Glutes and hip joint

Question 1

What is the intergluteal crest?

Answer 1

Buttcrack

Question 2

What 2 ligaments form the greater sciatic foramen and lesser sciatic foramen

Answer 2

Sacrotuberous L. and sacrospinous L.

Question 3

What is the origin and insertion for the sacrotuberous L.?

Answer 3

O: Anterior sacrum
I: Ischial tuberosity

Question 4

What is the origin and insertion for the sacrospinous L.?

Answer 4

O: Anterior sacrum
I: Ischial spine

Question 5

What exits the greater sciatic foramen?

Answer 5

Gluteal neurovascular bundle, piriformis m., sciatic nerve, posterior femoral cutaneous nerve, pudendal nerve and internal pudendal A., obturator internus/superior gemellus nerve

Question 6

What enters the lesser sciatic foramen?

Answer 6

pudendal nerve and internal pudendal A., obturator internus/superior gemellus nerve

Question 7

What exits the lesser sciatic foramen?

Answer 7

Obturator internus

Question 8

What are the cutaneous nerves of the gluteal region?

Answer 8

Cluneal nerves - superior (L1-L3), middle (S1-S3)

Gluteal branches of posterior femoral cutaneous nerve (anterior rami)

Question 9

What are the deep nerves of the gluteal region?

Answer 9

Sacral plexus branches (leave via greater sciatic foramen)

Question 10

What does the superior gluteal nerve supply?

Answer 10

Gluteus medius, Gluteus minimus, Tenor fascia lata m.

Question 11

Where does the superior gluteal nerve exit?

Answer 11

Superior to the piriformis m.

Question 12

What does the inferior gluteal nerve supply?

Answer 12

Gluteus maximus

Question 13

Where does the inferior gluteal nerve exit?

Answer 13

Inferior to the piriformis m.

Question 14

Describe the largest nerve in the body

Answer 14

Sciatic nerve (L4-S3), eventually splits into tibial and common fibular nerve
Does NOT innervate any gluteal region structures
Exits inferior to piriformis m.

Question 15

What are the main arteries in the gluteal region?

Answer 15

Superior and inferior gluteal arteries, pudendal artery (most medial, supplies genitalia)

Question 16

Where does the superior gluteal artery exit?

Answer 16

Superior to the piriformis m. with the superior gluteal nerve

Question 17

Where does the inferior gluteal artery exit?

Answer 17

Inferior to the piriformis m. with the inferior gluteal nerve

Question 18

What does the superior gluteal artery supply?

Answer 18

Largest!

Gluteus maximus, medius, minimus, tenor fascia lata m.

Question 19

What does the inferior gluteal artery supply?

Answer 19

Gluteus maximus, small lateral rotators, and superior hamstrings

Question 20

What participates in the cruciate anastomosis?

Answer 20

Inferior gluteal artery, medial circumflex femoral artery, transverse branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery, and the perforating arteries

Question 21

Where should intragluteal injections be given?

Answer 21

Supero-lateral to avoid sciatic and other nerves

Question 22

Gluteus maximus origin, insertion, action and innervation

Answer 22

O: Ilium, posterior sacrum and coccyx, sacrotuberous L.
I: Gluteal tuberosity, lateral tibial condyle via iliotibial band
A: Extend and laterally rotate thigh
Innervation: Inferior gluteal nerve

Question 23

Gluteus medius origin, insertion, action and innervation

Answer 23

O: Ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines
I: Lateral side of greater trochanter
A: Abduct and medially rotate thigh
Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve

Question 24

Gluteus minimus origin, insertion, action and innervation

Answer 24

O: Ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines
I: Anterior side of greater trochanter
A: Abduct and medially rotate thigh
Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve

Question 25

What is injured in pts with gluteal gait/duchennes limp?

Answer 25

Superior gluteal nerve -- impaired gluteus medius and minimus

Question 26

Symptoms of gluteal gait?

Answer 26

Pelvis leans towards swing side; body leans toward affected side

Question 27

Tensor fascia lata origin, insertion, action and innervation

Answer 27

O: ASIS, Iliac crest I: IT band Action: Abduct and medially rotate thigh, extend leg Innervation: superior gluteal nerve

Question 28

Iliotibial tract

Answer 28

IT band; O: Iliac tubercle I: Gerdy's tubercle on lateral tibial condyle - Tensor fascia lata and gluteus maximus fibers strengthen

Question 29

Functions of IT band

Answer 29

Laterally support knee, slow down thigh adduction, extend leg and laterally pull patella - stretch to treat chondromalacia patella

Question 30

Piriformis origin, insertion, action and innervation

Answer 30

O: Anterior sacrum and sacrotuberous L. I: Superior trochanter A: Laterally rotate extended thigh, abduct flexed thigh and stabilize femoral head Innervation: nerve to piriformis

Question 31

Obturator internus origin, insertion, action and innervation

Answer 31

O: Obturator membrane I: Greater trochanter A: Laterally rotate extended thigh, abduct flexed thigh, stabilize femoral head Innervation: obturator nerve

Question 32

Superior gemmelus origin and innervation

Answer 32

O: Ischial spine Innervation: Obturator nerve

Question 33

Inferior gemmelus origin and innervation

Answer 33

O: Ischial tuberosity Innervation: Nerve to quadratus femoris

Question 34

Insertion and action of gemmeli

Answer 34

I: Medial aspect of greater trochanter Action: laterally rotate extended thigh, abduct flexed thigh, stabilize femoral head

Question 35

Obturator externus origin, insertion, action and innervation

Answer 35

O: Margin of obturator membrane I: Trochanteric fossa A: laterally rotate extended thigh and stabilize femoral head Innervation: obturator nerve

Question 36

Quadratus femoris origin, insertion, action and innervation

Answer 36

O: lateral ischial tuberosity I: Quadrate tubercle on intertrochanteric crest A: Laterally rotate extended thigh and stabilize femoral head Innervation: obturator nerve

Question 37

What type of joint is the hip joint?

Answer 37

Diarthrotic ball and socket synovial -- all ranges of motion pretty much

Question 38

The rim of acetabulum is incomplete inferiorly, what covers it?

Answer 38

Transverse acetabular L.

Question 39

What is the non-articular surface inside the acetabulum?

Answer 39

Acetabular fossa

Question 40

What does the acetabular labrum do?

Answer 40

Increases the depth of the acetabulum for the femoral head

Question 41

A pt feels a pinching sensation when they bring their knee to chest. No inflammation can be seen and their pain seems to radiate. What is torn?

Answer 41

Acetabular labrum

Question 42

Name the 3 ligaments of the hip joint

Answer 42

Ischiofemoral, pubofemoral, iliofemoral

Question 43

What is the main job of the hip joint ligaments?

Answer 43

Prevent overextension and over abduction

Question 44

What will a person's leg look like if they have a hip fracture

Answer 44

Leg will be shortened and laterally rotated

Question 45

What will a person's leg look like if they have a hip dislocation

Answer 45

Leg will be of normal length and medially rotated