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Biochemistry > Glycolosis > Flashcards

Glycolosis Flashcards

1
Q

Catabolic pathways include

A

Glycogenolysis
Glycolysis

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2
Q

Anabolic pathways include

A

Gluconeaogensis
Glycogenesis

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3
Q

Conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA occurs in

A

Mitochondria

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4
Q

Sucrose is a_______composing of________ and________

A

Disaccharide; glucose; fructose

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5
Q

During chewing, the enzyme_______ acts on
dietary starch breaking some α1→ 4 bonds

A

salivary alpha-amylase

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6
Q

The enzyme which breaks glycogen to maltose is

A

Amylase

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7
Q

The enzyme that breaks maltose to glucose is

A

Maltase

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8
Q

Glucose and galactose pass through the membrane easily. T/F

A

False

They need to hitch a ride on a sodium dependent hexose transporter

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9
Q

Fructose hitches a a ride on another hexose transporter and doesn’t require a sodium. T/F

A

True

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10
Q

Glucose and galactose hitch a ride on the______transporter

A

SGLT1

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11
Q

Exit from the cell for all sugars is via the

A

GLUT2

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12
Q

Which family of carriers are used to carry glucose to and from blood

A

GLUT

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13
Q

GLUT4 is________dependent

A

Insulin

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14
Q

Insulin stimulates the transport of________into muscle and adipose cells

A

GLUT4

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15
Q

Glucose is phosphorylated by_______to form glucose 6 phosphate

A

ATP

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16
Q

Which enzyme catalyze the phosphorylation of glucose to glucose 6-phosphate

A

Hexokinase

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17
Q

Which enzyme catalyzes the reaction of fructose 6-phosphate to fructose1,6-bisphosphate

A

Phosphofructokinase 1

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18
Q

The difference between hexokinase and glucokinase is that

A

Glucokinase mostly acts on the liver and beta cells of the pancreas while hexokinase acts on most other tissues

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19
Q

Inhibitors of phosphofructokinase are

A

ATP and citrate

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20
Q

Activators of phosphofructokinase-1 are

A

AMP, ADP, and fructose 2,6-bisphosphate

21
Q

The enzyme _______catalyzes the reaction converting fructose-6-phosphate to fructose 2,6-biphosphate

A

Phosphofructokinase -2 (PFK2)

22
Q

PFK2 is a bi functional enzyme. It’s activities include:

A

Kinase activity
Phosphotase activity

23
Q

1,3 Bisphosphoglycerate is converted to 3-phosphoglycerate via the enzyme

A

Phospho glycerate kinase

24
Q

Phosphoglycerate kinase is an irreversible reaction since it involves the use of ATP. T/F

A

False

This is the only step in glycolysis which involves ATP but is reversible

25
Q

The rate limiting step in glycolysis is

A

Phosphofructokinase 1

26
Q

When arsenate replaces phosphate in the step involving 1,3 biphosphoglycerate to 3-phosphoglycerate, how much ATP is made

A

None

27
Q

Pyruvate kinase is activated by

A

Fructose 1,6 biphosphate

28
Q

Pyruvate kinase is inhibited by

A

Alanine

And

Phosporylation in the liver during fasting

29
Q

Pyruvate kinase is activated when phosphorolated. T/F

A

False,

Phosphorylation makes pyruvate kinase less active. The dephosphorylation of pyruvate kinase is what makes it active

30
Q

Pyruvate may be converted to which amino acid

A

Alanine

31
Q

In aerobic glycolysis, pyruvate is oxidized to

A

Acetyl CoA

32
Q

In the lactic acid cycle, lactate is moved to the_________and produces_________ using 6 ATP

A

Liver; glucose

33
Q

In lactic acidosis, the_________ratio greatly increases which back up glycolysis

A

NADH/NAD+

34
Q

The sugar in table sugar and fruit is which sugar

A

Sucrose

35
Q

Fructose is mainly metabolized in the_______where it is converted into________or under fasting conditions_________

A

Liver; pyruvtate; glucose

36
Q

The metabolism of fructose converts fructose into

A

Glycolytic intermediates

37
Q

In Fructose metabolism, fructose is phosphorylated to fructose 1-phosphate by

A

ATP

38
Q

In fructose metabolism, the enzyme associated with transferring phosphate from ATP to create fructose 1-phosphate is

A

Fructokinase

39
Q

Fructose 1 phosphate is cleaved by________ to form dihydroxyacetone (DHAP)

A

Aldolase B

40
Q

dihydroxyacetone (DHAP) is phosphorolated by_______to form glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

A

ATP

41
Q

Fructose can be synthesized to glucose via the

A

Polyol pathway

42
Q

In the polyol pathway, glucose is reduced to_________ via aldose reductase which is then re-oxidized to _________

A

Sorbitol; fructose

43
Q

What happens Aldolase B is deficient

A

Low levels in glucose
Fructose accumulation
Uric acid build up
Lactic acid build up
Fructose cannot be metabolized

44
Q

Galactose is converted to galactose 1-phosphate via

A

Galacto kinase

45
Q

Galactose 1- phosphate reacts with_________ and forms glucose 1- phosphate and_______

A

UDP-glucose; UDP galactose

46
Q

The enzyme associated with converting galactose 1-phosphate to to glucose 1 -phosphate is

A

Galactose 1-phosphate uridylyltransferase

47
Q

UDP-galactose reacts with glucose in the _________to produce the milk sugar lactose

A

Lactating mammary gland

48
Q

ATP is produced in glycolysis during the reactions catalyzed by these 2 enzymes

A

Pyruvate kinase
Phosphoglycerate kinase

Biochemistry (11 decks)

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