Gram-negative Flashcards by Stephanie Co

Gram negative
Insignificant capsule
Ferments glucose ONLY

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

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Gram negative diplococci
Kidney-bean shape
Encapsulated
Ferments maltose AND glucose

Neisseria meningitidis

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DOC Neisseria meningitidis

Penicillin G

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MCC meningitis in ages 2-18

Neisseria meningitidis

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Most severe form of meningococcemia

(+) bilateral adrenal insufficiency/destruction

Waterhouse-friderichsen syndrome

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Causes of Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome (2)

Neisseria meningitidis
Strep pneumoniae (less common)

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DOC Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Ceftriaxone

Add: doxycycline (if suspect chlamidya)

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Thayer-Martin medium

Neisseria gonnorhoeae

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MCC urethritis

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

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MCC Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

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Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome (perihepatitis)

Violin-sting adhesions

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

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MCC septic arthritis in sexually active adults

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

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Bordet-gengou agar

Regan-Lowe agar

Bordetella pertussis

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Agar for identification of Haemophilus influenzae

Enriched CHOCOLATE AGAR with: 
Factor X (hemin)
Factor V (NAD)

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Thumb sign

Haemophilus influenzae

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MCC epiglottitis

Cherry red epiglottis

Haemophilus influenzae

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DOC Haemophilus influenzae

Ceftriaxone

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Phase of the Bordetella pertussis natural history when there is highest population and highest yield for culture

Catarrhal phase

Natural history: incubation -> catarrhal -> paroxysmal (leukocytosis) -> convalescent

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DOC Bordetella pertussis

Erythromycin

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Silver stain

Charcoal yeast extract agar

Legionella pneumophila

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DOC Legionella pneumophila

Macrolides (azithromycin/erythromycin)

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Pontiac fever

Legionella pneumophila

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Gram negative

Green metallic sheen

E. coli

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Gram negative
Lactose fermenter
Urease positive
Extended spectrum beta-lactamase

Klebsiella pneumoniae

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Shooting star motility

Vibrio cholerae

Comma shaped Motile Gram negative Oxidase-positive

Vibrio cholerae

Comma shaped Microaerophillic Gram negative (2)

Campylobacter jejuni | Helicobacter pylori

PUD associated | Urease positive

Helicobacter pylori

Skirrows agar

Campylobacter jejuni

Swarming motility

Proteus mirabilis

Grape like odor | Pyocyanin (blue-green pigment)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Fast lactose fermenters

Citrobacter Klebsiella E. coli Enterobacter

Slow lactose fermenters

Citrobacter | Serratia

EMB or MacConkey's agar

E. coli

MCC community-acquired and nosocomial UTI

E. coli

Neonatal meningitis pathogens (3)

B group strep (S agalactiae) E. coli Listeria monocytogenes

Travelers diarrhea

ETEC

Hemolytic uremic syndrome, hemorrhagic colitis, bloody diarrhea

EHEC

Specific cause of EHEC

E. coli O157:H7

Causes if ATYPICAL pneumonia (3)

``` Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MCC) Legionella pneumoniae Chlamidya pneumoniae/chlamidophilia ```

Widal test

Salmonella spp. *test is no longer used

XLD (xylose lysine deoxycholate) medium

Salmonella & Shigella

DOC Salmonella

Ceftriaxone Philippines: amoxicillin, chloramphenicol, co-trimoxazole

Antigen seen in S typhi infection

Vi capsular antigen

DOC Salmonella carriage in the gallbladder

Ampicillin

Best culture source for typhoid fever (per week of illness)

1 blood 2 urine 3 stool 4 bone marrow Chronic carrier bile, stool, bone marrow

Gram negative rods Non lactose fermenting Non motile Has O antigens

Shigella

Most common cause of bacillary dysentery

Shigella sonnei (Duval's bacillus)

Most severe form of bacillary dysentery

Shigella dysenteriae type 1 (Shiga bacillus)

Most common cause of epidemic dysentery

Shigella dysenteriae type 1 (Shiga bacillus)

Comma shaped gram negative rods | Motile

Vibrio

Vibrio is cultured on what medium?

Thiosulfate citrate bile salts sucrose (TCBS)

Cause of vibrio cholera pandemic?

Vibrio cholera O1 bio type El Tor (cholera El Tor)

Rice water stools

Vibrio cholera

DOC Cholera

Tetracycline

Most common cause of bacterial gastroenteritis

Campylobacter jejuni

Uveitis, urethritis, arthritis

Reiter's syndrome

Microaerophillic gram negative rod | Urease positive

Helicobacter pylori

Urease positive bacteria (4)

Helicobacter pylori Proteus mirabilis Klebsiella pneumoniae Ureaplasma urealyticum

Currant jelly sputum

Klebsiella pneumoniae

MCC pneumonia in alcoholics

Klebsiella pneumoniae

Cetrimide agar

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Habitat of environmental water sources and even sterile water

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Hot tub folliculitis

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

MCC Otitis externa, malignant otitis externa in diabetics, CSOM

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Only 3rd gen cephalosporin that can be given to Pseudomonas infection

Ceftazidime

Predominant anaerobe of the human colon

Bacteroides fragilis

2nd gen cephalosporin with anaerobic coverage

Cefoxitin