Glucose Monitoring

Question 1

1. What is the normal range for fasting blood glucose levels?
   A) 60-80 mg/dL
   B) 70-99 mg/dL
   C) 100-120 mg/dL
   D) 130-150 mg/dL

Answer 1

B) 70-99 mg/dL
Rationale: The normal fasting blood glucose range is 70-99 mg/dL.

Question 2

2. Which type of diabetes is characterized by the immune system destroying insulin-producing cells?
   A) Type 1
   B) Type 2
   C) Gestational
   D) Pre-diabetes

Answer 2

A) Type 1
Rationale: Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition where the immune system attacks and destroys insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas.

Question 3

3. What is the main issue in Type 2 diabetes?
   A) Lack of insulin production
   B) Insulin resistance
   C) Excess insulin production
   D) Low blood sugar

Answer 3

B) Insulin resistance
Rationale: In Type 2 diabetes, the body becomes resistant to insulin, leading to inadequate use of insulin and, eventually, reduced secretion.

Question 4

4. A patient has a blood glucose level of 105 mg/dL. How would this be classified?
   A) Normal
   B) Hypoglycemia
   C) Pre-diabetes
   D) Diabetes

Answer 4

C) Pre-diabetes
Rationale: A fasting blood glucose level of 100-125 mg/dL indicates pre-diabetes.

Question 5

5. What is a common symptom of Type 1 diabetes?
   A) Weight gain
   B) Increased thirst and urination
   C) Insulin resistance
   D) Fatigue

Answer 5

B) Increased thirst and urination
Rationale: Excessive thirst and frequent urination are common symptoms due to high blood glucose levels in Type 1 diabetes.

Question 6

6. Which type of diabetes typically develops in childhood or adolescence?
   A) Type 1
   B) Type 2
   C) Gestational
   D) Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY)

Answer 6

A) Type 1
Rationale: Type 1 diabetes often develops in childhood or adolescence but can occur at any age.

Question 7

7. In which type of diabetes is insulin usually required for management?
   A) Type 1
   B) Type 2
   C) Gestational
   D) All types

Answer 7

A) Type 1
Rationale: Individuals with Type 1 diabetes typically require insulin for survival due to the lack of insulin production.

Question 8

8. Which lifestyle factor is most commonly associated with Type 2 diabetes?
   A) Sedentary lifestyle
   B) Excessive exercise
   C) Low carbohydrate intake
   D) High protein diet

Answer 8

A) Sedentary lifestyle
Rationale: A sedentary lifestyle is a significant risk factor for developing Type 2 diabetes due to its link to obesity and insulin resistance.

Question 9

9. What is the role of insulin in the body?
   A) Increases blood sugar levels
   B) Decreases blood sugar levels
   C) Produces energy
   D) Stimulates hunger

Answer 9

B) Decreases blood sugar levels
Rationale: Insulin helps lower blood glucose levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells for energy.

Question 10

10. A patient with Type 2 diabetes is advised to lose weight. What is the primary reason for this recommendation?
    A) To increase insulin production
    B) To reduce insulin resistance
    C) To avoid hypoglycemia
    D) To improve appetite

Answer 10

B) To reduce insulin resistance
Rationale: Weight loss can significantly improve insulin sensitivity and help control blood glucose levels in individuals with Type 2 diabetes.

Question 11

11. What blood glucose level indicates hypoglycemia?
    A) Less than 70 mg/dL
    B) 70-99 mg/dL
    C) 100-125 mg/dL
    D) Greater than 200 mg/dL

Answer 11

A) Less than 70 mg/dL
Rationale: A blood glucose level less than 70 mg/dL is considered hypoglycemic and may require prompt treatment.

Question 12

12. Which of the following is a common complication of unmanaged diabetes?
    A) Increased energy levels
    B) Hypertension
    C) Diabetic neuropathy
    D) Enhanced healing

Answer 12

C) Diabetic neuropathy
Rationale: Diabetic neuropathy is a common complication resulting from prolonged high blood sugar levels damaging nerves.

Question 13

13. How does Type 2 diabetes typically progress?
    A) Immediate onset of symptoms
    B) Slow progression with occasional hyperglycemia
    C) Complete insulin dependence
    D) Rapid weight loss

Answer 13

B) Slow progression with occasional hyperglycemia
Rationale: Type 2 diabetes often develops gradually, with symptoms that may be overlooked initially.

Question 14

14. What is the primary treatment for Type 1 diabetes?
    A) Oral medications
    B) Insulin therapy
    C) Lifestyle modifications
    D) Monitoring blood sugar only

Answer 14

B) Insulin therapy
Rationale: Individuals with Type 1 diabetes require insulin therapy for blood sugar regulation due to the absence of insulin production.

Question 15

15. Which of the following statements is true regarding Type 2 diabetes?
    A) It only affects older adults
    B) It is always insulin-dependent
    C) It can be managed with diet and exercise
    D) It requires daily insulin injections

Answer 15

C) It can be managed with diet and exercise
Rationale: Many individuals with Type 2 diabetes can manage their condition through lifestyle changes, especially in early stages.

Question 16

16. What condition may occur if blood glucose levels remain consistently high?
    A) Hyperglycemic crisis
    B) Hypoglycemia
    C) Insulinoma
    D) Adrenal crisis

Answer 16

A) Hyperglycemic crisis
Rationale: Persistently high blood glucose levels can lead to complications such as hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state or diabetic ketoacidosis.

Question 17

17. A patient with diabetes is experiencing fatigue and increased urination. What could this indicate?
    A) Effective blood sugar control
    B) Low blood sugar
    C) High blood sugar
    D) Insulin resistance

Answer 17

C) High blood sugar
Rationale: Fatigue and increased urination are classic signs of hyperglycemia in individuals with diabetes.

Question 18

18. What is the most common form of diabetes?
    A) Type 1
    B) Type 2
    C) Gestational
    D) MODY

Answer 18

B) Type 2
Rationale: Type 2 diabetes is the most prevalent form of diabetes, affecting millions worldwide.

