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Microbiology 🦠🧫🔬 > Gram Positive Bacilli 3 ,4 > Flashcards

Gram Positive Bacilli 3 ,4 Flashcards

1
Q

Anaerobic spore forming gram positive rods

A

Cholstridium

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2
Q

Chlistridium that causes gas gangrene and food poisoning

A

Cholstridium perfrngnes

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3
Q

causing pseudomembranous colitis

A

Cl.difficile

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4
Q

Cholstridium that produce Neurotoxin effect

A

C.botulinum C.tetani

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5
Q

Cholstridium that produce Enterotoxic and histotoxin ?

A

Cl.perfringene

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6
Q

Gram +
• Rod shaped
• Spore-forming
• Drum stick shape(tennis racket)
• Non invasive

A

Clostridium tetani

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7
Q

The spores are present in the soil (from animals
and human excreta).

A

C. tetani

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8
Q

The spores germinate to the vegetative form in which species

A

Cholstridium

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9
Q

Spores usually enter through accidental puncture wounds,
burns, and crushed body parts. • Umbilical stumps (tetanus neonatrum). • Uterine wound after labor or abortion. • Animal bite

A

Clostridium tetani

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10
Q

potent exotoxin (a neurotoxin),
which reaches the CNS via the blood stream and
along the nerve axons (toxaemia not bacteraemia).

A

Tetanospasmin

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11
Q

toxin blocks the release of inhibitory
neurotransmitters( acetylcholine esterase)(e.g
glycine) resulting in accumulation of acetylcholine
which causes, tonic spasm of the jaw muscles (lock
jaw or trismus).Spasm of face muscles(risus
sardonicus )

A

Tetanospasmin toxin

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12
Q

Tetanospasmin toxin by , at ?

A

The vegetative forms of C. tetani multiply at the site of
infection

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13
Q

Lock jaw (stiffness in the jaw muscles with
difficulty to open the mouth). • Stiffness descends to the rest of the body • Convulsions • Death due to respiratory failure

A

Tetanus caused by cholistridium tetani

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14
Q

The diagnosis of clostridium tetani start with ?

A

Clinical picture and history of injury and antitoxin is administered without delay

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15
Q

Specimen site of cholstridium tetani is taken from?

A

Deep of the wound - the bacteria is anaerobe

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16
Q

G+ve long bacilli with terminal
bulging spores?

A

Cholstridium tetani

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17
Q

Cultural characteristics of Cholistridium tetani?

A

Anaerobic condition
-Blood agar with air tight anaerobe jar
-Robertson cooked meat medium

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18
Q

First step of tetanus treatment?

A

Antitoxin

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19
Q

Antibiotic choice for treating tetanus

A

Penicillin or metronidazole

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20
Q

Active Immunization of tetanus?

A

With formalin inactivated toxin (tetanus toxoid) is performed and
given with diphtheria toxoid and killed pertussis bacteria (DTaP)

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21
Q

antitoxic serum to wounded persons without previous
history of vaccination.

A

Passive immunization

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22
Q

most frequent clostridia
18
involved in soft tissue and wound infections • Spores found in soil, human skin, intestine, and
vagina. • Predisposing factors – surgical incisions,
compound fractures, diabetic ulcers, septic
abortions, puncture wounds, gunshot wounds

A

Clostridium perfringens

23
Q

Toxin that damages the cell membrane including erythrocyte and produce cell lysis ?

A

Alpha toxin ( lecithinase )

24
Q

produce gas in tissues.

A

Degeradative enzyme in gas gangerna case

25
Q

Organisms grow in traumatized tissue (especially muscle) and usually associated with extensive laceration and
decreased oxygen supply to vital tissues.

A

Gas gangrene

26
Q

Clinical features
• Pain • Oedema • Blackening and bad odour • Toxemia • Shock • Death
Are associated with?

A

Gas gangrene caused by cholistridium perfringene

27
Q

Myonecrosis is caused by which organism ?

A

Cholistridium perferingen

28
Q

Cholistridium that may caused food poisoning

A

Clostridium perferingene

29
Q

The organisms cholistridium perfringene are cultured anaerobically and then identified ?

A

-By sugar fermentation reaction with acid and gas production

30
Q

Nagler reaction for cholistridium perferingen is positive due to ?

A

It lecithinase effect on egg yolk agar

31
Q

Cholistridium perfeingen are cultrified on ?

