GN

Question 1

The most common cause of chronic kidney injury.

Answer 1

glomerular disease

Question 2

Should always be considered in the differential diagnosis when the urinary protein excretion is elevated or the urine sediment reveals RBCs.

Answer 2

glomerular disease

Question 3

pathognomonic for glomerular disease.

Answer 3

Proteinuria (>3.5 g/d) or RBC casts in the urine sediment

Question 4

Whats the definitive diagnosis of glomerular disease

Answer 4

renal biopsy

Question 5

whats the type of collagen in the glomerular basement membrane

Answer 5

type 4

Question 6

mutations in a345

Answer 6

alport syndrome

Question 7

antibodies to NC1 domain of a3

Answer 7

goodpastures

Question 8

GBM is

Answer 8

300nm

Question 9

state the two immune mechanisms by which pathogenesis of glomerular disorders takes place

Answer 9

t cell i.e. MCD , antigen antibody dependent pathways

Question 10

name two circulating immune complezes that get trapped in the glomeruli

Answer 10

sle, POSTSTREPTOCOCCAL

Question 11

what are the systemic complications of nephron loss (4)

Answer 11

hyperlipidemia, hyperphosphatermia, systemic hypertension, hyperparathryoidism

Question 12

name the adaptive changes that happen in remanant nephrons due to nephron loss

Answer 12

glomerular hypertension, proteinuria

Question 13

name the 5 places where injury to the glomerulus could occur

Answer 13

visceral and parietal epi, mesangial , basement membrance, endothelium

Question 14

injury to the endothelium manifests as ________________, give an example

Answer 14

hypercellularity i.e. acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis

Question 15

acummulation of extracellular matrix manifests as injru to the _________________example__________

Answer 15

mesangium, diabetic nephropathy

Question 16

give an example where thinning of the basement membrane with lamellation occurs

Answer 16

alport syndrome

Question 17

thekening of the GBM

Answer 17

diabetic nephropathy

Question 18

proliferation with crescent formation

Answer 18

parietal epithelium

Question 19

detachment of podocytes igive an example

Answer 19

focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

Question 20

foot process effacement

Answer 20

minimal change disease

Question 21

moderate edema is in nephritic or nephrotic syndrome

Answer 21

nephritic

Question 22

hematurica, oliguria, azotemia are all characteritstics of

Answer 22

nephritic syndrome

Question 23

moderate proteiunuria is in nephritic or nephrotic s

Answer 23

nephritic

Question 24

hypercoagulability, lipiduria, hyperlipidemia, hypoalbuminemia are characteristics off

Answer 24

nephrotic syndrome

Question 25

rapidly progressive renal failure with heamaturia w/ RBCs casts

Answer 25

RAPIDLY Progressive glomerulonephritis

Question 26

what is the primary nephrotic syndrome that is the most in children 70%

Answer 26

minimal change disease

Question 27

what is the primary nephrotic syndrome that is the most in adults 35%

Answer 27

focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

Question 28

what is the primary nephrotic syndrome that presents as 30% in adults

Answer 28

membranous nephropathy

Question 29

T or F, minimal change disease prognosis is bad

Answer 29

false, its excellent

Question 30

state secondary causes of minimal change disease

Answer 30

NSAIDs, Hodgkins disease, viral

Question 31

focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is more prevalent among

Answer 31

african americans and hispanics

Question 32

how many cases of FSGsclerosis progress to ESRD

Answer 32

>50%

Question 33

mutations involving vairous slit diaphragm proteins is a hereditary form of

Answer 33

FSGS

Question 34

rule of third applies to which nephropathy?

Answer 34

membranous nephropathy

Question 35

gold and penicillamine can ppt which type of nephropathy?

Answer 35

membranous nephropathy

Question 36

HBV and HCV, syphilis, schistosomiasis, and malaria can ppt which type of glomerular disease

Answer 36

membranous nephropathy

Question 37

state the five causes of membranous nephropathy

Answer 37

drugs, infections, carcionma, autoimmune disorders, idiopathic

Question 38

state another name for membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis

Answer 38

mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis

Question 39

what is often almost always seen by analysing serum of mambranoproliferativenephritis

Answer 39

hypocomplementemia

Question 40

membranousproliferative glomeruloneprhitis is associated odten with

Answer 40

HCV

Question 41

which disease is both nephritic and nephrotic

Answer 41

membranoproliferative glomerulonephtitis

Question 42

whats the leading cause of ESRD in many countries

Answer 42

diabetic nephropathy

Question 43

what happens in the early stages of diabetic neprhopathy

Answer 43

hyperfileration and microalbuminuria

Question 44

STRUCTURAL CHANGES (Increasing glomerular basement membrane thickening and mesangial expansion), which part of diabtic neprhopathy

Answer 44

preclinical (5y)

Question 45

Hyperfiltration, microalbuminuria, rising blood pressure, which stage of diabetic nephropathy

Answer 45

incipent (15y)

Question 46

before overt nepphropthay what appears in the urine?

Answer 46

proteinuria onset (20y)

Question 47

Rising Scr, Decreasing GFR | , which part of diabetic nephropathy

Answer 47

oveert (10y)

Question 48

whats beyond overt nerphpathy

Answer 48

end stage renal disease (30y)

Question 49

multisystem involvement with poor prognosis

Answer 49

amyloidosis

Question 50

male: female of SLE

Answer 50

1:10

Question 51

Low C3 & positive Ab to ASO & DNAse B

Answer 51

ACUTE PROLIFERATIVE GLOMERULONEPRHITIS

Question 52

THE MOST common cause of glomerulonephropathy isss

Answer 52

IgA neprhopathy aka Berger syndrome

Question 53

describe the course of bergers syndrome

Answer 53

starts off as begnin and then ends with ESRS

Question 54

Henoch-Schonlein purpira is a cause off

Answer 54

Bergers syndrome

Question 55

crescentic GN or might present as simple

Answer 55

rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis

Question 56

cellular cresents in RPGN is found in more than

Answer 56

50% of the glomeruli

Question 57

if left untreated, RPGN _________

Answer 57

>90% progresses into ESRD

Question 58

IgG deposit along GBM (anti-GBM disease)

Answer 58

Type 1 RPGN

Question 59

IC deposition in the subendothelial, subepithelial, and/or mesangial compartment (virtually any IC–mediated GN, although most are idiopathic).

Answer 59

type 2 RPGN

Question 60

absence of immune deposits “pauci- immune GN”. (ANCA vasculitis)

Answer 60

type 3 RPGN

Question 61

Double-antibody positive disease is a unique variant of RPGN characterized by features of

Answer 61

type 1 and type 3 disease (i.e. anti-GBM antibodies and ANCA are both detected).

Question 62

Typically presents with microscopic hematuria and mild proteinuria (<2.0 g/d) • May have: ocular abnormalities (retinopathy and anterior lenticonus), sensorineural hearing loss and rarely, leiomyomatosus.

Answer 62

alport syndrome

Question 63

follows angiographic procedures by days or weeks

Answer 63

renal atheroembolic

Question 64

renal atheroemboli is reported in _____of cases

Answer 64

30%

Question 65

on biopsy, pts with renal atheroembloli have

Answer 65

atherosclerotic aorta, cholesterol emboli

Question 66

blood chemistry of pts with renal artheroemboli

Answer 66

low complements, high esinophils

Question 67

secondary to E. coli (serotype 0157:H7).

Answer 67

HUS