Question 19

19. Which of the following is a risk factor for developing Type 2 diabetes?
    A) Regular exercise
    B) Low-fat diet
    C) Family history of diabetes
    D) High fiber intake

Answer 19

C) Family history of diabetes
Rationale: A family history of diabetes is a significant risk factor for developing Type 2 diabetes.

Question 20

20. Which lab test is commonly used to diagnose diabetes?
    A) Hemoglobin A1c
    B) Complete blood count
    C) Basic metabolic panel
    D) Thyroid function test

Answer 20

A) Hemoglobin A1c
Rationale: The Hemoglobin A1c test measures average blood glucose levels over the past 2-3 months and is commonly used to diagnose diabetes.

Question 21

1. What is the primary action of Metformin?
   A) Increases insulin production
   B) Decreases hepatic glucose production
   C) Promotes weight gain
   D) Increases glucose absorption

Answer 21

B) Decreases hepatic glucose production
Rationale: Metformin primarily works by reducing glucose production in the liver and improving insulin sensitivity.

Question 22

2. Glipizide belongs to which class of diabetes medications?
   A) Biguanides
   B) Sulfonylureas
   C) Thiazolidinediones
   D) DPP-4 inhibitors

Answer 22

B) Sulfonylureas
Rationale: Glipizide is a sulfonylurea that stimulates insulin secretion from the pancreas.

Question 23

3. Which type of insulin is classified as short-acting?
   A) NPH
   B) Regular
   C) Glargine
   D) Detemir

Answer 23

B) Regular
Rationale: Regular insulin is a short-acting insulin used to control blood glucose levels during meals.

Question 24

4. When is it most appropriate to administer Glipizide?
   A) 30 minutes before a meal
   B) After meals
   C) At bedtime
   D) Anytime during the day

Answer 24

A) 30 minutes before a meal
Rationale: Glipizide should be taken before meals to ensure effective management of postprandial blood glucose levels.

Question 25

5. What is the action of NPH insulin? A) Long-acting B) Rapid-acting C) Intermediate-acting D) Ultra-long acting

Answer 25

C) Intermediate-acting Rationale: NPH insulin is an intermediate-acting insulin that covers insulin needs for a portion of the day.

Question 26

6. How is correctional insulin administered? A) Based on weight B) According to a sliding scale C) At fixed times D) Only at bedtime

Answer 26

B) According to a sliding scale Rationale: Correctional insulin doses are determined based on the patient's current blood glucose levels using a sliding scale.

Question 27

7. What is a common side effect of Metformin? A) Weight gain B) Hypoglycemia C) Gastrointestinal upset D) Fluid retention

Answer 27

C) Gastrointestinal upset Rationale: Gastrointestinal upset, including nausea and diarrhea, is a common side effect of Metformin, especially when initiating therapy.

Question 28

8. When should Regular insulin be administered in relation to meals? A) 1 hour after meals B) 30 minutes before meals C) At bedtime D) Anytime

Answer 28

B) 30 minutes before meals Rationale: Regular insulin should be administered about 30 minutes before meals to effectively manage blood glucose levels during digestion.

Question 29

9. What type of insulin is often used for basal control? A) Regular B) NPH C) Lispro D) Glargine

Answer 29

D) Glargine Rationale: Glargine insulin is a long-acting insulin that provides basal glucose control over 24 hours.

Question 30

10. A patient on Glipizide presents with symptoms of hypoglycemia. What is a common intervention? A) Administer insulin B) Give glucose or sugary snacks C) Increase oral intake of carbohydrates D) Provide protein snacks

Answer 30

B) Give glucose or sugary snacks Rationale: Immediate treatment for hypoglycemia includes administering glucose or sugary snacks to quickly raise blood sugar levels.

Question 31

11. What is the primary indication for using NPH insulin? A) To treat Type 1 diabetes B) For postprandial control C) For overnight coverage D) To manage acute hyperglycemia

Answer 31

C) For overnight coverage Rationale: NPH insulin provides coverage for insulin needs during the night and for longer durations during the day.

Question 32

12. Which medication is most likely to cause hypoglycemia as a side effect? A) Metformin B) Glipizide C) NPH D) Both B and C

Answer 32

D) Both B and C Rationale: Both Glipizide (a sulfonylurea) and NPH insulin can lead to hypoglycemia due to their actions in lowering blood sugar levels.

Question 33

13. What lab value should be monitored regularly in patients taking Metformin? A) Serum potassium B) Liver function tests C) Renal function tests D) Blood glucose levels

Answer 33

C) Renal function tests Rationale: Metformin is contraindicated in patients with impaired renal function, so monitoring kidney function is essential.

Question 34

14. Which insulin type has the fastest onset of action? A) NPH B) Regular C) Lispro D) Glargine

Answer 34

C) Lispro Rationale: Lispro is a rapid-acting insulin with a quick onset, effective for controlling post-meal blood glucose spikes.

Question 35

15. What should be done if a patient misses a dose of Glipizide? A) Double the next dose B) Take it as soon as remembered unless close to the next dose C) Skip it and resume normal schedule D) Take an extra dose later

Answer 35

B) Take it as soon as remembered unless close to the next dose Rationale: If the missed dose is close to the next scheduled dose, skip it; otherwise, take it to maintain glucose control.

Question 36

16. What is the primary reason for administering insulin in a sliding scale? A) To prevent weight gain B) To control variable blood glucose levels C) To increase insulin production D) To reduce side effects

Answer 36

B) To control variable blood glucose levels Rationale: Sliding scale insulin allows for flexible dosing based on current blood glucose readings to manage fluctuations.

Question 37

17. A patient asks about the difference between Regular insulin and NPH insulin. What is the key difference? A) Regular is long-acting; NPH is short-acting B) NPH is a basal insulin; Regular is a bolus insulin C) Regular can only be given IV; NPH cannot D) NPH has a faster onset

Answer 37

B) NPH is a basal insulin; Regular is a bolus insulin Rationale: Regular insulin is used for mealtime coverage (bolus), while NPH is used for basal control throughout the day and night.

