Tissue Epithelia

Question 1

What is the function of epithelial tissue?

Answer 1

Physical protection, permeability, secretion and sensation

Question 2

Epithelial tissue characteristics

Answer 2

Cellularity, polarity, avascular, regeneration, attachment and innervation

Question 3

What does epithelial tissue rest on?

Answer 3

Basement membrane (thin extracellular sheet)

Question 4

Epithelium that is primarily involved in secretion?

Answer 4

Arranged into glands

Question 5

What surface of the epithelial is free?

Answer 5

Apical; opposite of the basement membrane

Question 6

Describe a tight junction

Answer 6

IMPERMEABLE, cells function as a barrier

Encircle cells at most apical surface

Question 7

2 types of bacteria that impairs tight junctions and increases permeability

Answer 7

Bacteria with food poisoning binds in intestines = loss of tissue fluid
Helicobacter Pylori binds in stomach = gastric ulcers

Question 8

Describe a gap/communicating junction

Answer 8

Fluid filled channels that allow cell to cell communication

Question 9

3 types of anchoring junctions

Answer 9

Adherens, desosomes, hemidesosomes

Question 10

Adherens

Answer 10

Lateral adhesion; cadherin:actin interactions

Question 11

Desosomes

Answer 11

Lateral adhesion; cadherin:intermediate filament interactions

Question 12

Hemidesosomes

Answer 12

Basal adhesion; integrin:intermediate filament interactions

Question 13

Describe the action of pemphigus vulgaris

Answer 13

Impaired desosome function; reduces cell to cell adhesion and results in oral mucosa blisters

Question 14

Function of apical microvilli

Answer 14

Absorption; made of an actin core

Found in intestines

Question 15

Apical stereocilia

Answer 15

Abnormally long microvilli; made of actin core

Found in epididymis and hair cells of inner ear

Question 16

Apical cilia

Answer 16

Long and motile; made of microtubules

Propel substance across tissue, work as sense, have role in L/R axis determination

Question 17

Simple squamous function

Answer 17

Exchange, barrier, lubrication

Question 18

2 types of simple squamous

Answer 18

Endothelium (lining of blood and lymphatic vessels) and mesothelium (lining serous membranes; pericardium, pleura, peritoneum)

Question 19

Simple cuboidal function

Answer 19

Absorption, barrier, secretion

Question 20

Simple columnar function

Answer 20

Absorption, secretiton

Question 21

Simple columnar nucleus shape

Answer 21

Either circle or egg shaped, can orient more towards basal surface

Question 22

Pseudostratified columnar ciliated

Answer 22

Falsely stratified; located in the airways for debris movement, absorption, secretion;
Has goblet (mucus secreting) cells

Question 23

Urothelium – psuedostratified

Answer 23

ONLY in urinary system (bladder, ureters, urethra)

Has a distensible property – cells extend when bladder is empty and contract/widen when bladder is full

Question 24

Nonkeratinized stratified squamous

Answer 24

Barrier and protection - located in many openings such as oral cavity, anus, vagina, urethra, cornea

Question 25

Keratinized stratified squamous

Answer 25

Barrier and protection - has wispy things -- located in epidermis of skin

Question 26

Stratified cuboidal-columnar

Answer 26

Function as passageways; located in sweat glands, ducts, ovarian follicles, salivary glands

Question 27

Unicellular glands

Answer 27

Single, secretory cells amongst non-secreting cells | Goblet cell- mucus secreting cell in intestines and airways

Question 28

Exocrine glands

Answer 28

Secrete products into ducts; secretory cells grouped as acinus

Question 29

Parenchyma definition

Answer 29

Functional tissue

Question 30

Stroma

Answer 30

Connective tissue support

Question 31

Endocrine glands

Answer 31

Secrete products directly into the blood

Question 32

Apocrine glands

Answer 32

Exocrine; release apical portion of cell; mammary glands

Question 33

Holocrine glands

Answer 33

Exocrine; secretion builds up inside cell which causes apoptosis -- all cell contents/debris is released

Question 34

Merocrine glands

Answer 34

Exocrine; secretion released via membrane bound vesicles that will undergo exocytosis; salivary glands