Regular Flashcards
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0
Q
condonecondone (v.)1857, from L. condonare “to give up, remit, permit,” from com-, intensive prefix (see com-), + donare “to give” (see donation). Originally a legal term in the Matrimonial Causes Act, which made divorce a civil matter in Britain. Related: Condoned; condoning.韦氏大学con·done\kən-ˈdōn\ transitive verb(con·doned ; con·don·ing) Etymology: Latin condonare to absolve, from com- + donare to give — more at donation Date: 1805to regard or treat (something bad or blameworthy) as acceptable, forgivable, or harmless
<a></a>
Synonyms: see excuse • con·don·able \-ˈdō-nə-bəl\ adjective • con·don·er noun 美国传统词典英汉 con.done AHD:[kən-dōnʹ] D.J.[kənˈdəʊn] K.K.[kənˈdon] v.tr.（及物动词） con.doned, con.don.ing, con.dones To overlook, forgive, or disregard (an offense) without protest or censure.See Synonyms at forgive 宽恕：毫无抗议或责备之意地忽视、谅解或宽恕（冒犯行为）参见 forgive
语源 Latin condōnāre 拉丁语 condōnāre com- [intensive pref.] * see com- com- [前缀，表加强词义] *参见 com- dōnāre [to give] from dōnum [gift] * see dō- dōnāre [给] 源自 dōnum [礼物] *参见 dō-
继承用法
condonʹer n.（名词）</a>
A
condonecondone (v.)1857, from L. condonare “to give up, remit, permit,” from com-, intensive prefix (see com-), + donare “to give” (see donation). Originally a legal term in the Matrimonial Causes Act, which made divorce a civil matter in Britain. Related: Condoned; condoning.韦氏大学con·done\kən-ˈdōn\ transitive verb(con·doned ; con·don·ing) Etymology: Latin condonare to absolve, from com- + donare to give — more at donation Date: 1805to regard or treat (something bad or blameworthy) as acceptable, forgivable, or harmless
<a></a>
Synonyms: see excuse • con·don·able \-ˈdō-nə-bəl\ adjective • con·don·er noun 美国传统词典英汉 con.done AHD:[kən-dōnʹ] D.J.[kənˈdəʊn] K.K.[kənˈdon] v.tr.（及物动词） con.doned, con.don.ing, con.dones To overlook, forgive, or disregard (an offense) without protest or censure.See Synonyms at forgive 宽恕：毫无抗议或责备之意地忽视、谅解或宽恕（冒犯行为）参见 forgive
语源 Latin condōnāre 拉丁语 condōnāre com- [intensive pref.] * see com- com- [前缀，表加强词义] *参见 com- dōnāre [to give] from dōnum [gift] * see dō- dōnāre [给] 源自 dōnum [礼物] *参见 dō-
继承用法
condonʹer n.（名词）</a>
1
Q
late 15c., unexplained alteration of M.E. boistous (c.1300) "rough, coarse (as of food), clumsy, violent," of unknown origin, perhaps from Anglo-Fr. bustous "rough (road)," which is perhaps from O.Fr. boisteos "curved, lame; uneven, rough" (Mod.Fr. boiteux), itself of obscure origin. Another guess traces it via Celtic to L. bestia. Used of persons from 1560s. Related: Boisterously; boisterousness. 韦氏大学 bois·ter·ous \ˈbȯi-st(ə-)rəs\ adjective Etymology: Middle English boistous crude, clumsy, from Anglo-French Date: 14th century 1. obsolete a. : coarse b. : durable, strong c. : massive 2. a. : noisily turbulent : rowdy b. : marked by or expressive of exuberance and high spirits 3. : stormy, tumultuous Synonyms: see vociferous • bois·ter·ous·ly adverb • bois·ter·ous·ness noun 美国传统词典英汉 bois.ter.ous AHD:[boiʹstər-əs, -strəs] D.J.[ˈbɔɪstərəs, -strəs] K.K.[ˈbɔɪstərəs, -strəs] adj.（形容词） Rough and stormy; violent. 粗鲁的，狂暴的；暴力的 Loud, noisy, and lacking in restraint or discipline.See Synonyms at vociferous 吵闹的，喧闹的：喧吵的，喧闹的，缺乏约束和纪律的参见 vociferous
语源 Middle English boistres 中古英语 boistres variant of boistous [rude, rough] boistous的变体 [粗鲁的，粗暴的] perhaps from Old French boisteus [lame, limping] 可能源自 古法语 boisteus [跛的，步履蹒跚的] from boiste [knee joint] 源自 boiste [膝关节残废]
继承用法
boisʹterously adv.（副词）
boisʹterousness n.（名词）
A
late 15c., unexplained alteration of M.E. boistous (c.1300) "rough, coarse (as of food), clumsy, violent," of unknown origin, perhaps from Anglo-Fr. bustous "rough (road)," which is perhaps from O.Fr. boisteos "curved, lame; uneven, rough" (Mod.Fr. boiteux), itself of obscure origin. Another guess traces it via Celtic to L. bestia. Used of persons from 1560s. Related: Boisterously; boisterousness. 韦氏大学 bois·ter·ous \ˈbȯi-st(ə-)rəs\ adjective Etymology: Middle English boistous crude, clumsy, from Anglo-French Date: 14th century 1. obsolete a. : coarse b. : durable, strong c. : massive 2. a. : noisily turbulent : rowdy b. : marked by or expressive of exuberance and high spirits 3. : stormy, tumultuous Synonyms: see vociferous • bois·ter·ous·ly adverb • bois·ter·ous·ness noun 美国传统词典英汉 bois.ter.ous AHD:[boiʹstər-əs, -strəs] D.J.[ˈbɔɪstərəs, -strəs] K.K.[ˈbɔɪstərəs, -strəs] adj.（形容词） Rough and stormy; violent. 粗鲁的，狂暴的；暴力的 Loud, noisy, and lacking in restraint or discipline.See Synonyms at vociferous 吵闹的，喧闹的：喧吵的，喧闹的，缺乏约束和纪律的参见 vociferous
语源 Middle English boistres 中古英语 boistres variant of boistous [rude, rough] boistous的变体 [粗鲁的，粗暴的] perhaps from Old French boisteus [lame, limping] 可能源自 古法语 boisteus [跛的，步履蹒跚的] from boiste [knee joint] 源自 boiste [膝关节残废]
继承用法
boisʹterously adv.（副词）
boisʹterousness n.（名词）
2
Q
turbulent (adj.)
1530s, “disorderly, tumultuous, unruly” (of persons), from M.Fr. turbulent (12c.), from L. turbulentus “full of commotion, restless,” from turba “turmoil, crowd” (see turbid). In reference to weather, attested from 1570s.
韦氏大学
tur·bu·lent
-lənt\ adjective
Etymology: Latin turbulentus, from turba confusion, crowd — more at turbid
Date: 1538
1. : causing unrest, violence, or disturbance
<a>
2.
a. : characterized by agitation or tumult : tempestuous
</a><a>
b. : exhibiting physical turbulence</a>
• tur·bu·lent·ly adverb 美国传统词典英汉 tur.bu.lent AHD:[tûrʹbyə-lənt] D.J.[ˈtɜːbjələnt] K.K.[ˈtɝbjələnt] adj.（形容词） Violently agitated or disturbed; tumultuous: 骚动的，动荡的：剧烈扰乱或激化的；处于骚乱状态的，汹涌的： turbulent rapids. 汹涌的急流 Having a chaotic or restless character or tendency: 动荡的，骚乱的：引起大动荡或混乱的；倾向于骚乱的： a turbulent period in history. 历史上的动荡时期 Causing unrest or disturbance; unruly: 有扰乱、骚动作用的，引起骚动的；难控制的： turbulent, revolutionary undercurrents. 骚动的、革命的暗流
语源 Middle English 中古英语 from Old French 源自 古法语 from Latin turbulentus 源自 拉丁语 turbulentus from turba [turmoil] * see turbid 源自 turba [混乱] *参见 turbid
继承用法
turʹbulently adv.（副词）</a>
A
turbulent (adj.)
1530s, “disorderly, tumultuous, unruly” (of persons), from M.Fr. turbulent (12c.), from L. turbulentus “full of commotion, restless,” from turba “turmoil, crowd” (see turbid). In reference to weather, attested from 1570s.
韦氏大学
tur·bu·lent
-lənt\ adjective
Etymology: Latin turbulentus, from turba confusion, crowd — more at turbid
Date: 1538
1. : causing unrest, violence, or disturbance
<a>
2.
a. : characterized by agitation or tumult : tempestuous
</a><a>
b. : exhibiting physical turbulence</a>
• tur·bu·lent·ly adverb 美国传统词典英汉 tur.bu.lent AHD:[tûrʹbyə-lənt] D.J.[ˈtɜːbjələnt] K.K.[ˈtɝbjələnt] adj.（形容词） Violently agitated or disturbed; tumultuous: 骚动的，动荡的：剧烈扰乱或激化的；处于骚乱状态的，汹涌的： turbulent rapids. 汹涌的急流 Having a chaotic or restless character or tendency: 动荡的，骚乱的：引起大动荡或混乱的；倾向于骚乱的： a turbulent period in history. 历史上的动荡时期 Causing unrest or disturbance; unruly: 有扰乱、骚动作用的，引起骚动的；难控制的： turbulent, revolutionary undercurrents. 骚动的、革命的暗流
语源 Middle English 中古英语 from Old French 源自 古法语 from Latin turbulentus 源自 拉丁语 turbulentus from turba [turmoil] * see turbid 源自 turba [混乱] *参见 turbid
继承用法
turʹbulently adv.（副词）</a>
3
Q
Etymonline
turbid
turbid (adj.)
1620s, from L. turbidus “muddy, full of confusion,” from turbare “to confuse, bewilder,” from turba “turmoil, crowd,” probably from Gk. tyrbe “turmoil.”
韦氏大学
tur·bid
\ˈtər-bəd\ adjective
Etymology: Latin turbidus confused, turbid, from turba confusion, crowd, probably from Greek tyrbē confusion
Date: 1626
1.
a. : thick or opaque with or as if with roiled sediment
<a>
b. : heavy with smoke or mist
2.
a. : deficient in clarity or purity : foul, muddy</a>
b. : characterized by or producing obscurity (as of mind or emotions)
• tur·bid·i·ty \ˌtər-ˈbi-də-tē\ noun • tur·bid·ly \ˈtər-bəd-lē\ adverb • tur·bid·ness noun 美国传统词典英汉 tur.bid AHD:[tûrʹbĭd] D.J.[ˈtɜːbɪd] K.K.[ˈtɝbɪd] adj.（形容词） Having sediment or foreign particles stirred up or suspended; muddy: 混浊的：具有染乱的渣滓或沉积物的，有悬浮物的： turbid water. 混浊的水 Heavy, dark, or dense, as smoke or fog. 烟雾浓密的：烟或雾浓、重或黑的 In a state of turmoil; muddled: 混乱的，困扰的：处于混乱的状态的；糊涂的： turbid feelings. 迷乱的感情
语源 Latin turbidus [disordered] 拉丁语 turbidus [无秩序的，混乱的] from turba [turmoil] 源自 turba [混乱] probably from Greek turbē 可能源自 希腊语 turbē
继承用法
turʹbidly adv.（副词）
turʹbidness 或 turbidʹity n.（名词）</a>
A
Etymonline
turbid
turbid (adj.)
1620s, from L. turbidus “muddy, full of confusion,” from turbare “to confuse, bewilder,” from turba “turmoil, crowd,” probably from Gk. tyrbe “turmoil.”
韦氏大学
tur·bid
\ˈtər-bəd\ adjective
Etymology: Latin turbidus confused, turbid, from turba confusion, crowd, probably from Greek tyrbē confusion
Date: 1626
1.
a. : thick or opaque with or as if with roiled sediment
<a>
b. : heavy with smoke or mist
2.
a. : deficient in clarity or purity : foul, muddy</a>
b. : characterized by or producing obscurity (as of mind or emotions)
• tur·bid·i·ty \ˌtər-ˈbi-də-tē\ noun • tur·bid·ly \ˈtər-bəd-lē\ adverb • tur·bid·ness noun 美国传统词典英汉 tur.bid AHD:[tûrʹbĭd] D.J.[ˈtɜːbɪd] K.K.[ˈtɝbɪd] adj.（形容词） Having sediment or foreign particles stirred up or suspended; muddy: 混浊的：具有染乱的渣滓或沉积物的，有悬浮物的： turbid water. 混浊的水 Heavy, dark, or dense, as smoke or fog. 烟雾浓密的：烟或雾浓、重或黑的 In a state of turmoil; muddled: 混乱的，困扰的：处于混乱的状态的；糊涂的： turbid feelings. 迷乱的感情
语源 Latin turbidus [disordered] 拉丁语 turbidus [无秩序的，混乱的] from turba [turmoil] 源自 turba [混乱] probably from Greek turbē 可能源自 希腊语 turbē
继承用法
turʹbidly adv.（副词）
turʹbidness 或 turbidʹity n.（名词）</a>
4
Q
turmoil turmoil (n.) 1520s, perhaps an alteration of M.Fr. tremouille "mill hopper," in reference to the hopper's constant motion to and fro, from L. trimodia "vessel containing three modii," from modius, a Roman dry measure, related to modus "measure." Attested earlier in English as a verb (1510s), though this now is obsolete. 韦氏大学 tur·moil \ˈtər-ˌmȯi(-ə)l\ noun Etymology: origin unknown Date: 1526 : a state or condition of extreme confusion, agitation, or commotion 美国传统词典英汉 tur.moil AHD:[tûrʹmoil'] D.J.[ˈtɜːˌmɔɪl] K.K.[ˈtɝˌmɔɪl] n.（名词） A state of extreme confusion or agitation; commotion or tumult: 动乱：完全混乱或极端骚动的状态；骚乱或动乱： a country in turmoil over labor strikes. 处于工人罢工造成的动乱中的国家
语源
[Origin unknown]
[词源不明]
A
turmoil turmoil (n.) 1520s, perhaps an alteration of M.Fr. tremouille "mill hopper," in reference to the hopper's constant motion to and fro, from L. trimodia "vessel containing three modii," from modius, a Roman dry measure, related to modus "measure." Attested earlier in English as a verb (1510s), though this now is obsolete. 韦氏大学 tur·moil \ˈtər-ˌmȯi(-ə)l\ noun Etymology: origin unknown Date: 1526 : a state or condition of extreme confusion, agitation, or commotion 美国传统词典英汉 tur.moil AHD:[tûrʹmoil'] D.J.[ˈtɜːˌmɔɪl] K.K.[ˈtɝˌmɔɪl] n.（名词） A state of extreme confusion or agitation; commotion or tumult: 动乱：完全混乱或极端骚动的状态；骚乱或动乱： a country in turmoil over labor strikes. 处于工人罢工造成的动乱中的国家
语源
[Origin unknown]
[词源不明]
5
Q
Etymonlinesumptuoussumptuous (adj.)late 15c., from O.Fr. sumptueux, from L. sumptuosus “costly, expensive,” from sumptus “cost, expense,” pp. of sumere “spend, consume, take,” contraction of *sub-emere, from sub- “under” + emere “to take, buy” (see exempt).韦氏大学sump·tu·ous\ˈsəm(p)(t)-shə-wəs, -shəs, -shwəs\ adjective Etymology: Middle English, from Latin sumptuosus, from sumptus Date: 15th century
: extremely costly, rich, luxurious, or magnificent
<a> also : magnificent 4 • sump·tu·ous·ly adverb • sump·tu·ous·ness noun 美国传统词典英汉 sump.tu.ous AHD:[sŭmpʹch›-əs] D.J.[ˈsʌmptʃuːəs] K.K.[ˈsʌmptʃuəs] adj.（形容词） Of a size or splendor suggesting great expense; lavish: 豪华的，华丽的：在尺寸或华丽的外观上显示出昂贵的；花费奢侈的： “He likes big meals, so I cook sumptuous ones”(Anaïs Nin) “他喜欢大餐，所以我做了丰盛的饭菜”(阿奈斯·尼恩)
语源 Middle English 中古英语 from Old French sumptueux 源自 古法语 sumptueux from Latin sūmptuōsus 源自 拉丁语 sūmptuōsus from sūmptus [expense] * see sumptuary 源自 sūmptus [花费，开销] *参见 sumptuary
继承用法
sumpʹtuously adv.（副词）
sumpʹtuousness n.（名词）</a>
A
Etymonlinesumptuoussumptuous (adj.)late 15c., from O.Fr. sumptueux, from L. sumptuosus “costly, expensive,” from sumptus “cost, expense,” pp. of sumere “spend, consume, take,” contraction of *sub-emere, from sub- “under” + emere “to take, buy” (see exempt).韦氏大学sump·tu·ous\ˈsəm(p)(t)-shə-wəs, -shəs, -shwəs\ adjective Etymology: Middle English, from Latin sumptuosus, from sumptus Date: 15th century
: extremely costly, rich, luxurious, or magnificent
<a> also : magnificent 4 • sump·tu·ous·ly adverb • sump·tu·ous·ness noun 美国传统词典英汉 sump.tu.ous AHD:[sŭmpʹch›-əs] D.J.[ˈsʌmptʃuːəs] K.K.[ˈsʌmptʃuəs] adj.（形容词） Of a size or splendor suggesting great expense; lavish: 豪华的，华丽的：在尺寸或华丽的外观上显示出昂贵的；花费奢侈的： “He likes big meals, so I cook sumptuous ones”(Anaïs Nin) “他喜欢大餐，所以我做了丰盛的饭菜”(阿奈斯·尼恩)
语源 Middle English 中古英语 from Old French sumptueux 源自 古法语 sumptueux from Latin sūmptuōsus 源自 拉丁语 sūmptuōsus from sūmptus [expense] * see sumptuary 源自 sūmptus [花费，开销] *参见 sumptuary
继承用法
sumpʹtuously adv.（副词）
sumpʹtuousness n.（名词）</a>
6
Q
MahayanaMahayanatype of Buddhism practiced in northern Asia, 1868, from Sanskrit, from maha “great,” from PIE root *meg- “great” (see magnate) + yana “vehicle,” from PIE root *ei- “to go” (see ion).韦氏大学Ma·ha·ya·na\ˌmä-hə-ˈyä-nə\ noun Etymology: Sanskrit mahāyāna, literally, great vehicle Date: 1855a liberal and theistic branch of Buddhism comprising sects chiefly in China and Japan, recognizing a large body of scripture in addition to the Pali canon, and teaching social concern and universal salvation — compare Theravada
• Ma·ha·ya·nist -ˈyä-nist\ noun or adjective
• Ma·ha·ya·nis·tic -yä-ˈnis-tik\ adjective
美国传统词典英汉
Ma.ha.ya.na
AHD:[mä’hə-yäʹnə]
D.J.[ˌmɑːhəˈjɑːnə]
K.K.[ˌmɑhəˈjɑnə]
n.（名词）
One of the major schools of Buddhism, active in Japan, Korea, Nepal, Tibet, Mongolia, and China, which teaches social concern and universal salvation.
大乘佛教：佛教的主要流派之一，流传于日本、朝鲜、尼泊尔、西藏、蒙古和中国，教导人们关心社会和普渡众生
语源 Sanskrit Mahāyānam 梵文 Mahāyānam mahā- [great] * see meg- mahā- [伟大的] *参见 meg- yānam [vehicle] * see ei- yānam [载体] *参见 ei-
继承用法
Ma’hayaʹnist n.（名词）
Ma’hayanisʹtic adj.（形容词）
A
MahayanaMahayanatype of Buddhism practiced in northern Asia, 1868, from Sanskrit, from maha “great,” from PIE root *meg- “great” (see magnate) + yana “vehicle,” from PIE root *ei- “to go” (see ion).韦氏大学Ma·ha·ya·na\ˌmä-hə-ˈyä-nə\ noun Etymology: Sanskrit mahāyāna, literally, great vehicle Date: 1855a liberal and theistic branch of Buddhism comprising sects chiefly in China and Japan, recognizing a large body of scripture in addition to the Pali canon, and teaching social concern and universal salvation — compare Theravada
• Ma·ha·ya·nist -ˈyä-nist\ noun or adjective
• Ma·ha·ya·nis·tic -yä-ˈnis-tik\ adjective
美国传统词典英汉
Ma.ha.ya.na
AHD:[mä’hə-yäʹnə]
D.J.[ˌmɑːhəˈjɑːnə]
K.K.[ˌmɑhəˈjɑnə]
n.（名词）
One of the major schools of Buddhism, active in Japan, Korea, Nepal, Tibet, Mongolia, and China, which teaches social concern and universal salvation.
大乘佛教：佛教的主要流派之一，流传于日本、朝鲜、尼泊尔、西藏、蒙古和中国，教导人们关心社会和普渡众生
语源 Sanskrit Mahāyānam 梵文 Mahāyānam mahā- [great] * see meg- mahā- [伟大的] *参见 meg- yānam [vehicle] * see ei- yānam [载体] *参见 ei-
继承用法
Ma’hayaʹnist n.（名词）
Ma’hayanisʹtic adj.（形容词）
7
Q
Etymonline itinerary itinerary (n.) mid-15c., "route of travel," from L.L. itinerarium "account of a journey," noun use of neuter of itinerarius "of a journey," from L. itineris "journey" (see itinerant). By late 15c. it meant "record of a journey;" extended sense "sketch of a proposed route" is from 1856. 韦氏大学 itin·er·ary \ī-ˈti-nə-ˌrer-ē, ə-, chiefly Brit ÷-ˈti-nə-rē\ noun (plural -ar·ies) Date: 15th century 1. : the route of a journey or tour or the proposed outline of one 2. : a travel diary 3. : a traveler's guidebook • itinerary adjective 美国传统词典英汉 i.tin.er.ar.y AHD:[ī-tĭnʹə-rĕr'ē, ĭ-tĭnʹ-] D.J.[aɪˈtɪnəˌreriː, ɪˈtɪn-] K.K.[aɪˈtɪnəˌrɛri, ɪˈtɪn-] n.（名词） 【复数】 i.tin.er.ar.ies A route or proposed route of a journey. 旅程，路线：旅行路线，或旅行预定的路线 An account or a record of a journey. 游记，旅行日记：对旅行的陈述或记录 A guidebook for travelers. 旅行指南 adj.（形容词） Of or relating to a journey or route. 旅行的，路线的：旅行的或路线的，或与它们相关的 Traveling from place to place; itinerant. 巡回的，巡游的：从一地旅游到另一个地方；巡回的
语源
Middle English itinerarie
中古英语 itinerarie
from Late Latin itinerārium [account of a journey] [from neuter of] itinerārius [of traveling]
源自 后期拉丁语 itinerārium [旅行的记录] [] 源自itinerārius的中性词 [旅行的]
from Latin iter itiner- [journey] * see ei-
源自 拉丁语 iter itiner- [旅行] *参见 ei-
A
Etymonline itinerary itinerary (n.) mid-15c., "route of travel," from L.L. itinerarium "account of a journey," noun use of neuter of itinerarius "of a journey," from L. itineris "journey" (see itinerant). By late 15c. it meant "record of a journey;" extended sense "sketch of a proposed route" is from 1856. 韦氏大学 itin·er·ary \ī-ˈti-nə-ˌrer-ē, ə-, chiefly Brit ÷-ˈti-nə-rē\ noun (plural -ar·ies) Date: 15th century 1. : the route of a journey or tour or the proposed outline of one 2. : a travel diary 3. : a traveler's guidebook • itinerary adjective 美国传统词典英汉 i.tin.er.ar.y AHD:[ī-tĭnʹə-rĕr'ē, ĭ-tĭnʹ-] D.J.[aɪˈtɪnəˌreriː, ɪˈtɪn-] K.K.[aɪˈtɪnəˌrɛri, ɪˈtɪn-] n.（名词） 【复数】 i.tin.er.ar.ies A route or proposed route of a journey. 旅程，路线：旅行路线，或旅行预定的路线 An account or a record of a journey. 游记，旅行日记：对旅行的陈述或记录 A guidebook for travelers. 旅行指南 adj.（形容词） Of or relating to a journey or route. 旅行的，路线的：旅行的或路线的，或与它们相关的 Traveling from place to place; itinerant. 巡回的，巡游的：从一地旅游到另一个地方；巡回的
语源
Middle English itinerarie
中古英语 itinerarie
from Late Latin itinerārium [account of a journey] [from neuter of] itinerārius [of traveling]
源自 后期拉丁语 itinerārium [旅行的记录] [] 源自itinerārius的中性词 [旅行的]
from Latin iter itiner- [journey] * see ei-
源自 拉丁语 iter itiner- [旅行] *参见 ei-
8
Q
commence (v.) c.1300, from O.Fr. comencier "to begin, start" (10c., Mod.Fr. commencer), from V.L. *cominitiare, originally "to initiate as priest, consecrate," from L. com- "together" (see com-) + initiare "to initiate," from initium (see initial). Spelling with double -m- began in French and was established in English by 1500. Related: Commenced; commencing. 韦氏大学 com·mence \kə-ˈmen(t)s\ verb (com·menced ; com·menc·ing) Etymology: Middle English comencen, from Anglo-French comencer, from Vulgar Latin *cominitiare, from Latin com- + Late Latin initiare to begin, from Latin, to initiate Date: 14th century transitive verb : to enter upon : begin
intransitive verb
1. : to have or make a beginning : start
2. chiefly British : to take a degree at a university Synonyms: see begin • com·menc·er noun 美国传统词典英汉 com.mence AHD:[kə-mĕnsʹ] D.J.[kəˈmens] K.K.[kəˈmɛns] v.（动词） com.menced, com.menc.ing, com.menc.es v.tr.（及物动词） To begin; start. 开始；起动 v.intr.（不及物动词） To enter upon or have a beginning; start.See Synonyms at begin 进入或有开始；起动参见 begin
语源 Middle English commencen 中古英语 commencen from Old French comencier 源自 古法语 comencier from Vulgar Latin *cominitiāre 源自 俗拉丁语 *cominitiāre Latin com- [intensive pref.] * see com- 拉丁语 com- [加强语气的前缀] *参见 com- Late Latin initiāre [to begin] from Latin initium [beginning] * see ei- 后期拉丁语 initiāre [开始] 源自 拉丁语 initium [开头] *参见 ei-
继承用法
commencʹer n.（名词）
A
commence (v.) c.1300, from O.Fr. comencier "to begin, start" (10c., Mod.Fr. commencer), from V.L. *cominitiare, originally "to initiate as priest, consecrate," from L. com- "together" (see com-) + initiare "to initiate," from initium (see initial). Spelling with double -m- began in French and was established in English by 1500. Related: Commenced; commencing. 韦氏大学 com·mence \kə-ˈmen(t)s\ verb (com·menced ; com·menc·ing) Etymology: Middle English comencen, from Anglo-French comencer, from Vulgar Latin *cominitiare, from Latin com- + Late Latin initiare to begin, from Latin, to initiate Date: 14th century transitive verb : to enter upon : begin
intransitive verb
1. : to have or make a beginning : start
2. chiefly British : to take a degree at a university Synonyms: see begin • com·menc·er noun 美国传统词典英汉 com.mence AHD:[kə-mĕnsʹ] D.J.[kəˈmens] K.K.[kəˈmɛns] v.（动词） com.menced, com.menc.ing, com.menc.es v.tr.（及物动词） To begin; start. 开始；起动 v.intr.（不及物动词） To enter upon or have a beginning; start.See Synonyms at begin 进入或有开始；起动参见 begin
语源 Middle English commencen 中古英语 commencen from Old French comencier 源自 古法语 comencier from Vulgar Latin *cominitiāre 源自 俗拉丁语 *cominitiāre Latin com- [intensive pref.] * see com- 拉丁语 com- [加强语气的前缀] *参见 com- Late Latin initiāre [to begin] from Latin initium [beginning] * see ei- 后期拉丁语 initiāre [开始] 源自 拉丁语 initium [开头] *参见 ei-
继承用法
commencʹer n.（名词）
9
Q
initiative (n.)1793, “that which begins,” also “power of initiating,” from Fr. initiative (1560s), from L. initiatus (see initiation). First attested in English in writings of William Godwin. Phrase take the initiative recorded by 1844.韦氏大学ini·tia·tiveI. \i-ˈni-shə-tiv also -shē-ə-tiv\ adjective Date: 1795
: of or relating to initiation : introductory, preliminary
II. noun
Date: 1793
1. : an introductory step
- : energy or aptitude displayed in initiation of action : enterprise
- a. : the right to initiate legislative action
b. : a procedure enabling a specified number of voters by petition to propose a law and secure its submission to the electorate or to the legislature for approval — compare referendum 1
•
- on one’s own initiative
美国传统词典英汉
in.i.tia.tive
AHD:[ĭ-nĭshʹə-tĭv]
D.J.[ɪˈnɪʃətɪv]
K.K.[ɪˈnɪʃətɪv]
n.（名词）
The power or ability to begin or to follow through energetically with a plan or task; enterprise and determination.
首创精神，进取心：开始并精力充沛地执行一项计划、任务的力量或能力；进取心和决心
A beginning or introductory step; an opening move:
率先，开端：开始的、初级的阶段；公开的行动：
took the initiative in trying to solve the problem.
开始着手试图解决这个问题
The power or right to introduce a new legislative measure.
立法提案权：采取一种新的立法措施的能力或权利
The right and procedure by which citizens can propose a law by petition and ensure its submission to the electorate.
革命立法提案权：一种权利和程序，通过它们公民可以通过请愿形式提出一项法案并将其提交给选举团
adj.（形容词）
Of or relating to initiation.
开始的：开始的或与开始有关的
Used to initiate; initiatory.
起初的，初步的：用来开始的；初步的
习惯用语
on (one’s) own initiative
Without prompting or direction from others; on one’s own.
自主的：没有他人的怂勇或指导的；自己做主的
继承用法
iniʹtiatively adv.（副词）
A
initiative (n.)1793, “that which begins,” also “power of initiating,” from Fr. initiative (1560s), from L. initiatus (see initiation). First attested in English in writings of William Godwin. Phrase take the initiative recorded by 1844.韦氏大学ini·tia·tiveI. \i-ˈni-shə-tiv also -shē-ə-tiv\ adjective Date: 1795
: of or relating to initiation : introductory, preliminary
II. noun
Date: 1793
1. : an introductory step
- : energy or aptitude displayed in initiation of action : enterprise
- a. : the right to initiate legislative action
b. : a procedure enabling a specified number of voters by petition to propose a law and secure its submission to the electorate or to the legislature for approval — compare referendum 1
•
- on one’s own initiative
美国传统词典英汉
in.i.tia.tive
AHD:[ĭ-nĭshʹə-tĭv]
D.J.[ɪˈnɪʃətɪv]
K.K.[ɪˈnɪʃətɪv]
n.（名词）
The power or ability to begin or to follow through energetically with a plan or task; enterprise and determination.
首创精神，进取心：开始并精力充沛地执行一项计划、任务的力量或能力；进取心和决心
A beginning or introductory step; an opening move:
率先，开端：开始的、初级的阶段；公开的行动：
took the initiative in trying to solve the problem.
开始着手试图解决这个问题
The power or right to introduce a new legislative measure.
立法提案权：采取一种新的立法措施的能力或权利
The right and procedure by which citizens can propose a law by petition and ensure its submission to the electorate.
革命立法提案权：一种权利和程序，通过它们公民可以通过请愿形式提出一项法案并将其提交给选举团
adj.（形容词）
Of or relating to initiation.
开始的：开始的或与开始有关的
Used to initiate; initiatory.
起初的，初步的：用来开始的；初步的
习惯用语
on (one’s) own initiative
Without prompting or direction from others; on one’s own.
自主的：没有他人的怂勇或指导的；自己做主的
继承用法
iniʹtiatively adv.（副词）
10
Q
Etymonline
initiate
initiate (n.)
“one who has been initiated,” 1811, from pp. adj. initiate (c.1600); see initiate (v.).
Etymonline
initiate
initiate (v.)
c.1600, “introduce to some practice or system,” also “begin, set going,” from L. initiatus, pp. of initiare “to begin, originate,” from initium “beginning” (see initial). In some senses a back formation from initiation. Related: Initiated; initiates; initiating; initiator.
韦氏大学
initiate
I. ini·ti·ate \i-ˈni-shē-ˌāt\ transitive verb
(-at·ed ; -at·ing)
Etymology: Late Latin initiatus, past participle of initiare, from Latin, to induct, from initium
Date: 1533
1. : to cause or facilitate the beginning of : set going
- : to induct into membership by or as if by special rites
- : to instruct in the rudiments or principles of something : introduce
Synonyms: see begin
• ini·ti·a·tor -ˌā-tər\ noun
II. ini·tiate \i-ˈni-sh(ē-)ət\ adjective
Date: 1537 - a. : initiated or properly admitted (as to membership or an office)
b. : instructed in some secret knowledge - obsolete : relating to an initiate
III. ini·tiate \i-ˈni-sh(ē-)ət\ noun
Date: 1811 - : a person who is undergoing or has undergone an initiation
- : a person who is instructed or adept in some special field
美国传统词典英汉
in.i.ti.ate
AHD:[ĭ-nĭshʹē-āt’]
D.J.[ɪˈnɪʃiːˌeɪt]
K.K.[ɪˈnɪʃiˌet]
v.tr.（及物动词）
in.i.ti.at.ed, in.i.ti.at.ing, in.i.ti.ates
To set going by taking the first step; begin:
开始：展开最初的工作；开始：
initiated trade with developing nations.See Synonyms at begin
开始与发展中国家的贸易参见 begin
To introduce to a new field, interest, skill, or activity.
入门指导：使了解一个新领域、产生新兴趣、学会新技能或开展新活动
To admit into membership, as with ceremonies or ritual.
接纳：接纳…为会员，伴有仪式或典礼
adj.（形容词）
AHD:[-ĭt]
Initiated or admitted, as to membership or a position of authority.
新入的：被接纳或承认的，如会员资格或一个有权力的职位
Instructed in esoteric knowledge.
授以深奥知识的
Introduced to something new.
启蒙的：被教给新东西的
n.（名词）
AHD:[-ĭt]
One who is being or has been initiated.
入会者：正在被或已被接纳了的人
One who has been introduced to or has attained knowledge in a particular field.
被传授了初步知识的人：已被引入或熟悉某一特定领域知识的人
语源 Latin initiāre initiāt- 拉丁语 initiāre initiāt- from initium [beginning] * see ei- 源自 initium [开始] *参见 ei-
继承用法
iniʹtia’tor n.（名词）
A
Etymonline
initiate
initiate (n.)
“one who has been initiated,” 1811, from pp. adj. initiate (c.1600); see initiate (v.).
Etymonline
initiate
initiate (v.)
c.1600, “introduce to some practice or system,” also “begin, set going,” from L. initiatus, pp. of initiare “to begin, originate,” from initium “beginning” (see initial). In some senses a back formation from initiation. Related: Initiated; initiates; initiating; initiator.
韦氏大学
initiate
I. ini·ti·ate \i-ˈni-shē-ˌāt\ transitive verb
(-at·ed ; -at·ing)
Etymology: Late Latin initiatus, past participle of initiare, from Latin, to induct, from initium
Date: 1533
1. : to cause or facilitate the beginning of : set going
- : to induct into membership by or as if by special rites
- : to instruct in the rudiments or principles of something : introduce
Synonyms: see begin
• ini·ti·a·tor -ˌā-tər\ noun
II. ini·tiate \i-ˈni-sh(ē-)ət\ adjective
Date: 1537 - a. : initiated or properly admitted (as to membership or an office)
b. : instructed in some secret knowledge - obsolete : relating to an initiate
III. ini·tiate \i-ˈni-sh(ē-)ət\ noun
Date: 1811 - : a person who is undergoing or has undergone an initiation
- : a person who is instructed or adept in some special field
美国传统词典英汉
in.i.ti.ate
AHD:[ĭ-nĭshʹē-āt’]
D.J.[ɪˈnɪʃiːˌeɪt]
K.K.[ɪˈnɪʃiˌet]
v.tr.（及物动词）
in.i.ti.at.ed, in.i.ti.at.ing, in.i.ti.ates
To set going by taking the first step; begin:
开始：展开最初的工作；开始：
initiated trade with developing nations.See Synonyms at begin
开始与发展中国家的贸易参见 begin
To introduce to a new field, interest, skill, or activity.
入门指导：使了解一个新领域、产生新兴趣、学会新技能或开展新活动
To admit into membership, as with ceremonies or ritual.
接纳：接纳…为会员，伴有仪式或典礼
adj.（形容词）
AHD:[-ĭt]
Initiated or admitted, as to membership or a position of authority.
新入的：被接纳或承认的，如会员资格或一个有权力的职位
Instructed in esoteric knowledge.
授以深奥知识的
Introduced to something new.
启蒙的：被教给新东西的
n.（名词）
AHD:[-ĭt]
One who is being or has been initiated.
入会者：正在被或已被接纳了的人
One who has been introduced to or has attained knowledge in a particular field.
被传授了初步知识的人：已被引入或熟悉某一特定领域知识的人
语源 Latin initiāre initiāt- 拉丁语 initiāre initiāt- from initium [beginning] * see ei- 源自 initium [开始] *参见 ei-
继承用法
iniʹtia’tor n.（名词）
11
Q
perishable perishable (adj.) late 15c., perysabyl, from M.Fr. périssable, and later (in modern form), 1610s, directly from perish + -able. As a noun, perishables, in reference to foodstuffs, is attested from 1895. 韦氏大学 per·ish·able \ˈper-i-shə-bəl, ˈpe-ri-\ adjective Date: 1611 : liable to perish : liable to spoil or decay
• per·ish·abil·i·ty \ˌper-i-shə-ˈbi-lə-tē, ˌpe-ri-\ noun • perishable noun 美国传统词典英汉 per.ish.a.ble AHD:[pĕrʹĭ-shə-bəl] D.J.[ˈperɪʃəbəl] K.K.[ˈpɛrɪʃəbəl] adj.（形容词） Subject to decay, spoilage, or destruction. 易腐败、损耗或毁灭的 n.（名词） Something, especially foodstuff, subject to decay or spoilage. Often used in the plural. 某些东西，尤指食物是易腐败的。常用做复数
继承用法
per’ishabilʹity 或 perʹishableness n.（名词）
perʹishably adv.（副词）
A
perishable perishable (adj.) late 15c., perysabyl, from M.Fr. périssable, and later (in modern form), 1610s, directly from perish + -able. As a noun, perishables, in reference to foodstuffs, is attested from 1895. 韦氏大学 per·ish·able \ˈper-i-shə-bəl, ˈpe-ri-\ adjective Date: 1611 : liable to perish : liable to spoil or decay
• per·ish·abil·i·ty \ˌper-i-shə-ˈbi-lə-tē, ˌpe-ri-\ noun • perishable noun 美国传统词典英汉 per.ish.a.ble AHD:[pĕrʹĭ-shə-bəl] D.J.[ˈperɪʃəbəl] K.K.[ˈpɛrɪʃəbəl] adj.（形容词） Subject to decay, spoilage, or destruction. 易腐败、损耗或毁灭的 n.（名词） Something, especially foodstuff, subject to decay or spoilage. Often used in the plural. 某些东西，尤指食物是易腐败的。常用做复数
继承用法
per’ishabilʹity 或 perʹishableness n.（名词）
perʹishably adv.（副词）
12
Q
sedition (n.) late 14c., "rebellion," from O.Fr. sedicion, from L. seditionem (nom. seditio) "civil disorder, dissention," lit. "a going apart, separation," from se- "apart" (see secret) + itio "a going," from pp. of ire "to go" (see ion). Meaning "conduct or language inciting to rebellion against a lawful government" is from 1838. An Old English word for it was folcslite. 韦氏大学 se·di·tion \si-ˈdi-shən\ noun Etymology: Middle English sedicioun, from Anglo-French sediciun, from Latin sedition-, seditio, literally, separation, from sed-, se- apart + ition-, itio act of going, from ire to go — more at secede, issue Date: 14th century : incitement of resistance to or insurrection against lawful authority 美国传统词典英汉 se.di.tion AHD:[sĭ-dĭshʹən] D.J.[sɪˈdɪʃən] K.K.[sɪˈdɪʃən] n.（名词） Conduct or language inciting rebellion against the authority of a state. 煽动言论：煽动反对政府当局的反叛行为或言论 Insurrection; rebellion. 反叛；暴动
语源
Middle English sedicioun [violent party strife]
中古英语 sedicioun [激烈的政党之争]
from Old French sedition
源自 古法语 sedition
from Latin sēditiō sēditiōn-
源自 拉丁语 sēditiō sēditiōn-
sēd-, sē- [apart] * see s(w)e-
sēd-, sē- [分开的] *参见 s(w)e-
itiō [act of going] from itus [past participle of] īre [to go] * see ei-
itiō [走的行为] 源自 itus [] īre的过去分词 [去] *参见 ei-
继承用法
sediʹtionist n.（名词）
A
sedition (n.) late 14c., "rebellion," from O.Fr. sedicion, from L. seditionem (nom. seditio) "civil disorder, dissention," lit. "a going apart, separation," from se- "apart" (see secret) + itio "a going," from pp. of ire "to go" (see ion). Meaning "conduct or language inciting to rebellion against a lawful government" is from 1838. An Old English word for it was folcslite. 韦氏大学 se·di·tion \si-ˈdi-shən\ noun Etymology: Middle English sedicioun, from Anglo-French sediciun, from Latin sedition-, seditio, literally, separation, from sed-, se- apart + ition-, itio act of going, from ire to go — more at secede, issue Date: 14th century : incitement of resistance to or insurrection against lawful authority 美国传统词典英汉 se.di.tion AHD:[sĭ-dĭshʹən] D.J.[sɪˈdɪʃən] K.K.[sɪˈdɪʃən] n.（名词） Conduct or language inciting rebellion against the authority of a state. 煽动言论：煽动反对政府当局的反叛行为或言论 Insurrection; rebellion. 反叛；暴动
语源
Middle English sedicioun [violent party strife]
中古英语 sedicioun [激烈的政党之争]
from Old French sedition
源自 古法语 sedition
from Latin sēditiō sēditiōn-
源自 拉丁语 sēditiō sēditiōn-
sēd-, sē- [apart] * see s(w)e-
sēd-, sē- [分开的] *参见 s(w)e-
itiō [act of going] from itus [past participle of] īre [to go] * see ei-
itiō [走的行为] 源自 itus [] īre的过去分词 [去] *参见 ei-
继承用法
sediʹtionist n.（名词）
13
Q
Etymonline
liturgy
liturgy (n.)