Question 38

18. When should a nurse monitor a patient’s blood glucose after administering Regular insulin? A) 1 hour after administration B) 30 minutes before the next meal C) Immediately D) 2 hours after administration

Answer 38

A) 1 hour after administration Rationale: Monitoring blood glucose levels approximately 1 hour after administering Regular insulin helps assess its effect on glucose levels.

Question 39

19. What condition can result from using correctional insulin without regular monitoring? A) Hyperglycemia B) Hypoglycemia C) Ketoacidosis D) Diabetic neuropathy

Answer 39

B) Hypoglycemia Rationale: Failing to monitor blood glucose levels can lead to unintentional hypoglycemia due to excessive correctional insulin administration.

Question 40

20. Which of the following best describes the action of sulfonylureas like Glipizide? A) Increases glucose excretion in urine B) Stimulates insulin release from the pancreas C) Reduces insulin sensitivity D) Inhibits glucose absorption

Answer 40

B) Stimulates insulin release from the pancreas Rationale: Sulfonylureas work by stimulating the pancreas to release more insulin, helping to lower blood glucose levels.

Question 41

1. What are common symptoms of hypoglycemia? A) Confusion and sweating B) Increased thirst C) Fatigue D) Weight gain

Answer 41

A) Confusion and sweating Rationale: Symptoms of hypoglycemia often include confusion, sweating, shakiness, and irritability.

Question 42

2. What is the first step in managing hypoglycemia? A) Administer glucagon B) Provide IV glucose C) Administer quick-acting carbohydrates D) Call a code

Answer 42

C) Administer quick-acting carbohydrates Rationale: The immediate treatment for hypoglycemia involves administering quick-acting carbohydrates to raise blood glucose levels.

Question 43

3. If a patient does not improve after 15 minutes of treatment for hypoglycemia, what should the nurse do next? A) Administer glucagon B) Repeat quick-acting carbs C) Monitor for symptoms D) Notify the healthcare provider

Answer 43

B) Repeat quick-acting carbs Rationale: If there is no improvement after 15 minutes, repeat the administration of quick-acting carbohydrates.

Question 44

4. Which of the following is an example of quick-acting carbohydrates? A) Crackers B) 4-6 oz of regular soda C) Peanut butter D) Whole grain bread

Answer 44

B) 4-6 oz of regular soda Rationale: Regular soda (not diet) provides quick sugar to rapidly increase blood glucose levels.

Question 45

5. After administering quick-acting carbohydrates, when should the nurse reassess the patient? A) Immediately B) After 5 minutes C) After 15 minutes D) After 30 minutes

Answer 45

C) After 15 minutes Rationale: The patient should be reassessed after 15 minutes to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment.

Question 46

6. What should be provided after the initial treatment if the patient is stable? A) More quick-acting carbs B) Longer-acting carbohydrates with protein C) Insulin D) Water

Answer 46

B) Longer-acting carbohydrates with protein Rationale: After stabilization, it is important to provide longer-acting carbohydrates combined with protein to maintain blood glucose levels.

Question 47

7. In severe cases of hypoglycemia, what should the nurse administer? A) Oral glucose gel B) 25-50 mL of 50% glucose IV C) Juice D) Bread

Answer 47

B) 25-50 mL of 50% glucose IV Rationale: In severe hypoglycemia, administering 50% glucose IV or glucagon is necessary for rapid correction.

Question 48

8. What is the recommended dosage for glucagon administration in severe hypoglycemia? A) 0.5 mg B) 1 mg C) 2 mg D) 5 mg

Answer 48

B) 1 mg Rationale: The standard dose of glucagon for treating severe hypoglycemia is 1 mg, given subcutaneously or intramuscularly.

Question 49

9. Which of the following is NOT a symptom of hypoglycemia? A) Shakiness B) Sweating C) Blurred vision D) Excessive thirst

Answer 49

D) Excessive thirst Rationale: Excessive thirst is more commonly associated with hyperglycemia rather than hypoglycemia.

Question 50

10. What should a nurse do if a patient becomes unconscious due to hypoglycemia? A) Administer oral glucose B) Administer glucagon C) Offer food D) Reassess in 15 minutes

Answer 50

B) Administer glucagon Rationale: If a patient is unconscious, glucagon should be administered because oral glucose cannot be given safely.

Question 51

11. If a patient is able to swallow and has hypoglycemia, what is the preferred treatment? A) IV glucose B) Oral carbohydrates C) Insulin injection D) Glucagon

Answer 51

B) Oral carbohydrates Rationale: If the patient can swallow, administering oral carbohydrates is the safest and most effective way to treat hypoglycemia.

Question 52

12. Which of the following would be an appropriate longer-acting carbohydrate to provide after treating hypoglycemia? A) Candy B) Juice C) Crackers with peanut butter D) Soda

Answer 52

C) Crackers with peanut butter Rationale: Crackers with peanut butter provide longer-lasting carbohydrates along with protein to stabilize blood glucose levels.

Question 53

13. What is the potential risk of administering glucagon? A) Hyperglycemia B) Allergic reaction C) Nausea and vomiting D) Insulin resistance

Answer 53

C) Nausea and vomiting Rationale: One potential side effect of glucagon is nausea and vomiting, especially as blood glucose levels begin to rise.

Question 54

14. How often should blood glucose be monitored in a patient with hypoglycemia? A) Every hour B) Every 15 minutes until stable C) Only once D) Every 30 minutes

Answer 54

B) Every 15 minutes until stable Rationale: Blood glucose levels should be monitored every 15 minutes until they stabilize after hypoglycemic treatment.

Question 55

15. If a patient is treated for hypoglycemia but still exhibits symptoms after 15 minutes, what is the best action? A) Wait another 15 minutes B) Call a code C) Administer more quick-acting carbohydrates D) Increase insulin dose

Answer 55

C) Administer more quick-acting carbohydrates Rationale: If symptoms persist, more quick-acting carbohydrates should be given while continuing to monitor the patient.

