GRE1800

Question 0

empire

Answer 0

empire
empire (n.)
early 14c., from O.Fr. empire “rule, authority, kingdom, imperial rule,” from L. imperium “rule, command,” from imperare “to command,” from im- “in” (see in- (2)) + parare “to order, prepare” (see pare). Not etymologically restricted to “territory ruled by an emperor,” but used that way. The Empire, meaning “the British Empire,” first recorded 1772 (it officially devolved into “The Commonwealth” in 1931); before that it meant the Holy Roman Empire (1670s). Empire style (especially in reference to a style of dresses with high waistlines) is 1869, from the Second Empire “rule of Napoleon III of France” (1852-70). New York has been called the Empire State since 1834.
韦氏大学
em·pire
\ˈem-ˌpī(-ə)r\ noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Anglo-French empire, empirie, from Latin imperium absolute authority, empire, from imperare to command — more at emperor
Date: 14th century
1.
a.
(1) : a major political unit having a territory of great extent or a number of territories or peoples under a single sovereign authority; especially : one having an emperor as chief of state
(2) : the territory of such a political unit
b. : something resembling a political empire; especially : an extensive territory or enterprise under single domination or control
2. : imperial sovereignty, rule, or dominion
3. capitalized [Empire State, nickname for New York] : a juicy apple with dark red skin that is a cross between a McIntosh apple and a red Delicious apple

Question 1

imperish

Answer 1

imperious (adj.)
1540s, from L. imperiosus “commanding, mighty, powerful,” from imperium “empire, command” (see empire). Related: Imperiously.
韦氏大学
im·pe·ri·ous
\im-ˈpir-ē-əs\ adjective
Etymology: Latin imperiosus, from imperium
Date: 1540
1.
a. : befitting or characteristic of one of eminent rank or attainments : commanding, dominant

b. : marked by arrogant assurance : domineering
2. : intensely compelling : urgent

Synonyms: see masterful
• im·pe·ri·ous·ly adverb
• im·pe·ri·ous·ness noun

Question 2

disposition

Answer 2

disposition
disposition (n.)
late 14c., “ordering, management,” also “tendency of mind,” from O.Fr. disposicion (12c.) “arrangement, order; mood, state of mind,” from L. dispositionem (nom. dispositio) “arrangement, management,” noun of action from pp. stem of disponere “to put in order, arrange” (see dispose). References to “temperament” (late 14c. in English) are from astrological use of the word for “position of a planet as a determining influence.”
韦氏大学
dis·po·si·tion
\ˌdis-pə-ˈzi-shən\ noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Anglo-French, from Latin disposition-, dispositio, from disponere
Date: 14th century
1. : the act or the power of disposing or the state of being disposed: as
a. : administration, control
b. : final arrangement : settlement

c.
(1) : transfer to the care or possession of another
(2) : the power of such transferal
d. : orderly arrangement
2.
a. : prevailing tendency, mood, or inclination
b. : temperamental makeup
c. : the tendency of something to act in a certain manner under given circumstances
• dis·po·si·tion·al -ˈzish-nəl, -ˈzi-shə-nəl\ adjective
Synonyms:
disposition, temperament, temper, character, personality mean the dominant quality or qualities distinguishing a person or group. disposition implies customary moods and attitude toward the life around one
<a>
temperament implies a pattern of innate characteristics associated with one’s specific physical and nervous organization</a>

temper implies the qualities acquired through experience that determine how a person or group meets difficulties or handles situations
<a>
character applies to the aggregate of moral qualities by which a person is judged apart from intelligence, competence, or special talents</a>

personality applies to an aggregate of qualities that distinguish one as a person
<a></a>

Question 3

palliate

Answer 3

palliate
palliate (v.)
"to alleviate without curing," early 15c., from M.L. palliatus, lit. "cloaked," from pp. of L.L. palliare "cover with a cloak, conceal," from L. pallium "cloak" (see pall (n.)). Related: Palliated; palliating; palliation.
韦氏大学
pal·li·ate
\ˈpa-lē-ˌāt\ transitive verb
(-at·ed ; -at·ing)
 Etymology: Middle English, from Late Latin palliatus, past participle of palliare to cloak, conceal, from Latin pallium cloak
 Date: 15th century
 1. : to reduce the violence of (a disease); also : to ease (symptoms) without curing the underlying disease
 2. : to cover by excuses and apologies
 3. : to moderate the intensity of 

