GRE Psychology CH 1-3 Flashcards
(276 cards)
1
Q
Adaptations
A
physical characteristics, skills, and abilities
2
Q
Behavior
A
wide variety of actions that occur in al organisms
3
Q
Behaviorism
A
a psychological approach that emphasizes the role of environmental forces in producing behavior
4
Q
Cognitive neuroscience
A
the study of the neural mechanisms that underlie thought, learning, and memory
5
Q
Cognitive psychology
A
the study of how people think, learn, and remember
6
Q
Critical thinking
A
a systematic way of evaluating info to reach reasonable conclusions
7
Q
Culture
A
the beliefs, values, rules, norms, and customs existing within a group of people who share a common language and environment
8
Q
Evolutionary theory
A
organisms change over time due to the inheritance of favorable genetic adaptations which are then passed to offspring
9
Q
Functionalism
A
theory that mind came into existence over the course of human evolution and works as it does to help humans adapt to environmental demands
10
Q
Gestalt theory
A
the whole of personal experience is different from the sum of its parts, proposed by Wertheimer and Kohler
11
Q
Introspection
A
a systematic examination of subjective mental experiences that requires people to inspect and report on the content of their thoughts; first used by Wundt
12
Q
Mind
A
mental activity, result of neurons and associated chemical reactions (senses, memories, thoughts, feelings)
13
Q
Mind/body problem
A
Are the mind and body separate and distinct, or is the mind simply the physical brain’s subjective experience?
14
Q
Natural selection
A
the process by which organisms’ random mutations that are adaptive are passed along and random mutations that hinder survival are not
15
Q
Nature/nurture debate
A
influence each other in shaping brain, mind, and behavior
16
Q
Psychoanalysis
A
a method developed by Freud that attempts to bring the contents of the unconscious to conscious awareness so that conflicts can be revealed
17
Q
Psychological science
A
the study of mind, brain, and behavior
18
Q
Social psychology
A
the study of group dynamics in relation to psychological processes
19
Q
Stream of consciousness
A
idea that mind consists of an ever-changing, continuous serious of thoughts, proposed by James
20
Q
Structuralism
A
school of thought that is based on idea that conscious experience can be studied when broken down into its underlying components, est. by Titchener
21
Q
Unconscious
A
the mental processes that operate below the level of conscious awareness
22
Q
Accuracy
A
the extent to which an experimental measure is free from error
23
Q
Brain imaging
A
a range of experimental techniques that make brain structures and brain activity visible
24
Q
Case study
A
special type of observational/descriptive study that involves intensive examination of one person or a few individuals (clinical case studies) or one or a few organizations (organizational case studies)
25
Central tendency
a measure that represents the typical behavior of the group as a whole
26
Confound
anything that affects a dependent variable and may unintentionally vary between the experimental conditions of a study
27
Control group
the participants in the study that receive no intervention or n intervention different from the one being studied
28
Correlational study
a research method that examines how variables are naturally related in the real world, without any attempt by the researcher to alter them
29
Cross-sectional studies
research deign that compares different groups of make inferences about both
30
Culturally sensitive research
studies that take into account the ways culture affects thoughts, feelings, and actions
31
Data
objective observations or measurements
32
Dependent variable
in an experiment, the measure that is affected by manipulation of the independent variable
33
Descriptive statistics
overall summary of data
34
Descriptive studies
involve observing and noting behavior to analyze it objectively
35
Directionality problem
when researchers find a relationship between two variables in the correlational study, they cannot determine which variable may have caused changes in the other variable
36
Electroencephalogram (EEG)
a device that measures electrical activity in the brain
37
Experiment
a study that tests causal hypotheses by measuring and manipulating variables
38
Experimental group
the participants in a study that receive the intervention
39
Experimenter expectancy effect
actual change in the behavior of the people or animals being observed that is due to observer bias
40
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
an imaging technique used to examine changes in the activity of the working human brain
41
Hypothesis
a specific prediction of what should be observed in the world if a theory is correct
42
Independent variable
in an experiment, the condition that is manipulated by the experimenter to examine its impact on the dependent variable
43
Inferential statistics
Mathematical methods that employ probability theory for deducing (inferring) the properties of a population from the analysis of the properties of a data sample drawn from it. It is concerned also with the precision and reliability of the inferences it helps to draw.
