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MARY > Grade 6 - Respiratory & Circulatory Systems > Flashcards

Grade 6 - Respiratory & Circulatory Systems Flashcards

(88 cards)

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1
Q

A system consists of organs that help you breathe.

A

Respiratory system

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2
Q

A process that allows your body to take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide.

A

Breathing

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3
Q

What does the respiratory system consists of?

A

nose
pharynx
larynx
trachea or wind pipe
bronchi
lungs

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4
Q

Where does air passes through when it enters through the nose or nostril?

A

Nasal cavity

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5
Q

A hairlike structures in the nasal cavity that filter dust and pathogens from the air?

A

cilia

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6
Q

A muscular tube in which food, water, and air pass through.

A

Pharynx

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7
Q

Is a flap of tissue that prevents food and water from entering the larynx.

A

epiglottis

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8
Q

This is commonly called the voice box, has two vocal cords that vibrate when air passes by them.

A

larynx

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9
Q

A hollow muscular tubular structure that is located below the larynx.

A

trachea or windpipe

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10
Q

What are the passageways called that the trachea divides into, leading to the left and right lungs? This transport air to and from the lungs?

A

bronchi

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11
Q

What makes up the bronchi?

A

cartilage
mucosal lining
smooth muscle

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12
Q

This layer prevents the bronchi from collapsing when you inhale and exhale.

A

cartilage

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13
Q

This layer produces mucus that traps foreign particles before they enter the lungs

A

mucosal lining

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14
Q

Small airways in the lungs that branch off from the bronchi.

A

bronchioles

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15
Q

A cluster of tiny air sacs where gas exchange occurs.

A

alveoli

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16
Q

What are the small blood vessels called that surround the alveoli?

A

capillaries

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17
Q

What are the main organs of the respiratory system?

A

lungs

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18
Q

What is the name of the membrane that protects the lungs, which are elastic and spongy organs?

A

pleura

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19
Q

What are the phases of respiration?

A

inhalation
exhalation

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20
Q

What happens to your chest and diaphragm when you inhale?

A

The chest moves outward and upward to expand as a result of the contraction of rib muscles. Furthermore, the diaphragm contracts and flattens giving more surface area for air inside the lungs.

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21
Q

What happens during exhalation?

A

The air is forced out of the lungs. The diaphragm and rib muscles relax and return to their original shape. This makes the chest move inward or downward causing the carbon dioxide to rush out of the body.

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22
Q

What are some of the common ailments affecting the respiratory system?

A

Asthma
Pneumonia
Tuberculosis (TB)
Bronchitis
Pharyngitis
Emphysema

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23
Q

A common ailment of the respiratory system wherein a person experiences difficulty in breathing as a result of the narrowing and swelling of the airways.

A

Asthma

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24
Q

What triggers asthma?

A

It is triggered by allergies brought about by dust, fumes, pollen, and other air pollutants.