• pal·li·a·tion \ˌpa-lē-ˈā-shən\ noun
• pal·li·a·tor \ˈpa-lē-ˌā-tər\ noun
美国传统词典英汉
pal.li.ate
AHD:[pălʹē-āt’]
D.J.[ˈpæliːˌeɪt]
K.K.[ˈpæliˌet]
v.tr.（及物动词）
pal.li.at.ed, pal.li.at.ing, pal.li.ates
To make (an offense or crime) seem less serious; extenuate.
减轻，缓和：减轻痛苦，掩饰罪过；减轻
To make less severe or intense; mitigate:
掩饰：使不那么严重或紧张；缓和：
tried unsuccessfully to palliate the widespread discontent.
不成功地尽力去减轻普遍的不满
To relieve the symptoms of a disease or disorder.
减轻：减轻疾病或小病的征兆

语源
Middle English palliaten 
中古英语 palliaten
from Late Latin palliāre palliāt- [to cloak, palliate] 
源自 后期拉丁语 palliāre palliāt- [包庇，减轻，掩饰]
from Latin pallium [cloak] 
源自 拉丁语 pallium [包庇]

继承用法
pal’liaʹtion n.（名词）
palʹlia’tor n.（名词）

参考词汇
palliate, extenuate, gloss, gloze, whitewash
The central meaning shared by these verbs is “to cause a fault or offense to seem less grave or less reprehensible”: 
这些动词所共有的中心意思是：“使错误或罪过看起来不那么严重和应受谴责”： 
palliate a crime;
减轻罪过；
couldn't extenuate the malfeasance;
不能掩饰罪过；
glossing over an unethical transaction;
掩饰不合理的交易；
glozing sins and iniquities;
掩饰罪过和罪恶；
whitewashed official complicity in political extortion. See also Synonyms at relieve 
掩饰政治纠纷中的官方冲突 参见同义词 relieve

Question 4

mitigate

Answer 4

mitigate
mitigate (v.)
early 15c., “relieve (pain),” from L. mitigatus, pp. of mitigare “soften, make tender, ripen, mellow, tame,” figuratively, “make mild or gentle, pacify, soothe,” ultimately from mitis “gentle, soft” (from PIE *mei- “mild”) + root of agere “do, make, act” (see act). First element is from PIE root *mei- “soft, mild.” Related: Mitigated; mitigating; mitigates.
韦氏大学
mit·i·gate
\ˈmi-tə-ˌgāt\ transitive verb
(-gat·ed ; -gat·ing)
Etymology: Middle English, from Latin mitigatus, past participle of mitigare to soften, from mitis soft + -igare (akin to Latin agere to drive); akin to Old Irish moíth soft — more at agent
Date: 15th century
1. : to cause to become less harsh or hostile : mollify

2. a. : to make less severe or painful : alleviate
   b. : extenuate
   Synonyms: see relieve
   • mit·i·ga·tion \ˌmi-tə-ˈgā-shən\ noun
   • mit·i·ga·tive \ˈmi-tə-ˌgā-tiv\ adjective
   • mit·i·ga·tor -ˌgā-tər\ noun
   • mit·i·ga·to·ry \ˈmi-ti-gə-ˌtȯr-ē\ adjective
   Usage:
   Mitigate is sometimes used as an intransitive (followed by against) where militate might be expected. Even though Faulkner used it

    and one critic thinks it should be called an American idiom, it is usually considered a mistake.
美国传统词典英汉
mit.i.gate
AHD:[mĭtʹĭgāt'] 
D.J.[ˈmɪtˌɪgeɪt]
K.K.[ˈmɪtˌɪget]
v.（动词）
mit.i.gat.ed, mit.i.gat.ing, mit.i.gates 
v.tr.（及物动词）
To moderate (a quality or condition) in force or intensity; alleviate.See Synonyms at relieve 
使减轻：在力量或强度上减轻（一种性质或条件）；缓和参见 relieve
v.intr.（不及物动词）
To become milder.
变得更柔和

语源
Middle English mitigaten 
中古英语 mitigaten
from Latin mītigāre mītigāt- 
源自 拉丁语 mītigāre mītigāt-
mītis [soft] 
mītis [柔软的]
agere [to drive, do] * see act 
agere [推动，做] *参见 act

