Mycology

Question 1

Cell wall component of fungi

Answer 1

Chitin

Question 2

Major membrane sterol in fungi

Answer 2

Ergosterol

Question 3

Antifungal that inhibits ergosterol synthesis

Answer 3

Imidazoles (ketoconazole, miconazole, clotrimazole)

Question 4

Antifungals that bind tightly to ergosterol and create pores

Answer 4

Polyenes (amphotericin B)

Question 5

Live on dead organic material

Answer 5

Saprophytic or saprobic fungi

Question 6

Lives on another living organism

Answer 6

Parasitic fungi

Question 7

Single cells; replicate by budding

Answer 7

Yeast

Question 8

Have hyphae (septate or nonseptate) and mycelia; replicate by mitosis

Answer 8

Molds

Question 9

Property that allow fungi to grow as yeasts in tissues and molds at room temperature

Answer 9

Thermal dimorphism

Question 10

Amanita mushroom toxins (2)

Answer 10

1. Amantin, 2. Phylloidin

Question 11

Produces aflatoxin, causing liver CA

Answer 11

Aspergillus flavus

Question 12

Laboratory diagnoses of fungi (2)

Answer 12

1. KOH, 2. Saboraud’s agar

Question 13

Antifungal that inhibits glucan synthesis (component of cell wall)

Answer 13

Echinocandins (caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin)

Question 14

Inhibits conversion of squalene to lanosterol in ergosterol synthesis

Answer 14

Terbinafine, naftifine, amorolfine

Question 15

Inhibits mitosis by affecting microtubule function

Answer 15

Griseofulvin

Question 16

Affects fungal DNA synthesis

Answer 16

Flucytosine

Question 17

Dermatophytes (3)

Answer 17

1. Microsporum canis
2. Trichophyton tonsurans
3. Epidermophyton floccosum

Question 18

Hypersensitivity reaction that occurs a distance away from the original site

Answer 18

Dermatophytid reaction

Question 19

Athlete’s foot

Answer 19

Tinea pedis

Question 20

Jock itch

Answer 20

Tina cruris

Question 21

Dermatophytosis commonly seen in children

Answer 21

Tinea capitis

Question 22

Facial hair dermatophytosis

Answer 22

Tinea barba

Question 23

Tinea versicolor; spaghetti and meatballs morphology

Answer 23

Malassezia furfur

Question 24

Dimorphic fungus that commonly affects rose gardeners

Answer 24

Sporothrix schenckii

Question 25

Arthrospores (mold form) form spherules (yeast form), causing granulomata in the bones and CNS, erythema nodosum ("desert bumps"); also known as Valley fever

Answer 25

Coccidioides immitis

Question 26

Antifungal that crosses the blood brain barrier; used in cases of fungal meningitis

Answer 26

Fluconazole

Question 27

Dimorphic fungus; from bird droppings and bat guano; inhalation of microconidia causes TB-like illness; budding yeasts are found inside macrophages

Answer 27

Histoplasma capsulatum

Question 28

Round yeast with broad based bud; most common cause of fungal pneumonia

Answer 28

Blastomyces dermatitidis

Question 29

Thick yeast with multiple buds in wheel configuration (mariner's wheel); causes chronic pneumonia with painful ulcers in men only

Answer 29

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Estrogen inhibits its growth AKA Lutz-Splendore de Almeida disease or "man-hater fungus"

Question 30

Oval yeast with a single bud or pseudohyphae

Answer 30

Candida albicans

Question 31

Oral thrush, vulvovaginitis with curd-like discharge, intertrigo, satellite lesions on skin, onychomycosis

Answer 31

Candida infection in the immunocompetent

Question 32

Pseudomembranous esophagitis, endocarditis, subcutaneous nodules

Answer 32

Candida infection in the immunocompromised

Question 33

Oval yeast with narrow based bud that grows in bird (pigeon) droppings; can cause asymptomatic lung infection, meningitis, or encephalitis

Answer 33

Cryptococcus neoformans

Question 34

Technique/dye used to visualize cryptococcus neoformans

Answer 34

India ink (nigrosin)

Question 35

Exist only as molds with septate hyphae that form acute angles (V shaped configuration)

Answer 35

Aspergillus fumigatus

Question 36

Can form fungus balls in lung cavities; causes asthma-like allgeric bronchopulmonary illness with expectoration of brownish bronchial plugs

Answer 36

Aspergillus fumigatus

Question 37

Saprophytic molds with nonseptate hyphae that form right angles

Answer 37

Rhizopus oryzae and Mucor spp

Question 38

Rhino-orbital-cerebral infection with eschar formation in patients with DKA, burns or leukemia

Answer 38

Mucormycosis (Rhizopus oryzae and Mucor spp)

Question 39

Most common AIDS-defining illness (at CD4

Answer 39

Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia

Question 40

Indeterminate organism with a surface glycoprotein undergoes programmed rearrangements; induces an inflammatory response producing a frothy exudate that causes VQ mismatch in the lungs

Answer 40

Pneumocystis jiroveci

Question 41

DOC for PCP

Answer 41

TMP-SMX