Question 56

16. What should the nurse educate the patient to carry for emergency hypoglycemia treatment? A) Insulin B) Snacks C) Glucagon kit D) Water

Answer 56

C) Glucagon kit Rationale: Patients at risk for severe hypoglycemia should carry a glucagon kit to use in emergencies when they are unable to self-treat.

Question 57

17. Which of the following is an important nursing consideration when treating hypoglycemia? A) Administering food regardless of the patient's condition B) Monitoring for hyperglycemia C) Checking the patient's ability to swallow D) Only focusing on symptoms

Answer 57

C) Checking the patient's ability to swallow Rationale: Assessing the patient’s ability to swallow is crucial before administering oral carbohydrates to prevent choking.

Question 58

18. After treatment for hypoglycemia, how can the nurse help the patient prevent future episodes? A) Educate about insulin use B) Advise skipping meals C) Encourage increased physical activity D) Provide dietary education on carbohydrate intake

Answer 58

D) Provide dietary education on carbohydrate intake Rationale: Educating patients about carbohydrate intake and meal planning can help prevent future hypoglycemic episodes.

Question 59

19. What should the nurse do if the patient with hypoglycemia has a blood glucose reading of 55 mg/dL? A) Administer insulin B) Provide 15 grams of carbohydrates C) Monitor for symptoms only D) Offer a meal

Answer 59

B) Provide 15 grams of carbohydrates Rationale: At a blood glucose level of 55 mg/dL, the patient should receive quick-acting carbohydrates to raise blood glucose.

Question 60

20. What is a possible long-term complication of frequent hypoglycemic episodes? A) Hyperglycemia B) Diabetic ketoacidosis C) Hypoglycemia unawareness D) Diabetic neuropathy

Answer 60

C) Hypoglycemia unawareness Rationale: Frequent hypoglycemic episodes can lead to hypoglycemia unawareness, where patients may no longer recognize symptoms of low blood sugar.

Question 61

1. What are the classic symptoms of hyperglycemia? A) Headache, dizziness, fatigue B) Polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia C) Nausea and vomiting D) Sweating and tremors

Answer 61

B) Polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia Rationale: The three P's—excessive thirst (polydipsia), frequent urination (polyuria), and increased hunger (polyphagia)—are classic signs of hyperglycemia.

Question 62

2. Which complication is a serious concern in patients with severe hyperglycemia? A) Hypoglycemia B) Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) C) Peripheral neuropathy D) Retinopathy

Answer 62

B) Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) Rationale: DKA is a potentially life-threatening condition that can occur with severe hyperglycemia, particularly in Type 1 diabetes.

Question 63

3. What sign is often associated with diabetic ketoacidosis? A) Fruity breath B) Shakiness C) Cold sweats D) Blurred vision

Answer 63

A) Fruity breath Rationale: Fruity breath odor is characteristic of DKA due to the presence of acetone from fat breakdown.

Question 64

4. What initial assessment should be performed in a patient suspected of having DKA? A) Blood glucose level B) Urinalysis C) Serum electrolytes D) Mental status exam

Answer 64

A) Blood glucose level Rationale: The first step in assessing DKA is checking the blood glucose level, as this helps confirm hyperglycemia.

Question 65

5. Which laboratory finding is commonly seen in DKA? A) Low blood glucose B) Elevated ketones C) Normal bicarbonate levels D) Elevated insulin levels

Answer 65

B) Elevated ketones Rationale: DKA is characterized by the presence of elevated ketones in the blood due to fat breakdown.

Question 66

6. If a patient presents with nausea and vomiting along with hyperglycemia, what should the nurse suspect? A) Hyperglycemia alone B) DKA C) Simple dehydration D) Insulin overdose

Answer 66

B) DKA Rationale: Nausea and vomiting are common symptoms of DKA and indicate a serious metabolic disturbance.

Question 67

7. What is the priority nursing intervention for a patient in DKA? A) Administer oral glucose B) Initiate IV fluid replacement C) Monitor vital signs D) Provide a meal

Answer 67

B) Initiate IV fluid replacement Rationale: The priority in DKA management is to rehydrate the patient with IV fluids to correct dehydration and electrolyte imbalances.

Question 68

8. How should a nurse document symptoms of hyperglycemia? A) As "insufficient intake" B) As "patient refused treatment" C) Include the 3 P's in notes D) Only document lab results

Answer 68

C) Include the 3 P's in notes Rationale: Documenting the classic symptoms of hyperglycemia (the 3 P's) provides essential information about the patient's condition.

Question 69

9. What is an important dietary consideration for managing hyperglycemia? A) High-fat meals B) Low-carbohydrate diets C) Skipping meals D) Increased protein intake

Answer 69

B) Low-carbohydrate diets Rationale: A diet low in simple carbohydrates can help manage blood glucose levels effectively.

Question 70

10. Which of the following indicates a potential emergency in a patient with hyperglycemia? A) Increased thirst B) Blood glucose > 250 mg/dL with confusion C) Frequent urination D) Elevated energy levels

Answer 70

B) Blood glucose > 250 mg/dL with confusion Rationale: A significantly high blood glucose level coupled with confusion indicates a serious condition like DKA.

Question 71

11. In managing hyperglycemia, what is the role of insulin? A) To increase blood glucose levels B) To decrease urine output C) To facilitate cellular glucose uptake D) To stimulate appetite

Answer 71

C) To facilitate cellular glucose uptake Rationale: Insulin helps cells take in glucose from the bloodstream, reducing blood sugar levels.

Question 72

12. A patient with hyperglycemia has a blood glucose level of 350 mg/dL. What is the most appropriate action? A) Administer insulin as prescribed B) Encourage fluids only C) Document and monitor D) Provide high-sugar snacks

Answer 72

A) Administer insulin as prescribed Rationale: High blood glucose levels require prompt insulin administration to prevent complications.

