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Grade 9 Science - Part 2 Ecology Flashcards

0
Q

What ate the 2 processes in which causes carbon to enter the atmosphere?

A
  1. Respiration from animals

2. Burning fossil fuels

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1
Q

What ate the 2 processes in which causes water to enter the atmosphere?

A
  1. Evaporation

2. Transpiration

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2
Q

Transpiration?

A

When water evaporates from the surface of plants

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3
Q

What would happen if all bacteria and fungi became extinct?

A

after death animals’ energy would cone to a halt and eventually everything would die off

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4
Q

What are the 2 complementary processes?

A
  1. Respiration

2. Photosynthesis

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5
Q

Why is photosynthesis and respiration known as complementary processes?

A

They both allows needed substances to go to living things just in different ways

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6
Q

Photosynthesis?

A

The act in which a plant creates food by converting the sun’s energy into chemical energy

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7
Q

Respiration?

A

The act in which a plant converts oxygen and glucose to carbon dioxide and water

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8
Q

What would happen if plants stopped their respiratory?

A

There would be nothing to convert our exhaled carbon dioxide to oxygen so eventually we would die of lack of oxygen

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9
Q

Water cycle?

A

First water evaporates from a wet land or transpires from plants into a cloud. Then the water condenses and transfers the water through precipitation. The water than gets absorbs into the ground creating ground water. Finally it appears back to the wet lands

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10
Q

Carbon cycle?

A

Starts out in the soil and either gets transferred through fossil fuel burning, reparation or photosynthesis. Then it transfers to a wet land where it slowly sedimentations back go the soil

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11
Q

What’s the word equation for respiration?

A

Respiration = Carbon dioxide + water

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12
Q

Whats the word equation for photosynthesis?

A

Photosynthesis = oxygen + glucose

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13
Q

How are similar species able to coexist with minimal competition?

A

This is done because organisms pf similar species go for separate pray

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14
Q

What are the three adaptations that pray use to avoid predators

A
  1. Scent
  2. Taste
  3. Colour
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15
Q

Mutualism?

A

The act of a species benefiting from the activity of another different species.

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16
Q

Commercialism?

A

When one organism benefits from the other without effecting it

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17
Q

Parasitism?

A

When one organism benefits while the other is harmed

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18
Q

Abiotic?

A

a non-living thing

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19
Q

Biotic?

A

a living thing

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20
Q

nutrient?

A

Food or anything that gives an organism energy

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21
Q

Photosynthesis?

A

The act of a plant converting the energy from the sun into chemical energy.

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22
Q

Nutrient Cycle?

A

The act of exchanging an organic back into the production of living matter

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23
Q

Cellular Respiration?