Question 5

extenuate

Answer 5

Etymonline
extenuate
extenuate (v.)
1520s, from L. extenuatus, pp. of extenuare “lessen, make small, reduce, diminish,” from ex- “out” (see ex-) + tenuare “make thin,” from tenuis “thin” (see tenet). Related: Extenuated; extenuating. Extenuating circumstances attested from 1660s.
韦氏大学
ex·ten·u·ate
\ik-ˈsten-yə-ˌwāt, -yü-ˌāt\ transitive verb
(-at·ed ; -at·ing)
Etymology: Latin extenuatus, past participle of extenuare, from ex- + tenuis thin — more at thin
Date: 1529
1.
a. archaic : to make light of
b. : to lessen or to try to lessen the seriousness or extent of by making partial excuses : mitigate

c. obsolete : disparage
2.
a. archaic : to make thin or emaciated
b. : to lessen the strength or effect of
• ex·ten·u·a·tor -ˌ(w)ā-tər\ noun
• ex·ten·u·a·to·ry -(w)ə-ˌtȯr-ē\ adjective
美国传统词典英汉
ex.ten.u.ate
AHD:[ĭk-stĕnʹy›-āt’]
D.J.[ɪkˈstenjuːˌeɪt]
K.K.[ɪkˈstɛnjuˌet]
v.tr.（及物动词）
ex.ten.u.at.ed, ex.ten.u.at.ing, ex.ten.u.ates
To lessen or attempt to lessen the magnitude or seriousness of, especially by providing partial excuses.See Synonyms at palliate
减轻：缩小或努力缩小重要或严重的程度，尤指为 了提供偏心的借口参见 palliate
Archaic
【古语】
To make thin or emaciated.
使变瘦或使瘦
To reduce the strength of.
减少：使…的力量变小
Obsolete To belittle; disparage.
【废语】 轻视；藐视

Question 6

nostrum

Answer 6

Etymonline
nostrum
nostrum (n.)
“quack medicine,” c.1600, from L. nostrum remedium “our remedy,” presumably that prepared by the person offering it, from L. nostrum, neuter of noster “our,” from nos “we,” from PIE *nos (see us).
韦氏大学
nos·trum
\ˈnäs-trəm\ noun
Etymology: Latin, neuter of noster our, ours, from nos we — more at us
Date: 1602
1. : a medicine of secret composition recommended by its preparer but usually without scientific proof of its effectiveness
2. : a usually questionable remedy or scheme : panacea

美国传统词典英汉
nos.trum
AHD:[nŏsʹtrəm] 
D.J.[ˈnɒstrəm]
K.K.[ˈnɑstrəm]
n.（名词）
A medicine whose effectiveness is unproved and whose ingredients are usually secret; a quack remedy.
秘方：药效未被证明且成份通常是秘密的药；庸医治疗法
A favorite but untested remedy for problems or evils.
妙策：对问题或邪恶的受欢迎但却未经检验的解决方法

语源
From Latin nostrum (remedium) [our (remedy)] [neuter of] noster * see nes- 2
源自 拉丁语 nostrum (remedium) [我们的（疗法）] [] noster的中性 *参见 nes- 2

Question 7

grovel

Answer 7

grovel
grovel (v.)
1590s, Shakespearian back formation of groveling (M.E.), regarded as a prp. but really an adverb, from O.N. grufe “prone” + obsolete adverbial suffix -ling (which survives also as the -long in headlong, sidelong); first element from O.N. a grufu “on proneness.” Perhaps related to creep. Related: Groveled; grovelled; groveling; grovelling.
韦氏大学
grov·el
\ˈgrä-vəl, ˈgrə-\ intransitive verb
(-eled or -elled ; -el·ing or -el·ling)
Etymology: back-formation from groveling prone, from groveling, adverb, from Middle English, from gruf, adverb, on the face (from Old Norse ā grūfu) + -ling
Date: 1552
1. : to creep with the face to the ground : crawl
2.
a. : to lie or creep with the body prostrate in token of subservience or abasement
b. : to abase oneself
3. : to give oneself over to what is base or unworthy : wallow

