Goverment Final

Question 1

Public opinion

Answer 1

Public opinion is the collective view or attitude of a population on a particular issue, person, or event at a given time.
Measured through polls, surveys, and other ways. Methods and can play a crucial role in shaping public policy, elections, and social movements.

Question 2

Agenda setting

Answer 2

process by which the media and other influential entities prioritize certain issues, shaping public perception and determining which topics receive attention in public discourse.

Question 3

Priming

Answer 3

is when something you see or hear makes you think or act a certain way without you even realizing it.

Question 4

Framing

Answer 4

Framing is the process of presenting information or an issue in a specific way to influence how it is perceived and interpreted.

Question 5

Response Bias

Answer 5

People who don’t honestly answer surveys and throw off the results

Question 6

Coverage Bias

Answer 6

methodology the way you conduct your survey changes the results
How many people have a landline - two people do
You only survey people with landlines so only old people have landlines

Question 7

Rational Ignorance

Answer 7

Rational ignorance is the decision to remain uninformed about a topic when the cost of acquiring the information outweighs the perceived benefits of knowing it.

Donut example when you want thee last donut and don’t ask if its anybdies cuz you want to eat it

Question 8

Survey Research

Answer 8

is a method of collecting data by asking a sample of individuals structured questions to gather information about their opinions, behaviors, or characteristics.

Question 9

Rational choice model

Answer 9

ramework that explains decision-making as a process in which individuals weigh costs and benefits to maximize their personal advantage or utility.

Question 10

Non- response bias

Answer 10

when people refuse to answer the survey so they mess up the survey
results

Question 11

The halo effect

Answer 11

When people answer a survey and want to give socially desirable answers when they are asked

Question 12

Source of public opnion

Answer 12

media, education, personal experiences, cultural influences, social interactions, political leaders, and major events.

Question 13

Agents in socialization

Answer 13

are the individuals, groups, or institutions that influence and shape a person’s beliefs, values, behaviors, and norms throughout their life.

Question 14

gerrymandering

Answer 14

is the manipulation of electoral district boundaries to favor a particular political party or group, often undermining fair representation.

Question 15

Socialism

Answer 15

political and economic system where the means of production, distribution, and exchange are owned or regulated by the community or state, aiming for equality and the redistribution of wealth.

Question 16

Feminism

Answer 16

the belief in and advocacy for gender equality, particularly the social, political, and economic rights of women.

Question 17

Populism

Answer 17

political approach that seeks to represent the interests and concerns of ordinary people, often by contrasting them against the elites or established institutions.

Question 18

Civic engagement

Answer 18

active participation of individuals in the political, social, or community activities aimed at addressing public issues and contributing to the betterment of society.

Question 19

Voting rights act 1965

Answer 19

landmark federal legislation that aimed to eliminate racial discrimination in voting, ensuring equal access to the ballot for all citizens, particularly in the Southern United States.

Question 20

Political efficacy

Answer 20

belief that an individual’s actions can influence the political process and that the government responds to the needs and concerns of its citizens.

Question 21

Amendment to vote

Answer 21

refers to a formal change or addition to a legal document, that alters the rules or processes related to voting rights or procedures.

Question 22

Open v. Closed Primary

Answer 22

an election in which only registered party members can vote to select their party’s candidate, while an open primary allows any registered voter to participate, regardless of party affiliation.

Question 23

Redistricting

Answer 23

the process of redrawing the boundaries of electoral districts to reflect changes in population and ensure equal representation.

Question 24

Phases of the presidential campaign

Answer 24

exploration phase, where candidates assess viability; the primary phase, where candidates compete for party nominations; the convention phase, where the party formally nominates its candidate; and the general election phase, where the nominated candidate campaigns nationwide to win the presidency.

Question 25

Political action committee

Answer 25

an organization that collects and distributes funds to support or oppose political candidates, parties, or legislation, typically in accordance with specific political interests.

Question 26

Conservativism

Answer 26

political and social philosophy that seeks to preserve traditional institutions, values, and practices, emphasizing stability, continuity, and cautious change.

Question 27

Liberalism

Answer 27

is a political and philosophical ideology emphasizing individual freedoms, equality, rule of law, and limited government, often advocating for free markets and human rights.

Question 28

Libertarian

Answer 28

someone who advocates for individual liberty, limited government, and minimal state intervention in personal and economic matters.