Question 73

13. What should a nurse do if a patient with hyperglycemia develops fruity breath? A) Monitor the patient B) Provide oral fluids C) Notify the healthcare provider D) Administer glucagon

Answer 73

C) Notify the healthcare provider Rationale: Fruity breath is a sign of potential DKA, necessitating immediate notification of the healthcare provider for further evaluation.

Question 74

14. Which of the following interventions helps to prevent hyperglycemia in hospitalized patients? A) Encouraging high-calorie diets B) Regular blood glucose monitoring C) Avoiding insulin administration D) Increasing stress levels

Answer 74

B) Regular blood glucose monitoring Rationale: Regular monitoring helps catch rising blood glucose levels early, allowing for timely intervention.

Question 75

15. What is the significance of the "3 P's" in a hyperglycemic patient? A) Indicate need for insulin B) Reflect dehydration status C) Signify metabolic acidosis D) Suggest potential infection

Answer 75

A) Indicate need for insulin Rationale: The presence of the 3 P's typically indicates that the patient may require insulin to manage hyperglycemia effectively.

Question 76

16. Which electrolyte is particularly important to monitor in a patient with DKA? A) Sodium B) Potassium C) Calcium D) Chloride

Answer 76

B) Potassium Rationale: Potassium levels can become dangerously low or high during DKA treatment due to shifts in fluid and electrolytes, requiring close monitoring.

Question 77

17. What is a potential complication of untreated hyperglycemia? A) Hypoglycemia B) Diabetic ketoacidosis C) Stroke D) Hypertension

Answer 77

B) Diabetic ketoacidosis Rationale: Untreated hyperglycemia can lead to DKA, a serious complication that requires urgent medical intervention.

Question 78

18. How does the body typically respond to hyperglycemia? A) By conserving water B) By increasing insulin production C) By promoting ketone production D) By increasing urination

Answer 78

D) By increasing urination Rationale: The body attempts to excrete excess glucose through urine, leading to increased urination (polyuria).

Question 79

19. What should a nurse educate a patient with hyperglycemia about lifestyle changes? A) Decrease physical activity B) Increase carbohydrate intake C) Maintain a balanced diet and regular exercise D) Avoid all sugars

Answer 79

C) Maintain a balanced diet and regular exercise Rationale: A balanced diet and regular physical activity are key components in managing blood glucose levels effectively.

Question 80

20. What is the best way to prevent hyperglycemic episodes in diabetic patients? A) Regular insulin injections B) Monitoring blood glucose regularly C) Skipping meals D) Reducing fluid intake

Answer 80

B) Monitoring blood glucose regularly Rationale: Regular monitoring allows for timely adjustments in diet, activity, and medication, helping to prevent hyperglycemic episodes.

Question 81

1. What is the primary method used for blood glucose monitoring in most patients? A) Venipuncture B) Capillary action using a glucometer C) Continuous glucose monitoring D) Urine tests

Answer 81

B) Capillary action using a glucometer Rationale: The glucometer is the most common device used for capillary blood glucose monitoring.

Question 82

2. Before performing a blood glucose test, what should the nurse verify? A) Patient's last meal B) Patient's identity and orders C) Insulin dosage D) Patient's weight

Answer 82

B) Patient's identity and orders Rationale: It's essential to verify the patient's identity and ensure the test is ordered correctly before performing any procedure.

Question 83

3. Which of the following is a pre-testing consideration for blood glucose monitoring? A) Only checking fasting patients B) Assessing for bleeding disorders C) Using the same site each time D) Avoiding patient education

Answer 83

B) Assessing for bleeding disorders Rationale: Assessing for conditions like bleeding disorders is important to ensure patient safety during the procedure.

Question 84

4. Where is the least painful site for capillary blood glucose testing? A) Palms B) Tips of fingers C) Sides of fingers D) Heels

Answer 84

C) Sides of fingers Rationale: The sides of the fingers are less sensitive and often recommended for capillary blood glucose sampling to minimize discomfort.

Question 85

5. What should the nurse assess regarding the skin before blood glucose monitoring? A) Color B) Integrity C) Temperature D) Moisture level

Answer 85

B) Integrity Rationale: Assessing skin integrity is crucial to prevent infection and ensure accurate results when performing the test.

Question 86

6. What is a common action taken before puncturing the skin for a glucose test? A) Apply a tourniquet B) Clean the site with alcohol C) Warm the site D) Use a larger lancet

Answer 86

B) Clean the site with alcohol Rationale: Cleaning the site with alcohol helps reduce the risk of infection and contamination before testing.

Question 87

7. What is the typical capillary blood volume required for a blood glucose test? A) 5 mL B) 0.5-1 mL C) 0.2-0.5 mL D) 2 mL

Answer 87

C) 0.2-0.5 mL Rationale: Most glucometers require only a small volume of blood, usually between 0.2-0.5 mL, for accurate measurement.

Question 88

8. What should a nurse do if a glucometer reading is unusually high? A) Document and monitor B) Repeat the test C) Administer insulin immediately D) Ignore it

Answer 88

B) Repeat the test Rationale: A high reading should be confirmed with a repeat test to ensure accuracy before taking further action.

Question 89

9. How often should blood glucose monitoring occur in patients with diabetes? A) Once a day B) As prescribed by the healthcare provider C) Only when feeling unwell D) Once a week

Answer 89

B) As prescribed by the healthcare provider Rationale: The frequency of blood glucose monitoring should be tailored to the individual patient's needs and healthcare provider's orders.

Question 90

10. What is the appropriate action if the site for blood glucose testing is swollen or inflamed? A) Proceed with the test B) Change the site C) Apply pressure D) Use a larger lancet

Answer 90

B) Change the site Rationale: If the site is swollen or inflamed, it should be avoided to prevent inaccurate readings and further irritation.