1550s, “the service of the Holy Eucharist,” from M.Fr. liturgie or directly from L.L./M.L. liturgia “public service, public worship,” from Gk. leitourgia “a liturgy; public duty, ministration, ministry,” from leitourgos “one who performs a public ceremony or service, public servant,” from leito- “public” (from laos “people;” cf. leiton “public hall,” leite “priestess;” see lay (adj.)) + -ergos “that works,” from ergon “work” (see urge (v.)). Meaning “collective formulas for the conduct of divine service in Christian churches” is from 1590s.
韦氏大学
lit·ur·gy
\ˈli-tər-jē\ noun
(plural -gies)
Etymology: Late Latin liturgia, from Greek leitourgia public service, from Greek (Attic) leïton public building (from Greek laos — Attic leōs — people) + -ourgia -urgy
Date: 1560
1. often capitalized : a eucharistic rite
2. : a rite or body of rites prescribed for public worship
3. : a customary repertoire of ideas, phrases, or observances
美国传统词典英汉
lit.ur.gy
AHD:[lĭtʹər-jē]
D.J.[ˈlɪtədʒiː]
K.K.[ˈlɪtədʒi]
n.（名词）
【复数】 lit.ur.gies
A prescribed form or set of forms for public Christian ceremonies; ritual.
礼拜仪式：基督教公开典礼的一种规定或一整套模式；典礼
Often Liturgy The sacrament of the Eucharist.
常作 Liturgy 圣桑典礼
语源 Late Latin lītūrgia 后期拉丁语 lītūrgia from Greek leitourgia [public service] 源自 希腊语 leitourgia [公共礼拜] from leitourgos [public servant] 源自 leitourgos [公众的佣人] lēos leit- [people] variant of laos lēos leit- [人] laos的变体 ergon [work] * see werg- ergon [工作] *参见 werg-
A
Etymonline
liturgy
liturgy (n.)
1550s, “the service of the Holy Eucharist,” from M.Fr. liturgie or directly from L.L./M.L. liturgia “public service, public worship,” from Gk. leitourgia “a liturgy; public duty, ministration, ministry,” from leitourgos “one who performs a public ceremony or service, public servant,” from leito- “public” (from laos “people;” cf. leiton “public hall,” leite “priestess;” see lay (adj.)) + -ergos “that works,” from ergon “work” (see urge (v.)). Meaning “collective formulas for the conduct of divine service in Christian churches” is from 1590s.
韦氏大学
lit·ur·gy
\ˈli-tər-jē\ noun
(plural -gies)
Etymology: Late Latin liturgia, from Greek leitourgia public service, from Greek (Attic) leïton public building (from Greek laos — Attic leōs — people) + -ourgia -urgy
Date: 1560
1. often capitalized : a eucharistic rite
2. : a rite or body of rites prescribed for public worship
3. : a customary repertoire of ideas, phrases, or observances
美国传统词典英汉
lit.ur.gy
AHD:[lĭtʹər-jē]
D.J.[ˈlɪtədʒiː]
K.K.[ˈlɪtədʒi]
n.（名词）
【复数】 lit.ur.gies
A prescribed form or set of forms for public Christian ceremonies; ritual.
礼拜仪式：基督教公开典礼的一种规定或一整套模式；典礼
Often Liturgy The sacrament of the Eucharist.
常作 Liturgy 圣桑典礼
语源 Late Latin lītūrgia 后期拉丁语 lītūrgia from Greek leitourgia [public service] 源自 希腊语 leitourgia [公共礼拜] from leitourgos [public servant] 源自 leitourgos [公众的佣人] lēos leit- [people] variant of laos lēos leit- [人] laos的变体 ergon [work] * see werg- ergon [工作] *参见 werg-
14
Q
argonargon (n.)chemical element, 1894, Modern Latin, from Gk. argon, neuter of argos “lazy, idle, not working the ground, living without labor,” from a- “without” (see a- (3)) + ergon “work” (see urge (v.)). So called by its discoverers, Baron Rayleigh and Sir William Ramsay, for its inert qualities.韦氏大学ar·gon\ˈär-ˌgän\ noun Etymology: Greek, neuter of argos idle, lazy, from a- + ergon work; from its relative inertness — more at work Date: 1894a colorless odorless inert gaseous element found in the air and in volcanic gases and used especially in welding, lasers, and electric bulbs — see element table
美国传统词典英汉
ar.gon
AHD:[ärʹgŏn’]
D.J.[ˈɑːˌgɒn]
K.K.[ˈɑrˌgɑn]
n.Symbol Ar （名词）符号 Ar
A colorless, odorless, inert gaseous element constituting approximately one percent of Earth’s atmosphere, from which it is commercially obtained by fractionation for use in electric light bulbs, fluorescent tubes, and radio vacuum tubes and as an inert gas shield in arc welding. Atomic number 18; atomic weight 39.94; melting point -189.2°C; boiling point -185.7°C.See table at element
氩：无色无味惰性气体元素，构成地球大气约百分之一的部分，它可通过分馏法大量获取，使用于电灯泡，荧光灯及收音机真空管中，并可在电弧焊接中作惰性气体屏蔽物。原子序数18；原子量39.94；熔点-189.2°C；沸点-185.7°C参见 element
语源 Greek [neuter of] argos [idle, inert] 希腊语 [] argos的中性 [懒惰的，惰性的] a- [without] * see a- 1 a- [没有] *参见 a-1 ergon [work] * see werg- ergon [工作] *参见 werg-
A
argonargon (n.)chemical element, 1894, Modern Latin, from Gk. argon, neuter of argos “lazy, idle, not working the ground, living without labor,” from a- “without” (see a- (3)) + ergon “work” (see urge (v.)). So called by its discoverers, Baron Rayleigh and Sir William Ramsay, for its inert qualities.韦氏大学ar·gon\ˈär-ˌgän\ noun Etymology: Greek, neuter of argos idle, lazy, from a- + ergon work; from its relative inertness — more at work Date: 1894a colorless odorless inert gaseous element found in the air and in volcanic gases and used especially in welding, lasers, and electric bulbs — see element table
美国传统词典英汉
ar.gon
AHD:[ärʹgŏn’]
D.J.[ˈɑːˌgɒn]
K.K.[ˈɑrˌgɑn]
n.Symbol Ar （名词）符号 Ar
A colorless, odorless, inert gaseous element constituting approximately one percent of Earth’s atmosphere, from which it is commercially obtained by fractionation for use in electric light bulbs, fluorescent tubes, and radio vacuum tubes and as an inert gas shield in arc welding. Atomic number 18; atomic weight 39.94; melting point -189.2°C; boiling point -185.7°C.See table at element
氩：无色无味惰性气体元素，构成地球大气约百分之一的部分，它可通过分馏法大量获取，使用于电灯泡，荧光灯及收音机真空管中，并可在电弧焊接中作惰性气体屏蔽物。原子序数18；原子量39.94；熔点-189.2°C；沸点-185.7°C参见 element
语源 Greek [neuter of] argos [idle, inert] 希腊语 [] argos的中性 [懒惰的，惰性的] a- [without] * see a- 1 a- [没有] *参见 a-1 ergon [work] * see werg- ergon [工作] *参见 werg-
15
Q
dramaturge dramaturge (n.) "dramatist," 1870, from Fr. dramaturge, from Gk. dramatourgos "a dramatist," from drama (gen. dramatos) + ergos "worker" (see urge (v.)). 韦氏大学 dra·ma·turge noun or dra·ma·turg \ˈdra-mə-ˌtərj, ˈdrä-\ Date: 1870 : a specialist in dramaturgy 美国传统词典英汉 dram.a.turge AHD:[drămʹə-tûrj', dräʹmə-] D.J.[ˈdræməˌtɜːdʒ, ˈdrɑːmə-] K.K.[ˈdræməˌtɝdʒ, ˈdrɑmə-] n.（名词） A writer or adapter of plays; a playwright. 写剧本的人：戏的作者或改编者；剧作家
语源 French 法语 from Greek dramatourgos 源自 希腊语 dramatourgos drama dramat- [drama] * see drama drama dramat- [戏剧] *参见 drama ergon [work] * see werg- ergon [作品] *参见 werg-
A
dramaturge dramaturge (n.) "dramatist," 1870, from Fr. dramaturge, from Gk. dramatourgos "a dramatist," from drama (gen. dramatos) + ergos "worker" (see urge (v.)). 韦氏大学 dra·ma·turge noun or dra·ma·turg \ˈdra-mə-ˌtərj, ˈdrä-\ Date: 1870 : a specialist in dramaturgy 美国传统词典英汉 dram.a.turge AHD:[drămʹə-tûrj', dräʹmə-] D.J.[ˈdræməˌtɜːdʒ, ˈdrɑːmə-] K.K.[ˈdræməˌtɝdʒ, ˈdrɑmə-] n.（名词） A writer or adapter of plays; a playwright. 写剧本的人：戏的作者或改编者；剧作家
语源 French 法语 from Greek dramatourgos 源自 希腊语 dramatourgos drama dramat- [drama] * see drama drama dramat- [戏剧] *参见 drama ergon [work] * see werg- ergon [作品] *参见 werg-
16
Q
Etymonline coerce coerce (v.) mid-15c., cohercen, from M.Fr. cohercer, from L. coercere "to control, restrain, shut up together," from com- "together" (see co-) + arcere "to enclose, confine, contain, ward off," from PIE *ark- "to hold, contain, guard" (see arcane). Related: Coerced; coercing. No record of the word between late 15c. and mid-17c.; its reappearance 1650s is perhaps a back formation from coercion. 韦氏大学 co·erce \kō-ˈərs\ transitive verb (co·erced ; co·erc·ing) Etymology: Middle English cohercen, from Anglo-French *cohercer Latin coercēre, from co- + arcēre to shut up, enclose — more at ark Date: 15th century 1. : to restrain or dominate by force
- : to compel to an act or choice
- : to achieve by force or threat
Synonyms: see force • co·erc·ible \-ˈər-sə-bəl\ adjective 美国传统词典英汉 co.erce AHD:[kō-ûrsʹ] D.J.[kəʊˈɜːs] K.K.[koˈɝs] v.tr.（及物动词） co.erced, co.erc.ing, co.erc.es To force to act or think in a certain way by use of pressure, threats, or intimidation; compel. 强制：通过采用压力、威胁或恐吓强制按某种方法行动或思考；强迫 To dominate, restrain, or control forcibly: 控制，限制：强制地支配、限制或控制： coerced the strikers into compliance.See Synonyms at force 强迫罢工者妥协参见 force To bring about by force or threat: 威胁，逼迫：通过武力和威胁产生： efforts to coerce agreement. 强迫妥协的力量
语源 Latin coercēre [to control, restrain] 拉丁语 coercēre [控制，限制] co- [co-] co- [前缀，表“相互，一起”] arcēre [to enclose, confine] arcēre [关，禁闭]
继承用法
coercʹer n.（名词）
coercʹible adj.（形容词）
A
Etymonline coerce coerce (v.) mid-15c., cohercen, from M.Fr. cohercer, from L. coercere "to control, restrain, shut up together," from com- "together" (see co-) + arcere "to enclose, confine, contain, ward off," from PIE *ark- "to hold, contain, guard" (see arcane). Related: Coerced; coercing. No record of the word between late 15c. and mid-17c.; its reappearance 1650s is perhaps a back formation from coercion. 韦氏大学 co·erce \kō-ˈərs\ transitive verb (co·erced ; co·erc·ing) Etymology: Middle English cohercen, from Anglo-French *cohercer Latin coercēre, from co- + arcēre to shut up, enclose — more at ark Date: 15th century 1. : to restrain or dominate by force
- : to compel to an act or choice
- : to achieve by force or threat
Synonyms: see force • co·erc·ible \-ˈər-sə-bəl\ adjective 美国传统词典英汉 co.erce AHD:[kō-ûrsʹ] D.J.[kəʊˈɜːs] K.K.[koˈɝs] v.tr.（及物动词） co.erced, co.erc.ing, co.erc.es To force to act or think in a certain way by use of pressure, threats, or intimidation; compel. 强制：通过采用压力、威胁或恐吓强制按某种方法行动或思考；强迫 To dominate, restrain, or control forcibly: 控制，限制：强制地支配、限制或控制： coerced the strikers into compliance.See Synonyms at force 强迫罢工者妥协参见 force To bring about by force or threat: 威胁，逼迫：通过武力和威胁产生： efforts to coerce agreement. 强迫妥协的力量
语源 Latin coercēre [to control, restrain] 拉丁语 coercēre [控制，限制] co- [co-] co- [前缀，表“相互，一起”] arcēre [to enclose, confine] arcēre [关，禁闭]
继承用法
coercʹer n.（名词）
coercʹible adj.（形容词）
17
Q
wrought
mid-13c., from past participle of M.E. werken (see work).
韦氏大学
wrought
I. \ˈrȯt\
past and past participle of work
II. adjective
Etymology: Middle English, from past participle of worken to work
Date: 13th century
1. : worked into shape by artistry or effort
- : elaborately embellished : ornamented
- : processed for use : manufactured
- : beaten into shape by tools : hammered — used of metals
- : deeply stirred : excited — often used with up
美国传统词典英汉 wrought AHD:[rôt] D.J.[rɔːt] K.K.[rɔt] v.（动词） A past tense and a past participle of work work的过去式和过去分词 adj.（形容词） Put together; created: 放在一起的；制成的： a carefully wrought plan. 一项精心制定的计划 Shaped by hammering with tools. Used chiefly of metals or metalwork. 锻造的：用工具锤炼而成形的。常用于金属或金属制品 Made delicately or elaborately. 精制的：制作精巧或精心制作的
语源
Middle English wroght
中古英语 wroght
from Old English geworht [past participle of] wyrcan [to work] * see werg-
源自 古英语 geworht [] wyrcan的过去分词 [工作] *参见 werg-
A
wrought
mid-13c., from past participle of M.E. werken (see work).
韦氏大学
wrought
I. \ˈrȯt\
past and past participle of work
II. adjective
Etymology: Middle English, from past participle of worken to work
Date: 13th century
1. : worked into shape by artistry or effort
- : elaborately embellished : ornamented
- : processed for use : manufactured
- : beaten into shape by tools : hammered — used of metals
- : deeply stirred : excited — often used with up
美国传统词典英汉 wrought AHD:[rôt] D.J.[rɔːt] K.K.[rɔt] v.（动词） A past tense and a past participle of work work的过去式和过去分词 adj.（形容词） Put together; created: 放在一起的；制成的： a carefully wrought plan. 一项精心制定的计划 Shaped by hammering with tools. Used chiefly of metals or metalwork. 锻造的：用工具锤炼而成形的。常用于金属或金属制品 Made delicately or elaborately. 精制的：制作精巧或精心制作的
语源
Middle English wroght
中古英语 wroght
from Old English geworht [past participle of] wyrcan [to work] * see werg-
源自 古英语 geworht [] wyrcan的过去分词 [工作] *参见 werg-
18
Q
Etymonline
collaborate
collaborate (v.)
1871, back formation from collaborator. Given a bad sense in World War II. Related: Collaborated; collaborating.
韦氏大学
col·lab·o·rate
\kə-ˈla-bə-ˌrāt\ intransitive verb
(-rat·ed ; -rat·ing)
Etymology: Late Latin collaboratus, past participle of collaborare to labor together, from Latin com- + laborare to labor — more at labor
Date: 1871
1. : to work jointly with others or together especially in an intellectual endeavor
2. : to cooperate with or willingly assist an enemy of one’s country and especially an occupying force
3. : to cooperate with an agency or instrumentality with which one is not immediately connected
• col·lab·o·ra·tion -ˌla-bə-ˈrā-shən\ noun
• col·lab·o·ra·tive -ˈla-bə-ˌrā-tiv, -b(ə-)rə-\ adjective or noun
• col·lab·o·ra·tive·ly -lē\ adverb
• col·lab·o·ra·tor -ˈla-bə-ˌrā-tər\ noun
美国传统词典英汉
col.lab.o.rate
AHD:[kə-lăbʹə-rāt’]
D.J.[kəˈlæbəˌreɪt]
K.K.[kəˈlæbəˌret]
v.intr.（不及物动词）
col.lab.o.rat.ed, col.lab.o.rat.ing, col.lab.o.rates
To work together, especially in a joint intellectual effort.
协作，合作：一起工作，尤指在智力方面的致力合作
To cooperate treasonably, as with an enemy occupation force in one’s country.
勾结：叛逆地合作，如同侵占自己国家的敌人合作
语源 Late Latin collabōrāre collabōrāt- 后期拉丁语 collabōrāre collabōrāt- Latin com- [com-] 拉丁语 com- [前缀，表“一起”] Latin labōrāre [to work] from labor [toil] 拉丁语 labōrāre [工作] 源自 labor [辛苦]
继承用法
collab’oraʹtion n.（名词）
collabʹora’tive adj.（形容词）
collabʹora’tor n.（名词）
A
Etymonline
collaborate
collaborate (v.)
1871, back formation from collaborator. Given a bad sense in World War II. Related: Collaborated; collaborating.
韦氏大学
col·lab·o·rate
\kə-ˈla-bə-ˌrāt\ intransitive verb
(-rat·ed ; -rat·ing)
Etymology: Late Latin collaboratus, past participle of collaborare to labor together, from Latin com- + laborare to labor — more at labor
Date: 1871
1. : to work jointly with others or together especially in an intellectual endeavor
2. : to cooperate with or willingly assist an enemy of one’s country and especially an occupying force
3. : to cooperate with an agency or instrumentality with which one is not immediately connected
• col·lab·o·ra·tion -ˌla-bə-ˈrā-shən\ noun
• col·lab·o·ra·tive -ˈla-bə-ˌrā-tiv, -b(ə-)rə-\ adjective or noun
• col·lab·o·ra·tive·ly -lē\ adverb
• col·lab·o·ra·tor -ˈla-bə-ˌrā-tər\ noun
美国传统词典英汉
col.lab.o.rate
AHD:[kə-lăbʹə-rāt’]
D.J.[kəˈlæbəˌreɪt]
K.K.[kəˈlæbəˌret]
v.intr.（不及物动词）
col.lab.o.rat.ed, col.lab.o.rat.ing, col.lab.o.rates
To work together, especially in a joint intellectual effort.
协作，合作：一起工作，尤指在智力方面的致力合作
To cooperate treasonably, as with an enemy occupation force in one’s country.
勾结：叛逆地合作，如同侵占自己国家的敌人合作
语源 Late Latin collabōrāre collabōrāt- 后期拉丁语 collabōrāre collabōrāt- Latin com- [com-] 拉丁语 com- [前缀，表“一起”] Latin labōrāre [to work] from labor [toil] 拉丁语 labōrāre [工作] 源自 labor [辛苦]
继承用法
collab’oraʹtion n.（名词）
collabʹora’tive adj.（形容词）
collabʹora’tor n.（名词）
19
Q
mid-14c., from L. copiosus "plentiful," from copia "an abundance, ample supply, profusion, plenty," from com- "with" (see com-) + ops (gen. opis) "power, wealth, resources," from PIE root *op- "to work, produce in abundance" (see opus). Related: Copiously.
韦氏大学
co·pi·ous
\ˈkō-pē-əs\ adjective
Etymology: Middle English, from Latin copiosus, from copia abundance, from co- + ops wealth — more at opulent
Date: 14th century
1.
a. : yielding something abundantly
<a>
b. : plentiful in number
- a. : full of thought, information, or matter
b. : profuse or exuberant in words, expression, or style
</a><a></a> - : present in large quantity : taking place on a large scale
Synonyms: see plentiful • co·pi·ous·ly adverb • co·pi·ous·ness noun 美国传统词典英汉 co.pi.ous AHD:[kōʹpē-əs] D.J.[ˈkəʊpiːəs] K.K.[ˈkopiəs] adj.（形容词） Yielding or containing plenty; affording ample supply: 丰富的：产量或内涵丰富的；提供充足供应的： a copious harvest.See Synonyms at plentiful 大丰收参见 plentiful Large in quantity; abundant: 大量的；充足的： copious rainfall. 充足的降雨（量） Abounding in matter, thoughts, or words; wordy: 冗长的：在主题、思想或文字方面繁复的；累赘的： “I found our speech copious without order, and energetic without rules”(Samuel Johnson) “我发现我们的语言冗长而缺乏条理，有力但没有规范”(塞缪尔·约翰逊)
语源 Middle English 中古英语 from Latin cōpiōsus 源自 拉丁语 cōpiōsus from cōpia [abundance] * see op- 源自 cōpia [充足] *参见 op-
继承用法
coʹpiously adv.（副词）
coʹpiousness n.（名词）</a>
A
mid-14c., from L. copiosus "plentiful," from copia "an abundance, ample supply, profusion, plenty," from com- "with" (see com-) + ops (gen. opis) "power, wealth, resources," from PIE root *op- "to work, produce in abundance" (see opus). Related: Copiously.
韦氏大学
co·pi·ous
\ˈkō-pē-əs\ adjective
Etymology: Middle English, from Latin copiosus, from copia abundance, from co- + ops wealth — more at opulent
Date: 14th century
1.
a. : yielding something abundantly
<a>
b. : plentiful in number
- a. : full of thought, information, or matter
b. : profuse or exuberant in words, expression, or style
</a><a></a> - : present in large quantity : taking place on a large scale
Synonyms: see plentiful • co·pi·ous·ly adverb • co·pi·ous·ness noun 美国传统词典英汉 co.pi.ous AHD:[kōʹpē-əs] D.J.[ˈkəʊpiːəs] K.K.[ˈkopiəs] adj.（形容词） Yielding or containing plenty; affording ample supply: 丰富的：产量或内涵丰富的；提供充足供应的： a copious harvest.See Synonyms at plentiful 大丰收参见 plentiful Large in quantity; abundant: 大量的；充足的： copious rainfall. 充足的降雨（量） Abounding in matter, thoughts, or words; wordy: 冗长的：在主题、思想或文字方面繁复的；累赘的： “I found our speech copious without order, and energetic without rules”(Samuel Johnson) “我发现我们的语言冗长而缺乏条理，有力但没有规范”(塞缪尔·约翰逊)
语源 Middle English 中古英语 from Latin cōpiōsus 源自 拉丁语 cōpiōsus from cōpia [abundance] * see op- 源自 cōpia [充足] *参见 op-
继承用法
coʹpiously adv.（副词）
coʹpiousness n.（名词）</a>
20
Q
Etymonline episcopal episcopal (adj.) mid-15c., from M.Fr. épiscopal (14c.), from L.L. episcopalis, from L. episcopus "an overseer" (see bishop). Reference to a church governed by bishops is 1752. With a capital E-, the ordinary designation of the Anglican church in the U.S. and Scotland. 韦氏大学 epis·co·pal \i-ˈpis-kə-pəl, -bəl\ adjective Etymology: Middle English, from Late Latin episcopalis, from episcopus bishop — more at bishop Date: 15th century 1. : of or relating to a bishop 2. : of, having, or constituting government by bishops 3. capitalized : of or relating to the Protestant Episcopal Church representing the Anglican communion in the United States • epis·co·pal·ly \-p(ə-)lē\ adverb 韦氏大学 Episcopal noun Date: 1752 : Episcopalian 美国传统词典英汉 e.pis.co.pal AHD:[ĭ-pĭsʹkə-pəl] D.J.[ɪˈpɪskəpəl] K.K.[ɪˈpɪskəpəl] adj.Abbr. Epis., Episc.（形容词）缩写 Epis., Episc. Of or relating to a bishop. 主教的：与主教有关的 Of, relating to, or involving church government by bishops. 主教制的：与主教制有关的 Episcopal Of or relating to the Episcopal Church. Episcopal 新教圣公会的：与美国新教圣公会有关的
语源 Middle English 中古英语 from Late Latin episcopālis 源自 后期拉丁语 episcopālis from episcopus [bishop] 源自 episcopus [主教] from Greek episkopos [overseer] 源自 希腊语 episkopos [监工] epi- [epi-] epi- [前缀，表“在…之上”] skopos [watcher] * see spek- skopos [看守] *参见 spek-
继承用法
episʹcopally adv.（副词）
A
Etymonline episcopal episcopal (adj.) mid-15c., from M.Fr. épiscopal (14c.), from L.L. episcopalis, from L. episcopus "an overseer" (see bishop). Reference to a church governed by bishops is 1752. With a capital E-, the ordinary designation of the Anglican church in the U.S. and Scotland. 韦氏大学 epis·co·pal \i-ˈpis-kə-pəl, -bəl\ adjective Etymology: Middle English, from Late Latin episcopalis, from episcopus bishop — more at bishop Date: 15th century 1. : of or relating to a bishop 2. : of, having, or constituting government by bishops 3. capitalized : of or relating to the Protestant Episcopal Church representing the Anglican communion in the United States • epis·co·pal·ly \-p(ə-)lē\ adverb 韦氏大学 Episcopal noun Date: 1752 : Episcopalian 美国传统词典英汉 e.pis.co.pal AHD:[ĭ-pĭsʹkə-pəl] D.J.[ɪˈpɪskəpəl] K.K.[ɪˈpɪskəpəl] adj.Abbr. Epis., Episc.（形容词）缩写 Epis., Episc. Of or relating to a bishop. 主教的：与主教有关的 Of, relating to, or involving church government by bishops. 主教制的：与主教制有关的 Episcopal Of or relating to the Episcopal Church. Episcopal 新教圣公会的：与美国新教圣公会有关的
语源 Middle English 中古英语 from Late Latin episcopālis 源自 后期拉丁语 episcopālis from episcopus [bishop] 源自 episcopus [主教] from Greek episkopos [overseer] 源自 希腊语 episkopos [监工] epi- [epi-] epi- [前缀，表“在…之上”] skopos [watcher] * see spek- skopos [看守] *参见 spek-
继承用法
episʹcopally adv.（副词）
21
Q
horoscope (n.)
c.1050, horoscopus, from L.horoscopus; the modern form is considered to be a mid-16c. reborrowing via M.Fr. horoscope. Ultimately from Gk. horoskopos “nativity, horoscope,” also “one who casts a horoscope,” from hora “hour” (see year) + skopos “watching” (see scope (n.1)), in reference to the hour of one’s birth.
韦氏大学
horo·scope
\ˈhȯr-ə-ˌskōp, ˈhär-\ noun
Etymology: Middle English horoscopum, from Latin horoscopus, from Greek hōroskopos, from hōra + skopos watcher; akin to Greek skopein to look at — more at spy
Date: 14th century
1. : a diagram of the relative positions of planets and signs of the zodiac at a specific time (as at one’s birth) for use by astrologers in inferring individual character and personality traits and in foretelling events of a person’s life
2. : an astrological forecast
美国传统词典英汉
hor.o.scope
AHD:[hôrʹə-skōp’, hŏrʹ-]
D.J.[ˈhɔːrəˌskəʊp, ˈhɒr-]
K.K.[ˈhɔrəˌskop, ˈhɑr-]
n.（名词）
The aspect of the planets and stars at a given moment, such as the moment of a person’s birth, used by astrologers.
星象：占星术需所用的，某一特定时刻（如一个人出生的时刻）的行星与恒星的位置
A diagram of the signs of the zodiac based on such an aspect.
算命天宫图：根据如上诸星位置情况制成的星座图
An astrological forecast, as of a person’s future, based on a diagram of the aspect of the planets and stars at a given moment.
占星：根据某一特定时刻行星与恒星的位置制成的天宫图来进行预言，例如预言一个人的未来
语源 French 法语 from Old French 源自 古法语 from Latin hōroscopus 源自 拉丁语 hōroscopus from Greek hōroskopos 源自 希腊语 hōroskopos hōra [hour, season] * see yēr- hōra [小时，季节] *参见 yēr- skopos [observer] * see spek- skopos [观察者] *参见 spek-
A
horoscope (n.)
c.1050, horoscopus, from L.horoscopus; the modern form is considered to be a mid-16c. reborrowing via M.Fr. horoscope. Ultimately from Gk. horoskopos “nativity, horoscope,” also “one who casts a horoscope,” from hora “hour” (see year) + skopos “watching” (see scope (n.1)), in reference to the hour of one’s birth.
韦氏大学
horo·scope
\ˈhȯr-ə-ˌskōp, ˈhär-\ noun
Etymology: Middle English horoscopum, from Latin horoscopus, from Greek hōroskopos, from hōra + skopos watcher; akin to Greek skopein to look at — more at spy
Date: 14th century
1. : a diagram of the relative positions of planets and signs of the zodiac at a specific time (as at one’s birth) for use by astrologers in inferring individual character and personality traits and in foretelling events of a person’s life
2. : an astrological forecast
美国传统词典英汉
hor.o.scope
AHD:[hôrʹə-skōp’, hŏrʹ-]
D.J.[ˈhɔːrəˌskəʊp, ˈhɒr-]
K.K.[ˈhɔrəˌskop, ˈhɑr-]
n.（名词）
The aspect of the planets and stars at a given moment, such as the moment of a person’s birth, used by astrologers.
星象：占星术需所用的，某一特定时刻（如一个人出生的时刻）的行星与恒星的位置
A diagram of the signs of the zodiac based on such an aspect.
算命天宫图：根据如上诸星位置情况制成的星座图
An astrological forecast, as of a person’s future, based on a diagram of the aspect of the planets and stars at a given moment.
占星：根据某一特定时刻行星与恒星的位置制成的天宫图来进行预言，例如预言一个人的未来
语源 French 法语 from Old French 源自 古法语 from Latin hōroscopus 源自 拉丁语 hōroscopus from Greek hōroskopos 源自 希腊语 hōroskopos hōra [hour, season] * see yēr- hōra [小时，季节] *参见 yēr- skopos [observer] * see spek- skopos [观察者] *参见 spek-
22
Q
Etymonline conspectus conspectus (n.) 1836, from L. conspectus "a looking at, sight, view; range or power of vision," from pp. of conspicere "to look at" (see conspicuous). 韦氏大学 con·spec·tus \kən-ˈspek-təs\ noun Etymology: Latin, from conspectus, from conspicere Date: 1825 1. : a usually brief survey or summary (as of an extensive subject) often providing an overall view 2. : outline, synopsis 美国传统词典英汉 con.spec.tus AHD:[kən-spĕkʹtəs] D.J.[kənˈspektəs] K.K.[kənˈspɛktəs] n.（名词） 【复数】 con.spec.tus.es A general survey of a subject. 概观：对一个主题大体上的考察 A synopsis. 大纲
语源
Latin [from past participle of] cōnspicere [to observe] * see conspicuous
拉丁语 [] 源自cōnspicere的过去分词 [观察] *参见 conspicuous
A
Etymonline conspectus conspectus (n.) 1836, from L. conspectus "a looking at, sight, view; range or power of vision," from pp. of conspicere "to look at" (see conspicuous). 韦氏大学 con·spec·tus \kən-ˈspek-təs\ noun Etymology: Latin, from conspectus, from conspicere Date: 1825 1. : a usually brief survey or summary (as of an extensive subject) often providing an overall view 2. : outline, synopsis 美国传统词典英汉 con.spec.tus AHD:[kən-spĕkʹtəs] D.J.[kənˈspektəs] K.K.[kənˈspɛktəs] n.（名词） 【复数】 con.spec.tus.es A general survey of a subject. 概观：对一个主题大体上的考察 A synopsis. 大纲
语源
Latin [from past participle of] cōnspicere [to observe] * see conspicuous
拉丁语 [] 源自cōnspicere的过去分词 [观察] *参见 conspicuous
23
Q
perspicacious perspicacious (adj.) 1630s, formed as an adjective to perspicacity, from L. perspicax "sharp-sighted, having the power of seeing through; acute" (see perspicacity). Related: Perspicaciously; perspicaciousness. 韦氏大学 per·spi·ca·cious \ˌpər-spə-ˈkā-shəs\ adjective Etymology: Latin perspicac-, perspicax, from perspicere Date: 1640 : of acute mental vision or discernment : keen Synonyms: see shrewd • per·spi·ca·cious·ly adverb • per·spi·ca·cious·ness noun • per·spi·cac·i·ty \-ˈka-sə-tē\ noun 美国传统词典英汉 per.spi.ca.cious AHD:[pûr'spĭ-kāʹshəs] D.J.[ˌpɜːspɪˈkeɪʃəs] K.K.[ˌpɝspɪˈkeʃəs] adj.（形容词） Having or showing penetrating mental discernment; clear-sighted.See Synonyms at shrewd 敏锐的，聪颖的：具有或表现出看透人心理的洞察力的；眼光锐利的参见 shrewd
语源 From Latin perspicāx perspicāc- 源自 拉丁语 perspicāx perspicāc- from perspicere [to look through] * see perspective 源自 perspicere [看穿，看透] *参见 perspective
继承用法
per’spicaʹciously adv.（副词）
per’spicaʹciousness n.（名词）
A
perspicacious perspicacious (adj.) 1630s, formed as an adjective to perspicacity, from L. perspicax "sharp-sighted, having the power of seeing through; acute" (see perspicacity). Related: Perspicaciously; perspicaciousness. 韦氏大学 per·spi·ca·cious \ˌpər-spə-ˈkā-shəs\ adjective Etymology: Latin perspicac-, perspicax, from perspicere Date: 1640 : of acute mental vision or discernment : keen Synonyms: see shrewd • per·spi·ca·cious·ly adverb • per·spi·ca·cious·ness noun • per·spi·cac·i·ty \-ˈka-sə-tē\ noun 美国传统词典英汉 per.spi.ca.cious AHD:[pûr'spĭ-kāʹshəs] D.J.[ˌpɜːspɪˈkeɪʃəs] K.K.[ˌpɝspɪˈkeʃəs] adj.（形容词） Having or showing penetrating mental discernment; clear-sighted.See Synonyms at shrewd 敏锐的，聪颖的：具有或表现出看透人心理的洞察力的；眼光锐利的参见 shrewd
语源 From Latin perspicāx perspicāc- 源自 拉丁语 perspicāx perspicāc- from perspicere [to look through] * see perspective 源自 perspicere [看穿，看透] *参见 perspective
继承用法
per’spicaʹciously adv.（副词）
per’spicaʹciousness n.（名词）
24
late 14c., "science of optics," from O.Fr. perspective and directly from M.L. perspectiva ars "science of optics," from fem. of perspectivus "of sight, optical" from L. perspectus "clearly perceived," pp. of perspicere "inspect, look through, look closely at," from per- "through" (see per) + specere "look at" (see scope (n.1)). Sense of "art of drawing objects so as to give appearance of distance or depth" is first found 1590s, influenced by It. prospettiva, an artists' term. The figurative meaning "mental outlook over time" is first recorded 1762.
韦氏大学
per·spec·tive
I. \pər-ˈspek-tiv\ noun
Etymology: Middle English perspectyf, from Medieval Latin perspectivum, from neuter of perspectivus of sight, optical, from Latin perspectus, past participle of perspicere to look through, see clearly, from per- through + specere to look — more at per-, spy
Date: 14th century
archaic : an optical glass (as a telescope)
II. noun
Etymology: Middle French, probably modification of Old Italian prospettiva, from prospetto view, prospect, from Latin prospectus — more at prospect
Date: 1563
1.
a. : the technique or process of representing on a plane or curved surface the spatial relation of objects as they might appear to the eye; specifically : representation in a drawing or painting of parallel lines as converging in order to give the illusion of depth and distance
b. : a picture in perspective
2.
a. : the interrelation in which a subject or its parts are mentally viewed
also : point of view
b. : the capacity to view things in their true relations or relative importance
3.
a. : a visible scene; especially : one giving a distinctive impression of distance : vista
b. : a mental view or prospect
4. : the appearance to the eye of objects in respect to their relative distance and positions
• per·spec·tiv·al \pər-ˈspek-ti-vəl, ˌpər-(ˌ)spek-ˈtī-vəl\ adjective
III. adjective
Etymology: Middle English, optical, from Medieval Latin perspectivus
Date: 1570
1. obsolete : aiding the vision
2. : of, relating to, employing, or seen in perspective
• per·spec·tive·ly adverb
美国传统词典英汉
per.spec.tive
AHD:[pər-spĕkʹtĭv]
D.J.[pəˈspektɪv]
K.K.[pɚˈspɛktɪv]
n.（名词）
The technique of representing three-dimensional objects and depth relationships on a two-dimensional surface.
透视法：一种在二维平面上表现三维物体和深度关系的技术
A view or vista.
景色，远景
A mental view or outlook:
设想，展望：心理上的观点或展望：
“It is useful occasionally to look at the past to gain a perspective on the present”(Fabian Linden)
“偶尔回顾过去有助于展望未来”(法比安·林登)
The appearance of objects in depth as perceived by normal binocular vision.
全景，透视：如通过普通双筒望远镜看到的物体全貌
The relationship of aspects of a subject to each other and to a whole:
各部分的比例，各部分的关系：事物各方面之间以及与整体之间的关系：
a perspective of history; a need to view the problem in the proper perspective.
历史的整体观；需以恰当的整体观点来看待问题
Subjective evaluation of relative significance; a point of view:
观点，看法：相对重要的客观评估和评价；观点：
the perspective of the displaced homemaker.
被革职的女管家的观点
The ability to perceive things in their actual interrelations or comparative importance:
洞察力：在实际的相互关系或相对重要性上感觉事物的能力：
tried to keep my perspective throughout the crisis.
试图在整个危机中保持我的洞察力
adj.（形容词）
Of, relating to, seen, or represented in perspective.
透视法的，透视的：与透视法有关的或用透视来观察或表现的
语源
Middle English [science of optics] influenced by French perspective [perspective] alteration of Italian prospettiva from prospetto [new] from Latin prōspectus * see prospect
中古英语 [光学] 受 法语 perspective的影响 [透视] 意大利语 prospettiva的变化 源自 prospetto [新的] 源自 拉丁语 prōspectus *参见 prospect
from Medieval Latin perspectīva (ars) [feminine of] perspectīvus [optical]
源自 中世纪拉丁语 perspectīva (ars) [] perspectīvus的阴性词 [视觉的，光学的]
from perspectus [past participle of] perspicere [to inspect]
源自 perspectus [] perspicere的过去分词 [检查，视察]
per- [per-]
per- [前缀，表“周围，遍及”]
specere [to look] * see spek-
specere [看] *参见 spek-
继承用法
perspecʹtival adj.（形容词）
perspecʹtively adv.（副词）
late 14c., "science of optics," from O.Fr. perspective and directly from M.L. perspectiva ars "science of optics," from fem. of perspectivus "of sight, optical" from L. perspectus "clearly perceived," pp. of perspicere "inspect, look through, look closely at," from per- "through" (see per) + specere "look at" (see scope (n.1)). Sense of "art of drawing objects so as to give appearance of distance or depth" is first found 1590s, influenced by It. prospettiva, an artists' term. The figurative meaning "mental outlook over time" is first recorded 1762.
韦氏大学
per·spec·tive
I. \pər-ˈspek-tiv\ noun
Etymology: Middle English perspectyf, from Medieval Latin perspectivum, from neuter of perspectivus of sight, optical, from Latin perspectus, past participle of perspicere to look through, see clearly, from per- through + specere to look — more at per-, spy
Date: 14th century
archaic : an optical glass (as a telescope)
II. noun
Etymology: Middle French, probably modification of Old Italian prospettiva, from prospetto view, prospect, from Latin prospectus — more at prospect
Date: 1563
1.
a. : the technique or process of representing on a plane or curved surface the spatial relation of objects as they might appear to the eye; specifically : representation in a drawing or painting of parallel lines as converging in order to give the illusion of depth and distance
b. : a picture in perspective
2.
a. : the interrelation in which a subject or its parts are mentally viewed
also : point of view
b. : the capacity to view things in their true relations or relative importance
3.
a. : a visible scene; especially : one giving a distinctive impression of distance : vista
b. : a mental view or prospect
4. : the appearance to the eye of objects in respect to their relative distance and positions
• per·spec·tiv·al \pər-ˈspek-ti-vəl, ˌpər-(ˌ)spek-ˈtī-vəl\ adjective
III. adjective
Etymology: Middle English, optical, from Medieval Latin perspectivus
Date: 1570
1. obsolete : aiding the vision
2. : of, relating to, employing, or seen in perspective
• per·spec·tive·ly adverb
美国传统词典英汉
per.spec.tive
AHD:[pər-spĕkʹtĭv]
D.J.[pəˈspektɪv]
K.K.[pɚˈspɛktɪv]
n.（名词）
The technique of representing three-dimensional objects and depth relationships on a two-dimensional surface.
