gluteal/pelvis book

Question 1

what makes up the acetabulum? how much of a portion per part?
which bone is the strongest?

Answer 1

(2/5)bodies of the ilium, (2/5)ischium and lateral projection of superior ramus of pubis (1/5)

ischium strongest

Question 2

what is the external surface of wing also known as? what are the 3 lines and their features and muscles attachments

Answer 2

dorsum ilii, anterior gluteal line-longest, postrior gluteal line-shortest, inferior gluteal line- least distinct

gluteus max takes origin posterior to posterior gluteal line

med: anterior and posterior gluteal line
glut min: anterior and inferior gluteal line

reflected head of rectus femoris attaches below the inferior gluteal line and above margin of acetabulum

Question 3

what muscles attach external surface of the wing of the ilium

Answer 3

3 gluteal muscles and rectus femoris

Question 4

what is the internal surface also known as?

Answer 4

iliac fossa

Question 5

what attaches to the external lip and internal lip of the iliac crest

Answer 5

external lip: fascia lata, tensor fasciae latae

internal lip: iliac fascia , iliacus

Question 6

where does the sacoiliac joint articulate

Answer 6

auricular surface

Question 7

what structures attach to ASIS

Answer 7

iliacus muscle, INGUINAL ligament, sartorius, tensor fasciae latae

Question 8

what structures are attached to the AIIS

Answer 8

iliofemoral ligament, straight head of rectus femoris, portion of iliacus

Question 9

greater sciatic notch is a feature of what? where does it begin and end?

Answer 9

ilium and ischium

begins at the posterior inferior iliac spine
inferiorly: notch ends at ischial spine

Question 10

what separates the greater and lesser sciatic notch

Answer 10

ischial spine

Question 11

what are the two parts of of the ischial tuberosity? what attaches to each part?

what other structures attach to ischial tuberosity

Answer 11

quadrilateral part:
above the oblique line: semimebranosus
below: long head of biceps femoris and semitendinosus

triangular region: adductor magnus and sacrotuberous ligament

ischial tubersoity: quadratus femoris and inferior gemellus muscles

Question 12

what is the nonarticular portion of the acetabulum called? which portion is the articular portion?

Answer 12

acetabular fossa

lunate surface=articular surface

Question 13

what separates the body and the ala of the ilium

Answer 13

margin of acetabulum externally
arcuate line (internally)

Question 14

what is the fusion site between pubis and ilium called

Answer 14

iliopectineal eminence

Question 15

what is the muscular attachment at the body of the pubis

Answer 15

Gracilis, adductor longus, adductor brevis

Question 16

what are the 5 secondary ossification centers in the pubic bone

Answer 16

pubic symphysis 
ASIS
iliac crest
ischial tuberosity 
inferior portion of acetabulum

Question 17

what attaches to the lower portion of the lateral sacral surfaces

Answer 17

gluteus max, sacrospinus and sacrotuberous ligament

Question 18

how many vertebrae make the sacrum vs coccyx

Answer 18

sacrum: 5
coccyx: 4

Question 19

what allows for the cavity of acetabulum to further deepen?

Answer 19

acetabular labrum–fibrocartilaginous ring that attaches to the margin of bony acetabulum

Question 20

what is located inferiorly in the lunate surface?

Answer 20

lunate surface is incomplete with an acetabular notch which is continuous with nonarticular acetaular fossa.

Question 21

for forms a foramen through the acetabular notch to allow blood vessels and nerves to enter fossa to supply hip joint

Answer 21

transverse acetabular ligament

Question 22

what is the rough depression center called? what is attached here

Answer 22

fovea capitis femoris where the ligamentum capitis femoris attaches

Question 23

what part of the articular capsule is thicker? why?

Answer 23

superior and anterior areas because it needs greater resistance

Question 24

part of capsule fibers run circularly around neck of femur forming what

Answer 24

zona orbicularis

Question 25

upper part of capsule is strengthened by what ligaments? what do these ligaments help prevent?

Answer 25

ilifemoral, pubofemoral, and ischiofemoral ligaments these ligaments prevent internal rotation and hyper extension

Question 26

which pelvic ligament is the strongest, widest, and longest?attachment? which ligament is not as well developed? which is triangular shaped? which ligament has fibers in a spiral course? which ones are found anteriorly vs posterriorly?

