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Microbiology > Gram Positive Cocci > Flashcards

Gram Positive Cocci Flashcards

1
Q

Color of Staph aureus when plated

A

gold

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2
Q

Catalase test in Staph aureus

A

Positive

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3
Q

Coagulase test in Staph aureus

A

Positive

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4
Q

Coagulase

A

Converts fibrinogen to fibrin

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5
Q

Colonization of Staph aureus

A

Nares

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6
Q

Complications of Staph aureus

A

Coughing pneumoniae
Most commonly a post viral infection
Septic arthritis
Cellulitis/furuncles/abscesses
Acute bacterial endocarditis (tricuspid)
Osteomyelitis

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7
Q

Toxin mediated diseases of Staph aureus

A

Scalding skin syndrome
Toxic shock syndrome
Rapid onset food poisoning
MRSA

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8
Q

Scaled skin syndrome

A

Skin peeing off
Mediated by exfoliating toxin (a protease)

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9
Q

Toxic shock syndrome

A

Non-specific binding of MHC2 to T-cell receptors
Cytokine storm

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10
Q

Rapid onset food poisoning

A

Vomiting rather than diarrhea
Meats and custards that are out to long

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11
Q

MRSA

A

Methicillin resistant staph aureus
Alters penicillin binding proteins
Vancomycin or naphcillin

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12
Q

Common sources of Staph epidermis

A

Prosthetic joint infection
Catheter associated infection
Artificial heart valves

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13
Q

How does Staph epidermis protect from antibiotics

A

Biofilm- sticks to surfaces

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14
Q

How is Staph epidermis treated

A

Vancomycin

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15
Q

Catalase test in Staph epidermis

A

Positive

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16
Q

Coagulase test in Staph epidermis

A

Negative

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17
Q

Associations with Staph saprophyticus

A

Honeymoon cystitis (UTI associated with sexual activity)
UTIs
Acute bacterial prostitis

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18
Q

Catalase test in Staph saprophyticus

A

Positive

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19
Q

Coagulate test in Staph saprophyticus

A

Negative

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20
Q

Strep Pyogenes group

A

Group A

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21
Q

Is Strep Pyogenes beta or alpha hemolytic

A

Beta

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22
Q

Infections caused by Strep Pyogenes

A

Impetigo
Pharyngitis (Strep throat)
Cellulitis

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23
Q

Conditions caused by Strep Pyogenes toxin

A

Scarlet fever
Toxic shock like syndrome
Necrotizing fasciitis

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24
Q

Scarlet fever

A

Reddening and swelling of the tongue (strawberry tongue)
Face rash
Pharyngitis

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25
Q

Associated symptoms with strep

A

Rheumatic fever
Post strep glomerular nephritis

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26
Q

Rheumatic fever type of sensitivity

A

Type 2

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27
Q

M protein

A

Positive with rheumatic fever
Anti-phagocytic
Strong humoral response
Own antibodies attack heart (mitral valve)

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28
Q

JONES factor (symptoms of rheumatic fever)

A

Joints (polyarthritis)
Heart (pericarditis)
Nodules (subcutaneous nodules)
Erythema marginatum
Sydenham’s chorea (rapid movements of hands and feet)

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29
Q

What does rheumatic fever ALWAYS follow

A

Pharyngitis

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30
Q

Post strep glomerular nephritis type of sensitivity

A

Type 3 hypersensitivity

31
Q

Post strep glomerular nephritis symptoms

A

Glomerular damage
Dark brown urine
Edema of the face

32
Q

When does Post strep glomerular nephritis occur

A

2 weeks after initial strep infection
Can occur from impetigo or pharyngitis

33
Q

Strep pyogenes virulence factors

A

Streptolysin O
Streptokinase
DNAases

34
Q

Streptolysin O

A

Lyse red blood cells and be beta hemolytic

35
Q

Streptokinase

A

Converts plasminogen to plasmin

36
Q

DNAases

A

Depolymerize DNA

37
Q

Strep Agalactiae group

A

Group B strep

38
Q

Strep Agalactiae in newborns can cause

A

Meningitis or sepsis

39
Q

Strep Agalactiae in pregnancy

A

Vaginal swab of ALL mothers at 35 weeks
Women can pass strep through the vagina to the new fetus

40
Q

Strep Agalactiae treatment

A

penicillin

41
Q

Hippurate test in Strep Agalactiae

A

Positive

42
Q

CAMP test in strep

A

Negative

43
Q

Is Strep Agalactiae beta or alpha hemolytic

A

Beta

44
Q

Strep Agalactiae outcomes

A

Pneumonia
Meningitis
Sepsis

45
Q

is Strep pneumonia alpha or beta hemolytic

A

Alpha

46
Q

is Strep pneumonia alpha or beta hemolytic

A

Alpha

47
Q

Strep pneumonia capsule

A

Polysaccharide

48
Q

Strep pneumonia sensitivity

A

Optochin

49
Q

Strep pneumonia shape

A

Lancet shape diplococci

50
Q

Strep pneumonia soluability

A

Bile soluable

51
Q

Strep pneumonia infections

A

Meningitis
Otitis media
Pneumonia
Sinusitis

52
Q

Strep pneumonia IgA protease test

A

Positive

53
Q

What makes you sensitive to Strep pneumonia

A

Sickle cell anemia

54
Q

Strep pneumonia vaccines in adults

A

23 valent polysaccharide vaccine
IgM response
T cell independent

55
Q

Strep pneumonia treatment

A

Macrolides or ceftriaxone

56
Q

Strep pneumonia vaccine in children

A

7 valent polysaccharide
More robust T cell response
IgG response

57
Q

Strep virdans capsulation

A

NONE

58
Q

Strep viridans and optochin’s

A

Not resistant

59
Q

Associations of Strep viridans

A

Dental caries
Subacute endocarditis (mitral valve)

60
Q

Pathogenesis of Strep viridans

A

Adhere to fibrin platelet aggregates via dextrans

61
Q

Strep Enterococcus group

A

Group D strep

62
Q

Two species

A

Faecium
Fecalis

63
Q

Enterococcus and bile resistance

A

Bile resistant

64
Q

3 common symptoms of enterococcus

A

UTI
Pericarditis
Biliary tree infections

65
Q

Antibiotic resistance of enterococcus

A

Resistant to everything (including vancomycin)
Can use linezolid or tigecycline

66
Q

Strep gallolyticus group

A

Group D strep

67
Q

Is Strep gallolyticus encapsulated

A

yes

68
Q

Is Strep gallolyticus alpha or beta hemolytic

A

Gamma
LOL got ya there

69
Q

Biofilm of Strep gallolyticus

A

Very good at making biofilm

70
Q

Where can Strep gallolyticus exist normally

A

In the GI tract flora

71
Q

Clinical relevance of Strep gallolyticus

A

Endocarditis
Hepatobiliary disease
Colorectal neoplasia

72
Q

What to think of first with Strep gallolyticus

A

COLON cancer

73
Q

Strep gallolyticus treatment

A

3rd gen cephalosporins
Vancomycin
Penicillin

Microbiology (5 decks)

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