Science Q2 - Human Body Organs Flashcards
(177 cards)
1
Q
All living things are made up of _____.
A
cells
2
Q
You have _______ different kinds of cells in your body and each has a special function.
A
200
3
Q
Some cells are make up the skin and act as a covering for your body. These are the _______
A
skin cells
4
Q
The cell that bring oxygen to the different parts of the body and take carbon dioxide away.
A
Red blood cells (RBC)
5
Q
Give at least 5 kinds of cells.
A
skin cells
nerve cells
white blood cells
red blood cells
bone cells
6
Q
Cells that help fight infections?
A
White blood cells (WBC)
7
Q
Cells that carry messages to and from your brain?
A
Nerve cells
8
Q
Cells that make up the skin and act as a covering for your body?
A
Skin cells
9
Q
Cells that allow you to move?
A
Muscle cells
10
Q
Cells that make up bones are?
A
Bone cells
11
Q
Groups of cells found in your hand, mouth, stomach, and in other parts of your body are called ______.
A
tissues
12
Q
The body contains four main types of tissues. These are the?
A
epithelial tissue
connective tissue
muscle tissue
nervous tissue
13
Q
A tissue consists of packed cells that form surface covering, such as the layer of your skin and the lining of your nose. This covers and protects inner tissues.
A
epithelial tissue
14
Q
A tissue that joins, supports, protects, insulates, nourishes, and cushions the body organs.
A
connective tissue
15
Q
A tissue that keeps organs, such as the stomach and heart from falling apart.
A
connective tissue
16
Q
Sample of connective tisue?
A
bones and ligaments
17
Q
Is made up of cells that can contract and relax to produce movement.
A
muscle tissue
18
Q
Is a tissue that helps move the parts of your body?
A
muscle tissue
19
Q
A tissue that sends electrical signals to your body?
A
nervous tissue
20
Q
A tissue that is found in your brain, nerves and sense organs.
A
nervous tissue
21
Q
Two or more tissues working together form an ______.
A
organ
22
Q
Organs working together make up an ______.
A
organ system
23
Q
The stomach, the small and large intestines, and other organs form the organ system called _______.
A
digestive system
24
Q
True or False: Humans and other organisms are made up of several organ systems.
A
True
25
Enumerate the 7 organ systems?
Skeletal Systems
Muscular Systems
Circulatory Systems
Nervous Systems
Respiratory Systems
Digestive Systems
Excretory Systems
26
Major Internal organs in the skeletal system?
bones
27
Major internal organs in the muscular system?
skeletal muscles and smooth muscles
28
Major internal organs in the circulatory system?
heart, blood vessels, and blood
29
Major internal organs in the nervous system?
brain, spinal cord and nerves
30
Major internal organs in the respiratory system?
lungs
31
Major internal organs in the digestive system?
stomach, small and large intestines
32
Major internal organs in the excretory system?
kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra
33
A system that supports and protects the internal organs; allows movement.
Skeletal system
34
A system that moves that body and its parts.
Muscular system
35
A system that delivers nutrients to body cells and carries away wastes from the cells.
Circulatory system
36
A system that receives and transmits messages in the body.
Nervous system
37
A system that moves oxygen into the blood and carbon dioxide out of the blood.
Respiratory system
38
A system that breaks down food into simple nutrients that the body cells can use.
Digestive system
39
A system that removes waste products from the body.
Excretory system
40
Is the primary control center of your body. It is able to receive, integrate, store, and retrieve information.
Brain
41
An organ that sends information to other parts of the body. It is also the source of thoughts, emotions and moods.