Question 91

11. Which type of patients might require special considerations before blood glucose monitoring? A) Patients with hypertension B) Patients with allergies C) Patients with bleeding disorders D) Patients on a diet

Answer 91

C) Patients with bleeding disorders Rationale: Patients with bleeding disorders may require special precautions to ensure their safety during the procedure.

Question 92

12. What should the nurse educate the patient about regarding blood glucose monitoring? A) It is not necessary for Type 2 diabetes B) It can be done without any preparation C) Proper technique is important for accurate results D) Only testing after meals is sufficient

Answer 92

C) Proper technique is important for accurate results Rationale: Educating the patient on the importance of proper technique is crucial for obtaining reliable results.

Question 93

13. What is the purpose of using a glucometer for blood glucose monitoring? A) To determine insulin resistance B) To provide real-time glucose levels C) To diagnose diabetes D) To monitor blood pressure

Answer 93

B) To provide real-time glucose levels Rationale: A glucometer is used to provide immediate feedback on blood glucose levels, essential for managing diabetes.

Question 94

14. What action should the nurse take if a patient refuses blood glucose monitoring? A) Force the patient B) Document refusal and reason C) Ignore it D) Contact the physician immediately

Answer 94

B) Document refusal and reason Rationale: Documenting the patient’s refusal and the reason helps ensure proper communication in the patient's care.

Question 95

15. What should a nurse do if a patient's blood glucose level is lower than expected? A) Wait and reassess B) Administer insulin C) Provide a snack D) Increase exercise

Answer 95

C) Provide a snack Rationale: If the blood glucose is lower than expected, the patient should be given a snack or glucose to raise their levels.

Question 96

16. In which situation should a nurse avoid using a fingerstick for blood glucose testing? A) Fasting patient B) Patient with severe dehydration C) Patient with cold hands D) Patient with hand tremors

Answer 96

B) Patient with severe dehydration Rationale: Severe dehydration can lead to poor circulation, making fingersticks difficult and less reliable.

Question 97

17. What is a common site to avoid for blood glucose testing? A) Thumb B) Middle finger C) Ring finger D) Pinky finger

Answer 97

A) Thumb Rationale: The thumb is often avoided due to its thicker skin and increased sensitivity, making it less ideal for testing.

Question 98

18. How can a nurse help reduce discomfort for a patient during blood glucose testing? A) Use a larger lancet B) Warm the hand before puncturing C) Press hard on the site D) Use the same site repeatedly

Answer 98

B) Warm the hand before puncturing Rationale: Warming the hand can increase blood flow and make the puncture less painful.

Question 99

19. What documentation is required after blood glucose monitoring? A) Only the glucose level B) Patient's diet C) Any adverse reactions D) Glucose level, time, and site used

Answer 99

D) Glucose level, time, and site used Rationale: Proper documentation includes the glucose level, the time of the test, and the site used for accurate medical records.

Question 100

20. Which of the following statements about blood glucose monitoring is true? A) It is only necessary for Type 1 diabetes B) It can replace regular lab tests C) It provides immediate feedback D) It is optional for all patients

Answer 100

C) It provides immediate feedback Rationale: Blood glucose monitoring provides real-time feedback, which is essential for immediate management decisions in diabetes care.

Question 101

1. What is the first step in the blood glucose monitoring procedure? A) Prepare the glucometer B) Explain the procedure to the patient C) Clean the site D) Pierce the skin

Answer 101

B) Explain the procedure to the patient Rationale: Ensuring the patient understands the procedure is crucial for informed consent and cooperation.

Question 102

2. What should the nurse confirm with the patient before selecting a stick site? A) The patient's insurance information B) The patient's food preferences C) The patient's preference for the stick site D) The patient's exercise routine

Answer 102

C) The patient's preference for the stick site Rationale: Discussing the preferred site helps increase patient comfort and cooperation.

Question 103

3. Which supplies are necessary for blood glucose monitoring? A) Syringe, insulin, and alcohol wipes B) Glucometer, strips, alcohol swab, gloves C) Bandages, gauze, and tape D) Only the glucometer

Answer 103

B) Glucometer, strips, alcohol swab, gloves Rationale: These supplies are essential for conducting accurate and safe blood glucose monitoring.

Question 104

4. What is the purpose of hand hygiene before blood glucose testing? A) To warm the hands B) To prevent infection C) To dry the hands D) To eliminate odor

Answer 104

B) To prevent infection Rationale: Hand hygiene is vital to reduce the risk of infection for both the patient and the healthcare provider.

Question 105

5. What should be done to the puncture site before testing? A) Apply a tourniquet B) Clean and prepare the site C) Warm the site with a heating pad D) Rub the area vigorously

Answer 105

B) Clean and prepare the site Rationale: Cleaning the site with an alcohol swab minimizes the risk of infection and ensures accurate results.

Question 106

6. Why should the first drop of blood be wiped away during glucose testing? A) It contains contaminants B) It provides an inaccurate reading C) It is painful D) It is unnecessary

Answer 106

B) It provides an inaccurate reading Rationale: The first drop can contain interstitial fluid and may not provide a true glucose reading; wiping it ensures accuracy.

Question 107

7. What action should be taken after piercing the skin with a lancet? A) Apply pressure immediately B) Wait for the blood to flow C) Wipe the first drop and use the second drop D) Use the first drop for testing

Answer 107

C) Wipe the first drop and use the second drop Rationale: The second drop is more likely to give an accurate reading, as the first drop may be contaminated.

Question 108

8. What is the appropriate method to cover the puncture site after testing? A) Use a bandage B) Leave it uncovered C) Apply pressure with a cotton ball D) Apply antiseptic cream

Answer 108

A) Use a bandage Rationale: Covering the site helps protect it from infection and further irritation after the blood draw.

Question 109

9. What is the last step in the blood glucose monitoring procedure? A) Document results B) Dispose of used supplies C) Clean the glucometer D) Educate the patient

Answer 109

A) Document results Rationale: Documenting the results is crucial for tracking the patient's glucose levels and ensuring proper medical records.

