Glossary Pt 2 Flashcards
(37 cards)
What are polysaccharides?
Polysaccharides include chitin or, in the Oomycota, cellulose. The cell wall usually allows free passage to all small molecules. It is part of the apoplast.
What is cellulose?
Cellulose is a highly insoluble, crystalline polysaccharide [B-(1→4)-D-glucan] of the plant cell wall. It occurs in the form of microfibrils.
What is chitin?
Chitin is a highly insoluble, structural polysaccharide [a B-(1→4)-linked polymer of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine] of many fungal cell walls.
What is a clamp connection?
A clamp connection is a hyphal outgrowth of basidiomycetes associated with dikaryon formation, which makes a connection between the resulting two hyphal compartments during hyphal septation.
What is a coleoptile?
A coleoptile is a sheath enclosing the embryonic leaves in grass and cereal seedlings. Its growth is limited to several centimeters.
What is collenchyma?
Collenchyma is a type of cell found in the outer cortex with unevenly thickened cell walls and often absent intercellular spaces.
What is a colony in mycology?
In mycology, a colony is a mycelium, frequently with reproductive structures (filamentous fungi); a group of cells of the same species living together (yeasts).
What is commensalism?
Commensalism is an intimate association between two organisms where one partner benefits without affecting the other.
What are companion cells?
Companion cells are phloem cells that are nucleated and densely protoplasmic, being ‘companions’ to the sieve tubes.
What is a compatible reaction in plant pathology?
A compatible reaction is the reaction between a susceptible host and a virulent pathogen.
What is a conidiogenous cell?
A conidiogenous cell is one that directly produces conidia.
What is a conidioma?
A conidioma is a multi-hyphal, asexual reproductive organ associated with conidium production.
What is a conidiophore?
A conidiophore is a hypha that bears conidiogenous cells.
What is a conidium?
A conidium is a type of non-motile, asexual spore produced from a conidiogenous cell.
What is cork?
Cork is a tissue formed on the outside of woody stems and roots by a special meristem, the cork cambium. Cork cells soon die but are impregnated with suberin, making them impermeable to water and gases.
What is a corolla?
The corolla is the collective name for all the petals of an individual flower.
What is the cortex?
The cortex is the tissue system between the epidermis and the stele, often mainly of parenchyma but also containing sclerenchyma.
What is a cotyledon?
A cotyledon is a seed leaf, specialised for storage of food material and formed in the embryo before the shoot apex is formed.
What is a cuticle?
A cuticle is a hydrophobic secretion on the outside of the cell wall, especially on the outer (epidermal) surfaces of plants exposed to the air.
What does the prefix ‘D-‘ signify?
The prefix ‘D-‘ designates the chirality at the penultimate carbon atom of a sugar residue. Opposite is ‘L-‘.
What does determinate growth mean?
Determinate growth describes growth that stops at a genetically pre-determined size, typical of leaves and flowers but not roots.
What are dicotyledons?
Dicotyledons (dicots) are one of the two groups into which angiosperms are divided, consisting of plants that have two cotyledons in the embryo.
What is a dikaryon?
A dikaryon is a cell containing two, usually genetically distinct, haploid nuclei.
What does dimorphic mean in fungi?
Dimorphic refers to a fungus able to grow in either a yeast or mycelial form.