Question 29

The harm principle

Answer 29

a libertarian way of thinking government should only be involved in our lives to stop us from doing harm to someone else

Question 30

4 issues that divide conservatives and liberals

Answer 30

are typically economic policy (e.g., taxation and government spending), social values (e.g., marriage equality and abortion), environmental policy (e.g., climate change regulation), and healthcare (e.g., government-run versus private healthcare systems).

Question 31

sample

Answer 31

Public opinion is the general consensus or collective beliefs of a group of people about a specific topic, often measured through surveys or polls.

Question 32

Litigation

Answer 32

the process of taking legal action or resolving disputes through the court system.

Question 33

Wars Power Act

Answer 33

The War Powers Resolution (1973) is a U.S. law that limits the president's ability to engage military forces without congressional approval, requiring notification of Congress within 48 hours and a withdrawal of forces within 60 to 90 days unless Congress authorizes the action.

Question 34

Standing v. Joint v. Conference v. Select Committees

Answer 34

Standing- Most common committees, permanent and focus on a specific area of legislation. Most day to day to work happens here. Joint- have members from both the House and Senate who are concerned with specific policy areas. Select- temporary committees that conduct special investigations for a specific purpose. They only meet for a limited time until they have completed their purpose.

Question 35

Electors

Answer 35

are individuals who are eligible to vote in an election.

Question 36

Types of Jurisdiction

Answer 36

efer to the different areas of authority that courts or legal bodies have over specific cases, including territorial, subject-matter, and personal jurisdiction.

Question 37

Delegate v. Trustee v. Politico Theory

Answer 37

Delegate theory argues that elected officials should act in accordance with the wishes of their constituents; the Trustee theory holds that officials should use their judgment to make decisions for the good of the public, even if it contradicts popular opinion; and the Politico theory suggests that lawmakers balance both the delegate and trustee roles, acting as delegates on issues that are important to their constituents and as trustees on more complex matters.

Question 38

Judicial Review

Answer 38

the power of courts to examine the constitutionality of legislative acts, executive actions, and other government decisions, ensuring they align with the constitution.

Question 39

Amendments Related to the President

Answer 39

changes to the U.S. Constitution that address the election, powers, and succession of the President, including the 12th, 20th, 22nd, 25th, and 23rd Amendments.

Question 40

Personnel of the White House

Answer 40

refers to the staff and officials who work in support of the President of the United States, including advisers, secretaries, and other administrative and security personnel.

Question 41

Mediation

Answer 41

conflict resolution process in which a neutral third party helps disputing parties reach a mutually acceptable agreement.

Question 42

Earmarking

Answer 42

when congressmen are making bills - they will add something that is not related to that bill - so people will vote

Question 43

Unfunded Mandate

Answer 43

regulation or policy imposed by a higher authority, such as the federal or state government, on lower levels of government or private entities without providing funding to cover the associated costs.

Question 44

Executive Agreements

Answer 44

international agreements made by a country's executive branch without requiring legislative approval, often used to address foreign policy matters.

Question 45

Responsibilities of the Senate

Answer 45

responsible for crafting and passing legislation, approving presidential appointments, ratifying treaties, conducting impeachment trials, and representing states in the federal government.

Question 46

Franking Privilege

Answer 46

the right of members of Congress to send official mail to their constituents without postage costs, funded by taxpayer money.

Question 47

State of the Union

Answer 47

an annual address delivered by the President of the United States to Congress, outlining the administration's accomplishments, priorities, and legislative agenda.

Question 48

Rally Effect

Answer 48

Popular support for a president can influence presidential power

Question 49

Bully Pulpit

Answer 49

position of authority, such as the presidency, that provides an opportunity to promote ideas, influence public opinion, and advocate for policies.

Question 50

Plaintiff v. Defendant

Answer 50

who initiates a lawsuit seeking legal remedy, while the defendant is the party against whom the lawsuit is filed.

Question 51

Articles of the Constitution

Answer 51

the seven foundational sections of the U.S. Constitution that establish the framework for the federal government, including its powers, responsibilities, and structure.

Question 52

Rule of Four

Answer 52

in order for the Supreme Court to hear a case, 4 supreme justices have to agree to hear

Question 53

Electoral College

Answer 53

is a system used in the United States to elect the president, where electors from each state cast votes based on the popular vote in their state, with a total of 538 electors determining the outcome.

Question 54

Trustee Theory

Answer 54

The representative acts as a fiduciary who makes decisions based on their own understanding of what is best for the public, both in the short and long term.

Question 55

Politico Theory

Answer 55

The Politico model is a hybrid of the Delegate and Trustee models. Representatives adapt their role based on the issue at hand—more responsive to constituents on some issues and more independent on others.