44
Institutional review boards (ERBs)
groups of people responsible for reviewing proposed research to ensure that it meets the accepted standards of science and provides for the physical and emotional well-being of research participants
45
Longitudinal studies
involve observing and classifying developmental changes that occur in the same people over time
46
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
a method of brain imaging that produces high-quality images of the brain
47
Mean
a measure of central tendency that is the arithmetic average of a set of numbers
48
Median
a measure of central tendency that is the value in a set of numbers that falls exactly halfway between the lowest and highest values
49
Meta-analysis
a "study of studies" that combines the findings of multiple studies to arrive at a conclusion
50
Mode
a measure of central tendency that is the most frequent score or value in a set
51
Naturalistic observation
a passive descriptive study in which observers do not change or alter ongoing behavior
52
Observational technique
a research method of careful and systematic assessment and coding of overt behavior
53
Observer bias
systematic errors in observation that occur because of an observer's expectations
54
Participant observation
a type of descriptive study in which the researcher is actively involved in the situation
55
Population
everyone in the group the experimenter is interested in
56
Positron emission tomography (PET)
a method of brain imaging that assesses metabolic activity by using a radioactive substance injected into the bloodstream
57
Random assignment
the procedure for placing research participants into the conditions of an experiment in which each participant has an equal chance of being assigned to any level of the independent variable
58
Reactivity
when the knowledge that one is being observed alters the behavior being observed
59
Reliability
the extent to which a measure is stable and consistent over time in similar conditions
60
Replication
repetition of an experiment to confirm the results
61
Research
scientific process that involves the systematic and careful collection of data
62
Response performance
a research method in which researchers quantify perceptual or cognitive processes in response to a specific stimulus
63
Sample
a subset of a population
64
Scatterplot
graph that illustrates the relationship between two variables
65
Scientific method
a systematic procedure of observing and measuring phenomena to answer questions about what happens, when it happens, what causes it, and why
66
Selection bias
when participants in different groups in an experiment differ systematically
67
Self-report method
a method of data collection in which people are asked to provide information about themselves, such as in questionnaires or surveys
68
Standard deviation
a statistical measure of how far away each value is, on average, from the mean
69
Theory
a model of interconnected ideas and concepts that explains what is observed and makes predictions about future events
70
Third variable problem
when the experimenter cannot directly manipulate the independent variable and therefore cannot be confident that another, unmeasured variable is not the actual cause of differences in the dependent variable
71
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)
the use of strong magnets to briefly interrupt normal brain activity as a way to study brain regions
72
Validity
the extent to which the data collected addresses the research hypothesis in the way intended
73
Variability
in a set of numbers, how widely dispersed the values are from each other and from the mean
74
Variable
something in the world that can be measured and that can vary
75
Acetylcholine (Ach)
the neurotransmitter responsible for motor control at the junction between nerves and muscles; also involved in mental processes such as learning, memory, sleeping, and dreaming
76
Action potential
the neural impulse that passes along the axon and subsequently causes the release of chemicals from the terminal buttons
77
Agonists
any drug that enhances the actions of a specific neurotransmitter
78
All-or-none principle
the principle whereby a neuron fires with the same potency each time, although frequency can vary; it either fires or not
79
Amygdala
a brain structure that serves a vital role in our learning to associate things with emotional responses and in processing emotional information
80
Antagonists
any drug that inhibits the action of a specific neurotransmitter
81
Autonomic nervous system (ANS)
a major component of PNS; regulates body's internal environ. by stimulating glands and maintaining internal organs
82
Axon
a long narrow outgrowth of a neuron by which info is transmitted to other neurons
83
Basal ganglia
a system of subcortical structures that are important for the initiation of planned movement
84
Brainstem
a section of the bottom of the brain, housing the most basic programs of survival, such as breathing, swallowing, vomiting, urination, and orgasm
85
Broca's area
the left frontal region of the brain, crucial for the production of language
86
Cell body
in the neuron, where info from thousands of other neurons is collected and processed
87
Central nervous system (CNS)
the brain and spinal cord
88
Cerebellum
a large, convoluted protuberance at the back of the brainstem, essential for coordinated movement and balance
89
Cerebral cortex
the outer layer of brain tissue, which forms the convoluted surface of the brain