透视法：一种在二维平面上表现三维物体和深度关系的技术
A view or vista.
景色，远景
A mental view or outlook:
设想，展望：心理上的观点或展望：
“It is useful occasionally to look at the past to gain a perspective on the present”(Fabian Linden)
“偶尔回顾过去有助于展望未来”(法比安·林登)
The appearance of objects in depth as perceived by normal binocular vision.
全景，透视：如通过普通双筒望远镜看到的物体全貌
The relationship of aspects of a subject to each other and to a whole:
各部分的比例，各部分的关系：事物各方面之间以及与整体之间的关系：
a perspective of history; a need to view the problem in the proper perspective.
历史的整体观；需以恰当的整体观点来看待问题
Subjective evaluation of relative significance; a point of view:
观点，看法：相对重要的客观评估和评价；观点：
the perspective of the displaced homemaker.
被革职的女管家的观点
The ability to perceive things in their actual interrelations or comparative importance:
洞察力：在实际的相互关系或相对重要性上感觉事物的能力：
tried to keep my perspective throughout the crisis.
试图在整个危机中保持我的洞察力
adj.（形容词）
Of, relating to, seen, or represented in perspective.
透视法的，透视的：与透视法有关的或用透视来观察或表现的
语源
Middle English [science of optics] influenced by French perspective [perspective] alteration of Italian prospettiva from prospetto [new] from Latin prōspectus * see prospect
中古英语 [光学] 受 法语 perspective的影响 [透视] 意大利语 prospettiva的变化 源自 prospetto [新的] 源自 拉丁语 prōspectus *参见 prospect
from Medieval Latin perspectīva (ars) [feminine of] perspectīvus [optical]
源自 中世纪拉丁语 perspectīva (ars) [] perspectīvus的阴性词 [视觉的，光学的]
from perspectus [past participle of] perspicere [to inspect]
源自 perspectus [] perspicere的过去分词 [检查，视察]
per- [per-]
per- [前缀，表“周围，遍及”]
specere [to look] * see spek-
specere [看] *参见 spek-
继承用法
perspecʹtival adj.（形容词）
perspecʹtively adv.（副词）
25
despise (v.)
c.1300, from O.Fr. despis-, prp. stem of despire "to despise," from L. despicere "look down on, scorn," from de- "down" (see de-) + spicere/specere "look at" (see scope (n.1)). Related: Despised; despising.
韦氏大学
de·spise
\di-ˈspīz\ transitive verb
(de·spised ; de·spis·ing)
Etymology: Middle English, from Anglo-French despis-, stem of despire, from Latin despicere, from de- + specere to look — more at spy
Date: 14th century
1. : to look down on with contempt or aversion
2. : to regard as negligible, worthless, or distasteful
• de·spise·ment \-ˈspīz-mənt\ noun
• de·spis·er \-ˈspī-zər\ noun
Synonyms:
despise, contemn, scorn, disdain mean to regard as unworthy of one's notice or consideration. despise may suggest an emotional response ranging from strong dislike to loathing
contemn implies a vehement condemnation of a person or thing as low, vile, feeble, or ignominious
scorn implies a ready or indignant contempt
disdain implies an arrogant or supercilious aversion to what is regarded as unworthy
```
美国传统词典英汉
de.spise
AHD:[dĭ-spīzʹ]
D.J.[dɪˈspaɪz]
K.K.[dɪˈspaɪz]
v.tr.（及物动词）
de.spised, de.spis.ing, de.spis.es
To regard with contempt or scorn:
鄙视：用轻蔑和指责对待：
despised all cowards and flatterers.
鄙视所有的胆小鬼和溜须拍马者
To dislike intensely; loathe:
厌恶：非常强烈地不喜欢；厌恶：
despised the frigid weather in January.
厌恶一月份寒冷的天气
To regard as unworthy of one's interest or concern:
蔑视：认为不值得关心或感兴趣：
despised any thought of their own safety.
蔑视任何关于他们自身安全性的考虑
```
```
语源
Middle English despisen
中古英语 despisen
from Old French despire despis-
源自 古法语 despire despis-
from Latin dēspicere
源自 拉丁语 dēspicere
dē- [de-]
dē- [前缀，表“减低”]
specere [to look] * see spek-
specere [看] *参见 spek-
```
继承用法
despisʹal AHD:[-spīʹzəl] （名词）
despisʹer n.（名词）
```
参考词汇
despise, contemn, disdain, scorn, scout
The central meaning shared by these verbs is “to regard with utter contempt”:
这些动词共有的中心意思是“极度地轻视”：
despises incompetence;
蔑视懦弱；
contemned the actions of the dictator;
蔑视独裁者的法令；
disdained my suggestion;
鄙弃我的建议；
scorns sentimentality;
厌恶多愁善感；
scouted simplistic explanations. esteem
讥笑简单的解释 esteem
```
despise (v.)
c.1300, from O.Fr. despis-, prp. stem of despire "to despise," from L. despicere "look down on, scorn," from de- "down" (see de-) + spicere/specere "look at" (see scope (n.1)). Related: Despised; despising.
韦氏大学
de·spise
\di-ˈspīz\ transitive verb
(de·spised ; de·spis·ing)
Etymology: Middle English, from Anglo-French despis-, stem of despire, from Latin despicere, from de- + specere to look — more at spy
Date: 14th century
1. : to look down on with contempt or aversion
2. : to regard as negligible, worthless, or distasteful
• de·spise·ment \-ˈspīz-mənt\ noun
• de·spis·er \-ˈspī-zər\ noun
Synonyms:
despise, contemn, scorn, disdain mean to regard as unworthy of one's notice or consideration. despise may suggest an emotional response ranging from strong dislike to loathing
contemn implies a vehement condemnation of a person or thing as low, vile, feeble, or ignominious
scorn implies a ready or indignant contempt
disdain implies an arrogant or supercilious aversion to what is regarded as unworthy
```
美国传统词典英汉
de.spise
AHD:[dĭ-spīzʹ]
D.J.[dɪˈspaɪz]
K.K.[dɪˈspaɪz]
v.tr.（及物动词）
de.spised, de.spis.ing, de.spis.es
To regard with contempt or scorn:
鄙视：用轻蔑和指责对待：
despised all cowards and flatterers.
鄙视所有的胆小鬼和溜须拍马者
To dislike intensely; loathe:
厌恶：非常强烈地不喜欢；厌恶：
despised the frigid weather in January.
厌恶一月份寒冷的天气
To regard as unworthy of one's interest or concern:
蔑视：认为不值得关心或感兴趣：
despised any thought of their own safety.
蔑视任何关于他们自身安全性的考虑
```
```
语源
Middle English despisen
中古英语 despisen
from Old French despire despis-
源自 古法语 despire despis-
from Latin dēspicere
源自 拉丁语 dēspicere
dē- [de-]
dē- [前缀，表“减低”]
specere [to look] * see spek-
specere [看] *参见 spek-
```
继承用法
despisʹal AHD:[-spīʹzəl] （名词）
despisʹer n.（名词）
```
参考词汇
despise, contemn, disdain, scorn, scout
The central meaning shared by these verbs is “to regard with utter contempt”:
这些动词共有的中心意思是“极度地轻视”：
despises incompetence;
蔑视懦弱；
contemned the actions of the dictator;
蔑视独裁者的法令；
disdained my suggestion;
鄙弃我的建议；
scorns sentimentality;
厌恶多愁善感；
scouted simplistic explanations. esteem
讥笑简单的解释 esteem
```
26
```
despite
c.1300, originally a noun, from O.Fr. despit (12c., Mod.Fr. dépit), from L. despectus "a looking down on, scorn, contempt," from pp. of despicere (see despise). The preposition (early 15c.) is short for in despite of (late 13c.), a loan-translation of O.Fr. en despit de "in contempt of." Almost became despight during 16c. spelling reform.
韦氏大学
de·spite
I. \di-ˈspīt\ noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Anglo-French despit, from Latin despectus, from despicere
Date: 13th century
1. : the feeling or attitude of despising : contempt
2. : malice, spite
3.
a. : an act showing contempt or defiance
b. : detriment, disadvantage
•
- in despite of
II. transitive verb
(de·spit·ed ; de·spit·ing)
Date: 14th century
1. archaic : to treat with contempt
2. obsolete : to provoke to anger : vex
III. preposition
Date: 15th century
: in spite of
```
```
美国传统词典英汉
de.spite
AHD:[dĭ-spītʹ]
D.J.[dɪˈspaɪt]
K.K.[dɪˈspaɪt]
prep.（介词）
In spite of; notwithstanding:
尽管：不管，不加忍受的：
won the game despite overwhelming odds.
尽管差异悬殊，还是赢得了比赛
n.（名词）
Contemptuous defiance or disregard.
轻蔑的拒绝或不承认
Spite; malice:
憎恨；怨恨：
“He died soon after . . . of pure despite and vexation”(Sir Walter Scott)
“他很快就死于单纯的怨恨和烦恼”(沃尔特·斯科特爵士)
```
```
语源
Short for in despite of
in despite of的简写
from Middle English despit [spite]
源自 中古英语 despit [怨恨]
from Old French
源自 古法语
from Latin dēspectus [from past participle of] dēspicere [to despise] * see despise
源自 拉丁语 dēspectus [] 源自dēspicere的过去分词 [蔑视] *参见 despise
```
```
despite
c.1300, originally a noun, from O.Fr. despit (12c., Mod.Fr. dépit), from L. despectus "a looking down on, scorn, contempt," from pp. of despicere (see despise). The preposition (early 15c.) is short for in despite of (late 13c.), a loan-translation of O.Fr. en despit de "in contempt of." Almost became despight during 16c. spelling reform.
韦氏大学
de·spite
I. \di-ˈspīt\ noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Anglo-French despit, from Latin despectus, from despicere
Date: 13th century
1. : the feeling or attitude of despising : contempt
2. : malice, spite
3.
a. : an act showing contempt or defiance
b. : detriment, disadvantage
•
- in despite of
II. transitive verb
(de·spit·ed ; de·spit·ing)
Date: 14th century
1. archaic : to treat with contempt
2. obsolete : to provoke to anger : vex
III. preposition
Date: 15th century
: in spite of
```
```
美国传统词典英汉
de.spite
AHD:[dĭ-spītʹ]
D.J.[dɪˈspaɪt]
K.K.[dɪˈspaɪt]
prep.（介词）
In spite of; notwithstanding:
尽管：不管，不加忍受的：
won the game despite overwhelming odds.
尽管差异悬殊，还是赢得了比赛
n.（名词）
Contemptuous defiance or disregard.
轻蔑的拒绝或不承认
Spite; malice:
憎恨；怨恨：
“He died soon after . . . of pure despite and vexation”(Sir Walter Scott)
“他很快就死于单纯的怨恨和烦恼”(沃尔特·斯科特爵士)
```
```
语源
Short for in despite of
in despite of的简写
from Middle English despit [spite]
源自 中古英语 despit [怨恨]
from Old French
源自 古法语
from Latin dēspectus [from past participle of] dēspicere [to despise] * see despise
源自 拉丁语 dēspectus [] 源自dēspicere的过去分词 [蔑视] *参见 despise
```
27
Etymonline
frontispiece
frontispiece (n.)
1590s, "decorated entrance of a building," from M.Fr. frontispice, probably from It. frontespizio and L.L. frontispicium "facade," originally "a view of the forehead, judgment of character through facial features," from L. frons (gen. frontis) "forehead" (see front (n.)) + specere "to look at" (see scope (n.1)). Sense of "illustration facing a book's title page" first recorded 1680s. The spelling alteration is apparently from confusion with piece.
韦氏大学
fron·tis·piece
\ˈfrən-tə-ˌspēs\ noun
Etymology: Middle French frontispice, from Late Latin frontispicium facade, from Latin front-, frons + -i- + specere to look at — more at spy
Date: circa 1598
1.
a. : the principal front of a building
b. : a decorated pediment over a portico or window
2. : an illustration preceding and usually facing the title page of a book or magazine
美国传统词典英汉
fron.tis.piece
AHD:[frŭnʹtĭ-spēs']
D.J.[ˈfrʌntɪˌspiːs]
K.K.[ˈfrʌntɪˌspis]
n.Abbr. front.（名词）缩写 front.
An illustration that faces or immediately precedes the title page of a book, book section, or magazine.
扉页插图：在书或杂志的书名页前的插图
Architecture
【建筑学】
A façade, especially an ornamental façade.
主立面：建筑正面，尤指有装饰的正面
A small ornamental pediment, as on top of a door or window.
（门窗上）三角饰：小的或带装饰的三角楣，一般在门或窗顶部
Archaic A title page.
【古语】 扉页
```
语源
Alteration influenced by piece
受 piece的影响
of French frontispice
法语 frontispice的变化
from Late Latin frontispicium [façade of a building]
源自 后期拉丁语 frontispicium [建筑物正面]
Latin frontis [genitive of] frōns [forehead, front]
拉丁语 frontis [] frōns的所有格 [前额，前面]
Latin specere [to look at] * see spek-
拉丁语 specere [看] *参见 spek-
```
Etymonline
frontispiece
frontispiece (n.)
1590s, "decorated entrance of a building," from M.Fr. frontispice, probably from It. frontespizio and L.L. frontispicium "facade," originally "a view of the forehead, judgment of character through facial features," from L. frons (gen. frontis) "forehead" (see front (n.)) + specere "to look at" (see scope (n.1)). Sense of "illustration facing a book's title page" first recorded 1680s. The spelling alteration is apparently from confusion with piece.
韦氏大学
fron·tis·piece
\ˈfrən-tə-ˌspēs\ noun
Etymology: Middle French frontispice, from Late Latin frontispicium facade, from Latin front-, frons + -i- + specere to look at — more at spy
Date: circa 1598
1.
a. : the principal front of a building
b. : a decorated pediment over a portico or window
2. : an illustration preceding and usually facing the title page of a book or magazine
美国传统词典英汉
fron.tis.piece
AHD:[frŭnʹtĭ-spēs']
D.J.[ˈfrʌntɪˌspiːs]
K.K.[ˈfrʌntɪˌspis]
n.Abbr. front.（名词）缩写 front.
An illustration that faces or immediately precedes the title page of a book, book section, or magazine.
扉页插图：在书或杂志的书名页前的插图
Architecture
【建筑学】
A façade, especially an ornamental façade.
主立面：建筑正面，尤指有装饰的正面
A small ornamental pediment, as on top of a door or window.
（门窗上）三角饰：小的或带装饰的三角楣，一般在门或窗顶部
Archaic A title page.
【古语】 扉页
```
语源
Alteration influenced by piece
受 piece的影响
of French frontispice
法语 frontispice的变化
from Late Latin frontispicium [façade of a building]
源自 后期拉丁语 frontispicium [建筑物正面]
Latin frontis [genitive of] frōns [forehead, front]
拉丁语 frontis [] frōns的所有格 [前额，前面]
Latin specere [to look at] * see spek-
拉丁语 specere [看] *参见 spek-
```
28
Etymonline
frontispiece
frontispiece (n.)
1590s, "decorated entrance of a building," from M.Fr. frontispice, probably from It. frontespizio and L.L. frontispicium "facade," originally "a view of the forehead, judgment of character through facial features," from L. frons (gen. frontis) "forehead" (see front (n.)) + specere "to look at" (see scope (n.1)). Sense of "illustration facing a book's title page" first recorded 1680s. The spelling alteration is apparently from confusion with piece.
韦氏大学
fron·tis·piece
\ˈfrən-tə-ˌspēs\ noun
Etymology: Middle French frontispice, from Late Latin frontispicium facade, from Latin front-, frons + -i- + specere to look at — more at spy
Date: circa 1598
1.
a. : the principal front of a building
b. : a decorated pediment over a portico or window
2. : an illustration preceding and usually facing the title page of a book or magazine
美国传统词典英汉
fron.tis.piece
AHD:[frŭnʹtĭ-spēs']
D.J.[ˈfrʌntɪˌspiːs]
K.K.[ˈfrʌntɪˌspis]
n.Abbr. front.（名词）缩写 front.
An illustration that faces or immediately precedes the title page of a book, book section, or magazine.
扉页插图：在书或杂志的书名页前的插图
Architecture
【建筑学】
A façade, especially an ornamental façade.
主立面：建筑正面，尤指有装饰的正面
A small ornamental pediment, as on top of a door or window.
（门窗上）三角饰：小的或带装饰的三角楣，一般在门或窗顶部
Archaic A title page.
【古语】 扉页
```
语源
Alteration influenced by piece
受 piece的影响
of French frontispice
法语 frontispice的变化
from Late Latin frontispicium [façade of a building]
源自 后期拉丁语 frontispicium [建筑物正面]
Latin frontis [genitive of] frōns [forehead, front]
拉丁语 frontis [] frōns的所有格 [前额，前面]
Latin specere [to look at] * see spek-
拉丁语 specere [看] *参见 spek-
```
Etymonline
frontispiece
frontispiece (n.)
1590s, "decorated entrance of a building," from M.Fr. frontispice, probably from It. frontespizio and L.L. frontispicium "facade," originally "a view of the forehead, judgment of character through facial features," from L. frons (gen. frontis) "forehead" (see front (n.)) + specere "to look at" (see scope (n.1)). Sense of "illustration facing a book's title page" first recorded 1680s. The spelling alteration is apparently from confusion with piece.
韦氏大学
fron·tis·piece
\ˈfrən-tə-ˌspēs\ noun
Etymology: Middle French frontispice, from Late Latin frontispicium facade, from Latin front-, frons + -i- + specere to look at — more at spy
Date: circa 1598
1.
a. : the principal front of a building
b. : a decorated pediment over a portico or window
2. : an illustration preceding and usually facing the title page of a book or magazine
美国传统词典英汉
fron.tis.piece
AHD:[frŭnʹtĭ-spēs']
D.J.[ˈfrʌntɪˌspiːs]
K.K.[ˈfrʌntɪˌspis]
n.Abbr. front.（名词）缩写 front.
An illustration that faces or immediately precedes the title page of a book, book section, or magazine.
扉页插图：在书或杂志的书名页前的插图
Architecture
【建筑学】
A façade, especially an ornamental façade.
主立面：建筑正面，尤指有装饰的正面
A small ornamental pediment, as on top of a door or window.
（门窗上）三角饰：小的或带装饰的三角楣，一般在门或窗顶部
Archaic A title page.
【古语】 扉页
```
语源
Alteration influenced by piece
受 piece的影响
of French frontispice
法语 frontispice的变化
from Late Latin frontispicium [façade of a building]
源自 后期拉丁语 frontispicium [建筑物正面]
Latin frontis [genitive of] frōns [forehead, front]
拉丁语 frontis [] frōns的所有格 [前额，前面]
Latin specere [to look at] * see spek-
拉丁语 specere [看] *参见 spek-
```
29
speculum
speculum (n.)
1590s, from L. speculum, lit. "mirror," from specere "to look at, view" (see scope (n.1)).
韦氏大学
spec·u·lum
\ˈspe-kyə-ləm\ noun
(plural spec·u·la \-lə \ ; also -lums)
Etymology: Middle English, from Latin, mirror, from specere
Date: 15th century
1. : an instrument inserted into a body passage especially to facilitate visual inspection or medication
2. : a drawing or table showing the relative positions of all the planets (as in an astrological nativity)
3. : a patch of color on the secondaries of most ducks and some other birds
美国传统词典英汉
spec.u.lum
AHD:[spĕkʹyə-ləm]
D.J.[ˈspekjələm]
K.K.[ˈspɛkjələm]
n.（名词）
【复数】 spec.u.la[-lə] 或 spec.u.lums
A mirror or polished metal plate used as a reflector in optical instruments.
反射镜：光学仪器中用作反射镜的镜子或抛光的金属盘
An instrument for dilating the opening of a body cavity for medical examination.
扩张器：使身体开口扩大以作医学检查的仪器
Zoology
【动物学】
A bright, often iridescent patch of color on the wings of certain birds, especially ducks.
翼斑，翼镜：某些鸟类，尤其是鸭子，翅膀上的明亮且通常为五彩的色块
A transparent spot in the wings of some butterflies or moths.
透明斑：某些蝴蝶或蛾子翅膀上的透明斑点
```
语源
Middle English [surgical speculum]
中古英语 [外科镜]
from Latin [mirror]
源自 拉丁语 [镜子]
from specere [to look at] * see spek-
源自 specere [看着] *参见 spek-
```
speculum
speculum (n.)
1590s, from L. speculum, lit. "mirror," from specere "to look at, view" (see scope (n.1)).
韦氏大学
spec·u·lum
\ˈspe-kyə-ləm\ noun
(plural spec·u·la \-lə \ ; also -lums)
Etymology: Middle English, from Latin, mirror, from specere
Date: 15th century
1. : an instrument inserted into a body passage especially to facilitate visual inspection or medication
2. : a drawing or table showing the relative positions of all the planets (as in an astrological nativity)
3. : a patch of color on the secondaries of most ducks and some other birds
美国传统词典英汉
spec.u.lum
AHD:[spĕkʹyə-ləm]
D.J.[ˈspekjələm]
K.K.[ˈspɛkjələm]
n.（名词）
【复数】 spec.u.la[-lə] 或 spec.u.lums
A mirror or polished metal plate used as a reflector in optical instruments.
反射镜：光学仪器中用作反射镜的镜子或抛光的金属盘
An instrument for dilating the opening of a body cavity for medical examination.
扩张器：使身体开口扩大以作医学检查的仪器
Zoology
【动物学】
A bright, often iridescent patch of color on the wings of certain birds, especially ducks.
翼斑，翼镜：某些鸟类，尤其是鸭子，翅膀上的明亮且通常为五彩的色块
A transparent spot in the wings of some butterflies or moths.
透明斑：某些蝴蝶或蛾子翅膀上的透明斑点
```
语源
Middle English [surgical speculum]
中古英语 [外科镜]
from Latin [mirror]
源自 拉丁语 [镜子]
from specere [to look at] * see spek-
源自 specere [看着] *参见 spek-
```
30
speculate (v.)
1590s, back formation from speculation. Related: Speculated; speculating.
韦氏大学
spec·u·late
\ˈspe-kyə-ˌlāt\ verb
(-lat·ed ; -lat·ing)
Etymology: Latin speculatus, past participle of speculari to spy out, examine, from specula lookout post, from specere to look, look at — more at spy
Date: 1599
intransitive verb
1.
a. : to meditate on or ponder a subject : reflect
b. : to review something idly or casually and often inconclusively
2. : to assume a business risk in hope of gain; especially : to buy or sell in expectation of profiting from market fluctuations
transitive verb
1. : to take to be true on the basis of insufficient evidence : theorize
2. : to be curious or doubtful about : wonder
Synonyms: see think
• spec·u·la·tor \-ˌlā-tər\ noun
美国传统词典英汉
spec.u.late
AHD:[spĕkʹyə-lāt']
D.J.[ˈspekjəˌleɪt]
K.K.[ˈspɛkjəˌlet]
v.（动词）
spec.u.lat.ed, spec.u.lat.ing, spec.u.lates
v.intr.（不及物动词）
To meditate on a subject; reflect.
思考：对某一问题思考；沉思
To engage in a course of reasoning often based on inconclusive evidence.See Synonyms at conjecture See Synonyms at think
推测，猜测：根据不确定的证据所进行的推理过程参见 conjecture参见 think
To engage in the buying or selling of a commodity with an element of risk on the chance of profit.
投机：冒一定的风险从事商品买卖以求获利的机会
v.tr.（及物动词）
To assume to be true without conclusive evidence:
推测：没有确切证据地推测：
speculated that high cholesterol was a contributing factor to the patient's health problems.
推测高胆固醇含量是影响病人健康的一个因素
```
语源
Latin speculārī speculāt- [to observe]
拉丁语 speculārī speculāt- [观察]
from specula [watchtower]
源自 specula [观望塔]
from specere [to look at] * see spek-
源自 specere [看着] *参见 spek-
```
speculate (v.)
1590s, back formation from speculation. Related: Speculated; speculating.
韦氏大学
spec·u·late
\ˈspe-kyə-ˌlāt\ verb
(-lat·ed ; -lat·ing)
Etymology: Latin speculatus, past participle of speculari to spy out, examine, from specula lookout post, from specere to look, look at — more at spy
Date: 1599
intransitive verb
1.
a. : to meditate on or ponder a subject : reflect
b. : to review something idly or casually and often inconclusively
2. : to assume a business risk in hope of gain; especially : to buy or sell in expectation of profiting from market fluctuations
transitive verb
1. : to take to be true on the basis of insufficient evidence : theorize
2. : to be curious or doubtful about : wonder
Synonyms: see think
• spec·u·la·tor \-ˌlā-tər\ noun
美国传统词典英汉
spec.u.late
AHD:[spĕkʹyə-lāt']
D.J.[ˈspekjəˌleɪt]
K.K.[ˈspɛkjəˌlet]
v.（动词）
spec.u.lat.ed, spec.u.lat.ing, spec.u.lates
v.intr.（不及物动词）
To meditate on a subject; reflect.
思考：对某一问题思考；沉思
To engage in a course of reasoning often based on inconclusive evidence.See Synonyms at conjecture See Synonyms at think
推测，猜测：根据不确定的证据所进行的推理过程参见 conjecture参见 think
To engage in the buying or selling of a commodity with an element of risk on the chance of profit.
投机：冒一定的风险从事商品买卖以求获利的机会
v.tr.（及物动词）
To assume to be true without conclusive evidence:
推测：没有确切证据地推测：
speculated that high cholesterol was a contributing factor to the patient's health problems.
推测高胆固醇含量是影响病人健康的一个因素
```
语源
Latin speculārī speculāt- [to observe]
拉丁语 speculārī speculāt- [观察]
from specula [watchtower]
源自 specula [观望塔]
from specere [to look at] * see spek-
源自 specere [看着] *参见 spek-
```
31
```
speculator
speculator (n.)
1550s, from L. speculator, agent noun from speculari (see speculation). The financial sense is from 1778.
韦氏大学
spec·u·la·tor
noun
see speculate
美国传统词典英汉
spec.u.la.tor
AHD:[spĕkʹyə-lā'tər]
D.J.[ˈspekjəˌleɪtə]
K.K.[ˈspɛkjəˌletɚ]
n.（名词）
One that speculates:
投机商，沉思者：
a commodities speculator; a speculator regarding the future turn of events.
商品投机商；考虑事情的未来转变的思索者
```
```
speculator
speculator (n.)
1550s, from L. speculator, agent noun from speculari (see speculation). The financial sense is from 1778.
韦氏大学
spec·u·la·tor
noun
see speculate
美国传统词典英汉
spec.u.la.tor
AHD:[spĕkʹyə-lā'tər]
D.J.[ˈspekjəˌleɪtə]
K.K.[ˈspɛkjəˌletɚ]
n.（名词）
One that speculates:
投机商，沉思者：
a commodities speculator; a speculator regarding the future turn of events.
商品投机商；考虑事情的未来转变的思索者
```
32
Etymonline
spectacle
spectacle (n.)
mid-14c., "specially prepared or arranged display," from O.Fr. spectacle, from L. spectaculum "a show, spectacle," from spectare "to view, watch," frequentative form of specere "to look at," from PIE *spek- "to observe" (see scope (n.1)).
韦氏大学
spec·ta·cle
\ˈspek-ti-kəl also -ˌti-kəl\ noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Anglo-French, from Latin spectaculum, from spectare to watch, frequentative of specere to look, look at — more at spy
Date: 14th century
1.
a. : something exhibited to view as unusual, notable, or entertaining; especially : an eye-catching or dramatic public display
b. : an object of curiosity or contempt
2. plural : glasses
3. : something (as natural markings on an animal) suggesting a pair of glasses
美国传统词典英汉
spec.ta.cle
AHD:[spĕkʹtə-kəl]
D.J.[ˈspektəkəl]
K.K.[ˈspɛktəkəl]
n.（名词）
Something that can be seen or viewed, especially something of a remarkable or impressive nature.
景象，壮观：能被看见或观望的东西，尤指奇异或壮丽的景观
A public performance or display, especially one on a large or lavish scale.
公开展示，演出：尤指大型或浪费的公开表演或展示
A regrettable public display, as of bad behavior:
出洋相：令人遗憾的公开展示，如恶劣行径：
drank too much and made a spectacle of himself.
喝得过多而当众出丑
spectacles
spectacles
A pair of eyeglasses.
眼镜
Something resembling eyeglasses in shape or suggesting them in function.
眼镜状的东西或具有眼镜功能的器械
```
语源
Middle English
中古英语
from Old French
源自 古法语
from Latin spectāculum
源自 拉丁语 spectāculum
from spectāre [to watch] [frequentative of] specere [to look at] * see spek-
源自 spectāre [观察] [] specere的重复动词 [看着] *参见 spek-
```
Etymonline
spectacle
spectacle (n.)
mid-14c., "specially prepared or arranged display," from O.Fr. spectacle, from L. spectaculum "a show, spectacle," from spectare "to view, watch," frequentative form of specere "to look at," from PIE *spek- "to observe" (see scope (n.1)).
韦氏大学
spec·ta·cle
\ˈspek-ti-kəl also -ˌti-kəl\ noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Anglo-French, from Latin spectaculum, from spectare to watch, frequentative of specere to look, look at — more at spy
Date: 14th century
1.
a. : something exhibited to view as unusual, notable, or entertaining; especially : an eye-catching or dramatic public display
b. : an object of curiosity or contempt
2. plural : glasses
3. : something (as natural markings on an animal) suggesting a pair of glasses
美国传统词典英汉
spec.ta.cle
AHD:[spĕkʹtə-kəl]
D.J.[ˈspektəkəl]
K.K.[ˈspɛktəkəl]
n.（名词）
Something that can be seen or viewed, especially something of a remarkable or impressive nature.
景象，壮观：能被看见或观望的东西，尤指奇异或壮丽的景观
A public performance or display, especially one on a large or lavish scale.
公开展示，演出：尤指大型或浪费的公开表演或展示
A regrettable public display, as of bad behavior:
出洋相：令人遗憾的公开展示，如恶劣行径：
drank too much and made a spectacle of himself.
喝得过多而当众出丑
spectacles
spectacles
A pair of eyeglasses.
眼镜
Something resembling eyeglasses in shape or suggesting them in function.
眼镜状的东西或具有眼镜功能的器械
```
语源
Middle English
中古英语
from Old French
源自 古法语
from Latin spectāculum
源自 拉丁语 spectāculum
from spectāre [to watch] [frequentative of] specere [to look at] * see spek-
源自 spectāre [观察] [] specere的重复动词 [看着] *参见 spek-
```
33
```
espy
espy (v.)
early 13c., aspy, from O.Fr. espier (12c., Mod.Fr. épier), from V.L. *spiare, from a Germanic source (cf. O.H.G. spehon "to spy;" see spy). Related: Espied. For initial e-, see especial.
韦氏大学
es·py
\is-ˈpī\ transitive verb
(es·pied ; es·py·ing)
Etymology: Middle English espien, from Anglo-French espier — more at spy
Date: 14th century
: to catch sight of
```
```
美国传统词典英汉
es.py
AHD:[ĭ-spīʹ]
D.J.[ɪˈspaɪ]
K.K.[ɪˈspaɪ]
v.tr.（及物动词）
es.pied, es.py.ing, es.pies
To catch sight of (something distant, partially hidden, or obscure); glimpse.See Synonyms at see 1
窥见：看到（尤指远处、模糊或掩蔽之物）；瞥见参见 see1
```
```
语源
Middle English espien
中古英语 espien
from Old French espier [to watch]
源自 古法语 espier [看到，望见]
[of Germanic origin] * see spek-
[源于日耳曼语的] *参见 spek-
```
```
espy
espy (v.)
early 13c., aspy, from O.Fr. espier (12c., Mod.Fr. épier), from V.L. *spiare, from a Germanic source (cf. O.H.G. spehon "to spy;" see spy). Related: Espied. For initial e-, see especial.
韦氏大学
es·py
\is-ˈpī\ transitive verb
(es·pied ; es·py·ing)
Etymology: Middle English espien, from Anglo-French espier — more at spy
Date: 14th century
: to catch sight of
```
```
美国传统词典英汉
es.py
AHD:[ĭ-spīʹ]
D.J.[ɪˈspaɪ]
K.K.[ɪˈspaɪ]
v.tr.（及物动词）
es.pied, es.py.ing, es.pies
To catch sight of (something distant, partially hidden, or obscure); glimpse.See Synonyms at see 1
窥见：看到（尤指远处、模糊或掩蔽之物）；瞥见参见 see1
```
```
语源
Middle English espien
中古英语 espien
from Old French espier [to watch]
源自 古法语 espier [看到，望见]
[of Germanic origin] * see spek-
[源于日耳曼语的] *参见 spek-
```
34
```
es·pi·al
\is-ˈpī(-ə)l\ noun
Date: 14th century
1. : observation
2. : an act of noticing : discovery
美国传统词典英汉
es.pi.al
AHD:[ĭ-spīʹəl]
D.J.[ɪˈspaɪəl]
K.K.[ɪˈspaɪəl]
n.（名词）
The act of watching or observing; observation.
窥探，侦察：观看或观察的动作；观察
A taking notice of something; a discovery.
觉察：注意到某事；发现
The fact of being seen or noticed.
被看见或被注意
```
```
语源
Middle English espiaille
中古英语 espiaille
from Old French
源自 古法语
from espier [to watch] * see espy
源自 espier [观察] *参见 espy
```
```
es·pi·al
\is-ˈpī(-ə)l\ noun
Date: 14th century
1. : observation
2. : an act of noticing : discovery
美国传统词典英汉
es.pi.al
AHD:[ĭ-spīʹəl]
D.J.[ɪˈspaɪəl]
K.K.[ɪˈspaɪəl]
n.（名词）
The act of watching or observing; observation.
窥探，侦察：观看或观察的动作；观察
A taking notice of something; a discovery.
觉察：注意到某事；发现
The fact of being seen or noticed.
被看见或被注意
```
```
语源
Middle English espiaille
中古英语 espiaille
from Old French
源自 古法语
from espier [to watch] * see espy
源自 espier [观察] *参见 espy
```
35
Etymonline
swoop
swoop (v.)
1560s, "to move or walk in a stately manner," apparently from a dialectal survival of O.E. swapan "to sweep, brandish, dash," from P.Gmc. *swaipanan, from PIE root *swei- "to swing, bend, to turn." Meaning "pounce upon with a sweeping movement" first recorded 1630s. Spelling with -oo- may have been influenced by Scottish and northern England dialectal soop "to sweep," from O.N. sopa "to sweep." Related: Swooped; swooping.
Etymonline
swoop
swoop (n.)
1540s, from swoop (v.). Phrase one fell swoop is from Shakespeare.
Oh, Hell-Kite! All? What, All my pretty Chickens, and their Damme, At one fell swoope? ["Macbeth," IV.iii.219]
韦氏大学
swoop
I. \ˈswüp\ verb
Etymology: alteration of Middle English swopen to sweep, from Old English swāpan — more at sweep
Date: 1566
intransitive verb
: to move with a sweep
transitive verb
: to gain or carry off in or as if in a swoop — usually used with up
• swoop·er noun
II. noun
Date: 1605
1. : an act or instance of swooping
2. : a single concentrated and quickly effective effort
— often used with fell
```
美国传统词典英汉
swoop
AHD:[sw›p]
D.J.[swuːp]
K.K.[swup]
v.（动词）
swooped, swoop.ing, swoops
v.intr.（不及物动词）
To move in a sudden sweep:
猛扑：突然向前疾弛而动：
The bird swooped down on its prey.
那飞禽向着猎物猛扑下来
To make a rush or an attack with or as if with a sudden sweeping movement. Often used withdown :
突然扑向：以或似以突然向前疾弛的动作冲向（某物）或向（某物）进攻常与down 连用：
The children swooped down on the pile of presents.
孩子们向那堆礼物冲了过去
v.tr.（及物动词）
To seize or snatch in or as if in a sudden sweeping movement.
以或似以出其不意的动作抓起或攫取
n.（名词）
The act or an instance of swooping.
飞扑，攫取：飞扑或攫取的行为和事实
```
```
语源
Middle English swopen [to sweep along]
中古英语 swopen [猛力推进]
from Old English swāpan [to sweep, swing]
源自 古英语 swāpan [快速移动，摆动]
```
Etymonline
swoop
swoop (v.)
1560s, "to move or walk in a stately manner," apparently from a dialectal survival of O.E. swapan "to sweep, brandish, dash," from P.Gmc. *swaipanan, from PIE root *swei- "to swing, bend, to turn." Meaning "pounce upon with a sweeping movement" first recorded 1630s. Spelling with -oo- may have been influenced by Scottish and northern England dialectal soop "to sweep," from O.N. sopa "to sweep." Related: Swooped; swooping.
Etymonline
swoop
swoop (n.)
1540s, from swoop (v.). Phrase one fell swoop is from Shakespeare.
Oh, Hell-Kite! All? What, All my pretty Chickens, and their Damme, At one fell swoope? ["Macbeth," IV.iii.219]
韦氏大学
swoop
I. \ˈswüp\ verb
Etymology: alteration of Middle English swopen to sweep, from Old English swāpan — more at sweep
Date: 1566
intransitive verb
: to move with a sweep
transitive verb
: to gain or carry off in or as if in a swoop — usually used with up
• swoop·er noun
II. noun
Date: 1605
1. : an act or instance of swooping
2. : a single concentrated and quickly effective effort
— often used with fell
```
美国传统词典英汉
swoop
AHD:[sw›p]
D.J.[swuːp]
K.K.[swup]
v.（动词）
swooped, swoop.ing, swoops
v.intr.（不及物动词）
To move in a sudden sweep:
猛扑：突然向前疾弛而动：
The bird swooped down on its prey.
那飞禽向着猎物猛扑下来
To make a rush or an attack with or as if with a sudden sweeping movement. Often used withdown :
突然扑向：以或似以突然向前疾弛的动作冲向（某物）或向（某物）进攻常与down 连用：
The children swooped down on the pile of presents.
孩子们向那堆礼物冲了过去
v.tr.（及物动词）
To seize or snatch in or as if in a sudden sweeping movement.
以或似以出其不意的动作抓起或攫取
n.（名词）
The act or an instance of swooping.
飞扑，攫取：飞扑或攫取的行为和事实
```
```
语源
Middle English swopen [to sweep along]
中古英语 swopen [猛力推进]
from Old English swāpan [to sweep, swing]
源自 古英语 swāpan [快速移动，摆动]
```
36
c.1300, "to go, glide, move," probably from O.N. sveigja "to bend, swing, give way," from P.Gmc. *swaigijanan and related to swag (v.) and swing. The sense of "swing, wave, waver" is first recorded c.1500. Related: Swayed; swaying. The noun meaning "controlling influence" (to be under the sway of) is 1510s, from a transitive sense of the verb in Dutch and other languages. The verb in this sense is recorded in English from 1590s.
韦氏大学
sway
I. \ˈswā\ noun
Etymology: Middle English sweigh, from sweyen
Date: 14th century
1. : the action or an instance of swaying or of being swayed : an oscillating, fluctuating, or sweeping motion
2. : an inclination or deflection caused by or as if by swaying
3.
a. : a controlling influence
b. : sovereign power : dominion
c. : the ability to exercise influence or authority : dominance
Synonyms: see power
II. verb
Etymology: alteration of earlier swey to fall, swoon, from Middle English sweyen, probably of Scandinavian origin; akin to Old Norse sveigja to sway; akin to Lithuanian svaigti to become dizzy
Date: circa 1500
intransitive verb
1.
a. : to swing slowly and rhythmically back and forth from a base or pivot
b. : to move gently from an upright to a leaning position
2. : to hold sway : act as ruler or governor
3. : to fluctuate or veer between one point, position, or opinion and another
transitive verb
1.
a. : to cause to sway : set to swinging, rocking, or oscillating
b. : to cause to bend downward to one side
c. : to cause to turn aside : deflect, divert
2. archaic
a. : wield
b. : govern, rule
3.
a. : to cause to vacillate
b. : to exert a guiding or controlling influence on
4. : to hoist in place
```
Synonyms: see swing, affect
• sway·er noun
美国传统词典英汉
sway
AHD:[swā]
D.J.[sweɪ]
K.K.[swe]
v.（动词）
swayed, sway.ing, sways
v.intr.（不及物动词）
To swing back and forth or to and fro.See Synonyms at swing
摇摆：前后或来回摆动参见 swing
To incline or bend to one side; veer:
歪，倾斜：倾或弯向一侧；转向：
She swayed and put out a hand to steady herself.