Brain
42
The brain is protected by the cranium or skull. It is composed of cells called _____
neurons
43
Neurons carry electrical signals called _______
impulses
44
The _____ is connected to the spinal cord, which helps nerves send neurons to different parts of the body.
brain
45
The brain has three connected parts:
cerebrum, the cerebellum and the medulla
46
Is the largest part of the brain, which controls voluntary movements and detects touch, light, sound, odor, taste, pain, heat, and cold.
cerebrum
47
Receives sensory impulses from the muscles and joints.
cerebellum
48
Connects the brain to the spinal cord.
medulla
49
The cerebrum is the large rounded area of the brain divided into _____ and _____.
right hemispheres and left hemispheres
50
The left side of the brain controls ______
language, speech, and critical thinking
51
The right side of the brain is important in ______
performing arts and music
52
At the rear of the brain is the ______________.
cerebellum
53
It controls balance, posture, and coordination. It sends impulses to different skeletal muscles to make them contract, keeping you upright.
cerebellum
54
The part of your brain that connects to your spinal cord is called _______
medulla
55
It controls your blood pressure, heart rate, involuntary breathing, and some other involuntary activities
medulla
56
Is a bundle of nerve tissues extending from the brain through the backbone.
spinal cord
57
True or False: Messages from the brain and the body run up and down the spinal cord.
True
58
Is a brain injury from a hard hit resulting in a temporary disturbance in brain function, sometimes with unconsciousness and confusion.
concussion
59
Is an abnormal increase of the cerebrospinal fluid inside the skull, making the brain enlarged. Usually, the fluid is not circulating in the brain properly.
hydrocephalus
60
True or False: Any sensory information to and from the brain may not be able to travel if the spinal cord is injured.
True
61
True or False: It is important to take care of your brain and spinal cord.
True
62
True or False: Mental exercises, such as puzzle games, are effective in developing your memory and your critical thinking skills.
True
63
Is a muscular organ about the size of your fist that pumps throughout the body.
heart
64
Your heart is divided into left and right _____ and _____.
atria, ventricles
65
Each heart has an upper and lower ______.
chamber
66
The upper chamber called ____.
atrium (plural: atria)
67
Receives blood entering the heart?
atrium (plural: atria)
68
The lower chamber called _____.
ventricle
69
Pumps blood out of the heart and into the different parts of the body.
ventricle
70
The _____ is a connective tissue made up of cells and plasma.
blood
71
Is the fluid part of blood.
Plasma
72
Red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets float in the ______.
Plasma
73
Is a type of cells that supply your cells with oxygen?
Red blood cells
74
Is a type of cells that defend the body from infection.
White blood cells
75
It helps reduce blood loss by forming blood clots when you cut your skin.
Platelets
76
Are composed of intricate networks of hollow tubes that transport blood throughout the entire body.
Blood vessels
77
Examples of blood vessels include (3 possible answers)
arteries, veins and capillaries
78
How blood flow through the heart. (enumerate the 5 steps)
Blood enters the atria first.
1. The left atrium receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs.
2. The right atrium receives oxygen-poor blood from the body.
3. When the atria contract blood is squeezed into the ventricles.
While the atria relax, the ventricles contract and push blood out of the heart.
4. Blood from the right ventricle goes to the lungs.
5. Blood from the left ventricle goes to the rest of the body.
79
How does a heartbeat is produce?
Blood flow into both the atria and ventricles, causing the heart to contract and relax.
80
The sound of the heartbeat is usually described as ______
lub-dub
81
The leading cause of death involving the heart is the disease called ______.
antherosclerosis
82
Occurs when fatty materials build up inside the blood vessels, causing the vessels to narrow and become up inside the blood vessels.
Antherosclerosis
83
An abnormal increase of blood pressure?
Hypertension
84
How do you keep your heart healthy?
Exercises such as jogging and running. Avoid eating fatty foods. Eat a variety of vegetables, fruits and whole grains such as rice, cereals, oats and pasta to help your body maintain resistance to diseases.
