Government and Parliament Flashcards
(32 cards)
1
Q
1st Parliament
A
- January 1510 abolished the Council Learned in Law
2
Q
2nd Parliament
A
- February 1512- May 1514
- Provided extraordinary revenue for wars in France and Scotland
- Anticlerical Act restricting benefit of the clergy
3
Q
3rd Parliament
A
- February - December 1515
- Act restricting benefit of the clergy not renewed despite anticlerical atmosphere in House of Commons
4
Q
4th Parliament
A
- April - August 1523
- Provided extraordinary revenue for invasion of France
- Sir Thomas More made first know plan for freedom of speech for MPs
5
Q
5th Parliament
A
- November 1529 - April 1536
- ‘Reformation’ Parliament
6
Q
6th Parliament
A
- June - July 1536
- Called to enact a new Succession Act following fall of Anne Boleyn
7
Q
7th Parliament
A
- April 1539 - July 1540
- Called to provide extraordinary revenue with invasion threatened
- Produced divergent religious legislation
8
Q
8th Parliament
A
- January 1542 - March 1544
- Provided extraordinary revenue for invasions of France and Scotland
9
Q
9th Parliament
A
- November 1545 - January 1547
- Provided extraordinary revenue
10
Q
Wolsey and end of Government by Councils
A
- Councillor approach was\ from 1509-1514 several factors brought it to an end:
- Henry became disenchanted with
reluctance of some of his fathers
councillors - Became his own man and wanted to
make decisions by himself - Henry surrounded himself with like
minded courtiers - Impressed with the skills of Wolsey
- Henry became disenchanted with
- Wolsey’s influence was derived from his closeness to the King
11
Q
Privy Chamber
A
- Before 1519 lay out of Wolsey’s control
- Henry’s minions distrusted Wolsey who had the task of neutralising their influence
- 1519 secured the removal of the minions and replaced with his own supporters
12
Q
Domestic Policy under Wolsey
A
- Court of Chancery
- Court of Star Chamber
- Finance
- Eltham Ordinances
13
Q
Court of Chancery
A
- He was responsible for overseeing the legal system as Lord chancellor
- He had the right to preside over the court of chancery to uphold fair justice
- Main problem became too popular and justice became slow
14
Q
Court of Star Chamber
A
- Centre of both government and justice under Wolsey
- It was a way from 1516 of cheap and fair justice
- Also encouraged for private lawsuits
- A permanent committee set up in 1519
15
Q
Finance ‘Tudor Subsidy’
A
- Instead of using local commissioners, Wolsey set up a National committee with direct and realistic assessments
- Wolsey attempted to raise money through Amicable Grant 1525
16
Q
Eltham Ordinances
A
- To reform the finances of the Privy Council
- Proposals for reduction in royal expenditure
- He replaced Henry’s Groom of the Stool William Compton replacing him with Henry Norris
17
Q
King’s Great Matter
A
- By mid 1520s Henry dissatisfied with his marriage
- Fearful no male heir
- Henry fallen for Anne Boleyn and was unwilling to be Henry’s mistress
- Henry would need Wolsey to secure papal dispensation for the annulment of his marriage with Catherine
- May 1527 Wolsey used power as representative of the Pope and take him to court but Catherine refused decision with canon law (Church law)
18
Q
Papacy and Emperor 1527
A
- Pope Clement VII not in position to allow an annulment.
- 6 May 1527 Rome sacked by troops of Charles V and Pope was Emperor’s prisoner
19
Q
Fall of Wolsey
A
- From 1527-29 no decision had been made so the Pope sent an envoy, Cardinal Campeggio,
- Hearing started June and ended July 1529 he failed to give an annulment
- Unpopular from forcing 1523 subsidy through Parliament and imposing the Amicable Grant
- October 1529 charged with praemunire and surrendered
- 29 November he was executed
20
Q
Domestic Policies under Cromwell (1532-40)
A
- Worked under Wolsey and rose quickly because of his proposal to enbale Henry to secure an annulment
- 1532 King’s chief minister
21
Q
Divorce from Catherine of Aragon
A
- Both the divorce and the break with Rome were accomplished through the use of Acts of Parliament whose supremacy over Canon law was established
22
Q
Exploiting Weaknesses in the Church
A
- Catholic Church weakened by humanist criticisms of Colet and Erasmus
- Church’s claims to legal supremacy challenged in 1528 by Christopher St German (English law over Church law)
- Henry supplied with the Collectanea Satis Copiosa gathered by Thomas Cranmer and Edward Foxe to justify King’s divorce
23
Q
Pressuring the Pope
A
-1531:
- Clergy collectively accused of praemunire and fined
-1532:
- Act in conditional restraints of Annates
- House of Commons Supplication against Ordinaries
- Formal Submission of the Clergy to Henry VIII
24
Q
Henry’s marriage to Anne Boleyn
A
- Anne Boleyn forced the annulment issue
- Henry’s path eased as Archbishop of Canterbury William Warham died and replaced by Thomas Cranmer
- December 1532 Anne pregnant
- Married 25 January 1533
- Henry’s former marriage annulled May 1533
25
Acts of Parliament:
Act in Restraint of Appeals
- Declared that the monarch possessed an imperial jurisdiction which not subject to any foreign power
- Declared appeals could not be made to Rome
26
Act of Succession April 1534
- Henry's marriage to Catherine was void
- Succession should be vested in children of Anne
- Deny validity of Henry's marriage to Anne was treasonable
27
Act of Supremacy November 1534
- Gave legislative force to royal supremacy
- King rightfully and oewth to be Supreme Head of the Church of England
- Completed the break with Rome
28
Treason Act November 1534
- Tightened so treason could be committed by the spoken word as well as by deed or writing
- Thomas More was executed in July 1535 for denying royal supremacy
29
Act Annexing First Fruits and Tenths to the Crown November 1534
- Annates that were paid to the Pope by a bishop now went to the King
- Increased financial burden on the clergy and strengthened royal supremacy
30
Fall of Anne Boleyn
- At first advocate for Church reform but relations between Anne and Cromwell broke down
- Persuaded the King that Anne's behaviour lead to adultery
- 19 May 1536 she was executed
- Lady in waiting Jane Seymour
31
Fall of Thomas Cromwell
- Catalyst for his downfall was failure to manage the King's marital affairs
- Jane Seymour died after giving birth to Prince Edward
- 1540 Cromwell tried to reconcile with the League of Schmalkalden
- Anne of Cleves was unsuitable to Henry and marriage quickly annulled gave Norfolk chance to bring him down
32
Execution of Catherine Parr and Marriage to Katherine Parr
- Norfolk wanted to benefit politically so put forward neice Catherine Howard but then was accused of an affair with a distant cousin executed for treason 13 February 1542
- Norfolk worried about marriage to protestant Katherine Parr as she posed to his ambitions and he tried to accuse her of heresy