她倒向一边伸出一只手稳住自己
To incline toward change, as in opinion or feeling.
改变：观点或感情等倾向于变化
To fluctuate, as in outlook.
观点动摇不定
v.tr.（及物动词）
To cause to swing back and forth or to and fro.
使前后或来回摇摆
To cause to incline or bend to one side.
使倾斜：使倒向或变向一边
Nautical To hoist (a mast or yard) into position.
【航海】 升起桅杆：把（桅杆或横杆）升到某一位置
To divert; deflect.
使转移；使偏斜
To exert influence on or control over:
影响或控制：施加影响于或控制：
His speech swayed the voters.
他的讲演影响了选民
Archaic
【古语】
To rule or govern.
支配和统治
To wield, as a weapon or scepter.
挥舞（武器或权杖）
n.（名词）
The act of moving from side to side with a swinging motion.
摇摆：摇摆着从一边向另一边移动的动作
Power; influence.
权力；影响力
Dominion or control.
统治或控制
```
```
语源
Middle English sweien
中古英语 sweien
[probably of Scandinavian origin]
[可能来源于斯堪的纳维亚语的]
```
继承用法
swayʹer n.（名词）
swayʹingly adv.（副词）
c.1300, "to go, glide, move," probably from O.N. sveigja "to bend, swing, give way," from P.Gmc. *swaigijanan and related to swag (v.) and swing. The sense of "swing, wave, waver" is first recorded c.1500. Related: Swayed; swaying. The noun meaning "controlling influence" (to be under the sway of) is 1510s, from a transitive sense of the verb in Dutch and other languages. The verb in this sense is recorded in English from 1590s.
韦氏大学
sway
I. \ˈswā\ noun
Etymology: Middle English sweigh, from sweyen
Date: 14th century
1. : the action or an instance of swaying or of being swayed : an oscillating, fluctuating, or sweeping motion
2. : an inclination or deflection caused by or as if by swaying
3.
a. : a controlling influence
b. : sovereign power : dominion
c. : the ability to exercise influence or authority : dominance
Synonyms: see power
II. verb
Etymology: alteration of earlier swey to fall, swoon, from Middle English sweyen, probably of Scandinavian origin; akin to Old Norse sveigja to sway; akin to Lithuanian svaigti to become dizzy
Date: circa 1500
intransitive verb
1.
a. : to swing slowly and rhythmically back and forth from a base or pivot
b. : to move gently from an upright to a leaning position
2. : to hold sway : act as ruler or governor
3. : to fluctuate or veer between one point, position, or opinion and another
transitive verb
1.
a. : to cause to sway : set to swinging, rocking, or oscillating
b. : to cause to bend downward to one side
c. : to cause to turn aside : deflect, divert
2. archaic
a. : wield
b. : govern, rule
3.
a. : to cause to vacillate
b. : to exert a guiding or controlling influence on
4. : to hoist in place
```
Synonyms: see swing, affect
• sway·er noun
美国传统词典英汉
sway
AHD:[swā]
D.J.[sweɪ]
K.K.[swe]
v.（动词）
swayed, sway.ing, sways
v.intr.（不及物动词）
To swing back and forth or to and fro.See Synonyms at swing
摇摆：前后或来回摆动参见 swing
To incline or bend to one side; veer:
歪，倾斜：倾或弯向一侧；转向：
She swayed and put out a hand to steady herself.
她倒向一边伸出一只手稳住自己
To incline toward change, as in opinion or feeling.
改变：观点或感情等倾向于变化
To fluctuate, as in outlook.
观点动摇不定
v.tr.（及物动词）
To cause to swing back and forth or to and fro.
使前后或来回摇摆
To cause to incline or bend to one side.
使倾斜：使倒向或变向一边
Nautical To hoist (a mast or yard) into position.
【航海】 升起桅杆：把（桅杆或横杆）升到某一位置
To divert; deflect.
使转移；使偏斜
To exert influence on or control over:
影响或控制：施加影响于或控制：
His speech swayed the voters.
他的讲演影响了选民
Archaic
【古语】
To rule or govern.
支配和统治
To wield, as a weapon or scepter.
挥舞（武器或权杖）
n.（名词）
The act of moving from side to side with a swinging motion.
摇摆：摇摆着从一边向另一边移动的动作
Power; influence.
权力；影响力
Dominion or control.
统治或控制
```
```
语源
Middle English sweien
中古英语 sweien
[probably of Scandinavian origin]
[可能来源于斯堪的纳维亚语的]
```
继承用法
swayʹer n.（名词）
swayʹingly adv.（副词）
37
Etymonline
impervious
impervious (adj.)
1640s, from L. impervius "that cannot be passed through," from assimilated form of in- "not, opposite of" (see in- (1)) + pervius "letting things through," from per "through" + via "road." Related: Imperviously; imperviousness.
韦氏大学
im·per·vi·ous
\(ˌ)im-ˈpər-vē-əs\ adjective
Etymology: Latin impervius, from in- + pervius pervious
Date: 1640
1.
a. : not allowing entrance or passage : impenetrable
b. : not capable of being damaged or harmed
2. : not capable of being affected or disturbed
```
• im·per·vi·ous·ly adverb
• im·per·vi·ous·ness noun
美国传统词典英汉
im.per.vi.ous
AHD:[ĭm-pûrʹvē-əs]
D.J.[ɪmˈpɜːviːəs]
K.K.[ɪmˈpɝviəs]
adj.（形容词）
Incapable of being penetrated:
不能渗透的：
a material impervious to water.
不透水的材料
Incapable of being affected:
不受影响的：
impervious to fear.
不受恐惧影响的
```
```
语源
From Latin impervius
源自 拉丁语 impervius
in- [not] * see in- 1
in- [不] *参见 in-1
pervius [pervious] * see pervious
pervius [难渗透的] *参见 pervious
```
继承用法
imperʹviously adv.（副词）
imperʹviousness n.（名词）
Etymonline
impervious
impervious (adj.)
1640s, from L. impervius "that cannot be passed through," from assimilated form of in- "not, opposite of" (see in- (1)) + pervius "letting things through," from per "through" + via "road." Related: Imperviously; imperviousness.
韦氏大学
im·per·vi·ous
\(ˌ)im-ˈpər-vē-əs\ adjective
Etymology: Latin impervius, from in- + pervius pervious
Date: 1640
1.
a. : not allowing entrance or passage : impenetrable
b. : not capable of being damaged or harmed
2. : not capable of being affected or disturbed
```
• im·per·vi·ous·ly adverb
• im·per·vi·ous·ness noun
美国传统词典英汉
im.per.vi.ous
AHD:[ĭm-pûrʹvē-əs]
D.J.[ɪmˈpɜːviːəs]
K.K.[ɪmˈpɝviəs]
adj.（形容词）
Incapable of being penetrated:
不能渗透的：
a material impervious to water.
不透水的材料
Incapable of being affected:
不受影响的：
impervious to fear.
不受恐惧影响的
```
```
语源
From Latin impervius
源自 拉丁语 impervius
in- [not] * see in- 1
in- [不] *参见 in-1
pervius [pervious] * see pervious
pervius [难渗透的] *参见 pervious
```
继承用法
imperʹviously adv.（副词）
imperʹviousness n.（名词）
38
```
invoice (n.)
1550s, apparently from M.Fr. envois, pl. of envoi "dispatch (of goods)," lit. "a sending," from envoyer "to send" (see envoy). As a verb, 1690s, from the noun.
韦氏大学
in·voice
I. \ˈin-ˌvȯis\ noun
Etymology: modification of Middle French envois, plural of envoi message — more at envoi
Date: 1560
1. : an itemized list of goods shipped usually specifying the price and the terms of sale : bill
2. : a consignment of merchandise
II. transitive verb
(in·voiced ; in·voic·ing)
Date: 1698
: to send an invoice for or to
美国传统词典英汉
in.voice
AHD:[ĭnʹvois']
D.J.[ˈɪnˌvɔɪs]
K.K.[ˈɪnˌvɔɪs]
n.Abbr. inv.（名词）缩写 inv.
A detailed list of goods shipped or services rendered, with an account of all costs; an itemized bill.
发货清单；发票：关于发送的货物或提供的服务的一份详细的清单，带有所有费用的记录；逐项列出的票单
The goods or services itemized in an invoice.
清单项目：清单上逐条列出的货物或服务
v.tr.（及物动词）
in.voiced, in.voic.ing, in.voic.es
To make an invoice of (goods or services).
开清单：为（货物或服务）开出一个清单
To send an invoice to; bill.
寄发票；开票：把发票寄给…；开票给…
```
```
语源
Alteration of obsolete invoyes [pl. of] invoy [invoice]
废语 invoyes的变化 [] invoy的复数 [发票]
from French envoi [a sending, shipment]
源自 法语 envoi [发送；船运]
from envoyer [to send] * see envoy 1
源自 envoyer [送] *参见 envoy1
```
```
invoice (n.)
1550s, apparently from M.Fr. envois, pl. of envoi "dispatch (of goods)," lit. "a sending," from envoyer "to send" (see envoy). As a verb, 1690s, from the noun.
韦氏大学
in·voice
I. \ˈin-ˌvȯis\ noun
Etymology: modification of Middle French envois, plural of envoi message — more at envoi
Date: 1560
1. : an itemized list of goods shipped usually specifying the price and the terms of sale : bill
2. : a consignment of merchandise
II. transitive verb
(in·voiced ; in·voic·ing)
Date: 1698
: to send an invoice for or to
美国传统词典英汉
in.voice
AHD:[ĭnʹvois']
D.J.[ˈɪnˌvɔɪs]
K.K.[ˈɪnˌvɔɪs]
n.Abbr. inv.（名词）缩写 inv.
A detailed list of goods shipped or services rendered, with an account of all costs; an itemized bill.
发货清单；发票：关于发送的货物或提供的服务的一份详细的清单，带有所有费用的记录；逐项列出的票单
The goods or services itemized in an invoice.
清单项目：清单上逐条列出的货物或服务
v.tr.（及物动词）
in.voiced, in.voic.ing, in.voic.es
To make an invoice of (goods or services).
开清单：为（货物或服务）开出一个清单
To send an invoice to; bill.
寄发票；开票：把发票寄给…；开票给…
```
```
语源
Alteration of obsolete invoyes [pl. of] invoy [invoice]
废语 invoyes的变化 [] invoy的复数 [发票]
from French envoi [a sending, shipment]
源自 法语 envoi [发送；船运]
from envoyer [to send] * see envoy 1
源自 envoyer [送] *参见 envoy1
```
39
```
Etymonline
envoy
envoy (n.)
"messenger," 1660s, from Fr. envoyé "messenger," lit. "one sent" (12c.), noun use of pp. of envoyer "send," from V.L. *inviare "send on one's way," from L. in "on" (see in- (2)) + via "road" (see via (adv.)). The same French word was borrowed in Middle English to mean "a stanza of a poem sending it off to find readers" (late 14c.).
韦氏大学
en·voy
\ˈen-ˌvȯi, ˈän-\ noun
Etymology: French envoyé, from past participle of envoyer to send, from Old French enveier
Date: 1635
1.
a. : a minister plenipotentiary accredited to a foreign government who ranks between an ambassador and a minister resident — called also envoy extraordinary
b. : a person delegated to represent one government in its dealings with another
2. : messenger, representative
美国传统词典英汉
envoy 1
AHD:[ĕnʹvoi', ŏnʹ-]
D.J.[ˈenˌvɔɪ, ˈɒn-]
K.K.[ˈɛnˌvɔɪ, ˈɑn-]
n.（名词）
A representative of a government who is sent on a special diplomatic mission.
代表：为一特定外交任务而委派的政府代表
A minister plenipotentiary assigned to a foreign embassy, ranking next below the ambassador.
特命全权公使：派驻国外使馆的特命全权使节，仅低于大使
A messenger; an agent.
信使；代理人
```
```
语源
French envoyé [messenger] [from past participle of] envoyer [to send]
法语 envoyé [信使] [] 源自envoyer的过去分词 [派]
from Old French envoier
源自 古法语 envoier
from Late Latin inviāre [to be on the way]
源自 后期拉丁语 inviāre [在…的路上]
Latin in- [in, on] * see en- 1
拉丁语 in- [在…里，上] *参见 en-1
Latin via [way] * see wegh-
拉丁语 via [路] *参见 wegh-
envoy 2也作 en.voi
AHD:[ĕnʹvoi', ŏnʹ-]
D.J.[ˈenˌvɔɪ, ˈɒn-]
K.K.[ˈɛnˌvɔɪ, ˈɑn-]
n.（名词）
A short closing stanza in certain verse forms, such as the ballade or sestina, dedicating the poem to a patron or summarizing its main ideas.
结尾诗节：在一些特定诗体，如民谣体或六节六行体结尾处的短节，一般为向保护人的献辞或全诗的总结
The concluding portion of a prose work or a play.
结尾：戏剧或非韵体作品的结尾
```
```
语源
Middle English envoie
中古英语 envoie
from Old French [a sending away, conclusion]
源自 古法语 [总结]
from envoier [to send] * see envoy 1
源自 envoier [送] *参见 envoy1
```
```
Etymonline
envoy
envoy (n.)
"messenger," 1660s, from Fr. envoyé "messenger," lit. "one sent" (12c.), noun use of pp. of envoyer "send," from V.L. *inviare "send on one's way," from L. in "on" (see in- (2)) + via "road" (see via (adv.)). The same French word was borrowed in Middle English to mean "a stanza of a poem sending it off to find readers" (late 14c.).
韦氏大学
en·voy
\ˈen-ˌvȯi, ˈän-\ noun
Etymology: French envoyé, from past participle of envoyer to send, from Old French enveier
Date: 1635
1.
a. : a minister plenipotentiary accredited to a foreign government who ranks between an ambassador and a minister resident — called also envoy extraordinary
b. : a person delegated to represent one government in its dealings with another
2. : messenger, representative
美国传统词典英汉
envoy 1
AHD:[ĕnʹvoi', ŏnʹ-]
D.J.[ˈenˌvɔɪ, ˈɒn-]
K.K.[ˈɛnˌvɔɪ, ˈɑn-]
n.（名词）
A representative of a government who is sent on a special diplomatic mission.
代表：为一特定外交任务而委派的政府代表
A minister plenipotentiary assigned to a foreign embassy, ranking next below the ambassador.
特命全权公使：派驻国外使馆的特命全权使节，仅低于大使
A messenger; an agent.
信使；代理人
```
```
语源
French envoyé [messenger] [from past participle of] envoyer [to send]
法语 envoyé [信使] [] 源自envoyer的过去分词 [派]
from Old French envoier
源自 古法语 envoier
from Late Latin inviāre [to be on the way]
源自 后期拉丁语 inviāre [在…的路上]
Latin in- [in, on] * see en- 1
拉丁语 in- [在…里，上] *参见 en-1
Latin via [way] * see wegh-
拉丁语 via [路] *参见 wegh-
envoy 2也作 en.voi
AHD:[ĕnʹvoi', ŏnʹ-]
D.J.[ˈenˌvɔɪ, ˈɒn-]
K.K.[ˈɛnˌvɔɪ, ˈɑn-]
n.（名词）
A short closing stanza in certain verse forms, such as the ballade or sestina, dedicating the poem to a patron or summarizing its main ideas.
结尾诗节：在一些特定诗体，如民谣体或六节六行体结尾处的短节，一般为向保护人的献辞或全诗的总结
The concluding portion of a prose work or a play.
结尾：戏剧或非韵体作品的结尾
```
```
语源
Middle English envoie
中古英语 envoie
from Old French [a sending away, conclusion]
源自 古法语 [总结]
from envoier [to send] * see envoy 1
源自 envoier [送] *参见 envoy1
```
40
waggish
waggish (adj.)
"willing to make a fool of oneself, and fond of doing so to others," 1580s, from wag (n.) + -ish.
韦氏大学
wag·gish
\ˈwa-gish\ adjective
Date: 1589
1. : resembling or characteristic of a wag
2. : done or made in waggery or for sport : humorous
```
• wag·gish·ly adverb
• wag·gish·ness noun
美国传统词典英汉
wag.gish
AHD:[wăgʹĭsh]
D.J.[ˈwægɪʃ]
K.K.[ˈwægɪʃ]
adj.（形容词）
Characteristic of or resembling a wag; jocular or witty.See Synonyms at playful
诙谐的：有幽默特征的人或象幽默的人的；好笑的或机智的参见 playful
```
继承用法
wagʹgishly adv.（副词）
wagʹgishness n.（名词）
waggish
waggish (adj.)
"willing to make a fool of oneself, and fond of doing so to others," 1580s, from wag (n.) + -ish.
韦氏大学
wag·gish
\ˈwa-gish\ adjective
Date: 1589
1. : resembling or characteristic of a wag
2. : done or made in waggery or for sport : humorous
```
• wag·gish·ly adverb
• wag·gish·ness noun
美国传统词典英汉
wag.gish
AHD:[wăgʹĭsh]
D.J.[ˈwægɪʃ]
K.K.[ˈwægɪʃ]
adj.（形容词）
Characteristic of or resembling a wag; jocular or witty.See Synonyms at playful
诙谐的：有幽默特征的人或象幽默的人的；好笑的或机智的参见 playful
```
继承用法
wagʹgishly adv.（副词）
wagʹgishness n.（名词）
41
```
velodrome
velodrome (n.)
"building for bicycle races," 1902, from Fr. vélodrome, from vélo, colloquial abbreviation of vélocipède (see velocipede) + -drome, as in hippodrome.
韦氏大学
ve·lo·drome
\ˈvē-lə-ˌdrōm, ˈve-, ˈvā-\ noun
Etymology: French vélodrome, from vélo cycle (short for vélocipède) + -drome
Date: 1895
: a track designed for cycling
美国传统词典英汉
ve.lo.drome
AHD:[vēʹlə-drōm', vĕlʹə-]
D.J.[ˈviːləˌdrəʊm, ˈvelə-]
K.K.[ˈviləˌdrom, ˈvɛlə-]
n.（名词）
A sports arena with a banked oval track for bicycle and motorcycle racing.
室内赛车场：供脚踏车或摩托车比赛用的椭圆跑道
```
语源
French vélodrome
French vélodrome
blend of vélocipède [velocipede] * see velocipede
blend of vélocipède [velocipede] *参见 velocipede
and -drome [racecourse] from Latin -dromus * see -drome
and -drome [racecourse] from Latin -dromus *参见 -drome
```
velodrome
velodrome (n.)
"building for bicycle races," 1902, from Fr. vélodrome, from vélo, colloquial abbreviation of vélocipède (see velocipede) + -drome, as in hippodrome.
韦氏大学
ve·lo·drome
\ˈvē-lə-ˌdrōm, ˈve-, ˈvā-\ noun
Etymology: French vélodrome, from vélo cycle (short for vélocipède) + -drome
Date: 1895
: a track designed for cycling
美国传统词典英汉
ve.lo.drome
AHD:[vēʹlə-drōm', vĕlʹə-]
D.J.[ˈviːləˌdrəʊm, ˈvelə-]
K.K.[ˈviləˌdrom, ˈvɛlə-]
n.（名词）
A sports arena with a banked oval track for bicycle and motorcycle racing.
室内赛车场：供脚踏车或摩托车比赛用的椭圆跑道
```
语源
French vélodrome
French vélodrome
blend of vélocipède [velocipede] * see velocipede
blend of vélocipède [velocipede] *参见 velocipede
and -drome [racecourse] from Latin -dromus * see -drome
and -drome [racecourse] from Latin -dromus *参见 -drome
42
```
cursory (adj.)
c.1600, from M.Fr. cursoire "rapid," from L.L. cursorius "hasty, of a race or running," from L. curs-, pp. stem of currere "to run" (see current).
韦氏大学
cur·so·ry
\ˈkərs-rē, ˈkər-sə-\ adjective
Etymology: Late Latin cursorius of running, from Latin currere
Date: 1601
: rapidly and often superficially performed or produced : hasty
Synonyms: see superficial
• cur·so·ri·ly \-rə-lē\ adverb
• cur·so·ri·ness \-rē-nəs\ noun
美国传统词典英汉
cur.so.ry
AHD:[kûrʹsə-rē]
D.J.[ˈkɜːsəriː]
K.K.[ˈkɝsəri]
adj.（形容词）
Performed with haste and scant attention to detail:
粗略的：仓促进行并对细节缺乏注意的：
a cursory glance at the headlines.See Synonyms at superficial
草草地看了一眼标题参见 superficial
```
```
语源
Late Latin cursōrius [of running]
后期拉丁语 cursōrius [奔跑的]
from Latin cursor cursōr- [runner] * see cursor
源自 拉丁语 cursor cursōr- [奔跑者] *参见 cursor
```
继承用法
curʹsorily adv.（副词）
curʹsoriness n.（名词）
```
cursory (adj.)
c.1600, from M.Fr. cursoire "rapid," from L.L. cursorius "hasty, of a race or running," from L. curs-, pp. stem of currere "to run" (see current).
韦氏大学
cur·so·ry
\ˈkərs-rē, ˈkər-sə-\ adjective
Etymology: Late Latin cursorius of running, from Latin currere
Date: 1601
: rapidly and often superficially performed or produced : hasty
Synonyms: see superficial
• cur·so·ri·ly \-rə-lē\ adverb
• cur·so·ri·ness \-rē-nəs\ noun
美国传统词典英汉
cur.so.ry
AHD:[kûrʹsə-rē]
D.J.[ˈkɜːsəriː]
K.K.[ˈkɝsəri]
adj.（形容词）
Performed with haste and scant attention to detail:
粗略的：仓促进行并对细节缺乏注意的：
a cursory glance at the headlines.See Synonyms at superficial
草草地看了一眼标题参见 superficial
```
```
语源
Late Latin cursōrius [of running]
后期拉丁语 cursōrius [奔跑的]
from Latin cursor cursōr- [runner] * see cursor
源自 拉丁语 cursor cursōr- [奔跑者] *参见 cursor
```
继承用法
curʹsorily adv.（副词）
curʹsoriness n.（名词）
43
Etymonline
cursive
cursive
1784, from Fr. cursif (18c.), from M.L. cursivus "running," from L. cursus "a running," from pp. of currere "to run" (see current). The notion is of "written with a running hand" (without raising the pen), as opposed to uncial.
韦氏大学
cur·sive
I. \ˈkər-siv\ adjective
Etymology: French or Medieval Latin; French cursif, from Medieval Latin cursivus, literally, running, from Latin cursus, past participle of currere to run
Date: circa 1784
: running, coursing: as
a. of writing : flowing often with the strokes of successive characters joined and the angles rounded
b. : having a flowing, easy, impromptu character
• cur·sive·ly adverb
• cur·sive·ness noun
II. noun
Date: 1838
1. : a manuscript written in cursive writing; also : cursive writing
2. : a style of printed letter resembling handwriting
美国传统词典英汉
cur.sive
AHD:[kûrʹsĭv]
D.J.[ˈkɜːsɪv]
K.K.[ˈkɝsɪv]
adj.（形容词）
Having the successive letters joined together:
草书的：连续的字母连在一起的：
cursive writing; a cursive style of type.
草书；印刷文字的草写体
n.（名词）
A cursive character or letter.
草写字母，草写字
A manuscript written in cursive characters.
草书手稿：用草写体写成的手稿
Printing A type style that imitates handwriting.
【印刷术】 草体：一种模仿手写体的印刷字体
语源
French (écriture) cursive [cursive (handwriting)]
法语 (écriture) cursive [草书（手写体）]
from Medieval Latin (scripta) cursīva
源自 中世纪拉丁语 (scripta) cursīva
from Latin cursus [past participle of] currere [to run] * see kers-
源自 拉丁语 cursus [] currere的过去分词 [跑] *参见 kers-
继承用法
curʹsively adv.（副词）
curʹsiveness n.（名词）
Etymonline
cursive
cursive
1784, from Fr. cursif (18c.), from M.L. cursivus "running," from L. cursus "a running," from pp. of currere "to run" (see current). The notion is of "written with a running hand" (without raising the pen), as opposed to uncial.
韦氏大学
cur·sive
I. \ˈkər-siv\ adjective
Etymology: French or Medieval Latin; French cursif, from Medieval Latin cursivus, literally, running, from Latin cursus, past participle of currere to run
Date: circa 1784
: running, coursing: as
a. of writing : flowing often with the strokes of successive characters joined and the angles rounded
b. : having a flowing, easy, impromptu character
• cur·sive·ly adverb
• cur·sive·ness noun
II. noun
Date: 1838
1. : a manuscript written in cursive writing; also : cursive writing
2. : a style of printed letter resembling handwriting
美国传统词典英汉
cur.sive
AHD:[kûrʹsĭv]
D.J.[ˈkɜːsɪv]
K.K.[ˈkɝsɪv]
adj.（形容词）
Having the successive letters joined together:
草书的：连续的字母连在一起的：
cursive writing; a cursive style of type.
草书；印刷文字的草写体
n.（名词）
A cursive character or letter.
草写字母，草写字
A manuscript written in cursive characters.
草书手稿：用草写体写成的手稿
Printing A type style that imitates handwriting.
【印刷术】 草体：一种模仿手写体的印刷字体
语源
French (écriture) cursive [cursive (handwriting)]
法语 (écriture) cursive [草书（手写体）]
from Medieval Latin (scripta) cursīva
源自 中世纪拉丁语 (scripta) cursīva
from Latin cursus [past participle of] currere [to run] * see kers-
源自 拉丁语 cursus [] currere的过去分词 [跑] *参见 kers-
继承用法
curʹsively adv.（副词）
curʹsiveness n.（名词）
44
discursive
discursive (adj.)
1590s, from M.Fr. discursif, from M.L. discursivus, from L. discursus "a running about" (see discourse). Related: Discursively.
韦氏大学
dis·cur·sive
\dis-ˈkər-siv\ adjective
Etymology: Medieval Latin discursivus, from Latin discursus, past participle of discurrere to run about — more at discourse
Date: 1598
1.
a. : moving from topic to topic without order : rambling
b. : proceeding coherently from topic to topic
2. : marked by analytical reasoning
3. : of or relating to discourse
```
• dis·cur·sive·ly adverb
• dis·cur·sive·ness noun
美国传统词典英汉
dis.cur.sive
AHD:[dĭ-skûrʹsĭv]
D.J.[dɪˈskɜːsɪv]
K.K.[dɪˈskɝsɪv]
adj.（形容词）
Covering a wide field of subjects; rambling.
主题不明的，东拉西扯的：包含很大范围的主题；杂乱无章的
Proceeding to a conclusion through reason rather than intuition.
推论的，论证的：通过推理而非直觉来得出结论的
```
```
语源
Medieval Latin discursīvus
中世纪拉丁语 discursīvus
from Latin discursus [running about] * see discourse
源自 拉丁语 discursus [东奔西跑；奔忙] *参见 discourse
```
继承用法
discurʹsively adv.（副词）
discurʹsiveness n.（名词）
discursive
discursive (adj.)
1590s, from M.Fr. discursif, from M.L. discursivus, from L. discursus "a running about" (see discourse). Related: Discursively.
韦氏大学
dis·cur·sive
\dis-ˈkər-siv\ adjective
Etymology: Medieval Latin discursivus, from Latin discursus, past participle of discurrere to run about — more at discourse
Date: 1598
1.
a. : moving from topic to topic without order : rambling
b. : proceeding coherently from topic to topic
2. : marked by analytical reasoning
3. : of or relating to discourse
```
• dis·cur·sive·ly adverb
• dis·cur·sive·ness noun
美国传统词典英汉
dis.cur.sive
AHD:[dĭ-skûrʹsĭv]
D.J.[dɪˈskɜːsɪv]
K.K.[dɪˈskɝsɪv]
adj.（形容词）
Covering a wide field of subjects; rambling.
主题不明的，东拉西扯的：包含很大范围的主题；杂乱无章的
Proceeding to a conclusion through reason rather than intuition.
推论的，论证的：通过推理而非直觉来得出结论的
```
```
语源
Medieval Latin discursīvus
中世纪拉丁语 discursīvus
from Latin discursus [running about] * see discourse
源自 拉丁语 discursus [东奔西跑；奔忙] *参见 discourse
```
继承用法
discurʹsively adv.（副词）
discurʹsiveness n.（名词）
45
Etymonline
concourse
concourse (n.)
late 14c., from M.Fr. concours, from L. concursus "a running together," from pp. of concurrere (see concur). Originally "the flowing of a crowd of people;" sense of "open space in a built-up place" is American English, 1862.
韦氏大学
con·course
\ˈkän-ˌkȯrs, ˈkäŋ-\ noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Middle French & Latin; Middle French concours, from Latin concursus, from concurrere to run together — more at concur
Date: 14th century
1. : an act or process of coming together and merging
2. : a meeting produced by voluntary or spontaneous coming together
3.
a. : an open space where roads or paths meet
b. : an open space or hall (as in a railroad terminal) where crowds gather
美国传统词典英汉
con.course
AHD:[kŏnʹkôrs', -kōrs', kŏngʹ-]
D.J.[ˈkɒnˌkɔːs, -ˌkəʊrs, ˈkɒŋ-]
K.K.[ˈkɑnˌkɔrs, -ˌkors, ˈkɑŋ-]
n.（名词）
A large open space for the gathering or passage of crowds, as in an airport.
中央大厅：一个大的用于聚会或作人行通道的露天场所，例如飞机场
A broad thoroughfare.
宽阔的大道
A great crowd; a throng.
一大群；一大堆
The act of coming, moving, or flowing together.
汇集：来到、移动或流到一起的动作
语源
Middle English concours [assembly, throng]
中古英语 concours [集合，大群]
from Old French
源自 古法语
from Latin concursus [from past participle of] concurrere [to assemble]
源自 拉丁语 concursus [] 源自concurrere的过去分词 [集合]
com- [com-]
com- [前缀，表“集”]
currere [to run] * see kers-
currere [跑] *参见 kers-
Etymonline
concourse
concourse (n.)
late 14c., from M.Fr. concours, from L. concursus "a running together," from pp. of concurrere (see concur). Originally "the flowing of a crowd of people;" sense of "open space in a built-up place" is American English, 1862.
韦氏大学
con·course
\ˈkän-ˌkȯrs, ˈkäŋ-\ noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Middle French & Latin; Middle French concours, from Latin concursus, from concurrere to run together — more at concur
Date: 14th century
1. : an act or process of coming together and merging
2. : a meeting produced by voluntary or spontaneous coming together
3.
a. : an open space where roads or paths meet
b. : an open space or hall (as in a railroad terminal) where crowds gather
美国传统词典英汉
con.course
AHD:[kŏnʹkôrs', -kōrs', kŏngʹ-]
D.J.[ˈkɒnˌkɔːs, -ˌkəʊrs, ˈkɒŋ-]
K.K.[ˈkɑnˌkɔrs, -ˌkors, ˈkɑŋ-]
n.（名词）
A large open space for the gathering or passage of crowds, as in an airport.
中央大厅：一个大的用于聚会或作人行通道的露天场所，例如飞机场
A broad thoroughfare.
宽阔的大道
A great crowd; a throng.
一大群；一大堆
The act of coming, moving, or flowing together.
汇集：来到、移动或流到一起的动作
语源
Middle English concours [assembly, throng]
中古英语 concours [集合，大群]
from Old French
源自 古法语
from Latin concursus [from past participle of] concurrere [to assemble]
源自 拉丁语 concursus [] 源自concurrere的过去分词 [集合]
com- [com-]
com- [前缀，表“集”]
currere [to run] * see kers-
currere [跑] *参见 kers-
46
Etymonline
courier
courier
mid-14c., from Anglo-Fr. courrier, from O.Fr. coreor, ultimately an agent noun from L. currere "to run" (see current).
韦氏大学
cou·ri·er
\ˈku̇r-ē-ər, ˈkər-ē-, ˈkə-rē-\ noun
Etymology: Middle French courrier, from Old Italian corriere, from correre to run, from Latin currere
Date: 1579
1. : messenger: as
a. : a member of a diplomatic service entrusted with bearing messages
b.
(1) : an espionage agent transferring secret information
(2) : a runner of contraband
c. : a member of the armed services whose duties include carrying mail, information, or supplies
2. : a traveler's paid attendant; especially : a tourists' guide employed by a travel agency
美国传统词典英汉
cou.ri.er
AHD:[k‹rʹē-ər, kûrʹ-, kŭrʹ-]
D.J.[ˈkʊəriːə, ˈkɜː-, ˈkʌr-]
K.K.[ˈkʊriɚ, ˈkɝ-, ˈkʌr-]
n.（名词）
A messenger, especially one on official diplomatic business.
信使：送信者，尤指官方外交事务中的信使
A spy carrying secret information.
情报员，间谍：带有秘密情报的间谍
A personal attendant hired to make arrangements for a journey.
旅游服务员：雇佣来对旅途进行安排的私人随从
An employee of a travel agency serving as a guide for tourists.
导游：由旅行社派来进行旅游指导的雇员
```
语源
French courrier
法语 courrier
from Old French
源自 古法语
from Old Italian corriere
源自 古意大利语 corriere
from correre [to run]
源自 correre [跑]
from Latin currere * see kers-
源自 拉丁语 currere *参见 kers-
```
Etymonline
courier
courier
mid-14c., from Anglo-Fr. courrier, from O.Fr. coreor, ultimately an agent noun from L. currere "to run" (see current).
韦氏大学
cou·ri·er
\ˈku̇r-ē-ər, ˈkər-ē-, ˈkə-rē-\ noun
Etymology: Middle French courrier, from Old Italian corriere, from correre to run, from Latin currere
Date: 1579
1. : messenger: as
a. : a member of a diplomatic service entrusted with bearing messages
b.
(1) : an espionage agent transferring secret information
(2) : a runner of contraband
c. : a member of the armed services whose duties include carrying mail, information, or supplies
2. : a traveler's paid attendant; especially : a tourists' guide employed by a travel agency
美国传统词典英汉
cou.ri.er
AHD:[k‹rʹē-ər, kûrʹ-, kŭrʹ-]
D.J.[ˈkʊəriːə, ˈkɜː-, ˈkʌr-]
K.K.[ˈkʊriɚ, ˈkɝ-, ˈkʌr-]
n.（名词）
A messenger, especially one on official diplomatic business.
信使：送信者，尤指官方外交事务中的信使
A spy carrying secret information.
情报员，间谍：带有秘密情报的间谍
A personal attendant hired to make arrangements for a journey.
旅游服务员：雇佣来对旅途进行安排的私人随从
An employee of a travel agency serving as a guide for tourists.
导游：由旅行社派来进行旅游指导的雇员
```
语源
French courrier
法语 courrier
from Old French
源自 古法语
from Old Italian corriere
源自 古意大利语 corriere
from correre [to run]
源自 correre [跑]
from Latin currere * see kers-
源自 拉丁语 currere *参见 kers-
```
47
Etymonline
courier
courier
mid-14c., from Anglo-Fr. courrier, from O.Fr. coreor, ultimately an agent noun from L. currere "to run" (see current).
韦氏大学
cou·ri·er
\ˈku̇r-ē-ər, ˈkər-ē-, ˈkə-rē-\ noun
Etymology: Middle French courrier, from Old Italian corriere, from correre to run, from Latin currere
Date: 1579
1. : messenger: as
a. : a member of a diplomatic service entrusted with bearing messages
b.
(1) : an espionage agent transferring secret information
(2) : a runner of contraband
c. : a member of the armed services whose duties include carrying mail, information, or supplies
2. : a traveler's paid attendant; especially : a tourists' guide employed by a travel agency
美国传统词典英汉
cou.ri.er
AHD:[k‹rʹē-ər, kûrʹ-, kŭrʹ-]
D.J.[ˈkʊəriːə, ˈkɜː-, ˈkʌr-]
K.K.[ˈkʊriɚ, ˈkɝ-, ˈkʌr-]
n.（名词）
A messenger, especially one on official diplomatic business.
信使：送信者，尤指官方外交事务中的信使
A spy carrying secret information.
情报员，间谍：带有秘密情报的间谍
A personal attendant hired to make arrangements for a journey.
旅游服务员：雇佣来对旅途进行安排的私人随从
An employee of a travel agency serving as a guide for tourists.
导游：由旅行社派来进行旅游指导的雇员
```
语源
French courrier
法语 courrier
from Old French
源自 古法语
from Old Italian corriere
源自 古意大利语 corriere
from correre [to run]
源自 correre [跑]
from Latin currere * see kers-
源自 拉丁语 currere *参见 kers-
```
Etymonline
courier
courier
mid-14c., from Anglo-Fr. courrier, from O.Fr. coreor, ultimately an agent noun from L. currere "to run" (see current).
韦氏大学
cou·ri·er
\ˈku̇r-ē-ər, ˈkər-ē-, ˈkə-rē-\ noun
Etymology: Middle French courrier, from Old Italian corriere, from correre to run, from Latin currere
Date: 1579
1. : messenger: as
a. : a member of a diplomatic service entrusted with bearing messages
b.
(1) : an espionage agent transferring secret information
(2) : a runner of contraband
c. : a member of the armed services whose duties include carrying mail, information, or supplies
2. : a traveler's paid attendant; especially : a tourists' guide employed by a travel agency
美国传统词典英汉
cou.ri.er
AHD:[k‹rʹē-ər, kûrʹ-, kŭrʹ-]
D.J.[ˈkʊəriːə, ˈkɜː-, ˈkʌr-]
K.K.[ˈkʊriɚ, ˈkɝ-, ˈkʌr-]
n.（名词）
A messenger, especially one on official diplomatic business.
信使：送信者，尤指官方外交事务中的信使
A spy carrying secret information.
情报员，间谍：带有秘密情报的间谍
A personal attendant hired to make arrangements for a journey.
旅游服务员：雇佣来对旅途进行安排的私人随从
An employee of a travel agency serving as a guide for tourists.
导游：由旅行社派来进行旅游指导的雇员
```
语源
French courrier
法语 courrier
from Old French
源自 古法语
from Old Italian corriere
源自 古意大利语 corriere
from correre [to run]
源自 correre [跑]
from Latin currere * see kers-
源自 拉丁语 currere *参见 kers-
```
48
Etymonline
incur
incur (v.)
early 15c., from Anglo-Fr. encurir, M.Fr. encourir, from L. incurrere "run into or against, rush at, make an attack;" figuratively, "to befall, happen, occur to," from in- "upon" (see in- (2)) + currere "to run" (see current). Related: Incurred; incurring.
韦氏大学
in·cur
\in-ˈkər\ transitive verb
(in·curred ; in·cur·ring)
Etymology: Middle English incurren, from Latin incurrere, literally, to run into, from in- + currere to run — more at car
Date: 15th century
: to become liable or subject to : bring down upon oneself
```
美国传统词典英汉
in.cur
AHD:[ĭn-kûrʹ]
D.J.[ɪnˈkɜː]
K.K.[ɪnˈkɝ]
v.tr.（及物动词）
in.curred, in.cur.ring, in.curs
To acquire or come into (something usually undesirable); sustain:
获得，得到：获得或得到（通常为不受欢迎的事）；承受：
incurred substantial losses during the stock market crash.
在股票市场剧跌时蒙受了巨大的物质损失
To become liable or subject to as a result of one's actions; bring upon oneself:
招惹：负有责任的或由某人行动引起的；给自己惹起：
incur the anger of a friend.
惹起一个朋友的愤怒
```
```
语源
Middle English incurren
中古英语 incurren
from Old French encorir
源自 古法语 encorir
from Latin incurrere [to run upon]
源自 拉丁语 incurrere [碰上，撞上]
in- [on] * see in- 2
in- [在…上] *参见 in-2
currere [to run] * see kers-
currere [跑] *参见 kers-
```
Etymonline
incur
incur (v.)
early 15c., from Anglo-Fr. encurir, M.Fr. encourir, from L. incurrere "run into or against, rush at, make an attack;" figuratively, "to befall, happen, occur to," from in- "upon" (see in- (2)) + currere "to run" (see current). Related: Incurred; incurring.
韦氏大学
in·cur
\in-ˈkər\ transitive verb
(in·curred ; in·cur·ring)
Etymology: Middle English incurren, from Latin incurrere, literally, to run into, from in- + currere to run — more at car
Date: 15th century
: to become liable or subject to : bring down upon oneself
```
美国传统词典英汉
in.cur
AHD:[ĭn-kûrʹ]
D.J.[ɪnˈkɜː]
K.K.[ɪnˈkɝ]
v.tr.（及物动词）
in.curred, in.cur.ring, in.curs
To acquire or come into (something usually undesirable); sustain:
获得，得到：获得或得到（通常为不受欢迎的事）；承受：
incurred substantial losses during the stock market crash.
在股票市场剧跌时蒙受了巨大的物质损失
To become liable or subject to as a result of one's actions; bring upon oneself:
招惹：负有责任的或由某人行动引起的；给自己惹起：
incur the anger of a friend.
惹起一个朋友的愤怒
```
```
语源
Middle English incurren
中古英语 incurren
from Old French encorir
源自 古法语 encorir
from Latin incurrere [to run upon]
源自 拉丁语 incurrere [碰上，撞上]
in- [on] * see in- 2
in- [在…上] *参见 in-2
currere [to run] * see kers-
currere [跑] *参见 kers-
```
49
concur (v.)
early 15c., "collide, clash in hostility," from L. concurrere "to run together, assemble hurriedly; clash, fight," in transferred use, "to happen at the same time," from com- "together" (see com-) + currere "to run" (see current). Sense of "to coincide, happen at the same time" is 1590s; that of "to agree in opinion" is 1580s in English.