 • grov·el·er \-vəl-ər\ noun
 • grov·el·ing·ly \-vəl-iŋ-lē\ adverb
美国传统词典英汉
grov.el
AHD:[grŏvʹəl, grŭvʹ-] 
D.J.[ˈgrɒvəl, ˈgrʌv-]
K.K.[ˈgrɑvəl, ˈgrʌv-]
v.intr.（不及物动词）
grov.eled 也作 grov.elled grov.el.ing grov.el.ling grov.els grov.els 
To behave in a servile or demeaning manner; cringe.
低声下气，卑从：表现出卑躬曲膝或自甘下贱的态度；阿谀奉承
To lie or creep in a prostrate position, as in subservience or humility.
匍匐爬行，趴着：以俯卧的姿势躺或爬，如奉承或屈辱
To give oneself over to base pleasures:
沉缅，沉溺：
“Have we not groveled here long enough, eating and drinking like mere brutes?”(Walt Whitman)
“难道我们现在放纵得还不够长久，仅仅象畜生一样地吃喝？”(沃尔特·惠特曼)

Question 8

wallow

Answer 8

Etymonline
wallow
wallow (v.)
O.E. wealwian “to roll,” from W.Gmc. *walwojan, from PIE *wal-, *wel- “to roll” (see vulva). Figurative sense of “to plunge and remain in some state or condition” is attested from early 13c. Related: Wallowed; wallowing. The noun is recorded from 1590s.
韦氏大学
wal·low
I. \ˈwä-(ˌ)lō\ intransitive verb
Etymology: Middle English walwen, from Old English wealwian to roll — more at voluble
Date: before 12th century
1. : to roll oneself about in a lazy, relaxed, or ungainly manner

2. : to billow forth : surge
3. : to devote oneself entirely; especially : to take unrestrained pleasure : delight
4. a. : to become abundantly supplied : luxuriate
   <a>
   b. : to indulge oneself immoderately</a>
5. : to become or remain helpless

 • wal·low·er \ˈwä-lə-wər\ noun
II. noun
 Date: 15th century
 1. : an act or instance of wallowing
 2. 
   a. : a muddy area or one filled with dust used by animals for wallowing
   b. : a depression formed by or as if by the wallowing of animals
 3. : a state of degradation or degeneracy
美国传统词典英汉
wal.low
AHD:[wŏlʹō] 
D.J.[ˈwɒləʊ]
K.K.[ˈwɑlo]
v.intr.（不及物动词）
wal.lowed, wal.low.ing, wal.lows 
To roll the body about indolently or clumsily in or as if in water, snow, or mud.
打滚：在或好象在水里、雪中或泥浆中懒散地或笨拙地滚动身体
To luxuriate; revel:
沉湎；纵乐：
wallow in self-righteousness.
沉缅于唯我独是之中
To be plentifully supplied:
大量地得到供给：
wallowing in money.
钱币来源充足
To move with difficulty in a clumsy or rolling manner; flounder:
蹒跚：以一种笨拙的或翻滚的方式行走；走路蹒跚：
“The car wallowed back through the slush, with ribbons of bright water trickling down the windshield from the roof”(Anne Tyler)
“汽车艰难地在雪泥里倒车，一条条白亮的水带从车顶沿挡风窗滴淌下来”(安妮·泰勒)
To swell or surge forth; billow.
翻腾：膨胀或翻滚；翻腾
n.（名词）
The act or an instance of wallowing.
打滚：打滚的动作或事例
A pool of water or mud where animals go to wallow.
泥坑：动物打滚所去的水塘或泥塘
The depression, pool, or pit produced by wallowing animals.
洼地：因动物打滚造成的凹陷、塘或坑

Question 9

prostrate

Answer 9

Etymonline
prostrate
prostrate (v.)
early 15c., from prostrate (adj.). Related: Prostrated; prostrating.
Etymonline
prostrate
prostrate (adj.)
mid-14c., from L. prostratus, pp. of prosternere “strew in front, throw down,” from pro- “forth” (see pro-) + sternere “to spread out,” from PIE root *stere- “to spread, extend, stretch out” (see structure).
韦氏大学
pros·trate
I. \ˈprä-ˌstrāt\ adjective
Etymology: Middle English prostrat, from Anglo-French, from Latin prostratus, past participle of prosternere, from pro- before + sternere to spread out, throw down — more at strew
Date: 14th century
1. : stretched out with face on the ground in adoration or submission; also : lying flat
2. : completely overcome and lacking vitality, will, or power to rise

3. : trailing on the ground : procumbent

Synonyms: see prone
II. \ˈprä-ˌstrāt, especially Brit prä-ˈ\ transitive verb
(pros·trat·ed ; pros·trat·ing)
Date: 15th century
1. : to throw or put into a prostrate position
2. : to put (oneself) in a humble and submissive posture or state