Answer 26

``` iliofemoral ligament (ANTERIOR) ilium immediately below AIIS to greater trochanter and itertrochanteric line ``` pubofemoral ligament: not well developed (Anterior to iligemoral ligament) ischiofemoral ligament: triangular, spiralled (posterior)

Question 27

what structures complete the circle closing surrounding head of femur?

Answer 27

acetabular labrum and transverse acetabular ligament

Question 28

ligamentum capitis femoris attachments

Answer 28

fovea capitis femoris-->separates into 3 bands--> 2 lateral bands fixed to margin of acetabular notch and medial band blends with transverse acetabular ligament

Question 29

what ligament helps deepen the cavity of acetabulum and protect the edges of aceabulum

Answer 29

acetabular labrum

Question 30

what forms to help hold the head head of the femur in the acetabulum

Answer 30

transverse acetabular ligament blends with acetabular labrum to form a complete circle closely surrounding head of femur

Question 31

what nerve supply to hip joint

Answer 31

femoral, obturator, accessory obturator, and inferior gluteal nerve

Question 32

blood supply to the hip joint

Answer 32

medial and lateral femoral circumflex superior and inferior gluteal obturator

Question 33

at what levels of the sacrum does the sacroiliac joint articulate? what surfaces are the joint formed

Answer 33

1st 3 sacral vertebrae. joint formed between auricular surface of sacrum

Question 34

what ligaments strengthen the sacroiliac joint

Answer 34

anterior sacroiliac, posterior sacroiliac, interosseous sacroiliac

Question 35

which part of the acetabulum is non-articular vs articular

Answer 35

acetabular fossa: non | lunate: articualr

Question 36

where is the attachment site for dorsal sacroiliac ligaments

Answer 36

iliac tuberosity

Question 37

what attached to the ischial spine

Answer 37

superior gemelli and sacrospinalis ligament

Question 38

what is the only on muscle that attaches to the superior ramus

Answer 38

pectineus

Question 39

what are the muscles that attach to the inferior pubic ramus

Answer 39

gracilis, adductor brevis, adductor magnus, obturator externus

Question 40

how many and what are the surfaces of sacrum

Answer 40

4 surafces: 2 lateral, anterior, posterior

Question 41

what attaches to the lower portion of lateral sacral surface?

Answer 41

gluteus max, sacrospinus, sacrotuberous ligaments

Question 42

what do the ala of the sacrum support? what part of the ala represent what processes?

Answer 42

psoas major, and lumbosacral trunk Anterior 3/4: ala represent the costal process posterior 1/4: transverse process

Question 43

which pelvic hip bone has no ramus? 1? 2?

Answer 43

ilium: no ramus pubis: two ramus ischium: 1 ramus

Question 44

what attaches to the ischial ramus?

Answer 44

external: adductor magnus and obturator externus internal: obturator internus

Question 45

what attaches at the body of pubis

Answer 45

Gracillis, adductor longus and brevis

Question 46

what attaches to the superior ramus of pectin pubis?

Answer 46

pectineus

Question 47

what attaches to the inferior pubic ramus?

Answer 47

gracilis, adductor brevis, adductor magnus and obturator externus

Question 48

which muscle takes the origin from 1st-4th sacral segment?

Answer 48

piriformis

Question 49

the nonarticulating surface of the acetabulum is formed primarily by what bone?

Answer 49

ischium

Question 50

what type of joint is the sacroiliac joint?

Answer 50

synoivial joint

Question 51

wake mes up the lumbar plexus, sacral plexus

Answer 51

ventral primary ramus of T12, L1-3, and part of L4 sacral: par of L4, all of L5-S3, and part of S4.

Question 52

which nerve is divided between two plexus? what is it called

Answer 52

L4, nervus furcalis

Question 53

how does obturator nerve vs accessory obturator N/ leave the pelvis?

Answer 53

obturator n goes through obturator canal | Accessory obtruator nerve: pass over superiorpubic ramus rather obturator foramen

Question 54

what does sacral plexus lie medial to? where does it leave? except for which branch?

Answer 54

lies medial to piriformis muscle; converge toward the greater sciatic foramen; all nerves enter plexus except S4

Question 55

what does the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve innervate? what are its branches and what do they supply

Answer 55

skin of gluteal region, posterior thigh, perineum and upper leg inferior cluneal nerve: lateral portion of gluteus maximus

Question 56

where does the obturator artery branch off of

Answer 56

internal iliac artery

Question 57

what branch of the obturator artery supplies the femoral head

Answer 57

foveolar branch of obturator artery

Question 58

where does the superior and inferior gluteal veins drain into

Answer 58

internal iliac vein