A

The act of a plant inhaling carbon dioxide/water and exhaling oxygen/glucose

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24
Reservoir?
A host that can harbour pathogenic organisms without self injury but may cause harm to other individuals.
25
Energy Pyramids?
a pyramid that demonstrates the level of energy and where the energy goes throughout an ecosystem
26
Organic Matter?
The matter composed of organic remains
27
Competition?
a harmful interaction between 2 different species regarding food, water, and territory.
28
Predator?
The act of an organism that is hunting for its meal
29
Prey?
The act of an organism that is being hunted as a meal
30
Predation?
The act of a predator hunting its prey
31
Symbiosis?
The act of 2 organisms associating which usually results in a mutual benefit for both members
32
Carrying Capacity?
The max a population's size can be before the resources start to cause the population to decrease
33
Limited Factor?
The factor that limits the growth, abundance, or distribution of an organisms population
34
Ecology?
The science that observes the relation between organisms and their environment
35
Ecologist?
A person that studies ecology
36
Ecosystem?
Everything that exist in a particular environment
37
Carnivore?
An animal that only consumes other animals
38
Herbivore?
An animal that only consumes plants
39
Omnivore?
An animal that consumes both plants and animals
40
Detrivore?
An organism that consumes other dead organism
41
Decomposer?
An organism that decomposes dead organisms
42
Primary Consumer?
Herbivores
43
What level on the food chain is the primary consumers?
level 2
44
Secondary Consumers?
Omnivores
45
What level on the food chain is the secondary consumers?
level 3
46
Tertiary Consumers?
Carnivores
47
What level on the food chain is the tertiary consumers?
level 4
48
Species?
A group of organisms that are similar and can reproduce
49
Population?
A group of organisms who live in one area
50
Community?
An assemblance of population of two or more different species occupying an area
51
Niche?
The function of an organism within an ecosystem
52
Producer?
Organisms that can produce their own energy, in other words plants
53
Consumers?
Organism that need to consume other organisms to gain energy, in other words animals
54
Scavenger?
An organism that mainly consumes dead organisms
55
Food Chain?
A series of living things in which each on uses the next lower member of that series for energy
56
Food Web?
The totality of interacting food chains in an ecological community or ecosystem
57
Biotic Factor?
Any living thing that affects the population of another organism
58
Abiotic Factor?
Any non-living thing that affect the population of another organism
59
Biome?
A large community of organisms that occupy a distinct region
60
Biosphere?
The parts of earth that allows existing life to exist
61
Atmosphere?
The mixture of gasses surrounding the earth
62
Hydrosphere?
The parts of the world that are composed of water
63
Lithosphere?
The parts of the world that are composed of rock
64
What are Canada's 5 biomes?
1. Tundra 2. Boreal Forest 3. Grassland 4. Temperate Deciduous 5. Mountain Forest
65
Sustainability?
The capacity of sustaining a specie future generation
66
Habitat Change?
A significant change that occurs in a habitat that affects the inhabitants
67
Overexploitation?
The act of over harvesting a resource to the point where it diminishes
68
Pollution?
The act of humans creating a harmfully artificial input that negatively affects the environment
69
Invasive Species
A type of species that reproduces rapidly and enables other species to live in their area
70
Climate change?
The significant change in a certain climate that impacts an ecosystem
71
Pesticides?
An artificial chemical that kills unwanted organisms
72
Heavy Metals?
A highly atomic metallic element that can damage living organisms at a low concentration
73
Bioaccumulation?
The toxins that accumulated as you move up the food chain
74
Biomagnification?
The effects of the toxins increase the higher you are on the food chain/web
75
Biodiversity?
The variability of all living organisms
76
Genetic Diversity?
The number of genetic characteristics in a species
77
Extinction?
A species that no longer exists anywhere on earth
78
Extirpated?
A species that no longer exists anywhere within a certain region, but may be found else where
79
Endangered?
A species that is near extirpation
80
Threatened?
A species that is near endangerment if nothing changes
81
Vulnerable?
A species population is decreasing
82
What is the order of Species at risk from most at risk to least?
Extinct, extirpated, endangered, threatened, vulnerable
83
Special Concern?
An organism at great risk
84
In-situ Conservation?
The genetic resources in an organisms population within a conservation
85
ex-situ Conservation?
The genetic resources in an organisms popularisation outside of a conservation
86
Ecological Footprint?
The impact humans have on a certain ecosystem
87
How does Overexploitation impact the enviorment?
1. That resource that was harvested is now gone and will either never come back or will take a very long time to
88
What are the three negative impact to logging in the boreal forest?
1. mining 2. oil and gas exploration 3. Hydroelectric Development
89
What ate the 6 factors affecting the risk status of animals?
1. Size 2. Diet 3. Biotic potential 4. Range of species 5. Range of individual 6. Human interaction
90
Good size?
Small
91
Good diet?
Herbivores
92
Good biotic potential?
High birth rate
93
Good range of species?
Large area
94
Good range of individual?
Small range?
95
Good human interaction?
Low
96
What level on a trophic food chain contains the most energy and bioaccumulation?
The highest organism on the food chain
97
How does nitrogen help organisms?
By building amino acids, protein, and DNA
98
How do organisms use nitrogen?
By splitting apart individual nitrogen atoms so they can combine other atoms to form different conpounds
99
Nitrogen Fixation/nitrification?
The process of converting nitrogen gas into a compound
100
What is required to do nitrification?
Energy
101
What are the 3 ways of nitrifications?
1. Atmospheric nitrogen fixation 2. Biological nitrogen fixation 3. Industrial nitrogen fixation
102
Atmospheric nitrogen fixation?
Occurs when lightning

Flash Cards (32 decks)

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