韦氏大学
con·cur
\kən-ˈkər, kän-\ intransitive verb
(con·curred ; con·cur·ring)
Etymology: Middle English concurren, from Latin concurrere, from com- + currere to run — more at car
Date: 15th century
1. : to act together to a common end or single effect
2.
a. : approve
b. : to express agreement
3. obsolete : to come together : meet
4. : to happen together : coincide
Synonyms: see agree
美国传统词典英汉
con.cur
AHD:[kən-kûrʹ]
D.J.[kənˈkɜː]
K.K.[kənˈkɝ]
v.intr.（不及物动词）
con.curred, con.cur.ring, con.curs
To be of the same opinion; agree.See Synonyms at assent
同意：有同样的观点；同意参见 assent
To act together; cooperate.
合作：共同行动；合作
To occur at the same time; coincide.
同时发生；巧合
Obsolete To converge; meet.
【废语】 会合；遇见
```
语源
Middle English concurren
中古英语 concurren
from Latin concurrere [to meet, coincide]
源自 拉丁语 concurrere [遇见，巧合]
com- [com-]
com- [前缀，表“同”]
currere [to run] * see kers-
currere [跑] *参见 kers-
```
concur (v.)
early 15c., "collide, clash in hostility," from L. concurrere "to run together, assemble hurriedly; clash, fight," in transferred use, "to happen at the same time," from com- "together" (see com-) + currere "to run" (see current). Sense of "to coincide, happen at the same time" is 1590s; that of "to agree in opinion" is 1580s in English.
韦氏大学
con·cur
\kən-ˈkər, kän-\ intransitive verb
(con·curred ; con·cur·ring)
Etymology: Middle English concurren, from Latin concurrere, from com- + currere to run — more at car
Date: 15th century
1. : to act together to a common end or single effect
2.
a. : approve
b. : to express agreement
3. obsolete : to come together : meet
4. : to happen together : coincide
Synonyms: see agree
美国传统词典英汉
con.cur
AHD:[kən-kûrʹ]
D.J.[kənˈkɜː]
K.K.[kənˈkɝ]
v.intr.（不及物动词）
con.curred, con.cur.ring, con.curs
To be of the same opinion; agree.See Synonyms at assent
同意：有同样的观点；同意参见 assent
To act together; cooperate.
合作：共同行动；合作
To occur at the same time; coincide.
同时发生；巧合
Obsolete To converge; meet.
【废语】 会合；遇见
```
语源
Middle English concurren
中古英语 concurren
from Latin concurrere [to meet, coincide]
源自 拉丁语 concurrere [遇见，巧合]
com- [com-]
com- [前缀，表“同”]
currere [to run] * see kers-
currere [跑] *参见 kers-
```
50
```
Etymonline
regress
regress (v.)
"to move backward," 1823, from regress (n.). The psychological sense of "to return to an earlier stage of life" is attested from 1926. Related: Regressed; regressing.
Etymonline
regress
regress (n.)
late 14c. (n.), "act of going back," from L. regressus "a return," from regress-, pp. stem of regredi "to go back," from re- "back" (see re-) + gradi "to step, walk" (see grade (n.)).
韦氏大学
re·gress
I. \ˈrē-ˌgres\ noun
Etymology: Middle English regresse, from Anglo-French, from Latin regressus, from regredi to go back, from re- + gradi to go — more at grade
Date: 14th century
1.
a. : an act or the privilege of going or coming back
b. : reentry 1
2. : movement backward to a previous and especially worse or more primitive state or condition
3. : the act of reasoning backward
II. \ri-ˈgres\
Date: 1552
intransitive verb
1.
a. : to make or undergo regress : retrograde
b. : to be subject to or exhibit regression
2. : to tend to approach or revert to a mean
transitive verb
: to induce a state of psychological regression in
• re·gres·sor \-ˈgre-sər\ noun
美国传统词典英汉
re.gress
AHD:[rĭ-grĕsʹ]
D.J.[rɪˈgres]
K.K.[rɪˈgrɛs]
v.（动词）
re.gressed, re.gress.ing, re.gress.es
v.intr.（不及物动词）
To go back; move backward.
退回；回归
To return to a previous, usually worse or less developed state.
退回到以前的，通常是更差的或较不发达的状态
To have a tendency to approach or go back to a statistical mean.
退步：接近或退回到一个统计方式的
v.tr.Psychology （及物动词）【心理学】
To induce a state of regression in.
引发退步的状态
n.（名词）
AHD:[rēʹgrĕs']
The act of going or coming back; return.
回归的动作；回归
Passage back; reentry.
退路；再次进入
The act of reasoning backward from an effect to a cause.
逆向思维：从结果到原因的推理的动作
```
```
语源
Latin regredī regress-
拉丁语 regredī regress-
re- [re-]
re- [前缀re-]
gradī [to go] * see ghredh-
gradī [走] *参见 ghredh-
```
继承用法
regresʹsor n.（名词）
```
Etymonline
regress
regress (v.)
"to move backward," 1823, from regress (n.). The psychological sense of "to return to an earlier stage of life" is attested from 1926. Related: Regressed; regressing.
Etymonline
regress
regress (n.)
late 14c. (n.), "act of going back," from L. regressus "a return," from regress-, pp. stem of regredi "to go back," from re- "back" (see re-) + gradi "to step, walk" (see grade (n.)).
韦氏大学
re·gress
I. \ˈrē-ˌgres\ noun
Etymology: Middle English regresse, from Anglo-French, from Latin regressus, from regredi to go back, from re- + gradi to go — more at grade
Date: 14th century
1.
a. : an act or the privilege of going or coming back
b. : reentry 1
2. : movement backward to a previous and especially worse or more primitive state or condition
3. : the act of reasoning backward
II. \ri-ˈgres\
Date: 1552
intransitive verb
1.
a. : to make or undergo regress : retrograde
b. : to be subject to or exhibit regression
2. : to tend to approach or revert to a mean
transitive verb
: to induce a state of psychological regression in
• re·gres·sor \-ˈgre-sər\ noun
美国传统词典英汉
re.gress
AHD:[rĭ-grĕsʹ]
D.J.[rɪˈgres]
K.K.[rɪˈgrɛs]
v.（动词）
re.gressed, re.gress.ing, re.gress.es
v.intr.（不及物动词）
To go back; move backward.
退回；回归
To return to a previous, usually worse or less developed state.
退回到以前的，通常是更差的或较不发达的状态
To have a tendency to approach or go back to a statistical mean.
退步：接近或退回到一个统计方式的
v.tr.Psychology （及物动词）【心理学】
To induce a state of regression in.
引发退步的状态
n.（名词）
AHD:[rēʹgrĕs']
The act of going or coming back; return.
回归的动作；回归
Passage back; reentry.
退路；再次进入
The act of reasoning backward from an effect to a cause.
逆向思维：从结果到原因的推理的动作
```
```
语源
Latin regredī regress-
拉丁语 regredī regress-
re- [re-]
re- [前缀re-]
gradī [to go] * see ghredh-
gradī [走] *参见 ghredh-
```
继承用法
regresʹsor n.（名词）
51
```
Etymonline
digress
digress (v.)
1520s, from L. digressus, pp. of digredi "to go aside, depart" (see digression), or perhaps a back formation from digression. Related: Digressed; digressing.
韦氏大学
di·gress
\dī-ˈgres, də-\ intransitive verb
Etymology: Latin digressus, past participle of digredi, from dis- + gradi to step — more at grade
Date: 1529
: to turn aside especially from the main subject of attention or course of argument
Synonyms: see swerve
美国传统词典英汉
di.gress
AHD:[dī-grĕsʹ, dĭ-]
D.J.[daɪˈgres, dɪ-]
K.K.[daɪˈgrɛs, dɪ-]
v.intr.（不及物动词）
di.gressed, di.gress.ing, di.gress.es
To turn aside, especially from the main subject in writing or speaking; stray.See Synonyms at swerve
离开主题：远离，特别是指脱离写作或演说主题；跑题参见 swerve
```
```
语源
Latin dīgredī dīgress-
拉丁语 dīgredī dīgress-
dī-, dis- [apart] * see dis-
dī-, dis- [脱离] *参见 dis-
gradī [to go] * see ghredh-
gradī [进行] *参见 ghredh-
```
```
Etymonline
digress
digress (v.)
1520s, from L. digressus, pp. of digredi "to go aside, depart" (see digression), or perhaps a back formation from digression. Related: Digressed; digressing.
韦氏大学
di·gress
\dī-ˈgres, də-\ intransitive verb
Etymology: Latin digressus, past participle of digredi, from dis- + gradi to step — more at grade
Date: 1529
: to turn aside especially from the main subject of attention or course of argument
Synonyms: see swerve
美国传统词典英汉
di.gress
AHD:[dī-grĕsʹ, dĭ-]
D.J.[daɪˈgres, dɪ-]
K.K.[daɪˈgrɛs, dɪ-]
v.intr.（不及物动词）
di.gressed, di.gress.ing, di.gress.es
To turn aside, especially from the main subject in writing or speaking; stray.See Synonyms at swerve
离开主题：远离，特别是指脱离写作或演说主题；跑题参见 swerve
```
```
语源
Latin dīgredī dīgress-
拉丁语 dīgredī dīgress-
dī-, dis- [apart] * see dis-
dī-, dis- [脱离] *参见 dis-
gradī [to go] * see ghredh-
gradī [进行] *参见 ghredh-
```
52
extravaganza
extravaganza (n.)
1754, with reference to peculiar behavior, 1794 of a fantastic type of performance or writing, from It. extravaganza, lit. "an extravagance," from estravagante, from M.L. extravagantem (see extravagant).
韦氏大学
ex·trav·a·gan·za
\ik-ˌstra-və-ˈgan-zə\ noun
Etymology: Italian estravaganza, literally, extravagance, from estravagante extravagant, from Medieval Latin extravagant-, extravagans
Date: 1754
1. : a literary or musical work marked by extreme freedom of style and structure and usually by elements of burlesque or parody
2. : a lavish or spectacular show or event
3. : something extravagant
美国传统词典英汉
ex.trav.a.gan.za
AHD:[ĭk-străv'ə-gănʹzə]
D.J.[ɪkˌstrævəˈgænzə]
K.K.[ɪkˌstrævəˈgænzə]
n.（名词）
An elaborate, spectacular entertainment or display:
豪华的演出：铺张、华丽的娱乐或展出：
“Washington is an extravaganza of great buildings, greenery, and monuments”(Larry Griffin)
“华盛顿是一个雄伟建筑、绿树和纪念碑荟萃的地方”(拉里·格里芬)
Music A light orchestral composition marked by freedom and diversity of form, often with burlesque elements.
【音乐】 狂曲：一种轻管弦乐谱，以自由和形式的多样为标志，常含有滑稽或讽刺的因素
语源
Italian estravaganza [extravagance]
意大利语 estravaganza [铺张]
from estravagante [extravagant]
源自 estravagante [浪费的]
from Medieval Latin extrāvagāns extrāvagant- [present participle of] extrāvagārī [to wander] * see extravagant
源自 中世纪拉丁语 extrāvagāns extrāvagant- [] extrāvagārī的现在分词 [漫游] *参见 extravagant
extravaganza
extravaganza (n.)
1754, with reference to peculiar behavior, 1794 of a fantastic type of performance or writing, from It. extravaganza, lit. "an extravagance," from estravagante, from M.L. extravagantem (see extravagant).
韦氏大学
ex·trav·a·gan·za
\ik-ˌstra-və-ˈgan-zə\ noun
Etymology: Italian estravaganza, literally, extravagance, from estravagante extravagant, from Medieval Latin extravagant-, extravagans
Date: 1754
1. : a literary or musical work marked by extreme freedom of style and structure and usually by elements of burlesque or parody
2. : a lavish or spectacular show or event
3. : something extravagant
美国传统词典英汉
ex.trav.a.gan.za
AHD:[ĭk-străv'ə-gănʹzə]
D.J.[ɪkˌstrævəˈgænzə]
K.K.[ɪkˌstrævəˈgænzə]
n.（名词）
An elaborate, spectacular entertainment or display:
豪华的演出：铺张、华丽的娱乐或展出：
“Washington is an extravaganza of great buildings, greenery, and monuments”(Larry Griffin)
“华盛顿是一个雄伟建筑、绿树和纪念碑荟萃的地方”(拉里·格里芬)
Music A light orchestral composition marked by freedom and diversity of form, often with burlesque elements.
【音乐】 狂曲：一种轻管弦乐谱，以自由和形式的多样为标志，常含有滑稽或讽刺的因素
语源
Italian estravaganza [extravagance]
意大利语 estravaganza [铺张]
from estravagante [extravagant]
源自 estravagante [浪费的]
from Medieval Latin extrāvagāns extrāvagant- [present participle of] extrāvagārī [to wander] * see extravagant
源自 中世纪拉丁语 extrāvagāns extrāvagant- [] extrāvagārī的现在分词 [漫游] *参见 extravagant
53
```
vagary
vagary (n.)
1570s, "a wandering, a roaming journey," probably from L. vagari "to wander, roam, be unsettled, spread abroad," from vagus "roving, wandering" (see vague). Current meaning of "eccentric notion or conduct" (1620s) is from notion of mental wandering. Related: Vagaries.
韦氏大学
va·ga·ry
\ˈvā-gə-rē; və-ˈger-ē, vā-; also ˈva-gə-rē\ noun
(plural -ries)
Etymology: probably from Latin vagari to wander, from vagus wandering
Date: 1579
: an erratic, unpredictable, or extravagant manifestation, action, or notion
Synonyms: see caprice
美国传统词典英汉
va.ga.ry
AHD:[vāʹgə-rē, və-gârʹē]
D.J.[ˈveɪgəriː, vəˈgeəriː]
K.K.[ˈvegəri, vəˈgɛri]
n.（名词）
【复数】 va.ga.ries
An extravagant or erratic notion or action.See Synonyms at caprice
奇想或异常行为：过度的或异常的思想或行为参见 caprice
```
```
语源
From Latin vagārī [to wander]
源自 拉丁语 vagārī [混乱]
from vagus [wandering]
源自 vagus [精神恍惚]
```
```
vagary
vagary (n.)
1570s, "a wandering, a roaming journey," probably from L. vagari "to wander, roam, be unsettled, spread abroad," from vagus "roving, wandering" (see vague). Current meaning of "eccentric notion or conduct" (1620s) is from notion of mental wandering. Related: Vagaries.
韦氏大学
va·ga·ry
\ˈvā-gə-rē; və-ˈger-ē, vā-; also ˈva-gə-rē\ noun
(plural -ries)
Etymology: probably from Latin vagari to wander, from vagus wandering
Date: 1579
: an erratic, unpredictable, or extravagant manifestation, action, or notion
Synonyms: see caprice
美国传统词典英汉
va.ga.ry
AHD:[vāʹgə-rē, və-gârʹē]
D.J.[ˈveɪgəriː, vəˈgeəriː]
K.K.[ˈvegəri, vəˈgɛri]
n.（名词）
【复数】 va.ga.ries
An extravagant or erratic notion or action.See Synonyms at caprice
奇想或异常行为：过度的或异常的思想或行为参见 caprice
```
```
语源
From Latin vagārī [to wander]
源自 拉丁语 vagārī [混乱]
from vagus [wandering]
源自 vagus [精神恍惚]
```
54
Etymonline
wade
wade (v.)
O.E. wadan "to go forward, proceed," in poetic use only, except as oferwaden "wade across," from P.Gmc. *wadan (cf. O.N. vaða, Dan. vade, O.Fris. wada, Du. waden, O.H.G. watan, Ger. waten "to wade"), from PIE root *wadh- "to go," found only in Germanic and Latin (cf. L. vadere "to go," vadum "shoal, ford," vadare "to wade"). Italian guado, Fr. gué "ford" are Germanic loan-words.
Specifically of walking into water from c.1200. Originally a strong verb (p.t. wod, pp. wad); weak since 16c. Figurative sense of "to go into" (action, battle, etc.) is recorded from late 14c. Related: Waded; wading.
韦氏大学
wade
I. \ˈwād\ verb
(wad·ed ; wad·ing)
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English wadan; akin to Old High German watan to go, wade, Latin vadere to go
Date: 13th century
intransitive verb
1. : to step in or through a medium (as water) offering more resistance than air
2. : to move or proceed with difficulty or labor
3. : to set to work or attack with determination or vigor — used with in or into
```
transitive verb
: to pass or cross by wading
• wad·able or wade·able \ˈwā-də-bəl\ adjective
II. noun
Date: 1665
: an act of wading
美国传统词典英汉
wade
AHD:[wād]
D.J.[weɪd]
K.K.[wed]
v.（动词）
wad.ed, wad.ing, wades
v.intr.（不及物动词）
To walk in or through water or something else that similarly impedes normal movement.
涉水：走进或趟过水或其它同样阻碍正常运动的东西
To make one's way arduously:
艰难地行进：
waded through a boring report.
不耐烦地听一个枯燥的报告
v.tr.（及物动词）
To cross or pass through (water, for example) with difficulty:
跋涉：艰难地穿过或通过（如水）：
wade a swift creek.
涉过险要的山涧
n.（名词）
The act or an instance of wading.
跋涉：涉水或艰难行走的动作或行为
```
```
常用词组
wade in 或 wade into
To plunge into, begin, or attack resolutely and energetically:
精力充沛地做：决然并充满精力地投入、开始或攻击：
waded into the task.
投入到工作中
```
```
语源
Middle English waden
中古英语 waden
from Old English wadan
源自 古英语 wadan
```
Etymonline
wade
wade (v.)
O.E. wadan "to go forward, proceed," in poetic use only, except as oferwaden "wade across," from P.Gmc. *wadan (cf. O.N. vaða, Dan. vade, O.Fris. wada, Du. waden, O.H.G. watan, Ger. waten "to wade"), from PIE root *wadh- "to go," found only in Germanic and Latin (cf. L. vadere "to go," vadum "shoal, ford," vadare "to wade"). Italian guado, Fr. gué "ford" are Germanic loan-words.
Specifically of walking into water from c.1200. Originally a strong verb (p.t. wod, pp. wad); weak since 16c. Figurative sense of "to go into" (action, battle, etc.) is recorded from late 14c. Related: Waded; wading.
韦氏大学
wade
I. \ˈwād\ verb
(wad·ed ; wad·ing)
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English wadan; akin to Old High German watan to go, wade, Latin vadere to go
Date: 13th century
intransitive verb
1. : to step in or through a medium (as water) offering more resistance than air
2. : to move or proceed with difficulty or labor
3. : to set to work or attack with determination or vigor — used with in or into
```
transitive verb
: to pass or cross by wading
• wad·able or wade·able \ˈwā-də-bəl\ adjective
II. noun
Date: 1665
: an act of wading
美国传统词典英汉
wade
AHD:[wād]
D.J.[weɪd]
K.K.[wed]
v.（动词）
wad.ed, wad.ing, wades
v.intr.（不及物动词）
To walk in or through water or something else that similarly impedes normal movement.
涉水：走进或趟过水或其它同样阻碍正常运动的东西
To make one's way arduously:
艰难地行进：
waded through a boring report.
不耐烦地听一个枯燥的报告
v.tr.（及物动词）
To cross or pass through (water, for example) with difficulty:
跋涉：艰难地穿过或通过（如水）：
wade a swift creek.
涉过险要的山涧
n.（名词）
The act or an instance of wading.
跋涉：涉水或艰难行走的动作或行为
```
```
常用词组
wade in 或 wade into
To plunge into, begin, or attack resolutely and energetically:
精力充沛地做：决然并充满精力地投入、开始或攻击：
waded into the task.
投入到工作中
```
```
语源
Middle English waden
中古英语 waden
from Old English wadan
源自 古英语 wadan
```
55
```
evasive
evasive (adj.)
1725, from Fr. évasif, from L. evas-, pp. stem of evadere (see evasion). Related: Evasively; evasiveness.
韦氏大学
eva·sive
\i-ˈvā-siv, -ziv, ē-\ adjective
Date: 1637
: tending or intended to evade : equivocal
```
```
• eva·sive·ly adverb
• eva·sive·ness noun
美国传统词典英汉
e.va.sive
AHD:[ĭ-vāʹsĭv]
D.J.[ɪˈveɪsɪv]
K.K.[ɪˈvesɪv]
adj.（形容词）
Inclined or intended to evade:
逃避的：有意想逃避的：
took evasive action.
采取逃避行动
Intentionally vague or ambiguous; equivocal:
含糊其词的：有意含糊其词的；模棱两可的：
an evasive statement.
模棱两可的陈述
```
继承用法
evaʹsively adv.（副词）
evaʹsiveness n.（名词）
```
evasive
evasive (adj.)
1725, from Fr. évasif, from L. evas-, pp. stem of evadere (see evasion). Related: Evasively; evasiveness.
韦氏大学
eva·sive
\i-ˈvā-siv, -ziv, ē-\ adjective
Date: 1637
: tending or intended to evade : equivocal
```
```
• eva·sive·ly adverb
• eva·sive·ness noun
美国传统词典英汉
e.va.sive
AHD:[ĭ-vāʹsĭv]
D.J.[ɪˈveɪsɪv]
K.K.[ɪˈvesɪv]
adj.（形容词）
Inclined or intended to evade:
逃避的：有意想逃避的：
took evasive action.
采取逃避行动
Intentionally vague or ambiguous; equivocal:
含糊其词的：有意含糊其词的；模棱两可的：
an evasive statement.
模棱两可的陈述
```
继承用法
evaʹsively adv.（副词）
evaʹsiveness n.（名词）
56
```
evade (v.)
1510s, "escape," from M.Fr. evader, from L. evadere "to escape, get away," from ex- "away" (see ex-) + vadere "to go, walk" (see vamoose). Related: Evaded; evading. Special sense of "escape by trickery" is from 1530s.
韦氏大学
evade
\i-ˈvād, ē-\ verb
(evad·ed ; evad·ing)
Etymology: Middle French & Latin; Middle French evader, from Latin evadere, from e- + vadere to go, walk — more at wade
Date: 1513
intransitive verb
1. : to slip away
2. : to take refuge in escape or avoidance
transitive verb
1. : to elude by dexterity or stratagem
2.
a. : to avoid facing up to
```
b. : to avoid the performance of : dodge, circumvent; especially : to fail to pay (taxes)
c. : to avoid answering directly : turn aside
3. : to be elusive to : baffle
```
Synonyms: see escape
• evad·able \-ˈvā-də-bəl\ adjective
• evad·er noun
美国传统词典英汉
e.vade
AHD:[ĭ-vādʹ]
D.J.[ɪˈveɪd]
K.K.[ɪˈved]
v.（动词）
e.vad.ed, e.vad.ing, e.vades
v.tr.（及物动词）
To escape or avoid by cleverness or deceit:
躲避：通过机智或欺骗逃脱：
evade arrest.
逃避追捕
To avoid fulfilling, answering, or performing:
规避：避免完成、回答或履行：
evade responsibility.See Synonyms at escape
回避责任参见 escape
To fail to make payment of (taxes).
逃税：逃避支付（税收等）
To avoid giving a direct answer to.
回避：避免做直接回答
To baffle or elude:
使为难：使迷惑或难以理解：
The accident evades explanation.
这场事故的发生使人大惑不解
v.intr.（不及物动词）
To practice evasion.
逃脱，溜走
To use cleverness or deceit in avoiding or escaping.
逃避，逃脱：用聪明的方法或欺骗避免或逃脱
```
```
语源
French évader
法语 évader
from Latin ēvādere
源自 拉丁语 ēvādere
ē-, ex- [ex-]
ē-, ex- [向外]
vādere [to go]
vādere [走]
```
继承用法
evadʹable 或 evadʹible adj.（形容词）
evadʹer n.（名词）
```
evade (v.)
1510s, "escape," from M.Fr. evader, from L. evadere "to escape, get away," from ex- "away" (see ex-) + vadere "to go, walk" (see vamoose). Related: Evaded; evading. Special sense of "escape by trickery" is from 1530s.
韦氏大学
evade
\i-ˈvād, ē-\ verb
(evad·ed ; evad·ing)
Etymology: Middle French & Latin; Middle French evader, from Latin evadere, from e- + vadere to go, walk — more at wade
Date: 1513
intransitive verb
1. : to slip away
2. : to take refuge in escape or avoidance
transitive verb
1. : to elude by dexterity or stratagem
2.
a. : to avoid facing up to
```
b. : to avoid the performance of : dodge, circumvent; especially : to fail to pay (taxes)
c. : to avoid answering directly : turn aside
3. : to be elusive to : baffle
```
Synonyms: see escape
• evad·able \-ˈvā-də-bəl\ adjective
• evad·er noun
美国传统词典英汉
e.vade
AHD:[ĭ-vādʹ]
D.J.[ɪˈveɪd]
K.K.[ɪˈved]
v.（动词）
e.vad.ed, e.vad.ing, e.vades
v.tr.（及物动词）
To escape or avoid by cleverness or deceit:
躲避：通过机智或欺骗逃脱：
evade arrest.
逃避追捕
To avoid fulfilling, answering, or performing:
规避：避免完成、回答或履行：
evade responsibility.See Synonyms at escape
回避责任参见 escape
To fail to make payment of (taxes).
逃税：逃避支付（税收等）
To avoid giving a direct answer to.
回避：避免做直接回答
To baffle or elude:
使为难：使迷惑或难以理解：
The accident evades explanation.
这场事故的发生使人大惑不解
v.intr.（不及物动词）
To practice evasion.
逃脱，溜走
To use cleverness or deceit in avoiding or escaping.
逃避，逃脱：用聪明的方法或欺骗避免或逃脱
```
```
语源
French évader
法语 évader
from Latin ēvādere
源自 拉丁语 ēvādere
ē-, ex- [ex-]
ē-, ex- [向外]
vādere [to go]
vādere [走]
```
继承用法
evadʹable 或 evadʹible adj.（形容词）
evadʹer n.（名词）
57
Etymonline
meander
meander (v.)
"flow in a winding course" (of rivers), 1610s, from meander (n.). Of a person, "to wander aimlessly" (1831), originally of persons traveling on a river (1821), perhaps influenced by confusion with maunder [OED]. Related: Meandered; meandering.
Etymonline
meander
meander (n.)
1570s, "confusion, intricacies," from L. meander "a winding course," from Gk. Maiandros, name of a river in Caria noted for its winding course (the Greeks used the name figuratively for winding patterns). In reference to river courses, in English, from 1590s. Adjectival forms are meandrine (1846); meandrous (1650s).
韦氏大学
me·an·der
I. \mē-ˈan-dər\ noun
Etymology: Latin maeander, from Greek maiandros, from Maiandros (now Menderes), river in Asia Minor
Date: 1576
1. : a winding path or course; especially : labyrinth
2. : a turn or winding of a stream
• me·an·drous \-drəs\ adjective
II. intransitive verb
(-dered ; me·an·der·ing \-d(ə-)riŋ\)
Date: circa 1612
1. : to follow a winding or intricate course
2. : to wander aimlessly or casually without urgent destination : ramble
Synonyms: see wander
美国传统词典英汉
me.an.der
AHD:[mē-ănʹdər]
D.J.[miːˈændə]
K.K.[miˈændɚ]
v.intr.（不及物动词）
me.an.dered, me.an.der.ing, me.an.ders
To follow a winding and turning course:
蜿蜒而流：沿一蜿蜒且曲折的路线而行：
Streams tend to meander through level land.
河流流经平地时有蜿蜒曲折的倾向
To move aimlessly and idly without fixed direction:
漫游，闲逛：无目的地和无固定方向地走动：
vagabonds meandering through life.See Synonyms at wander
流浪者一生飘泊无定参见 wander
n.（名词）
meanders Circuitous windings or sinuosities, as of a stream or path.
meanders 曲流：河流道路的迂回处或弯曲
Often meanders A circuitous journey or excursion; ramble.
常作 meanders 漫步，闲逛：迂回的行程或旅行；漫步
The Greek fret or key pattern, used in art and architecture.
桥，柱：希腊的回纹装饰和拱顶石装饰，用于艺术和建筑
```
语源
From Latin maeander [circuitous windings]
源自 拉丁语 maeander [迂回曲折]
from Greek maiandros
源自 希腊语 maiandros
after the Maeander River in Phrygia
源自佛利几亚 Maeander河
```
继承用法
meanʹderer n.（名词）
meanʹderingly adv.（副词）
meanʹdrous AHD:[-drəs] （形容词）
Etymonline
meander
meander (v.)
"flow in a winding course" (of rivers), 1610s, from meander (n.). Of a person, "to wander aimlessly" (1831), originally of persons traveling on a river (1821), perhaps influenced by confusion with maunder [OED]. Related: Meandered; meandering.
Etymonline
meander
meander (n.)
1570s, "confusion, intricacies," from L. meander "a winding course," from Gk. Maiandros, name of a river in Caria noted for its winding course (the Greeks used the name figuratively for winding patterns). In reference to river courses, in English, from 1590s. Adjectival forms are meandrine (1846); meandrous (1650s).
韦氏大学
me·an·der
I. \mē-ˈan-dər\ noun
Etymology: Latin maeander, from Greek maiandros, from Maiandros (now Menderes), river in Asia Minor
Date: 1576
1. : a winding path or course; especially : labyrinth
2. : a turn or winding of a stream
• me·an·drous \-drəs\ adjective
II. intransitive verb
(-dered ; me·an·der·ing \-d(ə-)riŋ\)
Date: circa 1612
1. : to follow a winding or intricate course
2. : to wander aimlessly or casually without urgent destination : ramble
Synonyms: see wander
美国传统词典英汉
me.an.der
AHD:[mē-ănʹdər]
D.J.[miːˈændə]
K.K.[miˈændɚ]
v.intr.（不及物动词）
me.an.dered, me.an.der.ing, me.an.ders
To follow a winding and turning course:
蜿蜒而流：沿一蜿蜒且曲折的路线而行：
Streams tend to meander through level land.
河流流经平地时有蜿蜒曲折的倾向
To move aimlessly and idly without fixed direction:
漫游，闲逛：无目的地和无固定方向地走动：
vagabonds meandering through life.See Synonyms at wander
流浪者一生飘泊无定参见 wander
n.（名词）
meanders Circuitous windings or sinuosities, as of a stream or path.
meanders 曲流：河流道路的迂回处或弯曲
Often meanders A circuitous journey or excursion; ramble.
常作 meanders 漫步，闲逛：迂回的行程或旅行；漫步
The Greek fret or key pattern, used in art and architecture.
桥，柱：希腊的回纹装饰和拱顶石装饰，用于艺术和建筑
```
语源
From Latin maeander [circuitous windings]
源自 拉丁语 maeander [迂回曲折]
from Greek maiandros
源自 希腊语 maiandros
after the Maeander River in Phrygia
源自佛利几亚 Maeander河
```
继承用法
meanʹderer n.（名词）
meanʹderingly adv.（副词）
meanʹdrous AHD:[-drəs] （形容词）
58
```
am·phis·bae·na
\ˌam(p)-fəs-ˈbē-nə\ noun
Etymology: Latin, from Greek amphisbaina, from amphis on both sides (from amphi around) + bainein to walk, go — more at by, come
Date: 14th century
: a serpent in classical mythology having a head at each end and capable of moving in either direction
• am·phis·bae·nic \-nik\ adjective
美国传统词典英汉
am.phis.bae.na
AHD:[ăm'fĭs-bēʹnə]
D.J.[ˌæmfɪsˈbiːnə]
K.K.[ˌæmfɪsˈbinə]
n.Mythology （名词）【神话】
A serpent having a head at each end of its body.
两头蛇，安菲斯毕那：身体两端都有头的蛇
```
```
语源
Middle English amphibena
中古英语 amphibena
from Latin amphisbaena
源自 拉丁语 amphisbaena
from Greek amphisbaina
源自 希腊语 amphisbaina
amphis [both ways] from amphi- [on both sides] * see amphi-
amphis [双向] 源自 amphi- [在两边] *参见 amphi-
bainein [to go] * see g wā-
bainein [走] *参见 g wā-
```
继承用法
am'phisbaeʹnic adj.（形容词）
```
am·phis·bae·na
\ˌam(p)-fəs-ˈbē-nə\ noun
Etymology: Latin, from Greek amphisbaina, from amphis on both sides (from amphi around) + bainein to walk, go — more at by, come
Date: 14th century
: a serpent in classical mythology having a head at each end and capable of moving in either direction
• am·phis·bae·nic \-nik\ adjective
美国传统词典英汉
am.phis.bae.na
AHD:[ăm'fĭs-bēʹnə]
D.J.[ˌæmfɪsˈbiːnə]
K.K.[ˌæmfɪsˈbinə]
n.Mythology （名词）【神话】
A serpent having a head at each end of its body.
两头蛇，安菲斯毕那：身体两端都有头的蛇
```
```
语源
Middle English amphibena
中古英语 amphibena
from Latin amphisbaena
源自 拉丁语 amphisbaena
from Greek amphisbaina
源自 希腊语 amphisbaina
amphis [both ways] from amphi- [on both sides] * see amphi-
amphis [双向] 源自 amphi- [在两边] *参见 amphi-
bainein [to go] * see g wā-
bainein [走] *参见 g wā-
```
继承用法
am'phisbaeʹnic adj.（形容词）
59
adiabatic (adj.)
1838, from Gk. adiabatos "not to be passed through," from a- "not" + dia "through" (see dia-) + batos "passable," from bainein "to go" (see come).
韦氏大学
adi·a·bat·ic
\ˌa-dē-ə-ˈba-tik, ˌā-ˌdī-ə-\ adjective
Etymology: Greek adiabatos impassable, from a- + diabatos passable, from diabainein to go across, from dia- + bainein to go — more at come
Date: 1859
: occurring without loss or gain of heat
```
• adi·a·bat·i·cal·ly \-ti-k(ə-)lē\ adverb
美国传统词典英汉
ad.i.a.bat.ic
AHD:[ăd'ē-ə-bătʹĭk, ā'dī-ə-]
D.J.[ˌædiːəˈbætɪk, ˌeɪdaɪə-]
K.K.[ˌædiəˈbætɪk, ˌedaɪə-]
adj.（形容词）
Of, relating to, or denoting a reversible thermodynamic process executed at constant entropy and occurring without gain or loss of heat.
绝热的：属于，关于或表示在恒定熵状态下完成的可逆热力过程并且无热量之获得或损耗的
```
语源
From Greek adiabatos [impassable]
源自 希腊语 adiabatos [不能通行的]
a- [a-] * see a- 1
a- [前缀，表示某种情况] *参见 a-1
diabatos [passable] dia [dia-] batos [passable] from bainein [to go] * see g wā-
diabatos [可通行的] dia [前缀，表完全的] batos [可通行的] 源自 bainein [去] *参见 g wā-
继承用法
ad'iabatʹically adv.（副词）
adiabatic (adj.)
1838, from Gk. adiabatos "not to be passed through," from a- "not" + dia "through" (see dia-) + batos "passable," from bainein "to go" (see come).
韦氏大学
adi·a·bat·ic
\ˌa-dē-ə-ˈba-tik, ˌā-ˌdī-ə-\ adjective
Etymology: Greek adiabatos impassable, from a- + diabatos passable, from diabainein to go across, from dia- + bainein to go — more at come
Date: 1859
: occurring without loss or gain of heat
```
• adi·a·bat·i·cal·ly \-ti-k(ə-)lē\ adverb
美国传统词典英汉
ad.i.a.bat.ic
AHD:[ăd'ē-ə-bătʹĭk, ā'dī-ə-]
D.J.[ˌædiːəˈbætɪk, ˌeɪdaɪə-]
K.K.[ˌædiəˈbætɪk, ˌedaɪə-]
adj.（形容词）
Of, relating to, or denoting a reversible thermodynamic process executed at constant entropy and occurring without gain or loss of heat.
绝热的：属于，关于或表示在恒定熵状态下完成的可逆热力过程并且无热量之获得或损耗的
```
语源
From Greek adiabatos [impassable]
源自 希腊语 adiabatos [不能通行的]
a- [a-] * see a- 1
a- [前缀，表示某种情况] *参见 a-1
diabatos [passable] dia [dia-] batos [passable] from bainein [to go] * see g wā-
diabatos [可通行的] dia [前缀，表完全的] batos [可通行的] 源自 bainein [去] *参见 g wā-
继承用法
ad'iabatʹically adv.（副词）
60
```
arbitrate (v.)
1580s (arbitrable is recorded from 1530s), "to give an authoritative decision," from L. arbitratus, pp. of arbitrari "be of an opinion, give a decision," from arbiter (see arbiter). Meaning "to act as an arbitrator" is from 1610s. Related: Arbitrated; arbitrating. The earlier verb form was arbitren (early 15c.).
韦氏大学
ar·bi·trate
\ˈär-bə-ˌtrāt\ verb
(-trat·ed ; -trat·ing)
Date: 1592
transitive verb
1. archaic : decide, determine
2. : to act as arbiter upon
3. : to submit or refer for decision to an arbiter
```
```
intransitive verb
: to act as arbiter
• ar·bi·tra·tive \-ˌtrā-tiv\ adjective
美国传统词典英汉
ar.bi.trate
AHD:[ärʹbĭ-trāt']
D.J.[ˈɑːbɪˌtreɪt]
K.K.[ˈɑrbɪˌtret]
v.（动词）
ar.bi.trat.ed, ar.bi.trat.ing, ar.bi.trates
v.tr.（及物动词）
To judge or decide in or as in the manner of an arbitrator:
进行仲裁：以或好象以仲裁人的方式判决或判断：
arbitrate a dispute between neighbors.
仲裁邻居间的争论
To submit to settlement or judgment by arbitration:
遵从仲裁的决议或判决：
Management and labor agreed to arbitrate their remaining differences.
资方与劳工同意仲裁调停他们尚存的分歧
v.intr.（不及物动词）
To serve as an arbitrator or arbiter.
担任仲裁者，担任公断人
To submit a dispute to arbitration.
将争吵诉诸仲裁
```
```
语源
Latin arbitrārī arbitrāt- [to give judgment]
拉丁语 arbitrārī arbitrāt- [给出判决]
from arbiter arbitr- [arbiter]
源自 arbiter arbitr- [仲裁者]
```
```
arbitrate (v.)
1580s (arbitrable is recorded from 1530s), "to give an authoritative decision," from L. arbitratus, pp. of arbitrari "be of an opinion, give a decision," from arbiter (see arbiter). Meaning "to act as an arbitrator" is from 1610s. Related: Arbitrated; arbitrating. The earlier verb form was arbitren (early 15c.).
韦氏大学
ar·bi·trate
\ˈär-bə-ˌtrāt\ verb
(-trat·ed ; -trat·ing)
Date: 1592
transitive verb
1. archaic : decide, determine
2. : to act as arbiter upon
3. : to submit or refer for decision to an arbiter
```
```
intransitive verb
: to act as arbiter
• ar·bi·tra·tive \-ˌtrā-tiv\ adjective
美国传统词典英汉
ar.bi.trate
AHD:[ärʹbĭ-trāt']
D.J.[ˈɑːbɪˌtreɪt]
K.K.[ˈɑrbɪˌtret]
v.（动词）
ar.bi.trat.ed, ar.bi.trat.ing, ar.bi.trates
v.tr.（及物动词）
To judge or decide in or as in the manner of an arbitrator:
进行仲裁：以或好象以仲裁人的方式判决或判断：
arbitrate a dispute between neighbors.
仲裁邻居间的争论
To submit to settlement or judgment by arbitration:
遵从仲裁的决议或判决：
Management and labor agreed to arbitrate their remaining differences.
资方与劳工同意仲裁调停他们尚存的分歧
v.intr.（不及物动词）
To serve as an arbitrator or arbiter.
担任仲裁者，担任公断人
To submit a dispute to arbitration.
将争吵诉诸仲裁
```
```
语源
Latin arbitrārī arbitrāt- [to give judgment]
拉丁语 arbitrārī arbitrāt- [给出判决]
from arbiter arbitr- [arbiter]
源自 arbiter arbitr- [仲裁者]
```
61
```
kat·a·bat·ic
\ˌka-tə-ˈba-tik\ adjective
Etymology: Greek katabatos descending, verbal of katabainein to go down, from kata- cata- + bainein to go — more at come
Date: 1918
: relating to or being a wind produced by the flow of cold dense air down a slope (as of a mountain or glacier) in an area subject to radiational cooling
美国传统词典英汉
kat.a.bat.ic
AHD:[kăt'ə-bătʹĭk]
D.J.[ˌkætəˈbætɪk]
K.K.[ˌkætəˈbætɪk]
adj.（形容词）
Of or relating to a cold flow of air traveling downward:
顺斜坡吹下的：向下吹的冷风，与下吹冷风有关的：
a katabatic wind.
