Renal Colic

Question 1

Common Risk factors for Renal colic?

Answer 1

Male, white, family history.

Question 2

Anatomical abnormalities associated with renal colic?

Answer 2

Medullary sponge kidney

ureteropelvic junction

Question 3

Why is intestinal surgery/diseases considered a risk factor?

Answer 3

-It affects the re-absorption of some electrolytes and minerals.

Question 4

Stone formation steps

Answer 4

1. Crystallization
2. Nucleation
3. Aggregation

Question 5

Stone inhibitors block ____

Answer 5

Crystallization

Question 6

-The most common cause of recurrence

Answer 6

Stone inhibitors deficiency.

Question 7

Stone inhibitors include

Answer 7

Citrate
Magnesium
Pyrophosphate
Glycosaminogylcans

Question 8

Stone promoters include

Answer 8

Oxalate
Urate
Calcium
 Low urine pH
 Protein Matrix

Question 9

Most common type of stoness?

Answer 9

Diamonds.

amz7 calcium …

Question 10

Most common calcium stones?

Answer 10

. Calcium Oxalate Stones

Question 11

Which type of stones is associated with gout?

Answer 11

Uric Acid Stones

Question 12

Which stone patients end up with renal failure?

Answer 12

Cystine Stones

Question 13

(T/F): All patients with Ca-Oxalate stones have hypercalcemia.

Answer 13

False. HypercalciUREA

Question 14

Both Mg and ___ has to be LOW in stones to form stones

Answer 14

citrate

Question 15

Which type os stones is difficult to treat?

Answer 15

Monohydarte
(dumbbell crystals)
“dumbbells made them strong!!!)

Question 16

Dihydrate form ___ crystals

Answer 16

Envelope

Question 17

Ca Phosphate is associated with _____

Answer 17

type 1 RTA (Renal tubular acidosis)

Question 18

Ca Phosphate is common among

Answer 18

pregnancy
women
renal disease

Question 19

pH of urine with Ca Phosphate ?

Answer 19

> 5.5

Question 20

Ca PHosphate crystals?

Answer 20

AmorPHous crystals

Notice the PH

Question 21

Stone that is large and causes urine to become alkaline (>7.2)?

Answer 21

Struvite Stones

Question 22

treatment of Struvite Stones

Answer 22

Surgery + antibiotics

Question 23

Struvite crystals?

Answer 23

Cofflin-lid crystals.

Question 24

What causes Struvite?

Answer 24

urease-producing bacteria

Question 25

urease-producing bacteria ex

Answer 25

Proteus (most com) | Klebsiella

Question 26

Most common radiolucent stone

Answer 26

Uric acid stones

Question 27

Treatment of Uric acid stones?

Answer 27

dissolve: - inc fluid - Citrate therapy - AlloPURinol (makes urine PURE from uric acid)

Question 28

Stones are detected by

Answer 28

KUB CT (non-contrast)

Question 29

Uric acid crystals

Answer 29

pleomorphic (needle shape or rod)

Question 30

Cystine crystals?

Answer 30

Hexagon crystals

Question 31

When does patient face storage luts?

Answer 31

if it's a bladder/distal ureter stone.

Question 32

Why do people with renal stones experience pain?

Answer 32

Ureters are obstructed --> Sudden expansion of renal capsule (T11-L2) --> PAIN

Question 33

if it's a urethral stone the patient faces ___ symptoms

Answer 33

obstructive.

Question 34

Ultrasound diagnose stones in

Answer 34

peds and pregos

Question 35

Acute management include?

Answer 35

pain management, hydration, antibiotic, urinalysis

Question 36

When do we admit the patients?

Answer 36

if pain in uncontrolled anuria obstructions

Question 37

acute intervention is in ______ and what do they do?

Answer 37

Obstructed and infected renal unit, drainage.

Question 38

treatment of stones include (meds)

Answer 38

Thiazide Potassium Citrate Allopurinol

Question 39

treatment of stones include (lifestyle)

Answer 39

- Reduced red meat intake, OXALATE - reduce Na intake, inc water - V B6, Ca - Limit V. C - Avoid hyperglycemia

Question 40

Most common surgery is

Answer 40

Ureteroscopy

Question 41

What's done if it's a LARGE stone? (>1.5cm)

Answer 41

Percuttaneous nephrolithotomy