3. : to reduce to submission, helplessness, or exhaustion

美国传统词典英汉
pros.trate
AHD:[prŏsʹtrāt'] 
D.J.[ˈprɒsˌtreɪt]
K.K.[ˈprɑsˌtret]
v.tr.（及物动词）
pros.trat.ed, pros.trat.ing, pros.trates 
To make (oneself) bow or kneel down in humility or adoration.
使（自己）拜倒：使（自己）谦恭或崇敬地鞠躬或跪倒
To throw down flat.
摆平：使倒下；使平卧
To lay low; overcome.
使屈服
adj.（形容词）
Lying face down, as in submission or adoration.
俯伏的：面朝下躺着，好象是屈服或崇拜
Lying down at full length.See Synonyms at prone 
平卧的：平直的躺下参见 prone
Physically or emotionally incapacitated; overcome.
崩溃的：身体或感情上没有能力的；被征服的
Botany Growing flat along the ground.
【植物学】 匍匐性的：沿着地面平直地生长的

Question 10

obstrepous

Answer 10

obstreperous
obstreperous (adj.)
c.1600, from L. obstreperus “clamorous,” from obstrepere “drown with noise, make a noise against, oppose noisily,” from ob “against” (see ob-) + strepere “make a noise,” from PIE *strep-, said to be imitative (cf. L. stertare “to snore,” O.N. þrapt “chattering,” O.E. þræft “quarrel”). Related: Obstreperously; obstreperousness.
韦氏大学
ob·strep·er·ous
\əb-ˈstre-p(ə-)rəs, äb-\ adjective
Etymology: Latin obstreperus, from obstrepere to clamor against, from ob- against + strepere to make a noise
Date: circa 1600
1. : marked by unruly or aggressive noisiness : clamorous

 2. : stubbornly resistant to control : unruly
 Synonyms: see vociferous
 • ob·strep·er·ous·ly adverb
 • ob·strep·er·ous·ness noun
美国传统词典英汉
ob.strep.er.ous
AHD:[ŏb-strĕpʹər-əs, əb-] 
D.J.[ɒbˈstrepərəs, əb-]
K.K.[ɑbˈstrɛpərəs, əb-]
adj.（形容词）
Noisily and stubbornly defiant.
吵闹的：吵闹地，固执地无视
Aggressively boisterous.
暴乱的：带有攻击性地猛烈的

语源
From Latin obstreperus [noisy] 
源自 拉丁语 obstreperus [喧闹的]
from obstrepere [to make a noise against] 
源自 obstrepere [因…而声音嘈杂]
ob- [against] * see ob- 
ob- [与…相对] *参见 ob-
strepere [to make a noise] [of imitative origin] 
strepere [制造噪音] [模仿性起源的]

继承用法
obstrepʹerously adv.（副词）
obstrepʹerousness n.（名词）

Question 11

precocious

Answer 11

Etymonline
precocious
precocious (adj.)
1640s, “developed before the usual time,” from L. praecox (gen. praecocis) “maturing early,” from prae “before” (see pre-) + coquere “to ripen,” lit. “to cook” (see cook (n.)). Originally of flowers or fruits. Figurative use, of persons, dates from 1670s. Related: Precociously; precociousness.
韦氏大学
pre·co·cious
\pri-ˈkō-shəs\ adjective
Etymology: Latin praecoc-, praecox early ripening, precocious, from prae- + coquere to cook — more at cook
Date: 1650
1. : exceptionally early in development or occurrence

 2. : exhibiting mature qualities at an unusually early age 
   <a>
 • pre·co·cious·ly adverb
 • pre·co·cious·ness noun
 • pre·coc·i·ty \pri-ˈkä-sə-tē\ noun
美国传统词典英汉
pre.co.cious
AHD:[prĭ-kōʹshəs] 
D.J.[prɪˈkəʊʃəs]
K.K.[prɪˈkoʃəs]
adj.（形容词）
Manifesting or characterized by unusually early development or maturity, especially in mental aptitude.
早熟的：表明或以不寻常的过早发展或成熟为特点的，尤指智力
Botany Blossoming before the appearance of leaves.
【植物学】 早开的：叶子出现之前开花的

语源
From Latin praecox praecoc- [premature] 
源自 拉丁语 praecox praecoc- [早熟的]
from praecoquere [to boil before, ripen fully] 
源自 praecoquere [先于…沸腾的，熟透的]
prae- [pre-] 
prae- [前缀，表“先于”]
coquere [to cook, ripen] * see pek w- 
coquere [烧，成熟] *参见 pek w-