下降风
```
```
语源
Greek katabatikos [pertaining to descent]
希腊语 katabatikos [与下坡有关的]
from katabatos [descending]
源自 katabatos [下降，下坡]
kata- [cata-]
kata- [下，向下]
batos [going] * see g wā-
batos [去] *参见 g wā-
```
```
kat·a·bat·ic
\ˌka-tə-ˈba-tik\ adjective
Etymology: Greek katabatos descending, verbal of katabainein to go down, from kata- cata- + bainein to go — more at come
Date: 1918
: relating to or being a wind produced by the flow of cold dense air down a slope (as of a mountain or glacier) in an area subject to radiational cooling
美国传统词典英汉
kat.a.bat.ic
AHD:[kăt'ə-bătʹĭk]
D.J.[ˌkætəˈbætɪk]
K.K.[ˌkætəˈbætɪk]
adj.（形容词）
Of or relating to a cold flow of air traveling downward:
顺斜坡吹下的：向下吹的冷风，与下吹冷风有关的：
a katabatic wind.
下降风
```
```
语源
Greek katabatikos [pertaining to descent]
希腊语 katabatikos [与下坡有关的]
from katabatos [descending]
源自 katabatos [下降，下坡]
kata- [cata-]
kata- [下，向下]
batos [going] * see g wā-
batos [去] *参见 g wā-
```
62
1560s, from de- "down" + base (adj.) "low," on analogy of abase (or, alternatively, from obsolete verb base "to abuse").
韦氏大学
de·base
\di-ˈbās, dē-\ transitive verb
Date: 1565
1. : to lower in status, esteem, quality, or character
2.
a. : to reduce the intrinsic value of (a coin) by increasing the base-metal content
b. : to reduce the exchange value of (a monetary unit)
• de·base·ment \-ˈbās-mənt\ noun
• de·bas·er \-ˈbā-sər\ noun
Synonyms:
debase, vitiate, deprave, corrupt, debauch, pervert mean to cause deterioration or lowering in quality or character. debase implies a loss of position, worth, value, or dignity
vitiate implies a destruction of purity, validity, or effectiveness by allowing entrance of a fault or defect
deprave implies moral deterioration by evil thoughts or influences
corrupt implies loss of soundness, purity, or integrity
debauch implies a debasing through sensual indulgence
pervert implies a twisting or distorting from what is natural or normal
```
美国传统词典英汉
de.base
AHD:[dĭ-bāsʹ]
D.J.[dɪˈbeɪs]
K.K.[dɪˈbes]
v.tr.（及物动词）
de.based, de.bas.ing, de.bas.es
To lower in character, quality, or value; degrade.See Synonyms at adulterate See Synonyms at corrupt See Synonyms at degrade
降低…的特性、品质或价值；降低参见 adulterate参见 corrupt参见 degrade
```
```
语源
de-
de-
base 2
base2
```
继承用法
debaseʹment n.（名词）
debasʹer n.（名词）
1560s, from de- "down" + base (adj.) "low," on analogy of abase (or, alternatively, from obsolete verb base "to abuse").
韦氏大学
de·base
\di-ˈbās, dē-\ transitive verb
Date: 1565
1. : to lower in status, esteem, quality, or character
2.
a. : to reduce the intrinsic value of (a coin) by increasing the base-metal content
b. : to reduce the exchange value of (a monetary unit)
• de·base·ment \-ˈbās-mənt\ noun
• de·bas·er \-ˈbā-sər\ noun
Synonyms:
debase, vitiate, deprave, corrupt, debauch, pervert mean to cause deterioration or lowering in quality or character. debase implies a loss of position, worth, value, or dignity
vitiate implies a destruction of purity, validity, or effectiveness by allowing entrance of a fault or defect
deprave implies moral deterioration by evil thoughts or influences
corrupt implies loss of soundness, purity, or integrity
debauch implies a debasing through sensual indulgence
pervert implies a twisting or distorting from what is natural or normal
```
美国传统词典英汉
de.base
AHD:[dĭ-bāsʹ]
D.J.[dɪˈbeɪs]
K.K.[dɪˈbes]
v.tr.（及物动词）
de.based, de.bas.ing, de.bas.es
To lower in character, quality, or value; degrade.See Synonyms at adulterate See Synonyms at corrupt See Synonyms at degrade
降低…的特性、品质或价值；降低参见 adulterate参见 corrupt参见 degrade
```
```
语源
de-
de-
base 2
base2
```
继承用法
debaseʹment n.（名词）
debasʹer n.（名词）
63
```
parvenu
parvenu (n.)
"upstart," 1802, from Fr. parvenu, "said of an obscure person who has made a great fortune" (Littré); noun use of pp. of parvenir "to arrive" (12c.), from L. pervenire "to come up, arrive, attain," from per- "through" (see per (prep.)) + venire "to come" (see venue). As an adjective from 1828.
韦氏大学
par·ve·nu
\ˈpär-və-ˌnü, -ˌnyü\ noun
(plural par·ve·nus \-ˌn(y)üz\)
Etymology: French, from past participle of parvenir to arrive, from Latin pervenire, from per through + venire to come — more at for, come
Date: 1787
: one that has recently or suddenly risen to an unaccustomed position of wealth or power and has not yet gained the prestige, dignity, or manner associated with it
• parvenu adjective
美国传统词典英汉
par.ve.nu
AHD:[pärʹvə-n›ʹ, -ny›ʹ]
D.J.[ˈpɑːvəˌnuː, -ˌnjuː]
K.K.[ˈpɑrvəˌnu, -ˌnju]
n.（名词）
A person who has suddenly risen to a higher social and economic class and has not yet gained social acceptance by others in that class.
暴发户：突然升到一个更高的社会或经济地位但尚未得到该价级的其他人承认的人
```
```
语源
French [from past participle of] parvenir [to arrive]
法语 [] 源自parvenir的过去分词 [到达]
from Latin pervenīre
源自 拉丁语 pervenīre
per [through] * see per 1
per [通过] *参见 per 1
venīre [to come] * see g wā-
venīre [来] *参见 g wā-
```
继承用法
parʹvenu' adj.（形容词）
```
parvenu
parvenu (n.)
"upstart," 1802, from Fr. parvenu, "said of an obscure person who has made a great fortune" (Littré); noun use of pp. of parvenir "to arrive" (12c.), from L. pervenire "to come up, arrive, attain," from per- "through" (see per (prep.)) + venire "to come" (see venue). As an adjective from 1828.
韦氏大学
par·ve·nu
\ˈpär-və-ˌnü, -ˌnyü\ noun
(plural par·ve·nus \-ˌn(y)üz\)
Etymology: French, from past participle of parvenir to arrive, from Latin pervenire, from per through + venire to come — more at for, come
Date: 1787
: one that has recently or suddenly risen to an unaccustomed position of wealth or power and has not yet gained the prestige, dignity, or manner associated with it
• parvenu adjective
美国传统词典英汉
par.ve.nu
AHD:[pärʹvə-n›ʹ, -ny›ʹ]
D.J.[ˈpɑːvəˌnuː, -ˌnjuː]
K.K.[ˈpɑrvəˌnu, -ˌnju]
n.（名词）
A person who has suddenly risen to a higher social and economic class and has not yet gained social acceptance by others in that class.
暴发户：突然升到一个更高的社会或经济地位但尚未得到该价级的其他人承认的人
```
```
语源
French [from past participle of] parvenir [to arrive]
法语 [] 源自parvenir的过去分词 [到达]
from Latin pervenīre
源自 拉丁语 pervenīre
per [through] * see per 1
per [通过] *参见 per 1
venīre [to come] * see g wā-
venīre [来] *参见 g wā-
```
继承用法
parʹvenu' adj.（形容词）
64
av·e·nue
\ˈa-və-ˌnü, -ˌnyü\ noun
Etymology: Middle French, from feminine of avenu, past participle of avenir to come to, from Latin advenire — more at adventure
Date: 1600
1. : a way of access : route
2. : a channel for pursuing a desired object
3.
a. chiefly British : the principal walk or driveway to a house situated off a main road
b. : a broad passageway bordered by trees
4. : an often broad street or road
美国传统词典英汉
av.e.nue
AHD:[ăvʹə-n›ʹ, -ny›ʹ]
D.J.[ˈævəˌnuː, -ˌnjuː]
K.K.[ˈævəˌnu, -ˌnju]
n.（名词）
Abbr. Ave.,AVE,Av.,ave.,av.A wide street or thoroughfare.
缩写 Ave.,AVE,Av.,ave.,av.通道：宽阔的大街或过道
A broad roadway lined with trees.
林荫道：两边栽有树木的宽阔街道
Chiefly British The drive leading from the main road up to a country house.
【多用于英国】 走道或车道：自宽阔大路向一乡间房舍的通路
A means of access or approach:
途径：得到的手段或方法：
new avenues of trade.
贸易新途径
语源
French
法语
from Old French [arrival] [from feminine past participle of] avenir [to approach]
源自 古法语 [到达] [] 源自avenir的阴性过去分词 [接近]
from Latin advenīre [to come to] * see advent
源自 拉丁语 advenīre [来到] *参见 advent
av·e·nue
\ˈa-və-ˌnü, -ˌnyü\ noun
Etymology: Middle French, from feminine of avenu, past participle of avenir to come to, from Latin advenire — more at adventure
Date: 1600
1. : a way of access : route
2. : a channel for pursuing a desired object
3.
a. chiefly British : the principal walk or driveway to a house situated off a main road
b. : a broad passageway bordered by trees
4. : an often broad street or road
美国传统词典英汉
av.e.nue
AHD:[ăvʹə-n›ʹ, -ny›ʹ]
D.J.[ˈævəˌnuː, -ˌnjuː]
K.K.[ˈævəˌnu, -ˌnju]
n.（名词）
Abbr. Ave.,AVE,Av.,ave.,av.A wide street or thoroughfare.
缩写 Ave.,AVE,Av.,ave.,av.通道：宽阔的大街或过道
A broad roadway lined with trees.
林荫道：两边栽有树木的宽阔街道
Chiefly British The drive leading from the main road up to a country house.
【多用于英国】 走道或车道：自宽阔大路向一乡间房舍的通路
A means of access or approach:
途径：得到的手段或方法：
new avenues of trade.
贸易新途径
语源
French
法语
from Old French [arrival] [from feminine past participle of] avenir [to approach]
源自 古法语 [到达] [] 源自avenir的阴性过去分词 [接近]
from Latin advenīre [to come to] * see advent
源自 拉丁语 advenīre [来到] *参见 advent
65
early 14c., "a coming for the purpose of attack," from O.Fr. venue "coming," from fem. pp. of venir "to come," from L. venire "to come," from PIE root *gwa- "to go, come" (cf. O.E. cuman "to come;" see come). The sense of "place where a case in law is tried" is first recorded 1530s. Extended to locality in general, especially "site of a concert or sporting event" (1857). Change of venue is from Blackstone (1768).
韦氏大学
ven·ue
\ˈven-ˌyü\ noun
Etymology: Anglo-French, alteration (influenced by venue arrival, attendance) of vinné, visné, literally, neighborhood, neighbors, from Vulgar Latin *vicinatus, alteration of Latin vicinitas vicinity
Date: 1531
1.
a. : the place from which a jury is drawn and in which trial is held
b. : the place or county in which take place the alleged events from which a legal action arises
c. : a statement showing that a case is brought to the proper court or authority
2.
a. : locale 1; also : a place where events of a specific type are held
b. : outlet 1c
美国传统词典英汉
ven.ue
AHD:[vĕnʹy›]
D.J.[ˈvenjuː]
K.K.[ˈvɛnju]
n.（名词）
Law
【法律】
The locality where a crime is committed or a cause of action occurs.
犯罪地点，案发地点：犯罪或诉讼理由产生的地点
The locality or political division from which a jury is called and in which a trial is held.
审判地：在其中召集陪审团并进行审判的地点或行政区
The clause within a declaration naming the locality in which a trial will be held.
审判地条款：法律述状中指定举行审判的地点的条款
The clause in an affidavit naming the place where it was sworn to.
宣誓地条款：宣誓书中指明宣誓作证地点的条款
The scene or setting in which something takes place; a locale:
事件发生地点：某事发生的现场或背景；事件发生场所：
“that non-cinematic venue of popular nightmares, the discotheque”(P.J. O'Rourke)
“迪斯科舞厅，那个不适合拍流行的恐怖影片的地方”(P.J.奥鲁尔克)
A place for large gatherings, as a sports stadium.
会场：大型集会的地点，如体育馆
```
语源
Middle English [attack]
中古英语 [攻击]
from Old French [a coming, attack] [from feminine past participle of] venir [to come]
源自 古法语 [临近，攻击] [] 源自venir的阴性过去分词 [来]
from Latin venīre * see g wā-
源自 拉丁语 venīre *参见 g wā-
```
early 14c., "a coming for the purpose of attack," from O.Fr. venue "coming," from fem. pp. of venir "to come," from L. venire "to come," from PIE root *gwa- "to go, come" (cf. O.E. cuman "to come;" see come). The sense of "place where a case in law is tried" is first recorded 1530s. Extended to locality in general, especially "site of a concert or sporting event" (1857). Change of venue is from Blackstone (1768).
韦氏大学
ven·ue
\ˈven-ˌyü\ noun
Etymology: Anglo-French, alteration (influenced by venue arrival, attendance) of vinné, visné, literally, neighborhood, neighbors, from Vulgar Latin *vicinatus, alteration of Latin vicinitas vicinity
Date: 1531
1.
a. : the place from which a jury is drawn and in which trial is held
b. : the place or county in which take place the alleged events from which a legal action arises
c. : a statement showing that a case is brought to the proper court or authority
2.
a. : locale 1; also : a place where events of a specific type are held
b. : outlet 1c
美国传统词典英汉
ven.ue
AHD:[vĕnʹy›]
D.J.[ˈvenjuː]
K.K.[ˈvɛnju]
n.（名词）
Law
【法律】
The locality where a crime is committed or a cause of action occurs.
犯罪地点，案发地点：犯罪或诉讼理由产生的地点
The locality or political division from which a jury is called and in which a trial is held.
审判地：在其中召集陪审团并进行审判的地点或行政区
The clause within a declaration naming the locality in which a trial will be held.
审判地条款：法律述状中指定举行审判的地点的条款
The clause in an affidavit naming the place where it was sworn to.
宣誓地条款：宣誓书中指明宣誓作证地点的条款
The scene or setting in which something takes place; a locale:
事件发生地点：某事发生的现场或背景；事件发生场所：
“that non-cinematic venue of popular nightmares, the discotheque”(P.J. O'Rourke)
“迪斯科舞厅，那个不适合拍流行的恐怖影片的地方”(P.J.奥鲁尔克)
A place for large gatherings, as a sports stadium.
会场：大型集会的地点，如体育馆
```
语源
Middle English [attack]
中古英语 [攻击]
from Old French [a coming, attack] [from feminine past participle of] venir [to come]
源自 古法语 [临近，攻击] [] 源自venir的阴性过去分词 [来]
from Latin venīre * see g wā-
源自 拉丁语 venīre *参见 g wā-
```
66
```
provenance (n.)
1785, from Fr. provenance "origin, production," from provenant, prp. of M.Fr. provenir "come forth, arise," from L. provenire "come forth, organize," from pro- "forth" (see pro-) + venire "come" (see venue).
韦氏大学
prov·e·nance
\ˈpräv-nən(t)s, ˈprä-və-ˌnän(t)s\ noun
Etymology: French, from provenir to come forth, originate, from Latin provenire, from pro- forth + venire to come — more at pro-, come
Date: 1785
1. : origin, source
2. : the history of ownership of a valued object or work of art or literature
美国传统词典英汉
prov.e.nance
AHD:[prŏvʹə-nəns, -näns']
D.J.[ˈprɒvənəns, -ˌnɑːns]
K.K.[ˈprɑvənəns, -ˌnɑns]
n.（名词）
Place of origin; derivation.
起源：起源的地方；出处
Proof of authenticity or of past ownership. Used of art works and antiques.
真实性或过去所有者的证明用于艺术品和古董
```
```
语源
French
法语
from provenant [present participle of] provenir [to originate]
源自 provenant [] provenir的现在分词 [源起]
from Old French
源自 古法语
from Latin prōvenīre
源自 拉丁语 prōvenīre
prō- [forth] * see pro- 1
prō- [向前] *参见 pro-1
venīre [to come] * see g wā-
venīre [来] *参见 g wā-
```
```
provenance (n.)
1785, from Fr. provenance "origin, production," from provenant, prp. of M.Fr. provenir "come forth, arise," from L. provenire "come forth, organize," from pro- "forth" (see pro-) + venire "come" (see venue).
韦氏大学
prov·e·nance
\ˈpräv-nən(t)s, ˈprä-və-ˌnän(t)s\ noun
Etymology: French, from provenir to come forth, originate, from Latin provenire, from pro- forth + venire to come — more at pro-, come
Date: 1785
1. : origin, source
2. : the history of ownership of a valued object or work of art or literature
美国传统词典英汉
prov.e.nance
AHD:[prŏvʹə-nəns, -näns']
D.J.[ˈprɒvənəns, -ˌnɑːns]
K.K.[ˈprɑvənəns, -ˌnɑns]
n.（名词）
Place of origin; derivation.
起源：起源的地方；出处
Proof of authenticity or of past ownership. Used of art works and antiques.
真实性或过去所有者的证明用于艺术品和古董
```
```
语源
French
法语
from provenant [present participle of] provenir [to originate]
源自 provenant [] provenir的现在分词 [源起]
from Old French
源自 古法语
from Latin prōvenīre
源自 拉丁语 prōvenīre
prō- [forth] * see pro- 1
prō- [向前] *参见 pro-1
venīre [to come] * see g wā-
venīre [来] *参见 g wā-
```
67
```
supervene
supervene (v.)
1590s (implied in supervenient), from L. supervenire "come on top of," from super "over, upon" (see super-) + venire "come" (see venue).
韦氏大学
su·per·vene
\ˌsü-pər-ˈvēn\ intransitive verb
(-vened ; -ven·ing)
Etymology: Latin supervenire, from super- + venire to come — more at come
Date: circa 1648
: to follow or result as an additional, adventitious, or unlooked-for development
Synonyms: see follow
• su·per·ven·tion \-ˈven(t)-shən\ noun
美国传统词典英汉
su.per.vene
AHD:[s›ʹpər-vēnʹ]
D.J.[ˌsuːpəˈviːn]
K.K.[ˌsupɚˈvin]
v.intr.（不及物动词）
su.per.vened, su.per.ven.ing, su.per.venes
To come or occur as something extraneous, additional, or unexpected.See Synonyms at follow
意外发生：作为非必要的、附加的或意外的事件而发生参见 follow
To follow immediately after; ensue.
紧随其后；随后发生
```
```
语源
Latin supervenīre
拉丁语 supervenīre
super- [super-]
super- [前缀，表示“超级的”]
venīre [to come] * see g wā-
venīre [发生] *参见 g wā-
```
继承用法
su'pervenʹient AHD:[-vēnʹyənt] （形容词）
su'pervenʹtion AHD:[-vĕnʹshən] （名词）
```
supervene
supervene (v.)
1590s (implied in supervenient), from L. supervenire "come on top of," from super "over, upon" (see super-) + venire "come" (see venue).
韦氏大学
su·per·vene
\ˌsü-pər-ˈvēn\ intransitive verb
(-vened ; -ven·ing)
Etymology: Latin supervenire, from super- + venire to come — more at come
Date: circa 1648
: to follow or result as an additional, adventitious, or unlooked-for development
Synonyms: see follow
• su·per·ven·tion \-ˈven(t)-shən\ noun
美国传统词典英汉
su.per.vene
AHD:[s›ʹpər-vēnʹ]
D.J.[ˌsuːpəˈviːn]
K.K.[ˌsupɚˈvin]
v.intr.（不及物动词）
su.per.vened, su.per.ven.ing, su.per.venes
To come or occur as something extraneous, additional, or unexpected.See Synonyms at follow
意外发生：作为非必要的、附加的或意外的事件而发生参见 follow
To follow immediately after; ensue.
紧随其后；随后发生
```
```
语源
Latin supervenīre
拉丁语 supervenīre
super- [super-]
super- [前缀，表示“超级的”]
venīre [to come] * see g wā-
venīre [发生] *参见 g wā-
```
继承用法
su'pervenʹient AHD:[-vēnʹyənt] （形容词）
su'pervenʹtion AHD:[-vĕnʹshən] （名词）
68
```
Etymonline
covenant
covenant
c.1300, from O.Fr. covenant "agreement," originally prp. of covenir "agree, meet," from L. convenire "come together" (see convene). Applied in Scripture to God's arrangements with man, as a translation of L. testamentum, Gk. diatheke, both rendering Heb. berith (though testament is also used for the same word in different places). The verb is recorded from c.1300. Covenanter (1638), especially used of Scottish Presbyterians who signed the Solemn League and Covenant (1643) for the defense and furtherance of their cause.
韦氏大学
cov·e·nant
I. \ˈkəv-nənt, ˈkə-və-\ noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Anglo-French, from present participle of covenir to be fitting, from Latin convenire
Date: 14th century
1. : a usually formal, solemn, and binding agreement : compact
2.
a. : a written agreement or promise usually under seal between two or more parties especially for the performance of some action
b. : the common-law action to recover damages for breach of such a contract
• cov·e·nan·tal \ˌkə-və-ˈnan-təl\ adjective
II. \-nənt, -ˌnant\ verb
Date: 14th century
transitive verb
: to promise by a covenant : pledge
intransitive verb
: to enter into a covenant : contract
美国传统词典英汉
cov.e.nant
AHD:[kŭvʹə-nənt]
D.J.[ˈkʌvənənt]
K.K.[ˈkʌvənənt]
n.（名词）
A binding agreement; a compact.See Synonyms at bargain
盟约，契约：有约束力的协议；合同参见 bargain
Law
【法律】
A formal sealed agreement or contract.
盖印合同：一种正式的盖印的协议或合同
A suit to recover damages for violation of such a contract.
契约诉讼：对违背这种合同要求赔偿损害
In the Bible, God's promise to the human race.
约：《圣经》中，上帝对人类的承诺
v.（动词）
cov.e.nant.ed, cov.e.nant.ing, cov.e.nants
v.tr.（及物动词）
To promise by or as if by a covenant.See Synonyms at promise
约定：通过或类似通过契约而答应参见 promise
v.intr.（不及物动词）
To enter into a covenant.
达成合约
```
语源
Middle English
中古英语
from Old French [from present participle of] convenir [to agree] * see convene
源自 古法语 [] 源自convenir的现在分词 [同意] *参见 convene
继承用法
cov'enantʹal AHD:[-nănʹtl] （形容词）
cov'enantʹally adv.（副词）
```
Etymonline
covenant
covenant
c.1300, from O.Fr. covenant "agreement," originally prp. of covenir "agree, meet," from L. convenire "come together" (see convene). Applied in Scripture to God's arrangements with man, as a translation of L. testamentum, Gk. diatheke, both rendering Heb. berith (though testament is also used for the same word in different places). The verb is recorded from c.1300. Covenanter (1638), especially used of Scottish Presbyterians who signed the Solemn League and Covenant (1643) for the defense and furtherance of their cause.
韦氏大学
cov·e·nant
I. \ˈkəv-nənt, ˈkə-və-\ noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Anglo-French, from present participle of covenir to be fitting, from Latin convenire
Date: 14th century
1. : a usually formal, solemn, and binding agreement : compact
2.
a. : a written agreement or promise usually under seal between two or more parties especially for the performance of some action
b. : the common-law action to recover damages for breach of such a contract
• cov·e·nan·tal \ˌkə-və-ˈnan-təl\ adjective
II. \-nənt, -ˌnant\ verb
Date: 14th century
transitive verb
: to promise by a covenant : pledge
intransitive verb
: to enter into a covenant : contract
美国传统词典英汉
cov.e.nant
AHD:[kŭvʹə-nənt]
D.J.[ˈkʌvənənt]
K.K.[ˈkʌvənənt]
n.（名词）
A binding agreement; a compact.See Synonyms at bargain
盟约，契约：有约束力的协议；合同参见 bargain
Law
【法律】
A formal sealed agreement or contract.
盖印合同：一种正式的盖印的协议或合同
A suit to recover damages for violation of such a contract.
契约诉讼：对违背这种合同要求赔偿损害
In the Bible, God's promise to the human race.
约：《圣经》中，上帝对人类的承诺
v.（动词）
cov.e.nant.ed, cov.e.nant.ing, cov.e.nants
v.tr.（及物动词）
To promise by or as if by a covenant.See Synonyms at promise
约定：通过或类似通过契约而答应参见 promise
v.intr.（不及物动词）
To enter into a covenant.
达成合约
```
语源
Middle English
中古英语
from Old French [from present participle of] convenir [to agree] * see convene
源自 古法语 [] 源自convenir的现在分词 [同意] *参见 convene
继承用法
cov'enantʹal AHD:[-nănʹtl] （形容词）
cov'enantʹally adv.（副词）
69
```
convene (v.)
early 15c., from M.Fr. convenir "to suit, agree," from L. convenire "unite, be suitable, agree, assemble," from com- "together" (see com-) + venire "to come" (see venue). Related: Convened; convener; convening.
韦氏大学
con·vene
\kən-ˈvēn\ verb
(con·vened ; con·ven·ing)
Etymology: Middle English, from Medieval Latin convenire, from Latin, to assemble — more at convenient
Date: 15th century
intransitive verb
: to come together in a body
transitive verb
1. : to summon before a tribunal
2. : to cause to assemble
Synonyms: see summon
• con·ven·er or con·ve·nor \-ˈvē-nər\ noun
美国传统词典英汉
con.vene
AHD:[kən-vēnʹ]
D.J.[kənˈviːn]
K.K.[kənˈvin]
v.（动词）
con.vened, con.ven.ing, con.venes
v.intr.（不及物动词）
To come together usually for an official or public purpose; assemble formally.
正式集会：通常为一个官方的或公开的目的聚集在一起；正式集会
v.tr.（及物动词）
To cause to come together formally; convoke:
召集：使…正式集会；召集：
convene a special session of Congress.See Synonyms at call
召开议会特别会议参见 call
To summon to appear, as before a tribunal.
传：传唤…到场，如在法庭上
```
```
语源
Middle English convenen
中古英语 convenen
from Old French convenir
源自 古法语 convenir
from Latin convenīre
源自 拉丁语 convenīre
com- [com-]
com- [前缀，表“同”]
venīre [to come] * see g wā-
venīre [到来] *参见 g wā-
```
继承用法
convenʹable adj.（形容词）
convenʹer 或 convenʹor n.（名词）
```
convene (v.)
early 15c., from M.Fr. convenir "to suit, agree," from L. convenire "unite, be suitable, agree, assemble," from com- "together" (see com-) + venire "to come" (see venue). Related: Convened; convener; convening.
韦氏大学
con·vene
\kən-ˈvēn\ verb
(con·vened ; con·ven·ing)
Etymology: Middle English, from Medieval Latin convenire, from Latin, to assemble — more at convenient
Date: 15th century
intransitive verb
: to come together in a body
transitive verb
1. : to summon before a tribunal
2. : to cause to assemble
Synonyms: see summon
• con·ven·er or con·ve·nor \-ˈvē-nər\ noun
美国传统词典英汉
con.vene
AHD:[kən-vēnʹ]
D.J.[kənˈviːn]
K.K.[kənˈvin]
v.（动词）
con.vened, con.ven.ing, con.venes
v.intr.（不及物动词）
To come together usually for an official or public purpose; assemble formally.
正式集会：通常为一个官方的或公开的目的聚集在一起；正式集会
v.tr.（及物动词）
To cause to come together formally; convoke:
召集：使…正式集会；召集：
convene a special session of Congress.See Synonyms at call
召开议会特别会议参见 call
To summon to appear, as before a tribunal.
传：传唤…到场，如在法庭上
```
```
语源
Middle English convenen
中古英语 convenen
from Old French convenir
源自 古法语 convenir
from Latin convenīre
源自 拉丁语 convenīre
com- [com-]
com- [前缀，表“同”]
venīre [to come] * see g wā-
venīre [到来] *参见 g wā-
```
继承用法
convenʹable adj.（形容词）
convenʹer 或 convenʹor n.（名词）
70
circumvent (v.)
mid-15c., "to surround by hostile stratagem," from L. circumventus, pp. of circumvenire "to get around, encircle, surround," in transferred sense "to oppress, assail, cheat," from circum "around" (see circum-) + venire "to come" (see venue). Meaning "to go round" is from 1840. Related: Circumvented; circumventing.
韦氏大学
cir·cum·vent
\ˌsər-kəm-ˈvent\ transitive verb
Etymology: Latin circumventus, past participle of circumvenire, from circum- + venire to come — more at come
Date: 1539
1.
a. : to hem in
b. : to make a circuit around
2. : to manage to get around especially by ingenuity or stratagem
```
• cir·cum·ven·tion \-ˈven(t)-shən\ noun
美国传统词典英汉
cir.cum.vent
AHD:[sûr'kəm-vĕntʹ]
D.J.[ˌsɜːkəmˈvent]
K.K.[ˌsɝkəmˈvɛnt]
v.tr.（及物动词）
cir.cum.vent.ed, cir.cum.vent.ing, cir.cum.vents
To surround (an enemy, for example); enclose or entrap.
围住（例如敌人）；包围或诱陷
To go around; bypass:
绕行；避开：
circumvented the city.
绕开城市
To avoid or get around by artful maneuvering:
用狡诈的策略避免或应付：
She planned a way to circumvent all the bureaucratic red tape.
她计划避开官僚体制下的繁文缛礼
```
```
语源
Middle English circumventen
中古英语 circumventen
from Latin circumvenīre circumvent-
源自 拉丁语 circumvenīre circumvent-
circum- [circum-]
circum- [前缀，表“环绕”]
venīre [to go, come] * see g wā-
venīre [去，来] *参见 g wā-
```
继承用法
cir'cumventʹer 或 cir'cumvenʹtor n.（名词）
cir'cumvenʹtion n.（名词）
cir'cumvenʹtive adj.（形容词）
circumvent (v.)
mid-15c., "to surround by hostile stratagem," from L. circumventus, pp. of circumvenire "to get around, encircle, surround," in transferred sense "to oppress, assail, cheat," from circum "around" (see circum-) + venire "to come" (see venue). Meaning "to go round" is from 1840. Related: Circumvented; circumventing.
韦氏大学
cir·cum·vent
\ˌsər-kəm-ˈvent\ transitive verb
Etymology: Latin circumventus, past participle of circumvenire, from circum- + venire to come — more at come
Date: 1539
1.
a. : to hem in
b. : to make a circuit around
2. : to manage to get around especially by ingenuity or stratagem
```
• cir·cum·ven·tion \-ˈven(t)-shən\ noun
美国传统词典英汉
cir.cum.vent
AHD:[sûr'kəm-vĕntʹ]
D.J.[ˌsɜːkəmˈvent]
K.K.[ˌsɝkəmˈvɛnt]
v.tr.（及物动词）
cir.cum.vent.ed, cir.cum.vent.ing, cir.cum.vents
To surround (an enemy, for example); enclose or entrap.
围住（例如敌人）；包围或诱陷
To go around; bypass:
绕行；避开：
circumvented the city.
绕开城市
To avoid or get around by artful maneuvering:
用狡诈的策略避免或应付：
She planned a way to circumvent all the bureaucratic red tape.
她计划避开官僚体制下的繁文缛礼
```
```
语源
Middle English circumventen
中古英语 circumventen
from Latin circumvenīre circumvent-
源自 拉丁语 circumvenīre circumvent-
circum- [circum-]
circum- [前缀，表“环绕”]
venīre [to go, come] * see g wā-
venīre [去，来] *参见 g wā-
```
继承用法
cir'cumventʹer 或 cir'cumvenʹtor n.（名词）
cir'cumvenʹtion n.（名词）
cir'cumvenʹtive adj.（形容词）
71
accede (v.)
early 15c., from L. accedere "approach, enter upon," from ad- "to" (see ad-) + cedere "go, move" (see cede). Latin ad- usually became ac- before "k" sounds. Related: Acceded; acceding.
韦氏大学
ac·cede
\ak-ˈsēd, ik-\ intransitive verb
(ac·ced·ed ; ac·ced·ing)
Etymology: Middle English, from Latin accedere to go to, be added, from ad- + cedere to go
Date: 15th century
1.
a. : to become a party (as to an agreement)
b. : to express approval or give consent : give in to a request or demand
2. archaic : approach
3. : to enter upon an office or position
Synonyms: see assent
美国传统词典英汉
ac.cede
AHD:[ăk-sēdʹ]
D.J.[ækˈsiːd]
K.K.[ækˈsid]
v.intr.（不及物动词）
ac.ced.ed, ac.ced.ing, ac.cedes
To give one's consent, often at the insistence of another; concede.See Synonyms at assent
同意，让步：通常是因为他人的坚持而同意；让步参见 assent
To arrive at or come into an office or dignity:
就任，就职：达到或获得一职位或高位：
accede to the throne.
就任国王
To become a party to an agreement or treaty.
加入，参加：成为一条约或合同的一部分
```
语源
Middle English accēden [to come near]
中古英语 accēden [接近]
from Latin accēdere [to go near]
源自 拉丁语 accēdere [走近]
ad- [ad-]
ad- [ad-前缀，表“朝，向”]
cēdere [to go] * see ked-
cēdere [走] *参见 ked-
```
继承用法
accedʹence AHD:[-sēdʹns] （名词）
accedʹer n.（名词）
accede (v.)
early 15c., from L. accedere "approach, enter upon," from ad- "to" (see ad-) + cedere "go, move" (see cede). Latin ad- usually became ac- before "k" sounds. Related: Acceded; acceding.
韦氏大学
ac·cede
\ak-ˈsēd, ik-\ intransitive verb
(ac·ced·ed ; ac·ced·ing)
Etymology: Middle English, from Latin accedere to go to, be added, from ad- + cedere to go
Date: 15th century
1.
a. : to become a party (as to an agreement)
b. : to express approval or give consent : give in to a request or demand
2. archaic : approach
3. : to enter upon an office or position
Synonyms: see assent
美国传统词典英汉
ac.cede
AHD:[ăk-sēdʹ]
D.J.[ækˈsiːd]
K.K.[ækˈsid]
v.intr.（不及物动词）
ac.ced.ed, ac.ced.ing, ac.cedes
To give one's consent, often at the insistence of another; concede.See Synonyms at assent
同意，让步：通常是因为他人的坚持而同意；让步参见 assent
To arrive at or come into an office or dignity:
就任，就职：达到或获得一职位或高位：
accede to the throne.
就任国王
To become a party to an agreement or treaty.
加入，参加：成为一条约或合同的一部分
```
语源
Middle English accēden [to come near]
中古英语 accēden [接近]
from Latin accēdere [to go near]
源自 拉丁语 accēdere [走近]
ad- [ad-]
ad- [ad-前缀，表“朝，向”]
cēdere [to go] * see ked-
cēdere [走] *参见 ked-
```
继承用法
accedʹence AHD:[-sēdʹns] （名词）
accedʹer n.（名词）
72
accede (v.)
early 15c., from L. accedere "approach, enter upon," from ad- "to" (see ad-) + cedere "go, move" (see cede). Latin ad- usually became ac- before "k" sounds. Related: Acceded; acceding.
韦氏大学
ac·cede
\ak-ˈsēd, ik-\ intransitive verb
(ac·ced·ed ; ac·ced·ing)
Etymology: Middle English, from Latin accedere to go to, be added, from ad- + cedere to go
Date: 15th century
1.
a. : to become a party (as to an agreement)
b. : to express approval or give consent : give in to a request or demand
2. archaic : approach
3. : to enter upon an office or position
Synonyms: see assent
美国传统词典英汉
ac.cede
AHD:[ăk-sēdʹ]
D.J.[ækˈsiːd]
K.K.[ækˈsid]
v.intr.（不及物动词）
ac.ced.ed, ac.ced.ing, ac.cedes
To give one's consent, often at the insistence of another; concede.See Synonyms at assent
同意，让步：通常是因为他人的坚持而同意；让步参见 assent
To arrive at or come into an office or dignity:
就任，就职：达到或获得一职位或高位：
accede to the throne.
就任国王
To become a party to an agreement or treaty.
加入，参加：成为一条约或合同的一部分
```
语源
Middle English accēden [to come near]
中古英语 accēden [接近]
from Latin accēdere [to go near]
源自 拉丁语 accēdere [走近]
ad- [ad-]
ad- [ad-前缀，表“朝，向”]
cēdere [to go] * see ked-
cēdere [走] *参见 ked-
```
继承用法
accedʹence AHD:[-sēdʹns] （名词）
accedʹer n.（名词）
accede (v.)
early 15c., from L. accedere "approach, enter upon," from ad- "to" (see ad-) + cedere "go, move" (see cede). Latin ad- usually became ac- before "k" sounds. Related: Acceded; acceding.
韦氏大学
ac·cede
\ak-ˈsēd, ik-\ intransitive verb
(ac·ced·ed ; ac·ced·ing)
Etymology: Middle English, from Latin accedere to go to, be added, from ad- + cedere to go
Date: 15th century
1.
a. : to become a party (as to an agreement)
b. : to express approval or give consent : give in to a request or demand
2. archaic : approach
3. : to enter upon an office or position
Synonyms: see assent
美国传统词典英汉
ac.cede
AHD:[ăk-sēdʹ]
D.J.[ækˈsiːd]
K.K.[ækˈsid]
v.intr.（不及物动词）
ac.ced.ed, ac.ced.ing, ac.cedes
To give one's consent, often at the insistence of another; concede.See Synonyms at assent
同意，让步：通常是因为他人的坚持而同意；让步参见 assent
To arrive at or come into an office or dignity:
就任，就职：达到或获得一职位或高位：
accede to the throne.
就任国王
To become a party to an agreement or treaty.
加入，参加：成为一条约或合同的一部分
```
语源
Middle English accēden [to come near]
中古英语 accēden [接近]
from Latin accēdere [to go near]
源自 拉丁语 accēdere [走近]
ad- [ad-]
ad- [ad-前缀，表“朝，向”]
cēdere [to go] * see ked-
cēdere [走] *参见 ked-
```
继承用法
accedʹence AHD:[-sēdʹns] （名词）
accedʹer n.（名词）
73
```
cede
cede (v.)
1630s, from L. cedere "to yield; to give up some right or property," originally "to go, proceed, leave," from PIE root *ked- "to go, yield" (cf. Skt. a-sad- "to go, approach;" Avestan apa-had- "turn aside, step aside;" Gk. hodos "way," hodites "wanderer, wayfarer;" O.C.S. chodu "a walking, going," choditi "to go"). Related: Ceded; ceding. The sense evolution in Latin is via the notion of "to go away, withdraw, give ground."
韦氏大学
cede
\ˈsēd\ transitive verb
(ced·ed ; ced·ing)
Etymology: French or Latin; French céder, from Latin cedere to go, withdraw, yield
Date: 1749
1. : to yield or grant typically by treaty
2. : assign, transfer
• ced·er noun
美国传统词典英汉
cede
AHD:[sēd]
D.J.[siːd]
K.K.[sid]
v.tr.（及物动词）
ced.ed, ced.ing, cedes
To surrender possession of, especially by treaty.See Synonyms at relinquish
割让：割让，尤指通过条约的割让参见 relinquish
To yield; grant:
屈服；让与：
The debater refused to cede the point to her opponent.
辩论者拒绝向她的对手放弃其主张
```
```
语源
French céder
法语 céder
from Old French
源自 古法语
from Latin cēdere * see ked-
源自 拉丁语 cēdere *参见 ked-
```
```
cede
cede (v.)
1630s, from L. cedere "to yield; to give up some right or property," originally "to go, proceed, leave," from PIE root *ked- "to go, yield" (cf. Skt. a-sad- "to go, approach;" Avestan apa-had- "turn aside, step aside;" Gk. hodos "way," hodites "wanderer, wayfarer;" O.C.S. chodu "a walking, going," choditi "to go"). Related: Ceded; ceding. The sense evolution in Latin is via the notion of "to go away, withdraw, give ground."
韦氏大学
cede
\ˈsēd\ transitive verb
(ced·ed ; ced·ing)
Etymology: French or Latin; French céder, from Latin cedere to go, withdraw, yield
Date: 1749
1. : to yield or grant typically by treaty
2. : assign, transfer
• ced·er noun
美国传统词典英汉
cede
AHD:[sēd]
D.J.[siːd]
K.K.[sid]
v.tr.（及物动词）
ced.ed, ced.ing, cedes
To surrender possession of, especially by treaty.See Synonyms at relinquish
割让：割让，尤指通过条约的割让参见 relinquish
To yield; grant:
屈服；让与：
The debater refused to cede the point to her opponent.
辩论者拒绝向她的对手放弃其主张
```
```
语源
French céder
法语 céder
from Old French
源自 古法语
from Latin cēdere * see ked-
源自 拉丁语 cēdere *参见 ked-
```
74
1630s, from M.Fr. concéder or directly from L. concedere "give way, yield, go away, depart, retire," figuratively "agree, consent, give precedence," from com-, intensive prefix (see com-), + cedere "to go, grant, give way" (see cede). Related: Conceded; conceding.
