Gonadotropins Flashcards

1
Q

gonadotropin definitions

A

three types: FSH, LH and hCG; all have the same alpha subunit, made by ant. pit. or placenta, and have unique beta subunits (but LH and hCG are very similar)

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2
Q

mechanism of action for the gonadotropins

A

act via GPCRs that are coupled to G-alphas (upreg cAMP);
LH and hCG both through the LH-receptor
LH and FSH target gonads (and corpus luteum @ females)

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3
Q

FSH targets and function males and females

A

males: sertoli cells promotes spermogenesis, stimulates inhibin secretion
females: granulosa cells; support follicular growth, stimulate inhibin, stimulate estrogen

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4
Q

LH targets and functions males and females

A

males: leydig cells, promotes test. synth.
females: theca, corpus luteum, follicles; stim. estro. and progesterone

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5
Q

hCG targets and functions females only

A

corpus luteum; stim progesterone

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6
Q

feedback mechanism for FSH, LH and hCG

A

dependent on prog. estro. androgens and inhibin

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7
Q

hypothalamic control of gonadotropins

A

exquisite pulsatility, half life of 2-4 minutes GnRH, 1x per hour

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8
Q

anterior pit control

A

can desensitize to excess GnRH if exposed

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9
Q

gonadotropin regulation (physiological)

A

GABA, Norepi, opioids, dopamine

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10
Q

follicular phase of menstrual cycle

A

estrogen still inhibitory and gonadotropin pulses small and frequent

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11
Q

ovulation phase

A

estrogen is now positive feedback, and at high levels, resultant LH surge induces ovulation

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12
Q

luteal phase

A

progesterone feedback increases amplitude of pulses of GnRH but also increases the interval

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13
Q

fertizilations

A

trophoblastic production of hCG compensates for the placenta until it is mature (week 9)

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14
Q

hCG diagnosis

A

pregnancy, certain tumors (in urine)

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15
Q

LH diagnosis

A

timing intercourse properly for pregnancy

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16
Q

FSH and LH diagnosis

A

diagnostic for precocious puberty

17
Q

Fertility treatment (IVF and intermediate)

A

FSH for maturation followed by hCG to induce ovulation

IVF adds harvesting

18
Q

indications for treatment males

A
cryptorchidism (hCG)
fertility treatment (both FSH and LH)
19
Q

adverse effects of gonadotropin therapy

A

multiple gestations; Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome: increased vascular permeability, hypotension, coagulopathies

20
Q

leuprolide definition

A

GnRH agonist; depot IM

21
Q

indications for leuprolide

A

central precocious puberty (desensitization of GnRH receptor)
hormone dependent cancer
endometriosis (no longer than six months due to bone density loss)
fertility treatment

22
Q

ganirelix definition

A

GnRH antagonist

23
Q

indications for ganirelix

A

control over fertilization cycles

hormone responsive cancer