Gram + Cocci - Treatments Flashcards
Treatment for Staph aureus endocarditis?
Gentamycin
Prophylactic treatment for Staph epidermidis (especially in orthopedic surgery)?
Nafcillin
Why can Staph aureus be difficult to treat?
Development of multidrug-resistant strains (MRSA - methicillin-resistant Staph aureus)
Recurrent Staph aureus furuncles are treated with…
Drainage and tetracycline
What are preferred antibiotics for Staph aureus?
Nafcillin, oxacillin, cefazolin (NOT MRSA)
Treatment for MRSA?
SxT, clindamycin, doxycyline, linezolid
If severe, vancomycin
Treatment for VR-MRSA (vancomycin-resistant)?
Daptomycin (cubicin)
Treatment for Staph saprophyticus?
Quinolones, SxT, amoxicillin/clavicillin
Treatment for Strep pyogenes (all Group A)?
Penicillin G
- Acute rheumatic fever and glomerulonephritis will also require anti-inflammatories
Long-term penicilin G prophylaxis for RF patients to prevent recurrence
Treatment for Strep agalactiae (Group B)
- To mother before delivery if positive
- Prophylactically to premature baby
Ceph III OR ampicillin + streptomycin
Treatment for Enterococci
- Enterococci faecalis
- Enterococci faecium
Multidrug-resistant, very often (no SxT, beta-lactams)
High dose penicillin + aminoglycoside
Often vancomycin-resistant, but it’s an option
Treatment for Strep bovis?
Penicillin or ceftriaxone
Treatment for Strep viridans?
Long-term, high dose penicillin / vancomycin
Prophylaxis before / after oral surgery
Describe the vaccines for Strep pneumoniae.
PPSV23 for adults: T-indep., so less strong but wider range
PCV13 for infants, adults cases of pneumococcal meningitis: T-dep., so stronger, but more limited range
Treatment for Strep pneumo?
Fluoroquinolones OR ceph III + macrolides
Save vancomycin for tough cases to avoid development of resistance
