Glossary - Unit 1 Flashcards
(11 cards)
Define colonisation
Colonisation is a process where one country takes direct control of another area, often by setting its own people there, dominating its resources, and imposing its culture and governance
Define colony
A colony is a territory that is controlled and governed by a foreign power
Define imperialism
Imperialism is a state policy by which one country forcefully gains and keeps control of another country or territory, with the intent of dominating the economic, political and social life of the people of that territory. Most often, countries use military means to achieve this aim
Define jingoism
Jingoism refers to a form of extreme patriotism, that can manifest itself through an aggressive or warlike foreign policy
Define new imperialism
New imperialism was developed in the last decades of the 19th century and 20th century. European nations took part in a new scramble for colonies centred on Africa and Asia
Define old imperialism
The period of imperialism from the 15th century to the 18th century. Spain and Portugal were the main imperial powers at this time and the main focus was the Americas. Usually direct control
Define protectorate
Protectorate is a territory that retains authority over most of its internal affairs, while still recognising the suzerainty of a more powerful sovereign state. The protectorate usually accepts specified obligations in exchange for the sovereign state’s protection. (Ex: Egypt from 1882 until 1922)
Define scramble for Africa
The scramble for Africa is a rapid imperial conquest of the huge majority of the African continent by European powers, starting in the 1880s and ending just before World War I
Define social Darwinism
Social Darwinism refers to an application of Darwin’s theory of evolution applied to humanity’s social structures. It makes a parallel between the evolutionary process in natural history and social history. (Later this theory led to the rise of eugenics. Eugenics sought to control and improve the genetic makeup of the human population
Define sphere of influence
The sphere of influence refers to a region when a foreign power has significant control over trade, investments, and sometimes politics, without formally annexing the territory. (Ex: China in the 19th century)
Define “White Man’s Burden”
The concept of the “White Man’s Burden” is the idea that Europeans should spread the benefits of Western civilisation and “civilise” those territories that did not hold Western values