90
Chromosomes
structures within the cell body that are made up of genes
91
Dentrites
branchlike extensions of the neuron that detect information from other neurons
92
Dizygotic twins
twin siblings who result from two separately fertilized eggs
93
Dominant gene
a gene that is expressed in the offspring whenever it is present
94
Dopamine
a monoamine neurotransmitter involved in reward, motivation, and motor control
95
Endocrine system
a communication system that uses hormones to influence thoughts, behaviors, and actions
96
Endorphins
a neurotransmitter involved in natural pain reduction and reward
97
Epinephrine
the neurotransmitter responsible for adrenaline rushes, bursts of energy caused by its release throughout the body
98
Frontal lobes
the region at the front of the cerebral cortex concerned with planning and movement
99
GABA
the primary inhibitory transmitter in the nervous system
100
Gene
the unit of heredity that determines a particular characteristic in an organism
101
Genotype
the genetic constitution determined at the moment of conception
102
Glutamate
the primary excitatory transmitter in the nervous system
103
Gonads
the main endocrine glands involved in sexual behavior
104
Heritability
a statistical estimate of the variation, caused by differences in heredity, in a trait within a population
105
Hippocampus
a brain structure important for the formation of certain types of memory
106
Hormones
chemical substances, typically released from endocrine glands, that travel through the bloodstream to targeted tissues, which are subsequently influenced by the hormones
107
Hypothalamus
a small brain structure that is vital for temperature regulation, emotion, sexual behavior, and motivation
108
Interneurons
one of the three types of neurons, these neurons communicate only with other neurons, typically within a specific brain region
109
Monozygotic twins
twin siblings who result from one zygote splitting in two and therefore share the same genes
110
Motor neurons
one of the three types of neurons, these efferent neurons direct muscles to contract or relax, thereby producing movement
111
Myelin sheath
a fatty material, made up of glial cells, that insulates the axon and allows for the rapid movement of electrical impulses along the axon
112
Neuron
the basic unit of the nervous system; it operates through electrical impulses, which communicate with other neurons through chemical signals; they receive, integrate, and transmit info in the nervous sys.
113
Neurotransmitter
a chemical substance that carries signals from one neuron to another
114
Nodes of Ranvier
small gaps of exposed axon, between the segments of myelin sheath, where action potentials are transmitted
115
Norepinephrine
the neurotransmitter involved in states of arousal and awareness
116
Occipital lobe
a region of the cerebral cortex, at the back of the brain, important for vision
117
Parasympathetic division of ANS
a division of the ANS; it returns the body to resting state
118
Parietal lobe
a region of the cerebral cortex, in front of the occipital lobes and behind the frontal lobes, important for the sense of touch and of the spatial layout of an environment
119
Parkinson's disease
a neurological disorder that seems to be caused by dopamine depletion, marked by muscular rigidity, tremors, and difficulty initiating voluntary action
120
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
all nerve cells in the body that are not part of the CNS; somatic and autonomic
121
Phenotype
observable physical characteristics that result from both genetic and environmental influences
122
Pituitary gland
located at the base of the hypothalamus; the gland that sends hormonal signals controlling the release of hormones from endocrine glands
123
Plasticity
a property of the brain that allows it to change as a result of experience, drugs, or injury
124
Prefrontal cortex
a region of the frontal lobes, especially prominent in humans, important for attention, working memory, decision making, appropriate social behavior, and personality
125
Receptors
in neurons, specialized protein molecules, on the postsynaptic membrane, that neurotransmitters bind to after passing across the synaptic cleft
126
Recessive gene
a gene that is expressed only when it is matched with a similar gene from the other parent
127
Resting membrane potential
the electrical charge of a neuron when it is inactive
128
Reuptake
the process whereby a neurotrasmitter is taken back into the presynaptic terminal buttons, thereby stopping its activity
129
Sensory neurons
one of the three types of neurons, these afferent neurons detect information from the physical world and pass that info along to the brain
130
Serotonin
a monoamine neurotransmitter important for a wide range of psychological activity, including emotional states, impulse control, and dreaming
131
Somatic nervous system
a major component of the peripheral nervous system; transmits sensory signals to the CNS via nerves
132
Substance P
a neurotransmitter involved in pain reception
133
Sympathetic division of ANS
a division of the ANS; prepares the body for action
134
Synapse, or synaptic cleft
the site for chemical communication between neurons, which contains extracellular fluid
135
Synethesia
neurological condition in which stimulation of one sensory or cognitive pathway leads to automatic, involuntary experiences in a second sensory or cognitive pathway
136