Question 110

10. What should a nurse do if the glucometer does not turn on? A) Change the batteries B) Use a different glucometer C) Call for assistance D) Wait for it to turn on

Answer 110

B) Use a different glucometer Rationale: If the glucometer is not functioning, using a different one is the best course of action to ensure the test can be performed.

Question 111

11. When should the nurse wear gloves during the blood glucose monitoring procedure? A) Only if the patient requests it B) Always when handling blood and equipment C) Only after puncturing the skin D) Only if there are visible fluids

Answer 111

B) Always when handling blood and equipment Rationale: Gloves should be worn to protect both the nurse and the patient from infection and contamination.

Question 112

12. What should a nurse do if the blood glucose reading is abnormally low? A) Recheck the blood glucose B) Administer insulin C) Provide glucose immediately D) Document and wait

Answer 112

C) Provide glucose immediately Rationale: If the reading is low, the patient needs immediate intervention with glucose to prevent hypoglycemia.

Question 113

13. What is a common error that can occur during blood glucose monitoring? A) Using the correct puncture site B) Not wiping the first drop of blood C) Using a clean lancet D) Documenting results

Answer 113

B) Not wiping the first drop of blood Rationale: Failing to wipe the first drop can lead to inaccurate readings due to the potential presence of interstitial fluid.

Question 114

14. What should be done with used lancets after blood glucose testing? A) Reuse them if cleaned B) Dispose of them in a sharps container C) Throw them in the trash D) Soak them in disinfectant

Answer 114

B) Dispose of them in a sharps container Rationale: Used lancets must be disposed of in a sharps container to prevent injury and contamination.

Question 115

15. How should the nurse explain the blood glucose monitoring procedure to the patient? A) It is a quick and painless procedure B) It requires no preparation C) It is a lengthy process D) It is optional for them

Answer 115

A) It is a quick and painless procedure Rationale: Providing a positive perspective about the procedure helps alleviate patient anxiety and encourages cooperation.

Question 116

16. Why is it important to document the results of blood glucose monitoring? A) To track trends over time B) It is not necessary C) To inform other patients D) To fill out paperwork

Answer 116

A) To track trends over time Rationale: Documentation helps healthcare providers monitor the patient's condition and make informed decisions about their care.

Question 117

17. Which of the following is a potential complication of improper blood glucose monitoring technique? A) Accurate readings B) Infection C) Minimal discomfort D) Quick results

Answer 117

B) Infection Rationale: Improper technique, such as not cleaning the site, can lead to infection at the puncture site.

Question 118

18. How can the nurse help the patient feel more comfortable during the procedure? A) Use a larger lancet B) Explain each step C) Perform the procedure quickly without talking D) Avoid eye contact

Answer 118

B) Explain each step Rationale: Clear communication can help reduce anxiety and discomfort for the patient during the procedure.

Question 119

19. What is the significance of handwashing for both the patient and nurse before testing? A) To cool the skin B) To remove any contaminants C) To warm the hands D) To prevent discomfort

Answer 119

B) To remove any contaminants Rationale: Handwashing is essential to remove contaminants and prevent the risk of infection during the testing process.

Question 120

20. What should the nurse do if the glucometer produces an error message? A) Ignore it B) Restart the glucometer C) Consult the manual or troubleshoot D) Immediately test again

Answer 120

C) Consult the manual or troubleshoot Rationale: Addressing an error message by consulting the manual or troubleshooting ensures the device is functioning correctly before use.

Question 121

1. What is the primary purpose of evaluating blood glucose results? A) To impress the provider B) To assess against target ranges C) To find an excuse for a snack D) To decide on a dessert

Answer 121

B) To assess against target ranges Rationale: Evaluating results helps ensure they fall within the target ranges for effective diabetes management.

Question 122

2. If a patient's blood glucose level is significantly higher than the target range, what should the nurse do? A) Document and call it a day B) Ignore it C) Notify the healthcare provider D) Throw a party

Answer 122

C) Notify the healthcare provider Rationale: Extreme values require prompt communication with the healthcare provider to address potential complications.

Question 123

3. What is essential to document after blood glucose monitoring? A) Only the high values B) Weather conditions C) Findings and any interventions taken D) The patient's favorite food

Answer 123

C) Findings and any interventions taken Rationale: Comprehensive documentation ensures continuity of care and helps inform future decisions regarding the patient's treatment.

Question 124

4. When should a nurse reassess a patient’s blood glucose after documenting results? A) Only if the patient requests it B) After every meal C) If the results are extreme D) Never, it’s done!

Answer 124

C) If the results are extreme Rationale: If results are significantly out of range, reassessment is necessary to ensure the patient's safety and proper management.

Question 125

5. Which of the following actions is appropriate when documenting abnormal blood glucose levels? A) Use vague terms B) Make a joke C) Provide a clear description and any patient symptoms D) Scribble it and move on

Answer 125

C) Provide a clear description and any patient symptoms Rationale: Detailed documentation allows for better understanding and management of the patient’s condition.

Question 126

6. What is the importance of comparing blood glucose results to target ranges? A) To find out who is the best at monitoring B) To determine the effectiveness of treatment C) To decide on lunch D) To impress the doctor

Answer 126

B) To determine the effectiveness of treatment Rationale: Comparing results to target ranges helps assess how well the treatment plan is working for the patient.

Question 127

7. How should a nurse handle documentation when a patient's blood glucose level fluctuates widely? A) Document only the highs B) Ignore it C) Record all fluctuations and notify the provider D) Complain to colleagues

Answer 127

C) Record all fluctuations and notify the provider Rationale: Accurate documentation of fluctuations is crucial for understanding the patient's condition and guiding treatment.

Question 128

8. What is an appropriate follow-up action after documenting an extreme blood glucose value? A) Wait a week to see what happens B) Notify the healthcare provider immediately C) Laugh it off D) Change the subject

Answer 128

B) Notify the healthcare provider immediately Rationale: Immediate notification is essential for prompt intervention and management of potential complications.

