Virulence Factors Flashcards
(48 cards)
1
Q
Mycobacteria tuberculosis
A
- Serpentine cord formation (cord factor)
- Mycolic acids prevent attack by lysozyme, complement
- LAM: stimulates host cytokines, TNF, IL-6
2
Q
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
A
- Proline-rich adhesion (adhere to cells)
- Protein-M: block antibody
- **Production of oxygen radicals
3
Q
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
A
- AB toxin: B binds to receptor; A ADP-ribosylates EF-2 –> stop protein synthesis
- High Fe will repress toxic effects
4
Q
Bordetella pertussis
A
- Filamentous hemaglutinin: phagocytosed in macrophages
- Ciliary stasis of mucus escalator
- AB toxin: ADP-ribosylates inhibitory G-protein –> increase in cAMP
- Tracheal cytotoxin
- LPS
5
Q
Haemophilus influenzae
A
- LOS
- IgA protease
- **PRP capsule (type b)
Most symptoms from T-cell activation by PG and bacterial replication
6
Q
Legionella pneumophila
A
- Type II and Type IV secretion
- Activates macrophage coiling phagocytosis of bacterium
- Prevent phagolysosome fusion
- Release blebs of LPS
7
Q
EPEC
A
- Attachment protein
- inhibit water uptake
8
Q
ETEC
A
- CFA adhesion pili
9
Q
EHEC
A
- Shiga-like toxin: AB toxin protein synthesis inhibitor (becomes systemic)
10
Q
EIEC
A
- Invasive colonization factors
11
Q
EAEC
A
- Aggregative pili –> infective foci
12
Q
Salmonella
A
- Cytotoxic enterotxin
- Typhoid toxin: ADP-ribosylate G-protein; damage DNA
13
Q
Shigella
A
- Lyse phagolysosome and replicated in MQ (release IL-1)
- Shiga enterotoxin disrupts protein synthesis
- Spread via actin tails
- Type III secretion
14
Q
Yersinia pestis
A
- Type III secretion
- Inhibit MAP kinase (prevent cytokine production and cell replication)
- Prevent phagocytosis
- Prevent platelet aggregation
15
Q
Vibrio cholerae
A
- AB toxin: A with ADP-ribosylate G-protein to increase cAMP
16
Q
Vibrio parahemolyticus
A
- Biofilms, T3SS, T6SS, hemolytic/cytotoxic enterotoxin
17
Q
Vibrio vulnificus
A
- Necrotizing cytotoxin, antiphagocytic capsule
18
Q
Campylobacter jejuni
A
- Inflammatory enterotoxin
19
Q
Campylobacter fetus
A
- Inhibit complement fixation by C3b
20
Q
Helicobacter pylori
A
- Bind base of mucosa
- Bind O bloodgroup antigen
- Urease buffer to raise pH
- VacA: anion channel, vacuolation of epithelial cells, inhibit T cells
- CagA (ulcers)
21
Q
Treponema pallidum
A
- Hyaluronidase
- Few surface proteins (hides)
- Tertiary is a hyperimmune response
22
Q
Neisseria gonorrhea
A
- Pili, Opa (antigenic variation)
- Por (no phagolysosome fusion), Rmp (prevent Ab binding to other parts), IgA protease
- **LOS
- Fbp (scavenges Fe)
23
Q
Neisseria meningiditis
A
- gonorrhea, plus…
- Antiphagocytic capsule
- Pili to cross BBB
24
Q
Chlamydia trachomatis
A
- Invasiveness from elementary bodies
- Inhibit phagolysosome fusion
- Induce cytokines
25
Borrelia recurrentis, hermsii
- Antigenic variation (up and down fever)
26
Borrelia burgdorferi
- Doesn't say much! No antigenic variation though
27
Coxiella burnetti
- Infects lung epithelia
28
Ehrlichia, Anaplasma
- Infect leukocytes
29
Rickettsia
- Grow in cytoplasm
| - Endothelial pathogen
30
Bacillus cereus
- Emetic toxin
| - Enterotoxins: hemolytic, non-hemolytic, cytotoxin
31
Bacillus anthracis
- AB toxin (A part has LF for MAP kinase protease and EF for making cAMP)
32
Brucella
- LPS, PG, cytokines (growth)
| - Undulant fever due to release from macrophages
33
Francisella tularensis
- Grow in MQ and PMNs to high titer
- Resist complement
- LPS, PG
34
Pasteurella multocida
- **Antiphagocytic capsule
- Pili, adhesion, Fe-binding
- Crazy fast growth
35
Bartonella hensleae
- T4SS
| - Stimulate apoptosis of cells
36
Leptospria interrogans
- No toxin (just LPS, PG)
| - Damage to capillaries
37
Staphylococcus aureus
- PG, teichoic acids, Protein A (antigens)
- Coagulase
- Hyaluronidase, staphylokinase (tissue invasion)
- Hemolysins: alpha and beta toxins, leukocidin (PVL)
- Exfoliative toxin
- TSST-1: superantigen
- Enterotoxins (food poisoning)
- Quorum sensing (biofilms)
38
Streptococcus pyogenes
- M protein (heart reactivity)
- Antiphagocytic
- Streptokinase (dissolves fibrin)
- Streptdornase (DNAse)
- Hyaluronidase
- Exotoxins (scarlet fever, TSS)
- Hemolysins
39
Streptococcus pneumoniae
- Tissue colonization
| - IgA protease
40
Listeria monocytogenes
- Intracellular growth: internalin
- Break out of phagolysosomes
- Actin polymerization
41
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- Adhesion pili
- Persister strains
- LPS
- T3SS
- Exotoxins A (EF-2) and S (signal apoptosis)
- Elastase
- Pyocyanin / pyochelin: toxic O2 radicals
42
Bacteroides fragilis
- Antiphagocytic
| - Neuraminidase, heparinase
43
Prevotella melaninogenica
- Collagenase
44
Clostridium botulinum
- AB neurotoxin: B binds motor endplates; A block release of ACh by cleaving synaptobrevin (necessary for fusion of synaptic vesicle)
45
Clostridium tetani
- AB neurtoxin: retrograde transport and prevent GABA release
46
Clostridium perfringens
- Alpha-toxin: phopholipase for membranes
- Hyaluronidase, collagenase
- Beta-toxin for enteritis necroticans
- Enterotoxin sometimes (like B. cereus)
- Gas from fermentations
47
Clostridium difficile
- Toxin A: enterotoxin; fluid accumulation
| - Toxin B: cytotoxin; kill gut epithelial cells
48
Aeromonas hydrophila, Plesiomonas shigelloides
- LPS, PG (typical G-)
- ACT toxin (lyse cells, increase cAMP)
- Pili to attach to gut epithelium
