Cell Signalling Flashcards
Hydrophilic signalling is done by signal molecules binding to receptors on the
Cells surface
Hydrophobic signalling is done by signal molecules binding to the receptor by
Diffusing through the membrane
Contact signalling occurs through membrane bound proteins such as
Integrins. And gap junctions
Paracrine signalling is when a cell releases a chemical signal that effects
Nearby cells
Autocrine signalling occurs similarly to _______except the chemical signal released effects
Paracrine; itself
Endocrine signalling occurs when the signal that is released must________ to reach its desired cell
Travels long distance
Synaptic signalling occurs when the chemical signal travels_______ to affect electrical signalling in adjacent cells
Short distances
(Axons)
Specific Ligands only act on specific cells. T/F
False
A specific ligand can act on multiple cells for multiple different functions
A common ligand with multiple receptors with different functions is
Acetylcholine
Transmembrane receptor mechanisms include
G protein coupled receptors
Enzyme coupled receptors
Ion channel coupled receptors
Intracellular receptors
Intracellular receptors refer to receptors located on the
Nucleus
Intracellular receptors receive ligands through what signalling
Hydrophobic
Agonists cause a conformational change on the receptor resulting in the ______of the receptor
Activation
Antagonist bind the receptor and are synonymous to
Competitive Inhibitors blocking the active site and preventing activation
Inverse agonists bind the receptor and
Stabilizes the inactive state, can reduce the the activity
Intracellular receptors bind to
Hydrophobic ligands
Intracellular receptors are also called
Nuclear hormone the family
OR
steroid hormone family
Intracellular receptors are primarily________which modifies gene transcription
Transcription factors
Hormone receptor ligands are made from
Cholesterol
Class I nuclear receptors exist in the________which are pre bound to_______. Once binded, the receptor is dimerized and them translocated to the_______
Cytosol; HSP90; nucleus
Class II nuclear receptors pre exist already bound to______. Ligand binding the causes the release of______ and ______ proteins
DNA; Co-repressors; co-activator
The difference between class I and Class II nuclear receptors is that
Class I receptors must bind to the ligand first and THEN translocate to DNA
class II receptors already exist on the DNA and simply await the ligand for binding
Nuclear hormones are typically
Hydrophobic
G proteins are composed of how many units? What are they?
3 units
Alpha, beta, and gamma units