85
Breathing is made possible by the ____.
lungs
86
Provide oxygen to the heart and other body organs for them to function.
lungs
87
Is the passageway of air traveling to the lungs
trachea
88
The trachea splits into two tubes called ____
bronchi (singular: bronchus)
89
A bronchus goes to each lung and branches into thousands of tiny tubes called ________
bronchioles
90
The bronchioles form a cluster of small, microscopic, bubble-like sacs, called ______
alveoli
91
A dome-shaped muscle underneath the lungs.
diaphragm
92
During inhalation or breathing in, your diaphragm _____ causing the volume of your chest cavity to increase.
contracts
93
During exhalation or breathing out, the diaphragm ______, causing the volume of chest cavity to decrease.
relaxes
94
Is an infection of the alveoli resulting in an accumulation of tissue fluids.
Pneumonia
95
If enough alveoli are affected, the patient may need supplemental _____.
oxygen
96
Is a bacterial infection of the lungs that can be spread through coughing, sneezing, and direct contact.
tuberculosis
97
Another respiratory ailment caused by periodic compression of the bronchi and bronchioles, making it difficult to breathe.
Asthma
98
Digestion of food begins in the ______.
mouth
99
Help tear and crush the food.
teeth
100
Secrete saliva that moistens the food, making it softer and easier to swallow.
salivary glands
101
Sends food to the stomach.
esophagus
102
Muscle contractions, that squeeze food through the esophagus and into the stomach are called _______
peristalsis
103
Is a muscular organ that absorbs and churns food to make it easier for the intestines to digest.
stomach
104
Food in the stomach that is partially digested and mixed with the acids is called.
chyme
105
They are squeezed out of the stomach by peristalsis, passing to the small intestines.
chyme
106
An inflammation or irritation of the lining of the stomach due to stress or use of certain medicines.
Gastritis
107
Stomach ulcers are also known as ____
peptic ulcers
108
Are painful stores in the stomach lining. They occur when the thick layer of mucus protecting your stomach is reduced.
stomach ulcers or peptic ulcers
109
Is characterized by loose and watery bowel movement.
Diarrhea
110
True or False: Diarrhea may last for two days and can be treated by drinking small amounts of dirty water?
False: (clean water)
111
It will help soften and add weight to stool, moving it from the stomach to the intestines.
Fiber
112
Samples of herbs that can help soothe digestion as well as relieve upset stomach, nausea, and vomiting.
ginger, cinnamon and thyme
113
Are responsible for breaking down food into nutrients, small enough to be absorbed and used by the cells of the body in order to form energy.
intestines
114
Two types of intestines?
small intestine and the large intestine
115
Contains digestive enzymes and bile.
small intestines
116
After passing through the small intestines undigested food (waste) passes into the _____
large intestines
117
Absorbs water and minerals from the waste?
large intestines
118
The waste be passed on by the large intestine to the rectum. It will be eliminated as ______.
feces
119
Occurs when too much water is removed, causing hard stools.
Constipation
120
Is a type of disorder when bowel movements become less frequent and difficult.
constipation.
121
Is a disorder in which the intestines become inflamed and sore.
colitis
122
True or False: Not walking is not an exercise that can keep your digestive system healthy by improving blood flow to the intestines.
False: Simple Walking or walking is an exercise that can keep your digestive system healthy by improving blood flow to the intestines.
123
An organ located at the right side of the stomach just below the diaphragm?
liver
124
It is an accessory organ of the digestive system.
liver
125
An organ that processes that nutrients absorbed from the small intestine. It secretes bile which helps in digesting fat.
liver
126
An organ also detoxifies potential harmful chemicals.
liver
127
Is a green muscular sac attached to the liver that stores bile.
gallbladder
128
The tubes that carry bile through the liver and gallbladder are known as
bile ducts
129
The bile ducts join to form the larger ducts that carry bile from the _____ and ____ lobes of the liver.
left, right
130
It stores and concentrates bile that released into the small intestine.
gallbladder
131
It helps the intestine absorb and digest fats.
bile
132
Occurs when normal liver cells are replaced by scar tissue as a result of liver disease.
cirrhosis
133
Please provide symptoms of liver diseases:
weakness and fatigue
weight loss
nausea
vomiting
yellow discoloration of the skin
134
Are hardened deposits of digestive fluid that can formed in your gallbladder.
