trim hedges....

Answer 26

hedge shears

Question 27

chemical compounds that kill vegetation....

Answer 27

herbicides

Question 28

an animal the feeds primarily on plants....

Answer 28

herbivore

Question 29

lines with voltages greater than a specified amount, typically in excess of 60,000 volts, depending on the utility....

Answer 29

high voltage lines

Question 30

strip of uncut wood fibers created between the face cut or notch and the back cut that helps control direction in tree felling or limb removal. Holding wood.

Answer 30

hinge

Question 31

sequence of cuts used to control the direction of a limb being removed....

Answer 31

hinge cut

Question 32

(1) type of knot made when a rope is secured around an object or its own standing part. Contrast with bend. (2) a mechanical device for connecting a towing vehicle to a trailed or towed vehicle or implement.

Answer 32

hitch

Question 33

section of wood located between the face cut and the back cut that helps direct where the tree will fall. See hinge....

Answer 33

holding wood

Question 34

rope construction consisting of a braided rope with no core....

Answer 34

hollow braid

Question 35

sugary substance secreted by certain insects, including aphids and some scale insects, when feeding on plants....

Answer 35

honeydew

Question 36

layer of soil within the soil profile....

Answer 36

horizon

Question 37

boring, with special machinery, below the surface of the ground without an open trench. Alternative for installation of underground utilities that avoids cutting of tree roots or damage to hardscape or existing utilities. Contrast with radial trenching, trenching, and tunneling.

Answer 37

horizontal boring

Question 38

highly refined petroleum oils that may be applied to plants to smother certain insects and other pests by disrupting their respiration....

Answer 38

horticultural oils

Question 39

art and science of growing, handling, and processing fruits, vegetables, and ornamental plants....

Answer 39

horticulture

Question 40

living organism from which a parasite obtains nutrition....

Answer 40

host

Question 41

in the United Kingdom, the Health and Safety Executive, which is the government agency that deals with health and safety in the workplace....

Answer 41

HSE

Question 42

felling notch that is horizontal on the top and angled on the bottom. Also called Humboldt scarf or reverse scarf. Contrast with conventional notch and open-face notch....

Answer 42

Humboldt notch

Question 43

dark-colored, stable form of organic matter that remains after most of plant or animal residues have decomposed....

Answer 43

humus

Question 44

plant resulting from a cross between two or more other plants that are more or less alike....

Answer 44

hybrid

Question 45

crystalline polymers which absorb water and, if needed, can be added to the soil to increase its water holding capacity....

Answer 45

hydrogels

Question 46

study of the properties, distribution, and effects of water on the earth's surface, underground, and in the atmosphere....

Answer 46

hydrology

Question 47

the physical or chemical property of a molecule or substance that is attracted to water (and may be dissolved in water)....

Answer 47

hydrophylic

Question 48

the physical or chemical property of a molecule or substance that is attracted to water (and may be dissolved in water)....

Answer 48

hydrophilic

Question 49

condition of highly organic soil after it has completely dried and its chemical composition repels water rather than absorbing it....

Answer 49

hydrophobic

Question 50

grouping plants in a landscape according to their water requirements....

Answer 50

hydrozoning

Question 51

retained water that is held too tightly in soil for uptake by plants....

Answer 51

hygroscopic