Temporal lobes
the lower region of the cerebral cortex, important for processing auditory info and memory
137
Terminal buttons
small nodules, at the ends of axons, that release chemical signals from the neuron to the synapse
138
Thalamus
the gateway to the brain; it receives almost all incoming sensory info before that info reaches the cortex
139
physical characteristics, skills, and abilities
Adaptations
140
wide variety of actions that occur in al organisms
Behavior
141
a psychological approach that emphasizes the role of environmental forces in producing behavior
Behaviorism
142
the study of the neural mechanisms that underlie thought, learning, and memory
Cognitive neuroscience
143
the study of how people think, learn, and remember
Cognitive psychology
144
a systematic way of evaluating info to reach reasonable conclusions
Critical thinking
145
the beliefs, values, rules, norms, and customs existing within a group of people who share a common language and environment
Culture
146
organisms change over time due to the inheritance of favorable genetic adaptations which are then passed to offspring
Evolutionary theory
147
theory that mind came into existence over the course of human evolution and works as it does to help humans adapt to environmental demands
Functionalism
148
the whole of personal experience is different from the sum of its parts, proposed by Wertheimer and Kohler
Gestalt theory
149
a systematic examination of subjective mental experiences that requires people to inspect and report on the content of their thoughts; first used by Wundt
Introspection
150
mental activity, result of neurons and associated chemical reactions (senses, memories, thoughts, feelings)
Mind
151
Are the mind and body separate and distinct, or is the mind simply the physical brain's subjective experience?
Mind/body problem
152
the process by which organisms' random mutations that are adaptive are passed along and random mutations that hinder survival are not
Natural selection
153
influence each other in shaping brain, mind, and behavior
Nature/nurture debate
154
a method developed by Freud that attempts to bring the contents of the unconscious to conscious awareness so that conflicts can be revealed
Psychoanalysis
155
the study of mind, brain, and behavior
Psychological science
156
the study of group dynamics in relation to psychological processes
Social psychology
157
idea that mind consists of an ever-changing, continuous serious of thoughts, proposed by James
Stream of consciousness
158
school of thought that is based on idea that conscious experience can be studied when broken down into its underlying components, est. by Titchener
Structuralism
159
the mental processes that operate below the level of conscious awareness
Unconscious
160
the extent to which an experimental measure is free from error
Accuracy
161
a range of experimental techniques that make brain structures and brain activity visible
Brain imaging
162
special type of observational/descriptive study that involves intensive examination of one person or a few individuals (clinical case studies) or one or a few organizations (organizational case studies)
Case study
163
a measure that represents the typical behavior of the group as a whole
Central tendency
164
anything that affects a dependent variable and may unintentionally vary between the experimental conditions of a study
Confound
165
the participants in the study that receive no intervention or n intervention different from the one being studied
Control group
166
a research method that examines how variables are naturally related in the real world, without any attempt by the researcher to alter them
Correlational study
167
research deign that compares different groups of make inferences about both
Cross-sectional studies
168
studies that take into account the ways culture affects thoughts, feelings, and actions
Culturally sensitive research
169
objective observations or measurements
Data
170
in an experiment, the measure that is affected by manipulation of the independent variable
Dependent variable
171
overall summary of data
Descriptive statistics
172
involve observing and noting behavior to analyze it objectively
Descriptive studies
173
when researchers find a relationship between two variables in the correlational study, they cannot determine which variable may have caused changes in the other variable
Directionality problem
174
a device that measures electrical activity in the brain
Electroencephalogram (EEG)
175
a study that tests causal hypotheses by measuring and manipulating variables
Experiment
176
the participants in a study that receive the intervention
Experimental group
177
actual change in the behavior of the people or animals being observed that is due to observer bias
Experimenter expectancy effect
178
an imaging technique used to examine changes in the activity of the working human brain
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
179
a specific prediction of what should be observed in the world if a theory is correct
Hypothesis
180
in an experiment, the condition that is manipulated by the experimenter to examine its impact on the dependent variable
Independent variable
181
Mathematical methods that employ probability theory for deducing (inferring) the properties of a population from the analysis of the properties of a data sample drawn from it. It is concerned also with the precision and reliability of the inferences it helps to draw.
