Gr. 11 Respiratory System

Question 1

What is the main function of the respiratory system?

Answer 1

To transport oxygen and carbon dioxide between the cells and the external environment

Question 2

What is respiration?

Answer 2

The processes needed to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide between the cells and the external environment

Question 3

List the four main stages of respiration.

Answer 3

• Breathing (inhalation and exhalation)
• External respiration
• Internal respiration
• Cellular respiration

Question 4

What is breathing?

Answer 4

Involves inhalation (air into the lungs) and exhalation (air exits lungs)

Question 5

What is external respiration?

Answer 5

Gas exchange between the lungs (alveoli) and the blood (capillaries)

Question 6

What is internal respiration?

Answer 6

Gas exchange between the blood (capillaries) and the body cells

Question 7

What is cellular respiration?

Answer 7

The set of chemical reactions that take place in cells to breakdown glucose and release chemical energy

Question 8

What are the reactants and products of cellular respiration?

Answer 8

Reactants: Oxygen gas and glucose
Products: Carbon dioxide gas and energy

Question 9

How does gas exchange occur?

Answer 9

By diffusion (no energy needed by the cells)

Question 10

What are the requirements for effective gas exchange and diffusion?

Answer 10

• A large surface area where diffusion can occur
• Moist environment for gases to be dissolved in water
• A concentration gradient
• Short diffusion distances for molecules

Question 11

Fill in the blank: The overall chemical equation for cellular respiration is: _______ + glucose → CO2.

Answer 11

Oxygen

Question 12

What is the significance of a moist environment in gas exchange?

Answer 12

It allows gases to be dissolved in water, which drives the diffusion of the gases

Question 13

True or False: A concentration gradient is not necessary for gas exchange.

Answer 13

False

Question 14

What is the role of short diffusion distances in gas exchange?

Answer 14

They facilitate quicker transport of molecules to target locations

Question 15

What is a spirograph?

Answer 15

A graph representing the amount of air moving in and out.

Question 16

What is a spirometer?

Answer 16

The device that measures the volume of air inhaled and exhaled.

Question 17

What is tidal volume?

Answer 17

The volume of air inhaled or exhaled with normal breathing at rest.

Question 18

What is inspiratory reserve volume?

Answer 18

The extra volume of air forcefully inhaled after a regular inhalation.

Question 19

What is expiratory reserve volume?

Answer 19

The extra volume of air forcefully exhaled after regular exhalation.

Question 20

What is residual volume?

Answer 20

The volume of air left in the lungs after a forceful exhalation.

Question 21

What is vital capacity?

Answer 21

The maximum volume of air that can be inhaled or exhaled.

Question 22

What is total lung capacity?

Answer 22

Total volume of air that can be held in the lungs.

Question 23

Which component of the graph cannot be measured using a spirometer?

Answer 23

Residual volume cannot be measured using a spirometer.

Question 24

What is the process of gas exchange between the blood and the body cells called?

Answer 24

Internal and External Respiration

Question 25

What do alveoli do?

Answer 25

They are tiny, thin air sacs that increase the surface area for gas exchange.

Question 26

What is the role of capillaries in the alveoli?

Answer 26

Each alveolus is covered in tiny capillaries.

Question 27

What gas does oxygen bind to in red blood cells?

Answer 27

Oxygen binds to hemoglobin.

Question 28

What is expiration?

Answer 28

The process of relaxing the diaphragm and intercostal muscles, allowing carbon dioxide to be expelled.

Question 29

What happens during inhalation?

Answer 29

The diaphragm contracts and moves down, increasing pressure in the lungs.

Question 30

What is the function of the diaphragm?

Answer 30

It helps in the mechanics of breathing by contracting and relaxing.

Question 31

What happens to the rib cage during inhalation?

Answer 31

The rib cage moves up and out.

Question 32

What is the shape of the diaphragm?

Answer 32

The diaphragm is dome-shaped.

Question 33

What occurs during expiration?

Answer 33

The diaphragm relaxes, decreasing pressure in the lungs and pushing air out.

Question 34

What are bronchial tubes?

Answer 34

They are the passages that branch from the trachea into the lungs.

Question 35

What is the role of the trachea?

Answer 35

It is the windpipe that conducts air to the bronchi.

Question 36

What happens to pressure in the lungs during inhalation?

Answer 36

Pressure in the lungs decreases, allowing air to rush in.

Question 37

What is the structure of the rib cage?

Answer 37

The rib cage is made up of bones that protect the thoracic cavity.

Question 38

What are the main structures of the upper respiratory tract?

Answer 38

The main structures are the nasal cavity, pharynx (throat), larynx (voice box), and trachea.

Question 39

What is the function of the nasal cavity?

Answer 39

The nasal cavity cleans, warms, and moistens the air. ## Footnote It contains tiny hairs that trap debris and is lined with cells that have cilia to sweep debris out.

Question 40

What is the role of the larynx?

Answer 40

The larynx is the location of vocal cords that vibrate to make sound.

Question 41

What is the structure of the trachea?

Answer 41

The trachea is a single hollow tube with C-shaped sections of rigid cartilage to keep it open for airflow.

Question 42

What happens to the trachea during swallowing?

Answer 42

A flap of tissue called the epiglottis covers the opening of the trachea when swallowing.

Question 43

What are bronchi?

Answer 43

The trachea branches into two bronchi, each leading to a different lung (left and right).

Question 44

How are the lungs structured?

Answer 44

Each lung is divided into lobes; the right lung has 3 lobes, and the left lung has 2 lobes.

Question 45

What covers the lungs?

Answer 45

The lungs are covered with a double-layered membrane called the pleura, which protects and helps them contract and expand.