List the four hallmarks of Enterobacteriaceae
Nitrate+
Oxidase-
Glucose ferm+
Catalase+
List anaerobic GNRs:
Bacteroides
Porphyromonas
Prevotella
Fusobacteria
MacConkey-GROWTH, Glucose-POS, Nitrate-POS, Oxidase-NEG, Catalase-POS
Enterobacteriaceae
Proteus Shigella Citrobacter Edwardsiella Escherichia Salmonella Klebsiella Serratia
MacConkey-GROWTH, Glucose-POS, Oxidase-POS
Vibrio
Aeromonas
Plesiomonas
MacConkey-GROWTH, Glucose-NEG
Pseudomonas **
Xanthomonas maltophilia
Acinetobacter
Flavobacterium **
*** oxidase-POS
Fastidius organisms
Francisella Brucella Bordetella Pasteurella Legionella Campylobacter Capnocytophaga Streptobacilus monoliformis Haemophilis Helicobacter
List members of the Proteae family:
List a uniformly POS biochemical test in these bitches:
Proteus
Morganella
Providencia
**Phenylalanine deaminase
Shigella:
How many organisms does it take to fuck you up?
What lab characteristic is memorable about Shigella?
100-200 organisms
**It’s NEG for everything… except METHYL RED
Therefore… lactose? Nope
H2S gas? Nope
VP? Nope
Indole? Citrate? PDA? Nope, nope, nope.
Yersinia entercolitica’s name to fame?
**List three species:
MCC of blood transfusion-related sepsis
Remember YCEP*
- enterocolitica
- pseudotuberculosis
- pestis
What other enteric rod does Citrobacter resemble?
How do they differ?
Salmonella
*both citrate-POS
Citrobacter is POS in the ONPG reaction (“O-NitroPhenyl-B-D-Galactopyranoside”)
What other enteric rod does Edwardsiella resemble?
How do they differ?
*Any disease associations?
Salmonella
**both produce H2S
Edwardsiella is Indole-POS
- Iron overload
- co-infection with E. histolytica
Escherichia:
Key BIOCHEM features (2)
Lactose-FERM
Indole-POS like Edwardsiella
List types of E. coli infection:
ETEC = Enterotoxic = Traveler’s diarrhea
heat-stable vs. guanylate/heat-labile vs. adenylate cyclase
EIEC = Enteroinvasive = Dysentery
EPEC = Enteropathogenic = gastroenteritis in infants of poo’ countries
EAEC = Enteroaggregative = infant diarrhea in poo’ countries
EHEC = Enterhemorrhagic** gets its own flashcard
Which E. coli is O157:H7?
Its biochem characteristic?
EHEC
Sorbitol NEG
- plate on MacConkey-sorbital vs. MacConkey-lactate
- clear vs. pink = presumptive EHEC!
Miscellaneous shit:
Verotoxin (Shiga-like) = inhibits protein synth and damages enterocytes
Toxin in blood = endothelial damage
HUS
Which Salmonella species cause bacteremia?
MoA (mode of action):
S. typhi, paratyphi, and cholerasuis
Invade bowel wall and chill in reticuloendothelial cells of liver, spleen, and gb ==> reinfection
I say Klebsiella, you say… (biochem test)
Disease assoc? (List two)
Voges-Proskauer!
Pneumonia in alcoholics (K. pneumniae)
Rhinoscleroma (K. rhinoscleromatis)
Which Enterobacteriaceae are non-motile?
Klebsiella
Shigella
**Yersinia at 37 C
What is prodigiousum?
The microbe that produces this is known for what?
A red pigment produced by some strains of Serratia
Nosocomial infections from medical devices
What else is H2S-producing? (Besides Salmonella)
CEP
Citrobacter
Edwardsiella
Proteus
Escherichia’s key BIOCHEM features (2)
Lactose-FERM
Indole-POS like Edwardsiella
What else is VP-pos? (Besides Klebsiella)
SHE
Serratia
Hafnia
Enterobacter
Which Enterobacteriaceae ferment lactose?
KEE
Klebsiella
Escherichia
Enterobacter
Interpret this TSI/KIA:
slant/deep
K/K
Not Enterobacteria!
PCEM (pchem?)
Pseudomonas
Campylobacter
Eikenella
Moraxella
Interpret this TSI/KIA:
slant/deep
K/A
Glucose fermented only
SSPY
Shigella
Serratia
Providencia
Yersinia
Interpret this TSI/KIA:
slant/deep
K/A +H2S
Glucose fermented only + H2S-producing
SPEC
Salmonella
Proteus
Edwardsiella
Citrobacter
Interpret this TSI/KIA:
(slant/deep)
A/A
What if it produces gas too (list 2 bugs)
Lactose is their bitch
Escherichia
Klebsiella
Enterobacter
(The KEEs! Remember, these are the three lactose fermenters)
Media for Vibrio?
Vibrio cholerae vs. parahemolyticus
Thiosulfate citrate bile salt agar
V. cholera: Sucrose+
TCBS agar: what’s the differentiating factor?
Sucrose
V. cholera will be positive (YELLA)
Wtf is El Tor biotype?
V. cholera with WEAK string test, has B-hemolysis, and agglutinates on chicken RBCs
How is V. cholera classified?
(1) O Ags (>150)
(2) Biotype (class vs. El Tor)
(3) Serotype (Ogawa, Inaba, Hikojima)
- O1 causes most cases
- non-O1, nobody gives a fuck
- O139 causes cholera in India
What’s the point of sucrose in TSI?
To rule out Salmonella/Shigella (neither ferment sucrose)
A/A result rules them out