继承用法
precoʹciously adv.（副词）
precocʹity AHD:[-kŏsʹĭ-tē] 或 pre.coʹcious.ness （名词）

Question 12

regale

Answer 12

Etymonline
regale
regale (v.)
1650s, from Fr. régaler "to entertain or feast," from O.Fr. rigale, from gale "merriment," from galer "make merry" (see gallant). Influenced in O.Fr. by se rigoler "amuse oneself, rejoice," of unknown origin. It. regalo is from French. Related: Regaled; regaling.
韦氏大学
re·gale
I. \ri-ˈgāl\ verb
(re·galed ; re·gal·ing)
 Etymology: French régaler, from Middle French, from regale, noun
 Date: circa 1656
 transitive verb
 1. : to entertain sumptuously : feast with delicacies
 2. : to give pleasure or amusement to 

 intransitive verb
  : to feast oneself : feed
II. noun
 Etymology: French régal, from Middle French regale, from re- + galer to have a good time — more at gallant
 Date: 1670
 1. : a sumptuous feast
 2. : a choice piece especially of food

Question 13

sumptuous

Answer 13

sumptuousEtymonlinesumptuoussumptuous (adj.)late 15c., from O.Fr. sumptueux, from L. sumptuosus “costly, expensive,” from sumptus “cost, expense,” pp. of sumere “spend, consume, take,” contraction of *sub-emere, from sub- “under” + emere “to take, buy” (see exempt).韦氏大学sump·tu·ous\ˈsəm(p)(t)-shə-wəs, -shəs, -shwəs\ adjective Etymology: Middle English, from Latin sumptuosus, from sumptus Date: 15th century
: extremely costly, rich, luxurious, or magnificent

   <a>
 also : magnificent 4
 • sump·tu·ous·ly adverb
 • sump·tu·ous·ness noun
美国传统词典英汉
sump.tu.ous
AHD:[sŭmpʹch›-əs] 
D.J.[ˈsʌmptʃuːəs]
K.K.[ˈsʌmptʃuəs]
adj.（形容词）
Of a size or splendor suggesting great expense; lavish:
豪华的，华丽的：在尺寸或华丽的外观上显示出昂贵的；花费奢侈的：
“He likes big meals, so I cook sumptuous ones”(Anaïs Nin)
“他喜欢大餐，所以我做了丰盛的饭菜”(阿奈斯·尼恩)

语源
Middle English 
中古英语
from Old French sumptueux 
源自 古法语 sumptueux
from Latin sūmptuōsus 
源自 拉丁语 sūmptuōsus
from sūmptus [expense] * see sumptuary 
源自 sūmptus [花费，开销] *参见 sumptuary

继承用法
sumpʹtuously adv.（副词）
sumpʹtuousness n.（名词）

Question 14

gallant

Answer 14

Etymonline
gallant
gallant (adj.)
mid-15c., "showy, finely dressed; gay, merry," from O.Fr. galant "courteous," earlier "amusing, entertaining; lively, bold" (14c.), prp. of galer "rejoice, make merry," generally held to be from Latinized verb form of Frankish *wala- "good, well," from P.Gmc. *wal- (cf. O.H.G. wallon "to wander, go on a pilgrimage"), from PIE *wel- "to wish, will" (see will (v.)), "but the transition of sense offers difficulties that are not fully cleared up" [OED]. Sense of "politely attentive to women" was adopted 17c. from French.
Etymonline
gallant
gallant (n.)
"man of fashion and pleasure," mid-15c., earlier "dissolute man, rake" (early 15c.); from gallant (adj.).
韦氏大学
Gal·lant
\ga-ˈlant\ biographical name
  Mavis 1922-     originally Mavis de Trafford Young Canadian-French writer
韦氏大学
gal·lant
I. \gə-ˈlant, gə-ˈlänt, ˈga-lənt\ noun
 Date: 14th century
 1. : a young man of fashion
 2. 
   a. : ladies' man
   b. : suitor
   c. : paramour
II. \ˈga-lənt (usu in sense 2); gə-ˈlant, gə-ˈlänt (usu in sense 3)\ adjective
 Etymology: Middle English galaunt, from Middle French galant, from present participle of galer to have a good time, from Old French, from gale pleasure, of Germanic origin; akin to Old English wela weal — more at weal
 Date: 15th century
 1. : showy in dress or bearing : smart
 2. 
   a. : splendid, stately 
     <a>
   b. : spirited, brave 

c. : nobly chivalrous and often self-sacrificing
3. : courteously and elaborately attentive especially to ladies
Synonyms: see civil
• gal·lant·ly adverb
III. \gə-ˈlant, -ˈlänt\ verb
Date: 1672
transitive verb
1. : to pay court to (a lady) : attend

