Grammar

Question 1

Pronoun

Answer 1

A word which is used rather than a noun (eg. he, she, they, it, myself, anyone, nothing, I, you)

Question 2

Verb

Answer 2

A word which shows action (eg. dance, singing, running), that something is happening (eg. became, is) or state of being (eg. suspect, believe, likes)

Question 3

Definite Article

Answer 3

Known identities

Question 4

Indefinite Article

Answer 4

Unknown identities

Question 5

Adjective

Answer 5

A word which describes attributes of another. Also known as modifiers (eg. happy, blue, little, lovely)

Question 6

Noun

Answer 6

A word which refers to people, places or things (eg. Hereford, Emma, desk, pen)

Question 7

Adverb

Answer 7

A word that modifies other adverbs, adjectives or verbs. Also known as modifiers (eg. just, softly, so, very)

Question 8

Preposition

Answer 8

Tells you where/when something is in relation to something else. Man often indicate location (eg. on, amongst, in)

Question 9

Idiolect

Answer 9

Our distinctive and individual style of speaking which is influenced by our personal and social identities

Question 10

Copula Verb

Answer 10

Linking verbs, they are used to join an adjective or noun to the subject of the sentence. ‘Jane IS hungry’ - IS is the copula verb and hungry is the adjective.

Question 11

Infinitive

Answer 11

Basic form of a verb. Infinitive phrases have the particle ‘to’ followed by the basic form of the verb (eg. To love)- to is the infinitive particle and love is the infinitive phrase.

Question 12

Infinitive

Answer 12

Basic form of a verb. Infinitive phrases have the particle ‘to’ followed by the basic form of the verb (eg. To love)- to is the infinitive particle and love is the infinitive phrase.

Question 13

Standard vs Non-Standard English

Answer 13

Standard English- the ‘correct’ form of the language.

Non-standard English- variants which aren’t deemed correct (eg. Should of instead of should have)

Question 14

Minor Sentences/ Elliptical Sentences

Answer 14

Incomplete sentences that convey a meaning without a main verb (eg. Going to shop)

Question 15

Contractions

Answer 15

Words abbreviated (eg, ain’t, shouldn’t)

Question 16

Double Negative

Answer 16

Using two or more negative elements in a sentence (eg. He don’t know nothing)

Question 17

Intensifiers

Answer 17

Modifiers used over/ underestimate something. We HIGH DEGREE INTENSIFIERS (eg. ‘really’, ‘very’) and LOW DEGREE INTENSIFIERS (eg. ‘quite’, ‘just’)

Question 18

Intensifiers

Answer 18

Modifiers used to over/underestimate something.

High degree intensifiers- ‘really’, ‘very’

Low degree intensifiers- ‘quite’, ‘just’

Question 19

Modal auxiliary verbs

Answer 19

Verbs which assist the main verb of a sentence. There are 10: can, could, may, might, must, ought, shall, should, will, would

Question 20

Grammar

Answer 20

The whole system and structure of language

Question 21

Interrogatives

Answer 21

Sentences that ask questions (eg. Where are you going?)

Question 22

Imperatives

Answer 22

Sentences that give authoritative commands or instructions (eg. Close the door)

Question 23

Declaritives

Answer 23

Sentences that makes statements (eg. The cat is on the mat)

Question 24

Simple Sentences

Answer 24

Built from one clause

Question 25

Compound Sentences

Answer 25

Made up of two main clauses that are connected by a coordinating conjunction

Question 26

Complex Sentences

Answer 26

Made up of a main clause and a subordinate clause that are connected by a subordinating conjunction

Question 27

Conditional Clauses

Answer 27

Clauses which begin with ‘if’ or ‘unless’ to create cause and effect (eg. If you are hungry, you should eat an apple)

Question 28

First Person pronouns

Answer 28

Ones about self (eg. Singular- I, me / plural- us, we)

Question 29

Second Person Pronouns

Answer 29

Ones about others (eg. Singular + plural- you, your)

Question 30

Regular Verb

Answer 30

Follows standard rules of English grammar by adding ‘-ed’ / ‘-d’ to form the past tense & past participle (eg. Walk—> walked)

Question 31

Irregular Verb

Answer 31

Does not follow standard rules of English grammar to form their past tense & past participle in a different way (Sing—> sung/sang ; run—> ran)

Question 32

Genitive Pronouns

Answer 32

Aka possessive pronouns Show ownership (Eg. Mine, his, yours) His- genitive third person pronoun

Question 33

Nominative Pronouns

Answer 33

Subject of verbs (Eg. She, he, you, we, I)

Question 34

Accusative Pronouns

Answer 34

Objects (Eg. Me, you, him, her, us, them)

Question 35

Indefinite Pronouns

Answer 35

Don’t refer to any specific persons or things (eg. Anyone, anything)

Question 36

Mitigated Imperatives

Answer 36

Specifically disguised imperative, could be mitigated via a conditional clause/ tentative language (Eg. pass me the pen—> sorry if you don’t mind, could you pass me the pen)

Question 37

Overt Prestige

Answer 37

Formal varieties of language (Pragmatics/ lexis/ grammar)

Question 38

Covert Prestige

Answer 38

Informal varieties of language that often creates sociolect understanding (Pragmatics/ lexis/ grammar)

Question 39

Interrogative pronouns

Answer 39

Pronouns that form questions (Eg. What, how, why, when, where)

Question 40

Parentheticals

Answer 40

Verb phrases such as ‘I think’, ‘I guess’, ‘I know’ These alter semantics as strength of a sentence

Question 41

Syntactic parallelism

Answer 41

Type of repetition among adjacent clauses/ sentences. (Eg. "I came, I saw, I conquered" (Julius Caesar))

Question 42

Inclusive language

Answer 42

Language that involves the audience (Eg. All of US here know)

Question 43

First person plural pronoun

Answer 43

This pronoun adds to the inclusive language Pronoun: we

Question 44

Abstract nouns

Answer 44

Nouns that add loaded/ emotive content to persuasive texts Not physical- not associated with the senses (Eg. Loyalty, freedom, justice)

Question 45

Demonstratives

Answer 45

Words like ‘this’, ‘that’ and ‘those’

Question 46

Antecedent noun

Answer 46

The noun that the pronoun refers to (Adam —> him)

Question 47

Sociolect

Answer 47

a variety of a language used by a particular social group: a social dialect.

Question 48

Conjugation

Answer 48

How we form verbs Primary auxiliary verbs: be, do, have

Question 49

Types of Modal Auxiliary Verbs

Answer 49

Dynamic Deontic Epistemic Boulomaic

Question 50

Dynamic

Answer 50

Concerning the different degrees of ability Eg. I COULD swim when I was five.

Question 51

Deontic

Answer 51

Concerning different degree of obligation and permission Eg. You MUST do that Power imbalance?? —> Fairclough Imperative language

Question 52

Epistemic

Answer 52

Different levels of probability or possibility Eg. He MUST be about to arrive It MAY snow today Prediction Tentative—> thoughtful identity??

Question 53

Boulomaic

Answer 53

Different degrees of volition (free will), desire, wish Eg. She WOULD rather stay home

Question 54

Polysyndeton

Answer 54

Listing with lots of conjunctions Eg. ___and ____ and ____ and ____

Question 55

Asyndeton/ Asyndetic listing

Answer 55

Listing without conjunctions