Gram Positive Rods

Question 1

Aerobic, nonmotile, spore forming, box car shaped, medusa head morphology, poly-D glutamate capsule

Answer 1

Bacillus anthracis

Question 2

Aerobic, motile, spore forming, reheated fried rice (Chinese fried rice syndrome)

Answer 2

Bacillus cereus

Question 3

Anaerobic, tennis racket like, spore forming, causes spastic paralysis

Answer 3

Clostridium tetani

Question 4

Anaerobic, spore forming, bulging cans, causes flaccid paralysis

Answer 4

Clostridium botulinum

Question 5

Anaerobic, spore forming, lecithin loving, causes gas formation, double hemolysis, grows on egg yolk agar

Answer 5

Clostridium perfringens

Question 6

Anaerobic, spore forming, pseudomembranous colitis, antibiotic-associated diarrhea

Answer 6

Clostridium dificile

Question 7

Aerobic, nonmotile, non-spore forming, curved, chinese characters, pseudomembranous pharyngitis, black colonies on tellurite agar

Answer 7

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Question 8

Aerobic, curved, non-spore forming, tumbling motility

Answer 8

Listeria monocytogenes

Question 9

Contacted by inhalation of spores from animal hair and wool

Answer 9

Bacillus anthracis (Woolsorter’s disease)

Question 10

Bacillus anthracis virulence factor that causes cellular swelling

Answer 10

Edema factor (EF)

Question 11

Bacillus anthracis virulence factor that causes cellular necrosis

Answer 11

Lethal factor (LF)

Question 12

DOC for bacillus anthracis

Answer 12

Ciprofloxacin

Question 13

Causes emetic form of bacillus cereus infection, functions as a superantigen

Answer 13

Heat stable enterotoxin (staph-like)

Question 14

Causes diarrheal form of bacillus cereus infection, functions as an ADP ribosylator

Answer 14

Heat labile enterotoxin (cholera-like)

Question 15

Cleaves protein involved in the release of glycine from Renshaw cells in the spinal cord

Answer 15

Tetanus toxin (tetanospasmin)

Question 16

DOC for clostridium tetani

Answer 16

Penicillin G; Metronidazole in Harrison’s

Question 17

1. Toxin that blocks Ach release, causing flaccid paralysis; 2. Most common human subtypes (3)

Answer 17

1. Botulinum toxin

2. Types A, B, E

Question 18

Bulbar signs in botulism (4)

Answer 18

1. Diplopia 2. Dysarthria 3. Dysphonia 4. Dysphagia

Question 19

Triad of botulism

Answer 19

1. Symmetric descending flaccid paralysis (with bulbar involvement) 2. Absence of fever 3. Intact sensorium

Question 20

1. Causative organism for gas gangrene

2. Treatment for gas gangrene

Answer 20

1. Clostridium perfringens

2. Penicillin

Question 21

Most common antibiotics that cause C. dificile infection (3)

Answer 21

1. Clindamycin, 2. 2nd-3rd gen cephalosporins, 3. Ampicillin

Question 22

Toxins that mediate C. dificile pseudomembrane formation

Answer 22

Exotoxins A and B

Question 23

C. dificile can cause flare ups of _______.

Answer 23

Ulcerative colitis

Question 24

Tx for C. dificile pseudomembranous colitis

Answer 24

Metronidazole, oral vancomycin

Question 25

Paradoxical growth in cold temperature (18 C)

Answer 25

Listeria monocytogenes

Question 26

Virulence factors of listeria (3)

Answer 26

1. Internalin (for entering the cell), 2. Listeriolysin (for phagosome escape), 3. Actin rockets (to transfer from one cell to another)