2. obsolete : to manipulate (a fan) in a modish manner intransitive verb
   : to pay court to ladies

Question 15

denouement

Answer 15

Etymonline
denouement
denouement (n.)
1752, from Fr. dénouement “an untying” (of plot), from dénouer “untie” (O.Fr. desnouer) from des- “un-, out” (see dis-) + nouer “to tie, knot,” from L. nodus “a knot,” from PIE *ned- “to bind, tie” (see net (n.)).
韦氏大学
de·noue·ment
noun
also dé·noue·ment \ˌdā-ˌnü-ˈmäⁿ, dā-ˈnü-ˌ\
Etymology: French dénouement, literally, untying, from Middle French desnouement, from desnouer to untie, from Old French desnoer, from des- de- + noer to tie, from Latin nodare, from nodus knot — more at node
Date: 1705
1. : the final outcome of the main dramatic complication in a literary work
2. : the outcome of a complex sequence of events
美国传统词典英汉
denouement 也作 dé.noue.ment
AHD:[dā’n›-mäɴʹ]
D.J.[ˌdeɪnuːˈmɑːŋ]
K.K.[ˌdenuˈmɑŋ]
n.（名词）
The final resolution or clarification of a dramatic or narrative plot.
结局：戏剧或叙事场景的最后结果
The events following the climax of a drama or novel in which such a resolution or clarification takes place.
在有上述结局的戏剧或小说中，高潮过后的事件
The outcome of a sequence of events; the end result.
（一系列事件的）结果；最终结果

Question 16

covey

Answer 16

Etymonline
covey
covey
mid-14c., "brood of partridges," from M.Fr. covée "brood" (Mod.Fr. couvée), from Gallo-Rom. *cubata, lit. "hatchling," from pp. stem of L. cubare "to sit, incubate, hatch" (see incubation).
韦氏大学
cov·ey
\ˈkə-vē\ noun
(plural coveys)
 Etymology: Middle English, from Anglo-French covee sitting (of hen), from cover to sit on, brood over, from Latin cubare to lie
 Date: 14th century
 1. : a mature bird or pair of birds with a brood of young; also : a small flock
 2. : company, group 
   <a>

Question 17

supine

Answer 17

supine
supine (adj.)
c.1500, from L. supinus “turned or thrown backwards, inactive, indolent,” related to sub “under” (see sub-). The grammatical use for “Latin verbal noun formed from the past participle stem” is from L.L. supinum verbum “supine verb,” perhaps so called because, though furnished with a noun case ending, it “falls back” on the verb.
韦氏大学
su·pine
I. \ˈsü-ˌpīn\ noun
Etymology: Middle English supyn, from Late Latin supinum, from Latin, neuter of supinus, adjective
Date: 15th century
1. : a Latin verbal noun having an accusative of purpose in -um and an ablative of specification in -u
2. : an English infinitive with to
II. \su̇-ˈpīn, attrib also ˈsü-ˌpīn\ adjective
Etymology: Middle English suppyne, from Latin supinus; akin to Latin sub under, up to — more at up
Date: 15th century
1.
a. : lying on the back or with the face upward
b. : marked by supination
2. : exhibiting indolent or apathetic inertia or passivity; especially : mentally or morally slack
3. archaic : leaning or sloping backward
Synonyms: see prone, inactive
• su·pine·ly \su̇-ˈpīn-lē\ adverb
• su·pine·ness -ˈpīn-nəs\ noun
美国传统词典英汉
su.pine
AHD:[s›-pīnʹ, s›ʹpīn’]
D.J.[suːˈpaɪn, ˈsuːˌpaɪn]
K.K.[suˈpaɪn, ˈsuˌpaɪn]
adj.（形容词）
Lying on the back or having the face upward.See Synonyms at prone
仰卧的或腹部向上的参见 prone
Having the palm upward. Used of the hand.
掌心向上的：（指手）手掌朝上的
Marked by or showing lethargy, passivity, or blameworthy indifference.See Synonyms at inactive
懒散的：懒得动的、倦怠的、消极的或漠不关心的参见 inactive
Inclined; sloping.
向后倾斜的；向后靠的
n.Abbr. sup.Grammar （名词）缩写 sup.【语法】
A defective Latin verbal noun of the fourth declension, having very limited syntax and only two cases, an accusative in-tum or -sum and an ablative in -tū or -sū. The accusative form is sometimes considered to be the fourth principal part of the Latin verb.