Gallstones
135
Is an inflammation of the liver caused by eating or drinking contaminated food.
Hepatitis A
136
Infection is acquired by a child from an infected mother.
Hepatitis B
137
Please provide tips to keep your liver in good condition.
Please refer to page 100 of your book.
138
Are important organs that filter out waste products from the blood and control water content of the blood.
Kidney
139
The two kidneys are located in the _______.
lower back
140
The kidneys remove liquid wastes called ______, excess water, and other substances from the blood.
urea
141
The kidneys contain ____ , the tiny tubes with a capsule on one passing end.
nephrons
142
Is a fluid that is carried to the urinary bladder through the ureter.
urine
143
Is a saclike organ that stores urine until it can be released from the body.1
urinary bladder
144
Urine passes from the body through a tube called the _____.
urethra
145
The _____, consists of the kidneys, bladder and urethra, can be infected by bacteria or viruses causing ______.
urinary tract
urinary tract infection (UTI)
146
Are deposits of uric acid, salts and other substances that have gathered inside the kidneys.
kidney stones
147
Most common way to avoid kidney stones?
by drinking plenty of water. It is also important to regulate your eating of meat and seafood.
148
Support the body and protect the internal organs?
bones
149
Also provide movement and site for blood cell formation.
bones
150
A soft flexible tissue is called?
cartilage
151
True or False: The cartilage is replaced by bones as you grow?
True
152
Bones are held together by strips of tough connective tissue called ____
ligaments
153
The long bones of your arms and legs are shaped like _____
cylinders
154
The point where two or more bones connect is the ____
joint
155
Allows your body to move and your muscles to contract.
joints
156
Types of joints in your body.
fixed or immovable joint
ball and socket joints
hinge joints
pivot joints
slightly movable joints
157
A broken bone is called
fracture
158
An injury which occurs when a fluid-filled sac becomes inflamed as a result of the overuse of a joint.
bursitis
159
Another type of injury common to sports players due to overstretching of ligaments.
sprain
160
This happens when a cartilage wears away, causing an inflammation or swelling in the knee joints or elbow joints.
arthritis
161
Is a condition brought about by weakening of the bones.
Osteoporosis
162
Is an essential mineral for the proper development of teeth and bones.
Calcium
163
Are responsible for the movement of the body.
Muscles
164
3 types of muscles
skeletal muscles ( striated muscles)
smooth muscles
cardiac muscles
165
Muscles that are attached to the bones for movement and help protect the inner organs.
skeletal muscles
166
Skeletal muscles appear to be striped, thus they are called _____
striated muscles.
167
Muscles that are responsible for voluntary movements such as dancing, smiling, and walking.
skeletal muscles
168
Muscles that are found in the internal body organs like the stomach and intestines to help in the movement of food.
smooth muscles
169
Muscles that are also found in the blood vessels to help in the movement of the blood cells.
smooth muscles
170
Muscles that are found in the heart and cause the heart to beat.
cardiac muscles
171
The actions of the smooth and cardiac muscles are _____
involuntary
172
The action of the skeletal muscles can be ______ and _____
voluntary
involuntary
173
A _______ is caused by overstretching or tearing of the muscle.
muscle strain
174
Is a tear or strain of one of the muscles or tendons at the back of the thigh.
pulled hamstring
175
Is an inherited disease that is characterized by weakness and wasting away of muscle tissue, eventual loss of strength, increasing disability, and possible deformity.
Muscular dystrophy
176
_____ exercise increases the size and strength of skeletal muscles.
Aerobic
177
It's an exercise that strengthens the heart muscles while increasing endurance of the skeletal muscles.
Aerobic exercise