韦氏大学
con·cede
\kən-ˈsēd\ verb
(con·ced·ed ; con·ced·ing)
Etymology: French or Latin; French concéder, from Latin concedere, from com- + cedere to yield
Date: 1626
transitive verb
1. : to grant as a right or privilege
2.
a. : to accept as true, valid, or accurate
b. : to acknowledge grudgingly or hesitantly
```
intransitive verb
: to make concession : yield
Synonyms: see grant
• con·ced·ed·ly \-ˈsē-dəd-lē\ adverb
• con·ced·er noun
美国传统词典英汉
con.cede
AHD:[kən-sēdʹ]
D.J.[kənˈsiːd]
K.K.[kənˈsid]
v.（动词）
con.ced.ed, con.ced.ing, con.cedes
v.tr.（及物动词）
To acknowledge, often reluctantly, as being true, just, or proper; admit.See Synonyms at acknowledge
承认：通常是不情愿地承认…是真的、公正或合适的；承认参见 acknowledge
To yield or grant (a privilege or right, for example).See Synonyms at grant
给予：给予或授予（例如特权或权利）参见 grant
v.intr.（不及物动词）
To make a concession; yield:
作出让步；屈服：
The losing candidate conceded at midnight after the polls had closed.
投票数揭晓后，败北的候选人在午夜时才认输
```
```
语源
French concéder
法语 concéder
from Latin concēdere
源自 拉丁语 concēdere
com- [intensive pref.] * see com-
com- [前缀，表加强词义] *参见 com-
cēdere [to yield] * see ked-
cēdere [屈服] *参见 ked-
```
继承用法
concedʹedly AHD:[-sēʹdĭd-lē] （副词）
concedʹer n.（名词）
1630s, from M.Fr. concéder or directly from L. concedere "give way, yield, go away, depart, retire," figuratively "agree, consent, give precedence," from com-, intensive prefix (see com-), + cedere "to go, grant, give way" (see cede). Related: Conceded; conceding.
韦氏大学
con·cede
\kən-ˈsēd\ verb
(con·ced·ed ; con·ced·ing)
Etymology: French or Latin; French concéder, from Latin concedere, from com- + cedere to yield
Date: 1626
transitive verb
1. : to grant as a right or privilege
2.
a. : to accept as true, valid, or accurate
b. : to acknowledge grudgingly or hesitantly
```
intransitive verb
: to make concession : yield
Synonyms: see grant
• con·ced·ed·ly \-ˈsē-dəd-lē\ adverb
• con·ced·er noun
美国传统词典英汉
con.cede
AHD:[kən-sēdʹ]
D.J.[kənˈsiːd]
K.K.[kənˈsid]
v.（动词）
con.ced.ed, con.ced.ing, con.cedes
v.tr.（及物动词）
To acknowledge, often reluctantly, as being true, just, or proper; admit.See Synonyms at acknowledge
承认：通常是不情愿地承认…是真的、公正或合适的；承认参见 acknowledge
To yield or grant (a privilege or right, for example).See Synonyms at grant
给予：给予或授予（例如特权或权利）参见 grant
v.intr.（不及物动词）
To make a concession; yield:
作出让步；屈服：
The losing candidate conceded at midnight after the polls had closed.
投票数揭晓后，败北的候选人在午夜时才认输
```
```
语源
French concéder
法语 concéder
from Latin concēdere
源自 拉丁语 concēdere
com- [intensive pref.] * see com-
com- [前缀，表加强词义] *参见 com-
cēdere [to yield] * see ked-
cēdere [屈服] *参见 ked-
```
继承用法
concedʹedly AHD:[-sēʹdĭd-lē] （副词）
concedʹer n.（名词）
75
```
ex·ceed·ing
\-ˈsē-diŋ\ adjective
Date: 15th century
: exceptional in amount, quality, or degree
美国传统词典英汉
ex.ceed.ing
AHD:[ĭk-sēʹdĭng]
D.J.[ɪkˈsiːdɪŋ]
K.K.[ɪkˈsidɪŋ]
adj.（形容词）
Extreme; extraordinary:
极度的；超过的：
a night of exceeding darkness.
极度黑暗的一夜
adv.Archaic （副词）【古语】
Exceedingly.
及其
```
```
ex·ceed·ing
\-ˈsē-diŋ\ adjective
Date: 15th century
: exceptional in amount, quality, or degree
美国传统词典英汉
ex.ceed.ing
AHD:[ĭk-sēʹdĭng]
D.J.[ɪkˈsiːdɪŋ]
K.K.[ɪkˈsidɪŋ]
adj.（形容词）
Extreme; extraordinary:
极度的；超过的：
a night of exceeding darkness.
极度黑暗的一夜
adv.Archaic （副词）【古语】
Exceedingly.
及其
```
76
```
intercede (v.)
1570s, a back formation from intercession, or else from L. intercedere "intervene, come between, be between," from inter- "between" (see inter-) + cedere "go" (see cede). Related: Interceded; interceding.
韦氏大学
in·ter·cede
\ˌin-tər-ˈsēd\ intransitive verb
(-ced·ed ; -ced·ing)
Etymology: Latin intercedere, from inter- + cedere to go
Date: 1597
: to intervene between parties with a view to reconciling differences : mediate
Synonyms: see interpose
• in·ter·ced·er noun
美国传统词典英汉
in.ter.cede
AHD:[ĭn'tər-sēdʹ]
D.J.[ˌɪntəˈsiːd]
K.K.[ˌɪntɚˈsid]
v.intr.（不及物动词）
in.ter.ced.ed, in.ter.ced.ing, in.ter.cedes
To plead on another's behalf.
为别人说情
To act as mediator in a dispute.
调停：在纠纷中充当调停人
```
```
语源
Latin intercēdere [to intervene]
拉丁语 intercēdere [交涉]
inter- [inter-]
inter- [在…之间]
cēdere [to go] * see ked-
cēdere [去] *参见 ked-
```
继承用法
in'tercedʹer n.（名词）
```
intercede (v.)
1570s, a back formation from intercession, or else from L. intercedere "intervene, come between, be between," from inter- "between" (see inter-) + cedere "go" (see cede). Related: Interceded; interceding.
韦氏大学
in·ter·cede
\ˌin-tər-ˈsēd\ intransitive verb
(-ced·ed ; -ced·ing)
Etymology: Latin intercedere, from inter- + cedere to go
Date: 1597
: to intervene between parties with a view to reconciling differences : mediate
Synonyms: see interpose
• in·ter·ced·er noun
美国传统词典英汉
in.ter.cede
AHD:[ĭn'tər-sēdʹ]
D.J.[ˌɪntəˈsiːd]
K.K.[ˌɪntɚˈsid]
v.intr.（不及物动词）
in.ter.ced.ed, in.ter.ced.ing, in.ter.cedes
To plead on another's behalf.
为别人说情
To act as mediator in a dispute.
调停：在纠纷中充当调停人
```
```
语源
Latin intercēdere [to intervene]
拉丁语 intercēdere [交涉]
inter- [inter-]
inter- [在…之间]
cēdere [to go] * see ked-
cēdere [去] *参见 ked-
```
继承用法
in'tercedʹer n.（名词）
77
```
precedence (n.)
late 15c., "being a precedent," from precedent (n.). Meaning "fact of preceding another, right of preceding another" is from c.1600.
韦氏大学
pre·ce·dence
\ˈpre-sə-dən(t)s, pri-ˈsē-dən(t)s\ noun
Date: 1588
1.
a. obsolete : antecedent
b. : the fact of preceding in time
2.
a. : the right to superior honor on a ceremonial or formal occasion
b. : the order of ceremonial or formal preference
c. : priority of importance
```
美国传统词典英汉
prec.e.dence
AHD:[prĕsʹĭ-dəns, prĭ-sēdʹns] 也作 prec.e.den.cy [prĕsʹĭ-dən-sē, prĭ-sēdʹn-sē]
D.J.[ˈpresɪdəns, prɪˈsiːdns] 也作 prec.e.den.cy [ˈpresɪdənsiː, prɪˈsiːdnsiː]
K.K.[ˈprɛsɪdəns, prɪˈsidņs] 也作 prec.e.den.cy [ˈprɛsɪdənsi, prɪˈsidņsi]
n.（名词）
The fact, state, or right of preceding; priority:
领先：领先的事实、状态或权利；优先权：
Those applications arriving first will receive precedence.
最先到的申请者将有优先权
Priority claimed or received because of preeminence or superiority:
优先权：由于其重要性或较高地位而要求或得到的优先权：
Our company will continue to assert its precedence as the world's leading manufacturer of pharmaceuticals.
我们公司由于在世界药品生产中的领先地位而将继续断言其优先权
A ceremonial order of rank or preference, especially as observed on formal occasions:
地位先后，级别高低：尤指在正式场合中所遵循的地位或偏好上的礼节顺序：
Recipients of military honors were called in order of precedence—highest ranking officers first.
军功章的获得者们被按级别高低召见──等级最高的官员排在第一位
```
precedence (n.)
late 15c., "being a precedent," from precedent (n.). Meaning "fact of preceding another, right of preceding another" is from c.1600.
韦氏大学
pre·ce·dence
\ˈpre-sə-dən(t)s, pri-ˈsē-dən(t)s\ noun
Date: 1588
1.
a. obsolete : antecedent
b. : the fact of preceding in time
2.
a. : the right to superior honor on a ceremonial or formal occasion
b. : the order of ceremonial or formal preference
c. : priority of importance
```
美国传统词典英汉
prec.e.dence
AHD:[prĕsʹĭ-dəns, prĭ-sēdʹns] 也作 prec.e.den.cy [prĕsʹĭ-dən-sē, prĭ-sēdʹn-sē]
D.J.[ˈpresɪdəns, prɪˈsiːdns] 也作 prec.e.den.cy [ˈpresɪdənsiː, prɪˈsiːdnsiː]
K.K.[ˈprɛsɪdəns, prɪˈsidņs] 也作 prec.e.den.cy [ˈprɛsɪdənsi, prɪˈsidņsi]
n.（名词）
The fact, state, or right of preceding; priority:
领先：领先的事实、状态或权利；优先权：
Those applications arriving first will receive precedence.
最先到的申请者将有优先权
Priority claimed or received because of preeminence or superiority:
优先权：由于其重要性或较高地位而要求或得到的优先权：
Our company will continue to assert its precedence as the world's leading manufacturer of pharmaceuticals.
我们公司由于在世界药品生产中的领先地位而将继续断言其优先权
A ceremonial order of rank or preference, especially as observed on formal occasions:
地位先后，级别高低：尤指在正式场合中所遵循的地位或偏好上的礼节顺序：
Recipients of military honors were called in order of precedence—highest ranking officers first.
军功章的获得者们被按级别高低召见──等级最高的官员排在第一位
78
```
bacterium (n.)
c.1848, singular of bacteria (q.v.).
韦氏大学
bac·te·ri·um
\bak-ˈtir-ē-əm\ noun
(plural bac·te·ria \-ē-ə\)
Etymology: New Latin, from Greek baktērion staff
Date: circa 1849
: any of a domain (Bacteria) of prokaryotic round, spiral, or rod-shaped single-celled microorganisms that may lack cell walls or are gram-positive or gram-negative if they have cell walls, that are often aggregated into colonies or motile by means of flagella, that typically live in soil, water, organic matter, or the bodies of plants and animals, that are usually autotrophic, saprophytic, or parasitic in nutrition, and that are noted for their biochemical effects and pathogenicity; broadly : prokaryote — compare archaea, eukaryote
美国传统词典英汉
bac.te.ri.um
AHD:[băk-tîrʹē-əm]
D.J.[bækˈtɪəriːəm]
K.K.[bækˈtɪriəm]
n.（名词）
【复数】 bac.te.ri.a[-tîrʹē-ə]
Any of the unicellular, prokaryotic microorganisms of the class Schizomycetes, which vary in terms of morphology, oxygen and nutritional requirements, and motility, and may be free-living, saprophytic, or pathogenic, the latter causing disease in plants or animals.
细菌：一种裂殖菌类的单细胞原核微生物，在结构形态、氧气、营养需求和运动方面都各有所不同，可以独立生存，也可是腐生或病原性的，后者可引起植物或动物的疾病
```
语源
New Latin
现代拉丁语
from Greek baktērion [diminutive of] baktron [rod] * see bak-
源自 希腊语 baktērion [] baktron的小后缀 [杆菌，杆状体] *参见 bak-
```
bacterium (n.)
c.1848, singular of bacteria (q.v.).
韦氏大学
bac·te·ri·um
\bak-ˈtir-ē-əm\ noun
(plural bac·te·ria \-ē-ə\)
Etymology: New Latin, from Greek baktērion staff
Date: circa 1849
: any of a domain (Bacteria) of prokaryotic round, spiral, or rod-shaped single-celled microorganisms that may lack cell walls or are gram-positive or gram-negative if they have cell walls, that are often aggregated into colonies or motile by means of flagella, that typically live in soil, water, organic matter, or the bodies of plants and animals, that are usually autotrophic, saprophytic, or parasitic in nutrition, and that are noted for their biochemical effects and pathogenicity; broadly : prokaryote — compare archaea, eukaryote
美国传统词典英汉
bac.te.ri.um
AHD:[băk-tîrʹē-əm]
D.J.[bækˈtɪəriːəm]
K.K.[bækˈtɪriəm]
n.（名词）
【复数】 bac.te.ri.a[-tîrʹē-ə]
Any of the unicellular, prokaryotic microorganisms of the class Schizomycetes, which vary in terms of morphology, oxygen and nutritional requirements, and motility, and may be free-living, saprophytic, or pathogenic, the latter causing disease in plants or animals.
细菌：一种裂殖菌类的单细胞原核微生物，在结构形态、氧气、营养需求和运动方面都各有所不同，可以独立生存，也可是腐生或病原性的，后者可引起植物或动物的疾病
```
语源
New Latin
现代拉丁语
from Greek baktērion [diminutive of] baktron [rod] * see bak-
源自 希腊语 baktērion [] baktron的小后缀 [杆菌，杆状体] *参见 bak-
79
```
imbecile (adj.)
1540s, imbecille "weak, feeble" (especially in reference to the body), from M.Fr. imbecile (15c.), from L. imbecillus "weak, feeble" (see imbecility). Sense shifted to mental weakness from mid-18c. As a noun, "feeble-minded person," it is attested from 1802. Traditionally an adult with a mental age of roughly 6 to 9 (above an idiot but beneath a moron).
韦氏大学
im·be·cile
\ˈim-bə-səl, -ˌsil\ noun
Etymology: French imbécile, noun, from adjective, weak, weak-minded, from Latin imbecillus
Date: 1802
1. usually offensive : a person affected with moderate mental retardation
2. : fool, idiot
• imbecile or im·be·cil·ic \ˌim-bə-ˈsi-lik\ adjective
美国传统词典英汉
im.be.cile
AHD:[ĭmʹbə-sĭl, -səl]
D.J.[ˈɪmbəsɪl, -səl]
K.K.[ˈɪmbəsɪl, -səl]
n.（名词）
A stupid or silly person; a dolt.
蠢人；傻瓜
A person whose mental acumen is well below par.
低能者：智力远在常态之下的人
A person of moderate to severe mental retardation having a mental age of from three to seven years and generally being capable of some degree of communication and performance of simple tasks under supervision. The term belongs to a classification system no longer in use and is now considered offensive.
弱智者：有中度到严重精神障碍的人，有三到七岁的智力年龄，在指导下通常能做某种程度的交流并能完成简单的任务。这个术语属于一个已停用的区分系统，现在被认为是攻击性的
adj.also （形容词） 也作
AHD:[ĭm'bə-sĭlʹĭk]
Stupid; silly.
愚蠢的；傻的
Well below par in mental acumen.
弱智的：智力远在常态之下的
```
语源
From obsolete French imbécille [weak, feeble]
源自 已废法语 imbécille [软弱的，微弱的]
from Old French
源自 古法语
from Latin imbēcillus
源自 拉丁语 imbēcillus
in- [not] * see in- 1
in- [不] *参见 in-1
possibly bacillum [staff] [diminutive of] baculum [rod] * see bak-
可能为 bacillum [棍棒] [] baculum的小后缀 [棒条] *参见 bak-
继承用法
imʹbecilely adv.（副词）
```
imbecile (adj.)
1540s, imbecille "weak, feeble" (especially in reference to the body), from M.Fr. imbecile (15c.), from L. imbecillus "weak, feeble" (see imbecility). Sense shifted to mental weakness from mid-18c. As a noun, "feeble-minded person," it is attested from 1802. Traditionally an adult with a mental age of roughly 6 to 9 (above an idiot but beneath a moron).
韦氏大学
im·be·cile
\ˈim-bə-səl, -ˌsil\ noun
Etymology: French imbécile, noun, from adjective, weak, weak-minded, from Latin imbecillus
Date: 1802
1. usually offensive : a person affected with moderate mental retardation
2. : fool, idiot
• imbecile or im·be·cil·ic \ˌim-bə-ˈsi-lik\ adjective
美国传统词典英汉
im.be.cile
AHD:[ĭmʹbə-sĭl, -səl]
D.J.[ˈɪmbəsɪl, -səl]
K.K.[ˈɪmbəsɪl, -səl]
n.（名词）
A stupid or silly person; a dolt.
蠢人；傻瓜
A person whose mental acumen is well below par.
低能者：智力远在常态之下的人
A person of moderate to severe mental retardation having a mental age of from three to seven years and generally being capable of some degree of communication and performance of simple tasks under supervision. The term belongs to a classification system no longer in use and is now considered offensive.
弱智者：有中度到严重精神障碍的人，有三到七岁的智力年龄，在指导下通常能做某种程度的交流并能完成简单的任务。这个术语属于一个已停用的区分系统，现在被认为是攻击性的
adj.also （形容词） 也作
AHD:[ĭm'bə-sĭlʹĭk]
Stupid; silly.
愚蠢的；傻的
Well below par in mental acumen.
弱智的：智力远在常态之下的
```
语源
From obsolete French imbécille [weak, feeble]
源自 已废法语 imbécille [软弱的，微弱的]
from Old French
源自 古法语
from Latin imbēcillus
源自 拉丁语 imbēcillus
in- [not] * see in- 1
in- [不] *参见 in-1
possibly bacillum [staff] [diminutive of] baculum [rod] * see bak-
可能为 bacillum [棍棒] [] baculum的小后缀 [棒条] *参见 bak-
继承用法
imʹbecilely adv.（副词）
80
```
"disaster," 1848, from Fr. débâcle "downfall, collapse, disaster" (17c.), a figurative use, lit. "breaking up (of ice on a river)," extended to the violent flood that follows when the river ice melts in spring; from débâcler "to free," from M.Fr. desbacler "to unbar," from des- "off" + bacler "to bar," from V.L. *bacculare, from L. baculum "stick" (see bacillus). Sense of "disaster" was present in French before English borrowed the word.
韦氏大学
de·ba·cle
\dē-ˈbä-kəl, di-, -ˈba-; ÷ˈde-bə-kəl\ noun
also dé·bâ·cle \also dā-ˈbäk(lə)\
Etymology: French débâcle, from débâcler to clear, from Middle French desbacler, from des- de- + bacler to block, perhaps from Vulgar Latin *bacculare, from Latin baculum staff
Date: 1802
1. : a tumultuous breakup of ice in a river
2. : a violent disruption (as of an army) : rout
3.
a. : a great disaster
b. : a complete failure : fiasco
美国传统词典英汉
de.ba.cle
AHD:[dĭ-bäʹkəl, -băkʹəl]
D.J.[dɪˈbɑːkəl, -ˈbækəl]
K.K.[dɪˈbɑkəl, -ˈbækəl]
n.（名词）
A sudden, disastrous collapse, downfall, or defeat; a rout.
崩溃：指突然的、灾难性的倒塌、衰败或失败；溃败
A total, often ludicrous failure.
彻底失败：彻底的，常指可笑的失败
The breaking up of ice in a river.
解冻：指河里的冰破裂
A violent flood.
泛滥的洪水
```
```
语源
French débâcle
法语 débâcle
from débâcler [to unbar]
源自 débâcler [打开]
from Old French desbacler
源自 古法语 desbacler
des- [de-]
des- [前缀，表示“除去”]
bacler [to bar] from Vulgar Latin *bacculāre from Latin baculum [rod] * see bak-
bacler [闩上] 源自 俗拉丁语 *bacculāre 源自 拉丁语 baculum [棒条] *参见 bak-
```
```
"disaster," 1848, from Fr. débâcle "downfall, collapse, disaster" (17c.), a figurative use, lit. "breaking up (of ice on a river)," extended to the violent flood that follows when the river ice melts in spring; from débâcler "to free," from M.Fr. desbacler "to unbar," from des- "off" + bacler "to bar," from V.L. *bacculare, from L. baculum "stick" (see bacillus). Sense of "disaster" was present in French before English borrowed the word.
韦氏大学
de·ba·cle
\dē-ˈbä-kəl, di-, -ˈba-; ÷ˈde-bə-kəl\ noun
also dé·bâ·cle \also dā-ˈbäk(lə)\
Etymology: French débâcle, from débâcler to clear, from Middle French desbacler, from des- de- + bacler to block, perhaps from Vulgar Latin *bacculare, from Latin baculum staff
Date: 1802
1. : a tumultuous breakup of ice in a river
2. : a violent disruption (as of an army) : rout
3.
a. : a great disaster
b. : a complete failure : fiasco
美国传统词典英汉
de.ba.cle
AHD:[dĭ-bäʹkəl, -băkʹəl]
D.J.[dɪˈbɑːkəl, -ˈbækəl]
K.K.[dɪˈbɑkəl, -ˈbækəl]
n.（名词）
A sudden, disastrous collapse, downfall, or defeat; a rout.
崩溃：指突然的、灾难性的倒塌、衰败或失败；溃败
A total, often ludicrous failure.
彻底失败：彻底的，常指可笑的失败
The breaking up of ice in a river.
解冻：指河里的冰破裂
A violent flood.
泛滥的洪水
```
```
语源
French débâcle
法语 débâcle
from débâcler [to unbar]
源自 débâcler [打开]
from Old French desbacler
源自 古法语 desbacler
des- [de-]
des- [前缀，表示“除去”]
bacler [to bar] from Vulgar Latin *bacculāre from Latin baculum [rod] * see bak-
bacler [闩上] 源自 俗拉丁语 *bacculāre 源自 拉丁语 baculum [棒条] *参见 bak-
```
81
peg (n.)
mid-15c., from M.Du. pegge "peg," a common Low German word (cf. Low Ger. pigge "peg," Ger. Pegel "gauge rod, watermark," M.Du. pegel "little knob used as a mark," Du. peil "gauge, watermark, standard"), of uncertain origin; perhaps from PIE *bak- "staff used as support" (see bacillus). To be a square peg in a round hole "be inappropriate for one's situation" is attested from 1836; to take someone down a peg is from 1580s, but the original literal sense is uncertain (most of the likely candidates are not attested until centuries later). Peg leg "wooden leg" attested from 1765.
Etymonline
peg
peg (v.)
"fasten with or as if on a peg," 1590s, from peg (n.). Slang sense of "identify, classify" first recorded 1920. Related: Pegged; pegging.
韦氏大学
PEG
abbreviation
polyethylene glycol
韦氏大学
peg
I. \ˈpeg\ noun
Etymology: Middle English pegge, probably from Middle Dutch
Date: 15th century
1.
a. : a small usually cylindrical pointed or tapered piece (as of wood) used to pin down or fasten things or to fit into or close holes : pin, plug
b. British : clothespin
c. : a predetermined level at which something (as a price) is fixed
2.
a. : a projecting piece used as a support or boundary marker
b. : something (as a fact or issue) used as a support, pretext, or reason
3.
a. : one of the movable wooden pegs set in the head of a stringed instrument (as a violin) that are turned to regulate the pitch of the strings — see violin illustration
b. : a step or degree especially in estimation
4. : a pointed prong or claw for catching or tearing
5. British : drink
6. : something (as a leg) resembling a peg
7. : throw; especially : a hard throw in baseball made in an attempt to put out a base runner
II. verb
(pegged ; peg·ging)
Date: 1543
transitive verb
1.
a. : to put a peg into
b. British : to pin (laundry) on a clothesline
2. : to attach or fix as if with a peg: as
a. : to pin down : restrict
b. : to fix or hold (as prices or wage increases) at a predetermined level or rate
c. : to place in a definite category : identify
3. : to mark by pegs
4. : throw
intransitive verb
1. : to work steadily and diligently — often used with away
2. : to move along vigorously or hastily : hustle
III. adjective
or pegged
Date: 1681
: wide at the top and narrow at the bottom
```
美国传统词典英汉
peg
AHD:[pĕg]
D.J.[peg]
K.K.[pɛg]
n.（名词）
A small cylindrical or tapered pin, as of wood, used to fasten things or plug a hole.
圆木栓，木钉：用来把东西锁住或打孔的圆柱状或两头渐细的木制钉
A similar pin forming a projection that may be used as a support or boundary marker.
界桩，木桩：类似的可用作支撑物或界标的形成突起的栓形物
Music One of the pins of a stringed instrument that are turned to tighten or slacken the strings so as to regulate their pitch.
【音乐】 琴栓，弦钮：用来拧紧或拧松弦以定音的弦乐器的一个乐栓
A degree or notch, as in estimation:
一刻度，一格：用于估测中的一种程度或等级：
Our opinion of him went up a few pegs after he did the dishes.
他洗完碗碟后我们对他的看法有所改善
Chiefly British A drink of liquor.
【多用于英国】 烈酒：一种酒精饮料
Baseball A low and fast throw made to put a base runner out.
【棒球】 钉子球：棒球比赛中为把跑垒员杀出局而掷出的低而快的球
Informal A leg, especially a wooden one.
【非正式用语】 木腿：尤指木制的假腿
v.（动词）
pegged, peg.ging, pegs
v.tr.（及物动词）
To fasten or plug with a peg or pegs.
钉木钉，用木钉钉牢：用一个或几个钉栓锁住或插上
To designate or mark by means of a peg or pegs.
以木栓标出：以一个或几个桩的方式指明或标出
To fix (a price) at a certain level or within a certain range.
稳定行情或价位：把（价格）限定在某一水平上或某一范围内
Informal To classify; categorize:
【非正式用语】 分类；归类：
I pegged her as an opportunist. Why do you have me pegged as the rowdy one?
我把她视为机会主义者。为什么你认为我是行为粗暴的那一类人呢
Informal To throw.
【非正式用语】 扔，投掷
v.intr.（不及物动词）
To work steadily; persist:
勤勉地工作：持续地、稳定地工作；坚持：
pegged away until our luck turned.
坚持干下去直到我们时来运转
```
习惯用语
take (someone) down a peg
To reduce the pride of; humble.
压制：压制…的傲气；贬抑
```
语源
Middle English pegge
中古英语 pegge
from Middle Dutch
源自 中古荷兰语
```
peg (n.)
mid-15c., from M.Du. pegge "peg," a common Low German word (cf. Low Ger. pigge "peg," Ger. Pegel "gauge rod, watermark," M.Du. pegel "little knob used as a mark," Du. peil "gauge, watermark, standard"), of uncertain origin; perhaps from PIE *bak- "staff used as support" (see bacillus). To be a square peg in a round hole "be inappropriate for one's situation" is attested from 1836; to take someone down a peg is from 1580s, but the original literal sense is uncertain (most of the likely candidates are not attested until centuries later). Peg leg "wooden leg" attested from 1765.
Etymonline
peg
peg (v.)
"fasten with or as if on a peg," 1590s, from peg (n.). Slang sense of "identify, classify" first recorded 1920. Related: Pegged; pegging.
韦氏大学
PEG
abbreviation
polyethylene glycol
韦氏大学
peg
I. \ˈpeg\ noun
Etymology: Middle English pegge, probably from Middle Dutch
Date: 15th century
1.
a. : a small usually cylindrical pointed or tapered piece (as of wood) used to pin down or fasten things or to fit into or close holes : pin, plug
b. British : clothespin
c. : a predetermined level at which something (as a price) is fixed
2.
a. : a projecting piece used as a support or boundary marker
b. : something (as a fact or issue) used as a support, pretext, or reason
3.
a. : one of the movable wooden pegs set in the head of a stringed instrument (as a violin) that are turned to regulate the pitch of the strings — see violin illustration
b. : a step or degree especially in estimation
4. : a pointed prong or claw for catching or tearing
5. British : drink
6. : something (as a leg) resembling a peg
7. : throw; especially : a hard throw in baseball made in an attempt to put out a base runner
II. verb
(pegged ; peg·ging)
Date: 1543
transitive verb
1.
a. : to put a peg into
b. British : to pin (laundry) on a clothesline
2. : to attach or fix as if with a peg: as
a. : to pin down : restrict
b. : to fix or hold (as prices or wage increases) at a predetermined level or rate
c. : to place in a definite category : identify
3. : to mark by pegs
4. : throw
intransitive verb
1. : to work steadily and diligently — often used with away
2. : to move along vigorously or hastily : hustle
III. adjective
or pegged
Date: 1681
: wide at the top and narrow at the bottom
```
美国传统词典英汉
peg
AHD:[pĕg]
D.J.[peg]
K.K.[pɛg]
n.（名词）
A small cylindrical or tapered pin, as of wood, used to fasten things or plug a hole.
圆木栓，木钉：用来把东西锁住或打孔的圆柱状或两头渐细的木制钉
A similar pin forming a projection that may be used as a support or boundary marker.
界桩，木桩：类似的可用作支撑物或界标的形成突起的栓形物
Music One of the pins of a stringed instrument that are turned to tighten or slacken the strings so as to regulate their pitch.
【音乐】 琴栓，弦钮：用来拧紧或拧松弦以定音的弦乐器的一个乐栓
A degree or notch, as in estimation:
一刻度，一格：用于估测中的一种程度或等级：
Our opinion of him went up a few pegs after he did the dishes.
他洗完碗碟后我们对他的看法有所改善
Chiefly British A drink of liquor.
【多用于英国】 烈酒：一种酒精饮料
Baseball A low and fast throw made to put a base runner out.
【棒球】 钉子球：棒球比赛中为把跑垒员杀出局而掷出的低而快的球
Informal A leg, especially a wooden one.
【非正式用语】 木腿：尤指木制的假腿
v.（动词）
pegged, peg.ging, pegs
v.tr.（及物动词）
To fasten or plug with a peg or pegs.
钉木钉，用木钉钉牢：用一个或几个钉栓锁住或插上
To designate or mark by means of a peg or pegs.
以木栓标出：以一个或几个桩的方式指明或标出
To fix (a price) at a certain level or within a certain range.
稳定行情或价位：把（价格）限定在某一水平上或某一范围内
Informal To classify; categorize:
【非正式用语】 分类；归类：
I pegged her as an opportunist. Why do you have me pegged as the rowdy one?
我把她视为机会主义者。为什么你认为我是行为粗暴的那一类人呢
Informal To throw.
【非正式用语】 扔，投掷
v.intr.（不及物动词）
To work steadily; persist:
勤勉地工作：持续地、稳定地工作；坚持：
pegged away until our luck turned.
坚持干下去直到我们时来运转
```
习惯用语
take (someone) down a peg
To reduce the pride of; humble.
压制：压制…的傲气；贬抑
```
语源
Middle English pegge
中古英语 pegge
from Middle Dutch
源自 中古荷兰语
```
82
bacillus
bacillus (n.)
1877, medical Latin, from L.L. bacillus "wand," lit. "little staff," dim. of baculum "a stick," from PIE root *bak- "staff," also source of Gk. bakterion (see bacteria). Introduced as a term in bacteriology 1853 by German botanist Ferdinand Cohn (1828-1898).
韦氏大学
ba·cil·lus
\bə-ˈsi-ləs\ noun
(plural ba·cil·li \-ˌlī also -lē\)
Etymology: New Latin, from Medieval Latin, small staff, rod, diminutive of Latin baculus staff, alteration of baculum
Date: circa 1879
1. : any of a genus (Bacillus) of rod-shaped gram-positive usually aerobic bacteria producing endospores and including many saprophytes and some parasites (as B. anthracis of anthrax); broadly : a straight rod-shaped bacterium
2. : bacterium; especially : a disease-producing bacterium
美国传统词典英汉
ba.cil.lus
AHD:[bə-sĭlʹəs]
D.J.[bəˈsɪləs]
K.K.[bəˈsɪləs]
n.（名词）
【复数】 ba.cil.li[-sĭlʹī'] 缩写 B.
Any of various rod-shaped, spore-forming, aerobic bacteria of the genusBacillus that often occur in chains and include Bacillus anthracis , the causative agent of anthrax.
芽孢杆菌：一种芽孢杆菌属 可生成孢子的杆状好氧细菌，经常成串地产生，包括可引起炭疽病的 炭疽杆菌
Any of various bacteria, especially a rod-shaped bacterium.
杆状细菌：一种细菌，尤指杆状细菌
```
语源
Late Latin
后期拉丁语
diminutive of Latin baculum [rod] * see bak-
拉丁语 baculum的小后缀 [杆] *参见 bak-
```
bacillus
bacillus (n.)
1877, medical Latin, from L.L. bacillus "wand," lit. "little staff," dim. of baculum "a stick," from PIE root *bak- "staff," also source of Gk. bakterion (see bacteria). Introduced as a term in bacteriology 1853 by German botanist Ferdinand Cohn (1828-1898).
韦氏大学
ba·cil·lus
\bə-ˈsi-ləs\ noun
(plural ba·cil·li \-ˌlī also -lē\)
Etymology: New Latin, from Medieval Latin, small staff, rod, diminutive of Latin baculus staff, alteration of baculum
Date: circa 1879
1. : any of a genus (Bacillus) of rod-shaped gram-positive usually aerobic bacteria producing endospores and including many saprophytes and some parasites (as B. anthracis of anthrax); broadly : a straight rod-shaped bacterium
2. : bacterium; especially : a disease-producing bacterium
美国传统词典英汉
ba.cil.lus
AHD:[bə-sĭlʹəs]
D.J.[bəˈsɪləs]
K.K.[bəˈsɪləs]
n.（名词）
【复数】 ba.cil.li[-sĭlʹī'] 缩写 B.
Any of various rod-shaped, spore-forming, aerobic bacteria of the genusBacillus that often occur in chains and include Bacillus anthracis , the causative agent of anthrax.
芽孢杆菌：一种芽孢杆菌属 可生成孢子的杆状好氧细菌，经常成串地产生，包括可引起炭疽病的 炭疽杆菌
Any of various bacteria, especially a rod-shaped bacterium.
杆状细菌：一种细菌，尤指杆状细菌
```
语源
Late Latin
后期拉丁语
diminutive of Latin baculum [rod] * see bak-
拉丁语 baculum的小后缀 [杆] *参见 bak-
```
83
```
bac.u.li.form
AHD:[băkʹyə-lə-fôrm', bə-ky›ʹlə-]
D.J.[ˈbækjələˌfɔːm, bəˈkjuːlə-]
K.K.[ˈbækjələˌfɔrm, bəˈkjulə-]
adj.（形容词）
Rod-shaped.
杆状的
```
```
语源
Latin baculum [stick] * see bak-
拉丁语 baculum [枝条，棍棒] *参见 bak-
-form
-form
```
```
bac.u.li.form
AHD:[băkʹyə-lə-fôrm', bə-ky›ʹlə-]
D.J.[ˈbækjələˌfɔːm, bəˈkjuːlə-]
K.K.[ˈbækjələˌfɔrm, bəˈkjulə-]
adj.（形容词）
Rod-shaped.
杆状的
```
```
语源
Latin baculum [stick] * see bak-
拉丁语 baculum [枝条，棍棒] *参见 bak-
-form
-form
```
84
1550s, "line of battle in close ranks," from L. phalanx "compact body of heavily armed men in battle array," or directly from Gk. phalanx (gen. phalangos) "line of battle, battle array," also "finger or toe bone," originally "round piece of wood, trunk, log," of unknown origin, perhaps from PIE root *bhelg- "plank, beam" (cf. O.E. balca "balk;" see balk). The Macedonian phalanx consisted of 50 close files of 16 men each. In anatomy, originally the whole row of finger joints, which fit together like infantry in close order. Figurative sense of "number of persons banded together in a common cause" is attested from 1600 (cf. Sp. Falangist, member of a fascist organization founded in 1933).
韦氏大学
pha·lanx
\ˈfā-ˌlaŋ(k)s, Britain usually ˈfa-\ noun
(plural pha·lanx·es or pha·lan·ges \fə-ˈlan-(ˌ)jēz, fā-, ˈfā-ˌ, Britain usually fa-\)
Etymology: Latin phalang-, phalanx, from Greek, battle line, digital bone, literally, log — more at balk
Date: 1553
1. : a body of heavily armed infantry in ancient Greece formed in close deep ranks and files; broadly : a body of troops in close array
2. plural phalanges : one of the digital bones of the hand or foot of a vertebrate
3. plural usually phalanxes
a. : a massed arrangement of persons, animals, or things
b. : an organized body of persons
美国传统词典英汉
pha.lanx
AHD:[fāʹlăngks', fălʹăngks']
D.J.[ˈfeɪˌlæŋks, ˈfælˌæŋks]
K.K.[ˈfeˌlæŋks, ˈfælˌæŋks]
n.（名词）
【复数】 pha.lanx.es 或 pha.lan.ges [fə-lănʹjēz, fā-]
A compact or close-knit body of people:
密集的人群：紧密或密集的人群：
“formed a solid phalanx in defense of the Constitution and Protestant religion”(G.M. Trevelyan)
“为维护宪法与新教而组成的牢不可破的人阵”(G.M.特里维廉)
A formation of infantry carrying overlapping shields and long spears, developed by Philip II of Macedon and used by Alexander the Great.
步兵方阵：举着搭接着的盾牌和长矛的步兵队伍，由马其顿的菲利普二世发明，被亚历山大大帝使用
pl. phalanges Anatomy A bone of a finger or toe.Also called phalange
【复数】 phalanges 【解剖学】 指骨，趾骨也作 phalange
See phalanstery
参见 phalanstery
```
语源
Latin phalanx phalang-
拉丁语 phalanx phalang-
from Greek
源自 希腊语
```
1550s, "line of battle in close ranks," from L. phalanx "compact body of heavily armed men in battle array," or directly from Gk. phalanx (gen. phalangos) "line of battle, battle array," also "finger or toe bone," originally "round piece of wood, trunk, log," of unknown origin, perhaps from PIE root *bhelg- "plank, beam" (cf. O.E. balca "balk;" see balk). The Macedonian phalanx consisted of 50 close files of 16 men each. In anatomy, originally the whole row of finger joints, which fit together like infantry in close order. Figurative sense of "number of persons banded together in a common cause" is attested from 1600 (cf. Sp. Falangist, member of a fascist organization founded in 1933).
韦氏大学
pha·lanx
\ˈfā-ˌlaŋ(k)s, Britain usually ˈfa-\ noun
(plural pha·lanx·es or pha·lan·ges \fə-ˈlan-(ˌ)jēz, fā-, ˈfā-ˌ, Britain usually fa-\)
Etymology: Latin phalang-, phalanx, from Greek, battle line, digital bone, literally, log — more at balk
Date: 1553
1. : a body of heavily armed infantry in ancient Greece formed in close deep ranks and files; broadly : a body of troops in close array
2. plural phalanges : one of the digital bones of the hand or foot of a vertebrate
3. plural usually phalanxes
a. : a massed arrangement of persons, animals, or things
b. : an organized body of persons
美国传统词典英汉
pha.lanx
AHD:[fāʹlăngks', fălʹăngks']
D.J.[ˈfeɪˌlæŋks, ˈfælˌæŋks]
K.K.[ˈfeˌlæŋks, ˈfælˌæŋks]
n.（名词）
【复数】 pha.lanx.es 或 pha.lan.ges [fə-lănʹjēz, fā-]
A compact or close-knit body of people:
密集的人群：紧密或密集的人群：
“formed a solid phalanx in defense of the Constitution and Protestant religion”(G.M. Trevelyan)
“为维护宪法与新教而组成的牢不可破的人阵”(G.M.特里维廉)
A formation of infantry carrying overlapping shields and long spears, developed by Philip II of Macedon and used by Alexander the Great.
步兵方阵：举着搭接着的盾牌和长矛的步兵队伍，由马其顿的菲利普二世发明，被亚历山大大帝使用
pl. phalanges Anatomy A bone of a finger or toe.Also called phalange
【复数】 phalanges 【解剖学】 指骨，趾骨也作 phalange
See phalanstery
参见 phalanstery
```
语源
Latin phalanx phalang-
拉丁语 phalanx phalang-
from Greek
源自 希腊语
```
85
fulcrum (n.)
1670s, "a prop, a support" (on which a lever turns), from L. fulcrum "bedpost," from fulcire "to prop up, support" (see balk).
韦氏大学
ful·crum
\ˈfu̇l-krəm, ˈfəl-\ noun
(plural fulcrums or ful·cra \-krə\)
Etymology: Late Latin, from Latin, bedpost, from fulcire to prop — more at balk
Date: 1668
1.
a. : prop; specifically : the support about which a lever turns
b. : one that supplies capability for action
2. : a part of an animal that serves as a hinge or support
美国传统词典英汉
ful.crum
AHD:[f‹lʹkrəm, fŭlʹ-]
D.J.[ˈfʊlkrəm, ˈfʌl-]
K.K.[ˈfʊlkrəm, ˈfʌl-]
n.（名词）
【复数】 ful.crums 或 ful.cra [-krə]
The point or support on which a lever pivots.