Question 18

cozen

Answer 18

Etymonline
cozen
cozen
1560s, of uncertain origin; perhaps from Fr. cousiner “cheat on pretext of being a cousin;” or from M.E. cosyn “fraud, trickery” (mid-15c.), perhaps related to O.Fr. coçon “dealer, merchant, trader,” from L. cocionem “horse dealer.” Related: Cozenage.
韦氏大学
coz·en
\ˈkə-zən\ transitive verb
(coz·ened ; coz·en·ing \ˈkəz-niŋ, ˈkə-zə-)
Etymology: perhaps from obsolete Italian cozzonare, from Italian cozzone horse trader, from Latin cocion-, cocio trader
Date: 1573
1. : to deceive, win over, or induce to do something by artful coaxing and wheedling or shrewd trickery
2. : to gain by cozening someone

 Synonyms: see cheat
 • coz·en·er \ˈkəz-nər, ˈkə-zə-\ noun
美国传统词典英汉
coz.en
AHD:[kŭzʹən] 
D.J.[ˈkʌzən]
K.K.[ˈkʌzən]
v.（动词）
coz.ened, coz.en.ing, coz.ens 
v.tr.（及物动词）
To mislead by means of a petty trick or fraud; deceive.
通过小诡计或欺骗来进行诱导；欺骗
To persuade or induce to do something by cajoling or wheedling.
通过哄骗劝诱或引诱（他人）干某事
To obtain by deceit or persuasion.
通过欺骗或劝诱获取（某物）
v.intr.（不及物动词）
To act deceitfully.
干欺骗的勾当

语源
Perhaps from Middle English cosin [fraud, trickery]
可能源自 中古英语 cosin [哄骗，诡计]

继承用法
cozʹener n.（名词）

Question 19

limpid

Answer 19

Etymonline
limpid
limpid (adj.)
c.1600, from Fr. limpide (15c.) and directly from L. limpidus “clear,” from limpa “water goddess, water;” probably cognate with lympha “clear liquid” (see lymph). Related: Limpidly.
韦氏大学
lim·pid
\ˈlim-pəd\ adjective
Etymology: French or Latin; French limpide, from Latin limpidus, perhaps from lympha water — more at lymph
Date: 1613
1.
a. : marked by transparency : pellucid

b. : clear and simple in style

 2. : absolutely serene and untroubled
 Synonyms: see clear
 • lim·pid·i·ty \lim-ˈpi-də-tē\ noun
 • lim·pid·ly \ˈlim-pəd-lē\ adverb
 • lim·pid·ness noun
美国传统词典英汉
lim.pid
AHD:[lĭmʹpĭd] 
D.J.[ˈlɪmpɪd]
K.K.[ˈlɪmpɪd]
adj.（形容词）
Characterized by transparent clearness; pellucid.See Synonyms at clear 
有清澈特征的；透明的参见 clear
Easily intelligible; clear:
容易看懂的；清晰的：
writes in a limpid style.
写得明白易懂
Calm and untroubled; serene.
平静的和无麻烦的；宁静的

Question 20

refulgent

Answer 20

Etymonline
refulgent
refulgent (adj.)
c.1500, from L. refulgentem (nom. refulgens), prp. of refulgere "flash back, shine brilliantly," from re- "back" (see re-) + fulgere "to shine" (see bleach (v.)).
韦氏大学
re·ful·gent
adjective
 see refulgence
美国传统词典英汉
re.ful.gent
AHD:[rĭ-f‹lʹjənt, -fŭlʹ-] 
D.J.[rɪˈfʊldʒənt, -ˈfʌl-]
K.K.[rɪˈfʊldʒənt, -ˈfʌl-]
adj.（形容词）
Shining radiantly; resplendent.
辉耀的；灿烂的

语源
Latin refulgēns refulgent- [present participle of] refulgēre [to flash back]
拉丁语 refulgēns refulgent- [] refulgēre的现在分词 [反射回]
re- [re-]
re- [re-前缀]
fulgēre [to flash] * see bhel- 1
fulgēre [闪烁] *参见 bhel- 1