Inferential statistics
182
groups of people responsible for reviewing proposed research to ensure that it meets the accepted standards of science and provides for the physical and emotional well-being of research participants
Institutional review boards (ERBs)
183
involve observing and classifying developmental changes that occur in the same people over time
Longitudinal studies
184
a method of brain imaging that produces high-quality images of the brain
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
185
a measure of central tendency that is the arithmetic average of a set of numbers
Mean
186
a measure of central tendency that is the value in a set of numbers that falls exactly halfway between the lowest and highest values
Median
187
a "study of studies" that combines the findings of multiple studies to arrive at a conclusion
Meta-analysis
188
a measure of central tendency that is the most frequent score or value in a set
Mode
189
a passive descriptive study in which observers do not change or alter ongoing behavior
Naturalistic observation
190
a research method of careful and systematic assessment and coding of overt behavior
Observational technique
191
systematic errors in observation that occur because of an observer's expectations
Observer bias
192
a type of descriptive study in which the researcher is actively involved in the situation
Participant observation
193
everyone in the group the experimenter is interested in
Population
194
a method of brain imaging that assesses metabolic activity by using a radioactive substance injected into the bloodstream
Positron emission tomography (PET)
195
the procedure for placing research participants into the conditions of an experiment in which each participant has an equal chance of being assigned to any level of the independent variable
Random assignment
196
when the knowledge that one is being observed alters the behavior being observed
Reactivity
197
the extent to which a measure is stable and consistent over time in similar conditions
Reliability
198
repetition of an experiment to confirm the results
Replication
199
scientific process that involves the systematic and careful collection of data
Research
200
a research method in which researchers quantify perceptual or cognitive processes in response to a specific stimulus
Response performance
201
a subset of a population
Sample
202
graph that illustrates the relationship between two variables
Scatterplot
203
a systematic procedure of observing and measuring phenomena to answer questions about what happens, when it happens, what causes it, and why
Scientific method
204
when participants in different groups in an experiment differ systematically
Selection bias
205
a method of data collection in which people are asked to provide information about themselves, such as in questionnaires or surveys
Self-report method
206
a statistical measure of how far away each value is, on average, from the mean
Standard deviation
207
a model of interconnected ideas and concepts that explains what is observed and makes predictions about future events
Theory
208
when the experimenter cannot directly manipulate the independent variable and therefore cannot be confident that another, unmeasured variable is not the actual cause of differences in the dependent variable
Third variable problem
209
the use of strong magnets to briefly interrupt normal brain activity as a way to study brain regions
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)
210
the extent to which the data collected addresses the research hypothesis in the way intended
Validity
211
in a set of numbers, how widely dispersed the values are from each other and from the mean
Variability
212
something in the world that can be measured and that can vary
Variable
213
the neurotransmitter responsible for motor control at the junction between nerves and muscles; also involved in mental processes such as learning, memory, sleeping, and dreaming
Acetylcholine (Ach)
214
the neural impulse that passes along the axon and subsequently causes the release of chemicals from the terminal buttons
Action potential
215
any drug that enhances the actions of a specific neurotransmitter
Agonists
216
the principle whereby a neuron fires with the same potency each time, although frequency can vary; it either fires or not
All-or-none principle
217
a brain structure that serves a vital role in our learning to associate things with emotional responses and in processing emotional information
Amygdala
218
any drug that inhibits the action of a specific neurotransmitter
Antagonists
219
a major component of PNS; regulates body's internal environ. by stimulating glands and maintaining internal organs
Autonomic nervous system (ANS)
220
a long narrow outgrowth of a neuron by which info is transmitted to other neurons
Axon
221
a system of subcortical structures that are important for the initiation of planned movement
Basal ganglia
222
a section of the bottom of the brain, housing the most basic programs of survival, such as breathing, swallowing, vomiting, urination, and orgasm
Brainstem
223
the left frontal region of the brain, crucial for the production of language
Broca's area
224
in the neuron, where info from thousands of other neurons is collected and processed
Cell body
225
the brain and spinal cord
Central nervous system (CNS)
226
a large, convoluted protuberance at the back of the brainstem, essential for coordinated movement and balance
Cerebellum
227
the outer layer of brain tissue, which forms the convoluted surface of the brain
Cerebral cortex
228
structures within the cell body that are made up of genes
Chromosomes
229