A

Blood agar (b-hemolytic)
and Robertson cooked meat medium

32
Q

Stormy clot reaction of choistridium perfreingen ?

A

Positive

33
Q

Antibiotic for cholistridium perferingen

A

Cephalosporin or penicillin

34
Q

neuroparalytic disease ?

A

Botulism

35
Q

blocks the
release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular
junctions,causing flaccid paralysis.

A

potent protein toxin released
from C. botulinum

36
Q

Canned food provides the appropriate anaerobic
environment required for germination of the
spores of?

A

C. botulinum.

37
Q

Double vision, dropping eyelids, difficulty
speaking and swallowing • muscle weakness leads to paralysis • paralysis of respiratory muscles leads to
respiratory failure and death in 5% of cases

A

Botulism

38
Q

Infant botulism ( floppy baby) is caused by?

A

Ingestion of honey containedcl.botulinum spores

39
Q

Which organism is usually not cultured ?

A

Cholistridium botulinum

40
Q

Tests for direct toxin detection:

A
  • animal pathologically
    -Enzyme-linked immunoassay (EIA)
    -pcr
41
Q

Treatment of botulism ?

A

Intravenous or intramuscular administration
of botulinum antitoxin

42
Q

causes antibiotic (Clindamycin and
cephalosporin) associated diarrhea and
pseudomembranous enterocolitis.

A

Clostridium difficile

43
Q

Drug resistant C.difficile proliferate and
produces 2 types of toxins are ?

A

-A (enterotoxin)
-B (cytotoxin)

44
Q

What test detects the exotoxin itself :

A

ElISA

45
Q

What test detects the genes that encode the exotoxin?

A

PCR

46
Q

What is the basis of cholistridium difficle ?

A

The presence of exotoxins in the filtrate of a patient’s stool
specimen

47
Q

An 85-year-old man is hospitalized for community- acquired pneumonia. He is treated with penicillin, and over the next week he feels that he is slowly recovering. On hospital day 10, he develops a low- grade fever, watery diarrhea, and lower abdominal
pain.
What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Antibiotic associated colitis

48
Q

Infected pressure sores were observed on the buttock of an elderly, bedridden patient recently treated for a malignancy of the rectum. Some of the lesions are necrotic, painful to the touch, and readily give off a musty odor. Moreover, A Gram stain of the watery discharge from one of the lesions reveals an abundance of bacteria (shown in the photograph).
1-What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Gas gangrene

49
Q

Infected pressure sores were observed on the buttock of an elderly, bedridden patient recently treated for a malignancy of the rectum. Some of the lesions are necrotic, painful to the touch, and readily give off a musty odor. Moreover, A Gram stain of the watery discharge from one of the lesions reveals an abundance of bacteria (shown in the photograph).

Describe the morphology ofthe organism?

A

Gram positive rods spore forming anaerobe

50
Q

Infected pressure sores were observed on the buttock of an elderly, bedridden patient recently treated for a malignancy of the rectum. Some of the lesions are necrotic, painful to the touch, and readily give off a musty odor. Moreover, A Gram stain of the watery discharge from one of the lesions reveals an abundance of bacteria

write the name of the causative organism

A

Cholistredium perferingene

51
Q

What are the result of the biochemical reactions of the following for cholistreidium perferingene?

a- Stormy clot of milk
b-Gelatin liquifaction-
C- Naglers reaction’

A

Positive

52
Q

Your patient is a 65-year-old woman who is several days post-op following removal of her carcinoma of the colon. She now spikes ,a fever and has a cough, and chest X-ray shows pneumonia.
While being treated with the appropriate antibiotics, she develops severe diarrhea. You suspect she may have pseudomembra-nous colitis. Which one of the following is the best antibiotic to treat the infection?
(A) Ceftriaxone
(B) Doxycycline
(C) Gentamicin
(D) Metronidazole
(E) ‘Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

A

Metronidazole

53
Q

Your patient is a 30-vear-old man who was brought to the emergency room following a motorcycle accident in which he sustained a compound fracture of his leg. He now has a high fever and a rapidly spreading cellulitis with crepitus in the area of the fracture. Large gram-positive rods are seen on the exudate.
Necrotic tissue was debrided. Which one of the following is the best antibiotic to treat the infection?
(A) Azithromycin
(B) Ciprofloxacin
(C) Gentamicin
(D) Penicillin G
(E) Vancomycin

A

Penicillin G or cephalosporin are choice treatment for chostridium perferingene

Microbiology 🦠🧫🔬 (9 decks)

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