Question 129

9. Why is it important for nurses to assess blood glucose results against established target ranges? A) To avoid awkward conversations B) To make informed care decisions C) To create spreadsheets D) To win bets

Answer 129

B) To make informed care decisions Rationale: Assessing results against target ranges allows for appropriate adjustments to the patient’s care plan based on their needs.

Question 130

10. What should a nurse do if a blood glucose reading is borderline normal? A) Document and forget about it B) Call the patient a “glucose genius” C) Monitor trends over time and document findings D) Immediately change medications

Answer 130

C) Monitor trends over time and document findings Rationale: Continuous monitoring helps identify patterns, enabling proactive adjustments in the patient's management.

Question 131

1. What nursing diagnosis might be appropriate for a patient with diabetes who lacks knowledge about management? A) Risk for Infection B) Risk for Unstable Blood Glucose Level C) Impaired Skin Integrity D) Acute Pain

Answer 131

B) Risk for Unstable Blood Glucose Level Rationale: This diagnosis addresses the patient’s knowledge deficit, which can lead to unstable glucose levels.

Question 132

2. What is a key intervention for a patient with the diagnosis of "Risk for Unstable Blood Glucose Level"? A) Schedule frequent meals B) Monitor glucose levels before meals C) Increase physical activity D) Administer insulin

Answer 132

B) Monitor glucose levels before meals Rationale: Monitoring glucose levels helps identify fluctuations and manage the patient’s condition effectively.

Question 133

3. Which patient education topic is essential for managing blood glucose levels? A) Importance of exercise only B) Recognizing symptoms of hypo/hyperglycemia C) Dietary restrictions only D) Medication types only

Answer 133

B) Recognizing symptoms of hypo/hyperglycemia Rationale: Educating patients on recognizing symptoms helps them respond quickly to changes in their glucose levels.

Question 134

4. What is a common factor that can lead to inaccurate blood glucose readings? A) Proper storage of strips B) Using a fresh sample C) Outdated/damaged strips D) Clean puncture site

Answer 134

C) Outdated/damaged strips Rationale: Using outdated or damaged strips can lead to incorrect glucose readings, impacting patient management.

Question 135

5. How does insufficient sample size affect blood glucose monitoring? A) It causes pain B) It may result in a false reading C) It speeds up the process D) It is unnecessary

Answer 135

B) It may result in a false reading Rationale: An insufficient sample size can lead to inaccurate results, affecting treatment decisions.

Question 136

6. What should a nurse reinforce when educating a patient on self-monitoring techniques? A) Avoiding all carbohydrates B) Testing blood glucose at the same time every day C) Only testing when feeling ill D) Ignoring the results if they are high

Answer 136

B) Testing blood glucose at the same time every day Rationale: Consistency in testing helps in accurately monitoring and managing blood glucose levels over time.

Question 137

7. What action should be taken if a nurse notices handling errors with blood glucose strips? A) Ignore it B) Educate the patient on proper handling C) Replace the strips only D) Document the error

Answer 137

B) Educate the patient on proper handling Rationale: Education on proper handling is essential to ensure accurate testing and prevent future errors.

Question 138

8. Which of the following could indicate a need for a nursing diagnosis of "Risk for Unstable Blood Glucose Level"? A) Patient reports regular glucose monitoring B) Patient has a detailed meal plan C) Patient demonstrates confusion about diabetes management D) Patient exercises regularly

Answer 138

C) Patient demonstrates confusion about diabetes management Rationale: Confusion indicates a lack of understanding, which can lead to unstable blood glucose levels.

Question 139

9. Why is it important to educate patients on proper storage of glucose strips? A) To reduce costs B) To ensure accurate readings C) To minimize discomfort D) To avoid extra trips to the pharmacy

Answer 139

B) To ensure accurate readings Rationale: Proper storage prevents damage to the strips and ensures they function correctly, leading to accurate results.

Question 140

10. What should be done if a patient frequently reports high blood glucose levels? A) Increase the patient's exercise routine B) Review the patient’s monitoring technique and education C) Change the medication regimen without consulting the provider D) Document only

Answer 140

B) Review the patient’s monitoring technique and education Rationale: Assessing education and technique can help identify gaps that may be causing high glucose levels.

Question 141

11. What is one major risk of relying solely on outdated glucose strips for monitoring? A) Increased patient comfort B) Decreased frequency of testing C) Risk of mismanagement of diabetes D) Improved patient satisfaction

Answer 141

C) Risk of mismanagement of diabetes Rationale: Outdated strips can lead to inaccurate results, resulting in inappropriate treatment decisions and mismanagement of the condition.

Question 142

12. How can a nurse assess if a patient understands self-monitoring of blood glucose? A) By asking if they have a glucometer B) By having the patient demonstrate the technique C) By discussing their medication only D) By observing their diet

Answer 142

B) By having the patient demonstrate the technique Rationale: Demonstration allows the nurse to assess the patient’s understanding and skill in self-monitoring.

Question 143

13. What effect can improper site preparation have on blood glucose testing? A) It can enhance comfort B) It can lead to increased accuracy C) It can cause infection D) It can affect the readings

Answer 143

D) It can affect the readings Rationale: Improper site preparation can lead to contamination and inaccurate readings, impacting diabetes management.

Question 144

14. What intervention is crucial for patients to recognize symptoms of hypo/hyperglycemia? A) Providing them with written materials only B) Instructing them to call the nurse for every symptom C) Teaching them to respond appropriately to symptoms D) Ignoring their symptoms

Answer 144

C) Teaching them to respond appropriately to symptoms Rationale: Empowering patients with knowledge allows them to manage their symptoms effectively and seek help when needed.

Question 145

15. If a patient is consistently unable to provide an adequate blood sample, what is a recommended intervention? A) Ignore the issue B) Teach the patient about alternative puncture sites C) Only test during hospitalization D) Use the same site repeatedly

Answer 145

B) Teach the patient about alternative puncture sites Rationale: Educating about different sites can help improve sample adequacy and comfort during testing.