branchlike extensions of the neuron that detect information from other neurons
Dentrites
230
twin siblings who result from two separately fertilized eggs
Dizygotic twins
231
a gene that is expressed in the offspring whenever it is present
Dominant gene
232
a monoamine neurotransmitter involved in reward, motivation, and motor control
Dopamine
233
a communication system that uses hormones to influence thoughts, behaviors, and actions
Endocrine system
234
a neurotransmitter involved in natural pain reduction and reward
Endorphins
235
the neurotransmitter responsible for adrenaline rushes, bursts of energy caused by its release throughout the body
Epinephrine
236
the region at the front of the cerebral cortex concerned with planning and movement
Frontal lobes
237
the primary inhibitory transmitter in the nervous system
GABA
238
the unit of heredity that determines a particular characteristic in an organism
Gene
239
the genetic constitution determined at the moment of conception
Genotype
240
the primary excitatory transmitter in the nervous system
Glutamate
241
the main endocrine glands involved in sexual behavior
Gonads
242
a statistical estimate of the variation, caused by differences in heredity, in a trait within a population
Heritability
243
a brain structure important for the formation of certain types of memory
Hippocampus
244
chemical substances, typically released from endocrine glands, that travel through the bloodstream to targeted tissues, which are subsequently influenced by the hormones
Hormones
245
a small brain structure that is vital for temperature regulation, emotion, sexual behavior, and motivation
Hypothalamus
246
one of the three types of neurons, these neurons communicate only with other neurons, typically within a specific brain region
Interneurons
247
twin siblings who result from one zygote splitting in two and therefore share the same genes
Monozygotic twins
248
one of the three types of neurons, these efferent neurons direct muscles to contract or relax, thereby producing movement
Motor neurons
249
a fatty material, made up of glial cells, that insulates the axon and allows for the rapid movement of electrical impulses along the axon
Myelin sheath
250
the basic unit of the nervous system; it operates through electrical impulses, which communicate with other neurons through chemical signals; they receive, integrate, and transmit info in the nervous sys.
Neuron
251
a chemical substance that carries signals from one neuron to another
Neurotransmitter
252
small gaps of exposed axon, between the segments of myelin sheath, where action potentials are transmitted
Nodes of Ranvier
253
the neurotransmitter involved in states of arousal and awareness
Norepinephrine
254
a region of the cerebral cortex, at the back of the brain, important for vision
Occipital lobe
255
a division of the ANS; it returns the body to resting state
Parasympathetic division of ANS
256
a region of the cerebral cortex, in front of the occipital lobes and behind the frontal lobes, important for the sense of touch and of the spatial layout of an environment
Parietal lobe
257
a neurological disorder that seems to be caused by dopamine depletion, marked by muscular rigidity, tremors, and difficulty initiating voluntary action
Parkinson's disease
258
all nerve cells in the body that are not part of the CNS; somatic and autonomic
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
259
observable physical characteristics that result from both genetic and environmental influences
Phenotype
260
located at the base of the hypothalamus; the gland that sends hormonal signals controlling the release of hormones from endocrine glands
Pituitary gland
261
a property of the brain that allows it to change as a result of experience, drugs, or injury
Plasticity
262
a region of the frontal lobes, especially prominent in humans, important for attention, working memory, decision making, appropriate social behavior, and personality
Prefrontal cortex
263
in neurons, specialized protein molecules, on the postsynaptic membrane, that neurotransmitters bind to after passing across the synaptic cleft
Receptors
264
a gene that is expressed only when it is matched with a similar gene from the other parent
Recessive gene
265
the electrical charge of a neuron when it is inactive
Resting membrane potential
266
the process whereby a neurotrasmitter is taken back into the presynaptic terminal buttons, thereby stopping its activity
Reuptake
267
one of the three types of neurons, these afferent neurons detect information from the physical world and pass that info along to the brain
Sensory neurons
268
a monoamine neurotransmitter important for a wide range of psychological activity, including emotional states, impulse control, and dreaming
Serotonin
269
a major component of the peripheral nervous system; transmits sensory signals to the CNS via nerves
Somatic nervous system
270
a neurotransmitter involved in pain reception
Substance P
271
a division of the ANS; prepares the body for action
Sympathetic division of ANS
272
the site for chemical communication between neurons, which contains extracellular fluid
Synapse, or synaptic cleft
273
neurological condition in which stimulation of one sensory or cognitive pathway leads to automatic, involuntary experiences in a second sensory or cognitive pathway
Synethesia
274
the lower region of the cerebral cortex, important for processing auditory info and memory
Temporal lobes
275
small nodules, at the ends of axons, that release chemical signals from the neuron to the synapse
Terminal buttons
276
the gateway to the brain; it receives almost all incoming sensory info before that info reaches the cortex
Thalamus
