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Grade 9 Science - Space Flashcards

1
Q

The Big Bang Theory?

A

The theory that all energy and matter in the universe expanded from a point.

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2
Q

How long ago did the Big Bang occur?

A

13.8 billion years ago

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3
Q

Inflation?

A

The act of the universe expanding at a rapid rate

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4
Q

How long after the big bang did inflation occur?

A

1 second

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5
Q

The formation of particles?

A

when helium and hydrogen was created

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6
Q

Why couldn’t atoms form until 400,000 years after the big bang?

A

because the universe was too hot

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7
Q

The formation of protons and neutrons?

A

quarks combined creating protons and neutrons

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8
Q

Quarks?

A

the broken up parts of protons and neutrons

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9
Q

How long after the big bang did the formation of protons and neutrons occur?

A

1 second during inflation

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10
Q

How long after the big bang did the formation of particles occur?

A

3 minutes

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11
Q

The forming of atoms?

A

The universe cooled enough to atoms

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12
Q

What was used to create atoms?

A

electrons, hydrogen, and helium

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13
Q

How long after the big bang did the formation of the first atom occur?

A

400,000 years

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14
Q

How long after the big bang did the light of the universe emerge?

A

400,000 years

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15
Q

Early light of the universe?

A

when there started to be a difference in temperature because of the collection of atoms

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16
Q

What is the early light of the universe also known as?

A

The cosmic microwave

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17
Q

What are the 3 things that are created when combined?

A
  1. Stars
  2. galaxies
  3. cluster of galaxies
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18
Q

The first starts are born?

A

The act of gravity forcing hydrogen and helium atoms together

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19
Q

Nebulae?

A

The formation of gas clouds

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20
Q

How long after the big bang did the formation of the first star occur?

A

100 million years

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21
Q

Formation of the early galaxies?

A

The act of gravity forcing and nebula’s together creating more stars

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22
Q

How long after the big bang did the formation of the early galaxies occur?

A

250 million years

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23
Q

The formation of planet?

A

Created by the star’s supernova expelling many different elements creating planets

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24
Q

Galaxy Clusters?

A

The act of many galaxies being pulled closer due to their gravitation pulls

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25
How long after the big bang did galaxy clusters occur?
1 billion years
26
How many years ago did our sun and earth form?
4.5 billion year ago
27
How many years ago did the birth of first life on earth formed?
3.8 billion years ago
28
How many years ago did the first dinosaurs develop?
230 million years ago
29
How many years ago did the extinction of the dinosaurs occur?
65 million years ago
30
How many years ago did the first bipedal hominids live?
2 million years ago
31
How many years ago did the first humans live?
200, 000 years ago
32
bipedal hominids?
The first living creature to travel on 2 legs (the evolution right before humans)
33
How many years ago did the first star form?
13.7 billion years ago
34
How long after the big bang did planets form?
250 million years
35
What are the 2 stars that form after a stellar Nebula?
1. An average star | 2. A massive star
36
What are the 3 stages that come after an average star?
1. a Red giant 2. a planetary nebula 3. a White Dwarf
37
What are the 2 stages that come after an massive star?
1. a Red Super Giant | 2. a Supernova
38
What are the 2 things that form after a supernova?
1. a black hole | 2. a Neutron Star
39
How many different ways can a star form?
3
40
What do stellar nebulas produce?
stars
41
What are the 2 elements that stars fuse?
1. helium | 2. hydrogen
42
What will our sun die as?
a white dwarf
43
how do we know how certain stars will die?
by it's mass
44
What mass does a white dwarf have?
low
45
What mass does a neutron star have?
medium
46
What mass does a black hole have?
high
47
Who discovered that the universe expanded?
Edwin Hubble
48
How was the expansion of the universe discovered?
Through it's wave lengths. He saw that throughout the years the wave lengths of the galaxies stretched, indicating that it was moving away
49
What colour show the most stretched out wave lengths?
red
50
What happens the galaxies when they move farther away?
They look redder because their wave length become more stretched
51
What does CMB stand for?
Cosmic Microwave Backround
52
how long after the big bang did CMB happen?
250 million years ago
53
What does gamma rays do to people?
give them radiation sickness
54
What has the shortest light waves?
Gamma rays
55
What has the longest light waves?
the radio
56
How was CMB discovered?
Through an antenna company, because the radiation caused interference?
57
Who discovered CMB?
Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson
58
What was cause of the interference through the antennas?
Remnants of radiation from the big bang
59
At what time of day does the sun's rays become the strongest?
in the afternoon
60
How is sunlight strength dictated?
through the angle of the object
61
When is the sunlight the strongest on a plate?
when it's vertical
62
When is the sunlight the weakest on a plate?
when it's horizontal
63
What angle is the earths tilt?
23 degrees
64
how do you know which hemisphere is hotter?
the closer the hemisphere is tilted to the sun, the hotter is is
65
What part of the earth gets the most direct sunlight all year round?
The equator
66
What parts of the earth gets the least direct sunlight all year round?
the north and south pole
67
If the southern Hemisphere is experiencing winter what is the northern experiencing?
summer
68
If the southern Hemisphere is experiencing summer what is the northern experiencing?
winter
69
How many phases of the moon are there?
8
70
What are the first 4 phases of the moon? (days?)
1. New Moon (0) (28) 2. Waxing crescent (4) 3. First Quarter (7) 4. Waxing Gibbous (8)
71
What are the second 4 phases of the moon? (Days?)
1. Full moon (14) 2. Waning Gibbous (16) 3. Third Quarter (22) 4. Waning Crescent (23)
72
Why does the moon change phases?
From the different angles of the sun and the shadows of the earth
73
Do we see different faces of the moon? Why?
no, because the moons rotation is equal to it's orbit around the earth
74
Waxing?
growing
75
Waning?
Shrinking
76
What side of the moon shows during Waxing?
The right
77
What side of the moon shows during Waning?
The left
78
How fast is the earths rotation compared to the moons?
much faster

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