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25
The infection of the lungs caused by viruses or bacteria. This can be a serious medical condition that can lead to death if not treated immediately.
Pneumonia
26
A bacterial infection of the lungs caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Tuberculosis (TB)
27
What bacteria causes tuberculosis, a bacterial infection of the lungs?
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
28
This refers to the inflammation or swelling of bronchial tube lining?
Bronchitis
29
What forms in the airways restricting the flow of oxygen into the lungs when people experience bronchitis?
mucus or phlegm
30
The inflammation of the pharynx causing sore throat and is usually accompanied with colds or flu.
Pharyngitis
31
This ailment damages the air sacs or alveoli in the lungs. The inner walls of the air sacs rupture leading to difficulty in breathing.
Emphysema
32
What is the leading cause of emphysema?
smoking
33
What are the composition of the circulatory system?
heart blood blood vessels
34
What are the functions of the heart, blood and blood vessels?
Heart - pumps blood to the different parts of the body. Blood- a fluid responsible for transporting gasses, nutrients, and other substances to the different parts of the body. Blood vessels - transport blood to all parts of the body.
35
A muscular organ about the size of your closed fist.
heart
36
How many beats per minute does the heart beats to distribute blood to the different parts of your body?
70-80 times per minute.
37
The left and the right sides of your heart are separated by?
septum
38
What do you call the upper chamber of the heart?
atria (singular: atrium)
39
What do you call the lower chamber of the heart?
ventricles
40
Overall, how many chamber does the heart has?
four: right atrium left atrium right ventricle left ventricle
41
What's the function of the thin-walled atrium?
It collects blood to the heart.
42
What's the function of the thick-walled ventricle?
It pumps blood out of the heart.
43
What's the sound of your heartbeat?
lub-dub
44
It's a result of alternating contraction and relaxation of the atria and ventricles.
heartbeat
45
They are flaps of tissues that prevent the backflow of blood as it flows within the heart?
valves of the heart
46
How are valves of the heart named?
Based on its location.
47
What do you call the valves between an atrium and ventricle?
atrioventricular valves
48
Give an examples of atrioventricular valves and its location.
tricuspid valve found between the right atrium and right ventricle bicuspid valve found between the left atrium and left ventricle
49
What do you call those set of valves located between arteries and ventricles?
semilunar valve
50
A type of semilunar valve found between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery that leads to the lungs.
pulmonary semilunar valve
51
A type of semilunar valve that is found between the left ventricle and the aorta.
aortic semilunar valve
52
This is considered the "river of life" because of the substance it carries.
blood
53
What is the composition of the blood?
blood cells fluid cell fragments
54
This is refer to the solid component of the blood.
blood cell
55
What are the 3 types of blood cell?
red blood cell (RBC) white blood cell (WBC) platelets
56
The most abundant blood cells that make up 40 to 45% of all cells in the blood.
Red blood cells (RBCs) or erythrocytes.
57
A type of blood cell that are produced in the red bone marrow and are round with thick edges and thin center. It has a biconcave disk shape and also carry proteins that determine blood types.
Red blood cells (RBCs) or erythrocytes.
58
Why blood is red?
The red color of the blood is due to the presence of the pigment hemoglobin.
59
A type of blood cell that are relatively bigger but lesser in number compared to RBCs.
white blood cells (WBCs) or leukocytes
60
What is the primary function of the white blood cells.
The primary function is to defend the body from microorganisms that can cause infection.
61
The smallest blood cell that are irregularly shaped cell fragments?
platelets
62
The liquid component and makes up 55% of the blood. It is roughly 90% water, and contains proteins and other substances such as oxygen and nutrients.
plasma
63
They are tubular passage ways of the blood and are like roads of a busy city.
Blood vessels
64
What are the classification of the blood vessels?
artery vein capillary
65
Are muscular, thick-walled, and elastic blood vessels?
arteries
66
What do you call those smaller arteries?
arterioles
67
This indicates the beating of your heart that is brought about by the flow of blood that is pumped through the arteries of the wrist.
pulse
68
The number of heartbeats in one minute is what we call?
pulse rate
69
Are thin-walled blood vessels that are more elastic than arteries due to the low blood pressure?
veins
70
The veins branch into smaller veins are called.
venules
71
Are the smallest and thinnest blood vessels which form junction between arterioles and venules.
capillaries
72
What are the two types of blood circulation?
pulmonary circulation systemic circulation
73
A type of blood circulation that happens between the lungs and the heart.
Pulmonary circulation
74
A type of blood circulation that occurs between the heart and the rest of the body.
Systemic circulation
75
What are the common diseases of the circulatory system.
Hypertension Arteriosclerosis Anemia Varicose veins Leukemia
76
Also known as high blood pressure. Can be caused by several factors, like obesity and high cholesterol.
Hypertension
77
An instrument for measuring blood pressure.
sphygmomanometer
78
This refers to the force of blood pushing against the walls of the arteries as the heart pumps the blood.
blood pressure
79
What's the normal range of blood pressure for young adult?
120/80 mm Hg.
80
Measures the pressure in the arteries when heart muscle contracts.
systole
81
Measures the pressure in the arteries when heart muscle relaxes
diastole
82
A disease caused by the buildup of cholesterol and fats in the arterial wall.
arteriosclerosis
83
A condition in which the body does not produce sufficient and healthy red blood cells.
anemia
84
This result from the widening and bulging of veins due to defective or loose valves within the veins.
varicose veins
85
Varicose veins are commonly found on which part of the body?
thighs and legs
86
This is characterized by too much production of white blood cells in the blood.
Leukemia
87
What are some good practices in maintaining a healthy and functional circulatory and respiratory systems.
Physical exercise makes your lungs and heart stronger Proper diet is essential in the prevention of the onset of circulatory and respiratory diseases. Do not smoke and stay away from areas where people smoke. Have time to relax and be from stress. Good sleep is good for the heart.
88
An instrument that measures your lung capacity?
respirometer

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