支点：杠杆的支点或支轴
Zoology An anatomical structure that acts as a hinge or a point of support.
【动物学】 转节：解剖学上用作支点或转节的结构
An agent through which vital powers are exercised.
支柱，支持物：生命力赖以释放的动原
```
语源
Latin [bedpost]
拉丁语 [床栓]
from fulcīre [to support]
源自 fulcīre [支撑]
```
fulcrum (n.)
1670s, "a prop, a support" (on which a lever turns), from L. fulcrum "bedpost," from fulcire "to prop up, support" (see balk).
韦氏大学
ful·crum
\ˈfu̇l-krəm, ˈfəl-\ noun
(plural fulcrums or ful·cra \-krə\)
Etymology: Late Latin, from Latin, bedpost, from fulcire to prop — more at balk
Date: 1668
1.
a. : prop; specifically : the support about which a lever turns
b. : one that supplies capability for action
2. : a part of an animal that serves as a hinge or support
美国传统词典英汉
ful.crum
AHD:[f‹lʹkrəm, fŭlʹ-]
D.J.[ˈfʊlkrəm, ˈfʌl-]
K.K.[ˈfʊlkrəm, ˈfʌl-]
n.（名词）
【复数】 ful.crums 或 ful.cra [-krə]
The point or support on which a lever pivots.
支点：杠杆的支点或支轴
Zoology An anatomical structure that acts as a hinge or a point of support.
【动物学】 转节：解剖学上用作支点或转节的结构
An agent through which vital powers are exercised.
支柱，支持物：生命力赖以释放的动原
```
语源
Latin [bedpost]
拉丁语 [床栓]
from fulcīre [to support]
源自 fulcīre [支撑]
```
86
```
Etymonline
debauch
debauch (v.)
1590s, from M.Fr. débaucher "entice from work or duty," from O.Fr. desbaucher "to lead astray," supposedly lit. "to trim (wood) to make a beam" (from bauch "beam," from Frankish balk; from the same Germanic source that yielded English balk). A sense of "shaving" something away, perhaps, but the root is also said to be a word meaning "workshop," which gets toward the notion of "to lure someone off the job;" either way the sense evolution is unclear.
韦氏大学
de·bauch
I. \di-ˈbȯch, -ˈbäch, dē-\ transitive verb
Etymology: Middle French debaucher, from Old French desbauchier to scatter, disperse, from des- de- + bauch beam, of Germanic origin; akin to Old High German balko beam — more at balk
Date: 1595
1.
a. archaic : to make disloyal
b. : to seduce from chastity
2.
a. : to lead away from virtue or excellence
b. : to corrupt by intemperance or sensuality
Synonyms: see debase
• de·bauch·er noun
II. noun
Date: 1603
1. : an act or occasion of debauchery
2. : orgy
美国传统词典英汉
de.bauch
AHD:[dĭ-bôchʹ]
D.J.[dɪˈbɔːtʃ]
K.K.[dɪˈbɔtʃ]
v.（动词）
de.bauched, de.bauch.ing, de.bauch.es
v.tr.（及物动词）
To corrupt morally.
道德上腐败
To lead away from excellence or virtue.
舍弃长处或优点
To reduce the value, quality, or excellence of; debase.See Synonyms at corrupt
贬低：降低…的价值、质量或优点；贬低参见 corrupt
Archaic To cause to forsake allegiance.
【古语】 使不忠
v.intr.（不及物动词）
To indulge in dissipation.
放荡不羁
n.（名词）
The act or a period of debauchery.
淫逸放荡的行为或时期
An orgy.
纵欲
```
```
语源
French débaucher
法语 débaucher
from Old French desbauchier [to lead astray, roughhew timber]
源自 古法语 desbauchier [使入歧途，粗糙的木料]
des- [de-]
des- [前缀，表“降低，贬”]
bauch [beam]
bauch [横梁]
[of Germanic origin]
[日耳曼语的词源]
```
继承用法
debauchʹedly AHD:[-bôʹchĭd-lē] （副词）
debauchʹer n.（名词）
```
Etymonline
debauch
debauch (v.)
1590s, from M.Fr. débaucher "entice from work or duty," from O.Fr. desbaucher "to lead astray," supposedly lit. "to trim (wood) to make a beam" (from bauch "beam," from Frankish balk; from the same Germanic source that yielded English balk). A sense of "shaving" something away, perhaps, but the root is also said to be a word meaning "workshop," which gets toward the notion of "to lure someone off the job;" either way the sense evolution is unclear.
韦氏大学
de·bauch
I. \di-ˈbȯch, -ˈbäch, dē-\ transitive verb
Etymology: Middle French debaucher, from Old French desbauchier to scatter, disperse, from des- de- + bauch beam, of Germanic origin; akin to Old High German balko beam — more at balk
Date: 1595
1.
a. archaic : to make disloyal
b. : to seduce from chastity
2.
a. : to lead away from virtue or excellence
b. : to corrupt by intemperance or sensuality
Synonyms: see debase
• de·bauch·er noun
II. noun
Date: 1603
1. : an act or occasion of debauchery
2. : orgy
美国传统词典英汉
de.bauch
AHD:[dĭ-bôchʹ]
D.J.[dɪˈbɔːtʃ]
K.K.[dɪˈbɔtʃ]
v.（动词）
de.bauched, de.bauch.ing, de.bauch.es
v.tr.（及物动词）
To corrupt morally.
道德上腐败
To lead away from excellence or virtue.
舍弃长处或优点
To reduce the value, quality, or excellence of; debase.See Synonyms at corrupt
贬低：降低…的价值、质量或优点；贬低参见 corrupt
Archaic To cause to forsake allegiance.
【古语】 使不忠
v.intr.（不及物动词）
To indulge in dissipation.
放荡不羁
n.（名词）
The act or a period of debauchery.
淫逸放荡的行为或时期
An orgy.
纵欲
```
```
语源
French débaucher
法语 débaucher
from Old French desbauchier [to lead astray, roughhew timber]
源自 古法语 desbauchier [使入歧途，粗糙的木料]
des- [de-]
des- [前缀，表“降低，贬”]
bauch [beam]
bauch [横梁]
[of Germanic origin]
[日耳曼语的词源]
```
继承用法
debauchʹedly AHD:[-bôʹchĭd-lē] （副词）
debauchʹer n.（名词）
87
baluster (n.)
"support for a railing," c.1600, from Fr. balustre, from It. balaustro "pillar," from balausta "flower of the wild pomegranate," from Gk. balaustion (perhaps of Semitic origin, cf. Aramaic balatz "flower of the wild pomegranate"). Staircase uprights had lyre-like double curves, like the calyx tube of the pomegranate flower.
韦氏大学
bal·us·ter
\ˈba-lə-stər\ noun
Etymology: French balustre, from Italian balaustro, from balaustra wild pomegranate flower, from Latin balaustium, from Greek balaustion; from its shape
Date: 1602
1. : an object or vertical member (as the leg of a table, a round in a chair back, or the stem of a glass) having a vaselike or turned outline
2. : an upright often vase-shaped support for a rail
美国传统词典英汉
bal.us.ter
AHD:[bălʹə-stər]
D.J.[ˈbæləstə]
K.K.[ˈbæləstɚ]
n.（名词）
One of the upright, usually rounded or vase-shaped supports of a balustrade.
栏杆柱：一种直立的，通常为圆形或花瓶形的栏杆支撑物
An upright support, such as a furniture leg, having a similar shape.
支柱：一种直立的具有相似形状的支撑物，如家具腿
One of the supporting posts of a handrail.
扶栏支柱
```
语源
French balustre
法语 balustre
from Italian balaustro
源自 意大利语 balaustro
from balaustra [pomegranate flower (from a resemblance to the post)]
源自 balaustra [石榴花（因与柱杆相似而得名）]
from Latin balaustium
源自 拉丁语 balaustium
from Greek balaustion
源自 希腊语 balaustion
```
baluster (n.)
"support for a railing," c.1600, from Fr. balustre, from It. balaustro "pillar," from balausta "flower of the wild pomegranate," from Gk. balaustion (perhaps of Semitic origin, cf. Aramaic balatz "flower of the wild pomegranate"). Staircase uprights had lyre-like double curves, like the calyx tube of the pomegranate flower.
韦氏大学
bal·us·ter
\ˈba-lə-stər\ noun
Etymology: French balustre, from Italian balaustro, from balaustra wild pomegranate flower, from Latin balaustium, from Greek balaustion; from its shape
Date: 1602
1. : an object or vertical member (as the leg of a table, a round in a chair back, or the stem of a glass) having a vaselike or turned outline
2. : an upright often vase-shaped support for a rail
美国传统词典英汉
bal.us.ter
AHD:[bălʹə-stər]
D.J.[ˈbæləstə]
K.K.[ˈbæləstɚ]
n.（名词）
One of the upright, usually rounded or vase-shaped supports of a balustrade.
栏杆柱：一种直立的，通常为圆形或花瓶形的栏杆支撑物
An upright support, such as a furniture leg, having a similar shape.
支柱：一种直立的具有相似形状的支撑物，如家具腿
One of the supporting posts of a handrail.
扶栏支柱
```
语源
French balustre
法语 balustre
from Italian balaustro
源自 意大利语 balaustro
from balaustra [pomegranate flower (from a resemblance to the post)]
源自 balaustra [石榴花（因与柱杆相似而得名）]
from Latin balaustium
源自 拉丁语 balaustium
from Greek balaustion
源自 希腊语 balaustion
```
88
balk (n.)
O.E. balca "ridge, bank," from or influenced by O.N. balkr "ridge of land," especially between two plowed furrows, both from P.Gmc. *balkan-, *belkan- (cf. O.S. balko, Dan. bjelke, O.Fris. balka, O.H.G. balcho, Ger. Balken "beam, rafter"), from PIE *bhelg- "beam, plank" (cf. L. fulcire "to prop up, support," fulcrum "bedpost;" Lith. balziena "cross-bar;" and possibly Gk. phalanx "trunk, log, line of battle"). Modern senses are figurative, representing the balk as a hindrance or obstruction (see balk (v.)). Baseball sense is first attested 1845.
Etymonline
balk
balk (v.)
late 14c., "to leave an unplowed ridge when plowing," from balk (n.). Extended meaning "to omit, intentionally neglect" is mid-15c. Most modern senses are figurative, from the notion of a balk in the fields as a hindrance or obstruction: sense of "stop short" (as a horse confronted with an obstacle) is late 15c.; that of "to refuse" is 1580s. Related: Balked; balking.
韦氏大学
balk
I. \ˈbȯk sometimes ˈbȯlk\ noun
Etymology: Middle English balke, from Old English balca; akin to Old High German balko beam, Latin fulcire to prop, Greek phalanx log, phalanx
Date: before 12th century
1. : a ridge of land left unplowed as a dividing line or through carelessness
2. : beam, rafter
3. : hindrance, check
4.
a. : the space behind the balkline on a billiard table
b. : any of the outside divisions made by the balklines
5. : failure of a player to complete a motion; especially : an illegal motion of the pitcher in baseball while in position
II. verb
Date: 15th century
transitive verb
1. archaic : to pass over or by
2. : to check or stop by or as if by an obstacle : block
intransitive verb
1. : to stop short and refuse to proceed
2. : to refuse abruptly — used with at
```
3. : to commit a balk in sports
Synonyms: see frustrate
• balk·er noun
美国传统词典英汉
balk 也作 baulk
AHD:[bôk]
D.J.[bɔːk]
K.K.[bɔk]
v.（动词）
balked 也作 baulked balk.ing baulk.ing balks baulks
v.intr.（不及物动词）
To stop short and refuse to go on:
突然停止并拒绝前进：
The horse balked at the jump.
这匹马突然停下来不前进
To refuse obstinately or abruptly:
拒绝：固执地或突然地拒绝：
She balked at the very idea of compromise.
她固执地拒绝妥协的想法
Sports To make an incomplete or misleading motion.
【体育运动】 做假动作：做不完全或误导的动作
Baseball To make an illegal motion before pitching, allowing one or more base runners to advance one base.
【棒球】 做犯规的假动作：在投球之前做出非法动作，使得一个或多个跑垒员前进一个垒位
v.tr.（及物动词）
To put obstacles in the way of; check or thwart.See Synonyms at frustrate
阻碍，阻挠：在路上放障碍物；阻碍或使受挫参见 frustrate
Archaic To let go by; miss.
【古语】 放过；失去
n.（名词）
A hindrance, check, or defeat.
障碍、阻碍或挫折
Sports An incomplete or misleading motion, especially an illegal move made by a baseball pitcher.
【体育运动】 非法假动作：不完全的或误导的动作，尤指棒球投手做出的非法动作
Games One of the spaces between the cushion and the balk line on a billiard table.
【游戏】 开球区：台球桌的橡皮边和阻碍线之间的空间之一
An unplowed strip of land.
未犁之地：土地的未耕带
A ridge between furrows.
垄：沟与沟之间的垄
A wooden beam or rafter.
横梁：木头梁或椽子
```
```
语源
Middle English balken [to plow up in ridges]
中古英语 balken [耕犁出垄]
from balk [ridge]
源自 balk [垄]
from Old English balca
源自 古英语 balca
and from Old Norse balkr [beam]
并源自 古斯堪的纳维亚语 balkr [横梁]
```
继承用法
balkʹer n.（名词）
balk (n.)
O.E. balca "ridge, bank," from or influenced by O.N. balkr "ridge of land," especially between two plowed furrows, both from P.Gmc. *balkan-, *belkan- (cf. O.S. balko, Dan. bjelke, O.Fris. balka, O.H.G. balcho, Ger. Balken "beam, rafter"), from PIE *bhelg- "beam, plank" (cf. L. fulcire "to prop up, support," fulcrum "bedpost;" Lith. balziena "cross-bar;" and possibly Gk. phalanx "trunk, log, line of battle"). Modern senses are figurative, representing the balk as a hindrance or obstruction (see balk (v.)). Baseball sense is first attested 1845.
Etymonline
balk
balk (v.)
late 14c., "to leave an unplowed ridge when plowing," from balk (n.). Extended meaning "to omit, intentionally neglect" is mid-15c. Most modern senses are figurative, from the notion of a balk in the fields as a hindrance or obstruction: sense of "stop short" (as a horse confronted with an obstacle) is late 15c.; that of "to refuse" is 1580s. Related: Balked; balking.
韦氏大学
balk
I. \ˈbȯk sometimes ˈbȯlk\ noun
Etymology: Middle English balke, from Old English balca; akin to Old High German balko beam, Latin fulcire to prop, Greek phalanx log, phalanx
Date: before 12th century
1. : a ridge of land left unplowed as a dividing line or through carelessness
2. : beam, rafter
3. : hindrance, check
4.
a. : the space behind the balkline on a billiard table
b. : any of the outside divisions made by the balklines
5. : failure of a player to complete a motion; especially : an illegal motion of the pitcher in baseball while in position
II. verb
Date: 15th century
transitive verb
1. archaic : to pass over or by
2. : to check or stop by or as if by an obstacle : block
intransitive verb
1. : to stop short and refuse to proceed
2. : to refuse abruptly — used with at
```
3. : to commit a balk in sports
Synonyms: see frustrate
• balk·er noun
美国传统词典英汉
balk 也作 baulk
AHD:[bôk]
D.J.[bɔːk]
K.K.[bɔk]
v.（动词）
balked 也作 baulked balk.ing baulk.ing balks baulks
v.intr.（不及物动词）
To stop short and refuse to go on:
突然停止并拒绝前进：
The horse balked at the jump.
这匹马突然停下来不前进
To refuse obstinately or abruptly:
拒绝：固执地或突然地拒绝：
She balked at the very idea of compromise.
她固执地拒绝妥协的想法
Sports To make an incomplete or misleading motion.
【体育运动】 做假动作：做不完全或误导的动作
Baseball To make an illegal motion before pitching, allowing one or more base runners to advance one base.
【棒球】 做犯规的假动作：在投球之前做出非法动作，使得一个或多个跑垒员前进一个垒位
v.tr.（及物动词）
To put obstacles in the way of; check or thwart.See Synonyms at frustrate
阻碍，阻挠：在路上放障碍物；阻碍或使受挫参见 frustrate
Archaic To let go by; miss.
【古语】 放过；失去
n.（名词）
A hindrance, check, or defeat.
障碍、阻碍或挫折
Sports An incomplete or misleading motion, especially an illegal move made by a baseball pitcher.
【体育运动】 非法假动作：不完全的或误导的动作，尤指棒球投手做出的非法动作
Games One of the spaces between the cushion and the balk line on a billiard table.
【游戏】 开球区：台球桌的橡皮边和阻碍线之间的空间之一
An unplowed strip of land.
未犁之地：土地的未耕带
A ridge between furrows.
垄：沟与沟之间的垄
A wooden beam or rafter.
横梁：木头梁或椽子
```
```
语源
Middle English balken [to plow up in ridges]
中古英语 balken [耕犁出垄]
from balk [ridge]
源自 balk [垄]
from Old English balca
源自 古英语 balca
and from Old Norse balkr [beam]
并源自 古斯堪的纳维亚语 balkr [横梁]
```
继承用法
balkʹer n.（名词）
89
1859, "action of barring; man-made barrier in a stream," from Fr. barrer "to stop," from barre "bar," from O.Fr. barre (see bar (n.1)). Artillery sense is 1916, from World War I French phrase tir de barrage "barrier fire" intended to isolate the objective. As a verb by 1917. Related: Barraged; barraging.
韦氏大学
bar·rage
I. \ˈbär-ij\ noun
Etymology: French, from barrer to bar, from barre bar
Date: 1845
: a dam placed in a watercourse to increase the depth of water or to divert it into a channel for navigation or irrigation
II. \bə-ˈräzh, -ˈräj\ noun
Etymology: French (tir de) barrage barrier fire
Date: 1916
1. : artillery fire laid on a line close to friendly troops to screen and protect them
2. : a vigorous or rapid outpouring or projection of many things at once
III. \bə-ˈräzh, -ˈräj\ transitive verb
(bar·raged ; bar·rag·ing)
Date: 1918
: to deliver a barrage against
美国传统词典英汉
barrage 1
AHD:[bärʹĭj]
D.J.[ˈbɑːrɪdʒ]
K.K.[ˈbɑrɪdʒ]
n.（名词）
An artificial obstruction, such as a dam or an irrigation channel, built in a watercourse to increase its depth or to divert its flow.
堰：一种人工障碍物，如一大坝或一灌溉渠，建在水道里以增加其深度或分流
```
语源
French
法语
from barrer [to bar]
源自 barrer [阻挡，关住]
from barre [bar]
源自 barre [阻碍]
from Old French * see bar 1
源自 古法语 *参见 bar1
barrage 2
AHD:[bə-räzhʹ]
D.J.[bəˈrɑːʒ]
K.K.[bəˈrɑʒ]
n.（名词）
A heavy curtain of artillery fire directed in front of friendly troops to screen and protect them.
弹幕：友军前方的密集火力网，以遮蔽和掩护队伍
A rapid, concentrated discharge of missiles, as from small arms.
齐射式的攻击：一阵急促的、目的集中的弹火，如轻武器的火力
An overwhelming, concentrated outpouring, as of words:
连续质问：有压倒之势的、集中的倾泻，如言语：
a barrage of criticism.
接二连三的一大堆批评
v.tr.（及物动词）
bar.raged, bar.rag.ing, bar.rag.es
To direct a barrage at.
以密集的火力进攻
```
语源
French (tir de) barrage [barrier (fire)] * see barrage 1
法语 (tir de) barrage [屏障（火）] *参见 barrage1
```
参考词汇
barrage, bombard, pepper, shower
The central meaning shared by these verbs is “to direct a concentrated outpouring, as of missiles or words, at something or someone”:
这些动词的中心意思都是“对某事或某人给予集中的倾泻，如导弹或语言”：
barraging the speaker with questions;
接二连三地向演讲者提出问题；
bombarded the box office with ticket orders;
票房里堆满了订票单；
peppered the senator with protests;
抗议书雨点般地指向了这个参议员；
showered the child with gifts.
送给孩子大量的礼物
```
1859, "action of barring; man-made barrier in a stream," from Fr. barrer "to stop," from barre "bar," from O.Fr. barre (see bar (n.1)). Artillery sense is 1916, from World War I French phrase tir de barrage "barrier fire" intended to isolate the objective. As a verb by 1917. Related: Barraged; barraging.
韦氏大学
bar·rage
I. \ˈbär-ij\ noun
Etymology: French, from barrer to bar, from barre bar
Date: 1845
: a dam placed in a watercourse to increase the depth of water or to divert it into a channel for navigation or irrigation
II. \bə-ˈräzh, -ˈräj\ noun
Etymology: French (tir de) barrage barrier fire
Date: 1916
1. : artillery fire laid on a line close to friendly troops to screen and protect them
2. : a vigorous or rapid outpouring or projection of many things at once
III. \bə-ˈräzh, -ˈräj\ transitive verb
(bar·raged ; bar·rag·ing)
Date: 1918
: to deliver a barrage against
美国传统词典英汉
barrage 1
AHD:[bärʹĭj]
D.J.[ˈbɑːrɪdʒ]
K.K.[ˈbɑrɪdʒ]
n.（名词）
An artificial obstruction, such as a dam or an irrigation channel, built in a watercourse to increase its depth or to divert its flow.
堰：一种人工障碍物，如一大坝或一灌溉渠，建在水道里以增加其深度或分流
```
语源
French
法语
from barrer [to bar]
源自 barrer [阻挡，关住]
from barre [bar]
源自 barre [阻碍]
from Old French * see bar 1
源自 古法语 *参见 bar1
barrage 2
AHD:[bə-räzhʹ]
D.J.[bəˈrɑːʒ]
K.K.[bəˈrɑʒ]
n.（名词）
A heavy curtain of artillery fire directed in front of friendly troops to screen and protect them.
弹幕：友军前方的密集火力网，以遮蔽和掩护队伍
A rapid, concentrated discharge of missiles, as from small arms.
齐射式的攻击：一阵急促的、目的集中的弹火，如轻武器的火力
An overwhelming, concentrated outpouring, as of words:
连续质问：有压倒之势的、集中的倾泻，如言语：
a barrage of criticism.
接二连三的一大堆批评
v.tr.（及物动词）
bar.raged, bar.rag.ing, bar.rag.es
To direct a barrage at.
以密集的火力进攻
```
语源
French (tir de) barrage [barrier (fire)] * see barrage 1
法语 (tir de) barrage [屏障（火）] *参见 barrage1
```
参考词汇
barrage, bombard, pepper, shower
The central meaning shared by these verbs is “to direct a concentrated outpouring, as of missiles or words, at something or someone”:
这些动词的中心意思都是“对某事或某人给予集中的倾泻，如导弹或语言”：
barraging the speaker with questions;
接二连三地向演讲者提出问题；
bombarded the box office with ticket orders;
票房里堆满了订票单；
peppered the senator with protests;
抗议书雨点般地指向了这个参议员；
showered the child with gifts.
送给孩子大量的礼物
```
90
```
crook·ed
\ˈkru̇-kəd\ adjective
Date: 13th century
1. : not straight
```
2. : dishonest
```
• crook·ed·ly adverb
• crook·ed·ness noun
美国传统词典英汉
crook.ed
AHD:[kr‹kʹĭd]
D.J.[ˈkrʊkɪd]
K.K.[ˈkrʊkɪd]
adj.（形容词）
Having or marked by bends, curves, or angles.
弯曲的：有弯曲、拐弯或角度的、或以此为特征的
Informal Dishonest or unscrupulous; fraudulent.
【非正式用语】 不老实，无耻的；诈骗的
```
继承用法
crookʹedly adv.（副词）
crookʹedness n.（名词）
```
crook·ed
\ˈkru̇-kəd\ adjective
Date: 13th century
1. : not straight
```
2. : dishonest
```
• crook·ed·ly adverb
• crook·ed·ness noun
美国传统词典英汉
crook.ed
AHD:[kr‹kʹĭd]
D.J.[ˈkrʊkɪd]
K.K.[ˈkrʊkɪd]
adj.（形容词）
Having or marked by bends, curves, or angles.
弯曲的：有弯曲、拐弯或角度的、或以此为特征的
Informal Dishonest or unscrupulous; fraudulent.
【非正式用语】 不老实，无耻的；诈骗的
```
继承用法
crookʹedly adv.（副词）
crookʹedness n.（名词）
91
scrupulous (adj.)
mid-15c., from Anglo-Fr. scrupulus, O.Fr. scrupulos (Mod.Fr. scrupuleux) or directly from L. scrupulosus, from scrupulus (see scruple). Related: Scrupulously.
韦氏大学
scru·pu·lous
\ˈskrü-pyə-ləs\ adjective
Etymology: Middle English, from Latin scrupulosus, from scrupulus
Date: 15th century
1. : having moral integrity : acting in strict regard for what is considered right or proper
2. : punctiliously exact : painstaking
```
Synonyms: see upright, careful
• scru·pu·lous·ly adverb
• scru·pu·lous·ness noun
美国传统词典英汉
scru.pu.lous
AHD:[skr›ʹpyə-ləs]
D.J.[ˈskruːpjələs]
K.K.[ˈskrupjələs]
adj.（形容词）
Conscientious and exact; painstaking.See Synonyms at meticulous
严谨的：细致的和认真严格的；一丝不苟参见 meticulous
Having scruples; principled.
良心不安的；有顾虑的
```
```
语源
Middle English
中古英语
from Old French scrupuleux
源自 古法语 scrupuleux
from Latin scrūpulōsus
源自 拉丁语 scrūpulōsus
from scrūpulus [scruple] * see scruple
源自 scrūpulus [顾虑] *参见 scruple
```
继承用法
scru'pulosʹity AHD:[-lŏsʹĭ-tē] 或 scruʹpu.lous.ness [-ləs-nĭs] （名词）
scruʹpulously adv.（副词）
scrupulous (adj.)
mid-15c., from Anglo-Fr. scrupulus, O.Fr. scrupulos (Mod.Fr. scrupuleux) or directly from L. scrupulosus, from scrupulus (see scruple). Related: Scrupulously.
韦氏大学
scru·pu·lous
\ˈskrü-pyə-ləs\ adjective
Etymology: Middle English, from Latin scrupulosus, from scrupulus
Date: 15th century
1. : having moral integrity : acting in strict regard for what is considered right or proper
2. : punctiliously exact : painstaking
```
Synonyms: see upright, careful
• scru·pu·lous·ly adverb
• scru·pu·lous·ness noun
美国传统词典英汉
scru.pu.lous
AHD:[skr›ʹpyə-ləs]
D.J.[ˈskruːpjələs]
K.K.[ˈskrupjələs]
adj.（形容词）
Conscientious and exact; painstaking.See Synonyms at meticulous
严谨的：细致的和认真严格的；一丝不苟参见 meticulous
Having scruples; principled.
良心不安的；有顾虑的
```
```
语源
Middle English
中古英语
from Old French scrupuleux
源自 古法语 scrupuleux
from Latin scrūpulōsus
源自 拉丁语 scrūpulōsus
from scrūpulus [scruple] * see scruple
源自 scrūpulus [顾虑] *参见 scruple
```
继承用法
scru'pulosʹity AHD:[-lŏsʹĭ-tē] 或 scruʹpu.lous.ness [-ləs-nĭs] （名词）
scruʹpulously adv.（副词）
92
"moral misgiving, pang of conscience," late 14c., from O.Fr. scrupule (14c.), from L. scrupulus "uneasiness, anxiety, pricking of conscience," lit. "small sharp stone," dim. of scrupus "sharp stone or pebble," used figuratively by Cicero for a cause of uneasiness or anxiety, probably from the notion of having a pebble in one's shoe. A more literal Latin sense of "small unit of weight or measurement" is attested in English from late 14c.
Etymonline
scruple
scruple (v.)
"to have or make scruples," 1620s, from scruple (n.). Related: Scrupled; scrupling.
韦氏大学
scru·ple
I. \ˈskrü-pəl\ noun
Etymology: Middle English scrupil, scriple, from Anglo-French scruple, from Latin scrupulus a unit of weight, diminutive of scrupus sharp stone
Date: 14th century
1. — see weight table
2. : a minute part or quantity : iota
II. noun
Etymology: Middle English scripil, scrupill, from Anglo-French scruble, from Latin scrupulus, diminutive of scrupus source of uneasiness, literally, sharp stone
Date: 15th century
1. : an ethical consideration or principle that inhibits action
2. : the quality or state of being scrupulous
3. : mental reservation
Synonyms: see qualm
III. intransitive verb
(scru·pled ; scru·pling \-p(ə-)liŋ\)
Date: 1627
1. : to have scruples
2. : to show reluctance on grounds of conscience : hesitate
美国传统词典英汉
scru.ple
AHD:[skr›ʹpəl]
D.J.[ˈskruːpəl]
K.K.[ˈskrupəl]
n.（名词）
An uneasy feeling arising from conscience or principle that tends to hinder action.See Synonyms at qualm
顾虑：在良心或原则上的不安而使行动受阻参见 qualm
Abbr. sc.,scr.A unit of apothecary weight equal to about 1.3 grams, or 20 grains.
缩写 sc.,scr.吩：一种药衡单位，重量等于1.3克或者20格令
A minute part or amount.
微小，微量
v.intr.（不及物动词）
scru.pled, scru.pling, scru.ples
To hesitate as a result of conscience or principle:
迟疑：因良心或原则上的原因而犹豫：
“A man who could make so vile a pun would not scruple to pick a pocket”(John Dennis)
“一个能说出如此恶劣双关语的人，是不会对偷窃钱包感到不安的”(约翰·丹尼斯)
语源
Middle English scrupul
中古英语 scrupul
from Old French scrupule
源自 古法语 scrupule
from Latin scrūpulus [small unit of measurement, scruple] [diminutive of] scrūpus [rough stone, scruple]
源自 拉丁语 scrūpulus [小的计量单位，吩] [] scrūpus的小后缀 [粗糙的石头，微量]
"moral misgiving, pang of conscience," late 14c., from O.Fr. scrupule (14c.), from L. scrupulus "uneasiness, anxiety, pricking of conscience," lit. "small sharp stone," dim. of scrupus "sharp stone or pebble," used figuratively by Cicero for a cause of uneasiness or anxiety, probably from the notion of having a pebble in one's shoe. A more literal Latin sense of "small unit of weight or measurement" is attested in English from late 14c.
Etymonline
scruple
scruple (v.)
"to have or make scruples," 1620s, from scruple (n.). Related: Scrupled; scrupling.
韦氏大学
scru·ple
I. \ˈskrü-pəl\ noun
Etymology: Middle English scrupil, scriple, from Anglo-French scruple, from Latin scrupulus a unit of weight, diminutive of scrupus sharp stone
Date: 14th century
1. — see weight table
2. : a minute part or quantity : iota
II. noun
Etymology: Middle English scripil, scrupill, from Anglo-French scruble, from Latin scrupulus, diminutive of scrupus source of uneasiness, literally, sharp stone
Date: 15th century
1. : an ethical consideration or principle that inhibits action
2. : the quality or state of being scrupulous
3. : mental reservation
Synonyms: see qualm
III. intransitive verb
(scru·pled ; scru·pling \-p(ə-)liŋ\)
Date: 1627
1. : to have scruples
2. : to show reluctance on grounds of conscience : hesitate
美国传统词典英汉
scru.ple
AHD:[skr›ʹpəl]
D.J.[ˈskruːpəl]
K.K.[ˈskrupəl]
n.（名词）
An uneasy feeling arising from conscience or principle that tends to hinder action.See Synonyms at qualm
顾虑：在良心或原则上的不安而使行动受阻参见 qualm
Abbr. sc.,scr.A unit of apothecary weight equal to about 1.3 grams, or 20 grains.
缩写 sc.,scr.吩：一种药衡单位，重量等于1.3克或者20格令
A minute part or amount.
微小，微量
v.intr.（不及物动词）
scru.pled, scru.pling, scru.ples
To hesitate as a result of conscience or principle:
迟疑：因良心或原则上的原因而犹豫：
“A man who could make so vile a pun would not scruple to pick a pocket”(John Dennis)
“一个能说出如此恶劣双关语的人，是不会对偷窃钱包感到不安的”(约翰·丹尼斯)
语源
Middle English scrupul
中古英语 scrupul
from Old French scrupule
源自 古法语 scrupule
from Latin scrūpulus [small unit of measurement, scruple] [diminutive of] scrūpus [rough stone, scruple]
源自 拉丁语 scrūpulus [小的计量单位，吩] [] scrūpus的小后缀 [粗糙的石头，微量]
93
1670s, "a trick, a hoax, a fraud," perhaps from sham, a northern dialectal variant of shame (q.v.). Sense of "Something meant to be mistaken for something else" is from 1728. The meaning in pillow-sham (1721) is from the notion of "counterfeit." The adjective is attested from 1680s; the verb from 1670s. Related: Shammed; shamming. Shamateur "amateur sportsman who acts like a professional" is from 1896.
韦氏大学
sham
I. \ˈsham\ noun
Etymology: perhaps from English dialect sham shame, alteration of English shame
Date: 1677
1. : a trick that deludes : hoax
2. : cheap falseness : hypocrisy
3. : an ornamental covering for a pillow
4. : an imitation or counterfeit purporting to be genuine
5. : a person who shams
Synonyms: see imposture
II. adjective
Date: 1681
1. : not genuine : false, feigned
2. : having such poor quality as to seem false
III. verb
(shammed ; sham·ming)
Date: 1739
transitive verb
: to go through the external motions necessary to counterfeit
intransitive verb
: to act intentionally so as to give a false impression : feign
Synonyms: see assume
• sham·mer \ˈsha-mər\ noun
美国传统词典英汉
sham
AHD:[shăm]
D.J.[ʃæm]
K.K.[ʃæm]
n.（名词）
Something false or empty that is purported to be genuine; a spurious imitation.
赝品：某些被声称为真实的却为假的或劣着质的东西；虚假的模仿物
The quality of deceitfulness; empty pretense.
假冒：欺骗的实质；空洞的托辞
One who assumes a false character; an impostor:
骗子：一个扮演冒充角色的人；骗子：
“He a man! Hell! He was a hollow sham!”(Joseph Conrad)
“他是男子汉？见鬼！他是个虚伪的骗子！”(约瑟夫·康拉德)
A decorative cover made to simulate an article of household linen and used over or in place of it:
套：仿照一件家用床上用品制作的装饰性外套，套在该用品外表或替代该用品：
a pillow sham.
枕头套
adj.（形容词）
Not genuine; fake:
假的：不是真的；膺品的：
sham diamonds; sham modesty.
假钻石；伪装的谦虚
v.（动词）
shammed, sham.ming, shams
v.tr.（及物动词）
To put on the false appearance of; feign:
假装：装出虚假的外表；虚构：
“shamming insanity to get his tormentors to leave him alone”(John Wain)
“假装发疯以使折磨他的人走开，让他独自獃着”(约翰·韦恩)
v.intr.（不及物动词）
To assume a false appearance or character; dissemble.
掩饰：装出虚假的样子或性格；掩饰
语源
Perhaps dialectal variant of shame
可能为 shame的方言变体
继承用法
shamʹmer n.（名词）
1670s, "a trick, a hoax, a fraud," perhaps from sham, a northern dialectal variant of shame (q.v.). Sense of "Something meant to be mistaken for something else" is from 1728. The meaning in pillow-sham (1721) is from the notion of "counterfeit." The adjective is attested from 1680s; the verb from 1670s. Related: Shammed; shamming. Shamateur "amateur sportsman who acts like a professional" is from 1896.
韦氏大学
sham
I. \ˈsham\ noun
Etymology: perhaps from English dialect sham shame, alteration of English shame
Date: 1677
1. : a trick that deludes : hoax
2. : cheap falseness : hypocrisy
3. : an ornamental covering for a pillow
4. : an imitation or counterfeit purporting to be genuine
5. : a person who shams
Synonyms: see imposture
II. adjective
Date: 1681
1. : not genuine : false, feigned
2. : having such poor quality as to seem false
III. verb
(shammed ; sham·ming)
Date: 1739
transitive verb
: to go through the external motions necessary to counterfeit
intransitive verb
: to act intentionally so as to give a false impression : feign
Synonyms: see assume
• sham·mer \ˈsha-mər\ noun
美国传统词典英汉
sham
AHD:[shăm]
D.J.[ʃæm]
K.K.[ʃæm]
n.（名词）
Something false or empty that is purported to be genuine; a spurious imitation.
赝品：某些被声称为真实的却为假的或劣着质的东西；虚假的模仿物
The quality of deceitfulness; empty pretense.
假冒：欺骗的实质；空洞的托辞
One who assumes a false character; an impostor:
骗子：一个扮演冒充角色的人；骗子：
“He a man! Hell! He was a hollow sham!”(Joseph Conrad)
“他是男子汉？见鬼！他是个虚伪的骗子！”(约瑟夫·康拉德)
A decorative cover made to simulate an article of household linen and used over or in place of it:
套：仿照一件家用床上用品制作的装饰性外套，套在该用品外表或替代该用品：
a pillow sham.
枕头套
adj.（形容词）
Not genuine; fake:
假的：不是真的；膺品的：
sham diamonds; sham modesty.
假钻石；伪装的谦虚
v.（动词）
shammed, sham.ming, shams
v.tr.（及物动词）
To put on the false appearance of; feign:
假装：装出虚假的外表；虚构：
“shamming insanity to get his tormentors to leave him alone”(John Wain)
“假装发疯以使折磨他的人走开，让他独自獃着”(约翰·韦恩)
v.intr.（不及物动词）
To assume a false appearance or character; dissemble.
掩饰：装出虚假的样子或性格；掩饰
语源
Perhaps dialectal variant of shame
可能为 shame的方言变体
继承用法
shamʹmer n.（名词）
94
```
militate
militate (v.)
1620s, "to serve as a soldier" (now rare), from L. militatum, pp. of militare "serve as a soldier," from miles "soldier" (see military (adj.)). Sense developed via "conflict with," to "be evidence" for or against (1640s). Related: Militated; militating.
韦氏大学
mil·i·tate
\ˈmi-lə-ˌtāt\ intransitive verb
(-tat·ed ; -tat·ing)
Etymology: Latin militatus, past participle of militare to engage in warfare, from milit-, miles
Date: circa 1600
: to have weight or effect
```
Usage: see mitigate
美国传统词典英汉
mil.i.tate
AHD:[mĭlʹĭ-tāt']
D.J.[ˈmɪlɪˌteɪt]
K.K.[ˈmɪlɪˌtet]
v.intr.（不及物动词）
mil.i.tat.ed, mil.i.tat.ing, mil.i.tates
To have force or influence; bring about an effect or a change:
有影响，对…有份量：有作用或影响的；使产生作用或变化的：
“All these factors militated to a different targeting priority”(Tom Clancy)“The chaste banality of his prose . . . militates against the stories' becoming literature”(Anthony Burgess)
“所有这些因素导致了一个不同的重点”(汤姆·克兰西)“他行文中那种平铺直叙，故作高雅的陈词滥调…妨碍了这些小说成为真正的文学作品”(安东尼·伯吉斯)
```
语源
Latin mīlitāre mīlitāt- [to serve as a soldier]
拉丁语 mīlitāre mīlitāt- [服兵役，成为士兵]
from mīles mīlit- [soldier]
源自 mīles mīlit- [战士]
牛津高阶英汉双解
```
```
militate
militate (v.)
1620s, "to serve as a soldier" (now rare), from L. militatum, pp. of militare "serve as a soldier," from miles "soldier" (see military (adj.)). Sense developed via "conflict with," to "be evidence" for or against (1640s). Related: Militated; militating.
韦氏大学
mil·i·tate
\ˈmi-lə-ˌtāt\ intransitive verb
(-tat·ed ; -tat·ing)
Etymology: Latin militatus, past participle of militare to engage in warfare, from milit-, miles
Date: circa 1600
: to have weight or effect
```
Usage: see mitigate
美国传统词典英汉
mil.i.tate
AHD:[mĭlʹĭ-tāt']
D.J.[ˈmɪlɪˌteɪt]
K.K.[ˈmɪlɪˌtet]
v.intr.（不及物动词）
mil.i.tat.ed, mil.i.tat.ing, mil.i.tates
To have force or influence; bring about an effect or a change:
有影响，对…有份量：有作用或影响的；使产生作用或变化的：
“All these factors militated to a different targeting priority”(Tom Clancy)“The chaste banality of his prose . . . militates against the stories' becoming literature”(Anthony Burgess)
“所有这些因素导致了一个不同的重点”(汤姆·克兰西)“他行文中那种平铺直叙，故作高雅的陈词滥调…妨碍了这些小说成为真正的文学作品”(安东尼·伯吉斯)
```
语源
Latin mīlitāre mīlitāt- [to serve as a soldier]
拉丁语 mīlitāre mīlitāt- [服兵役，成为士兵]
from mīles mīlit- [soldier]
源自 mīles mīlit- [战士]
牛津高阶英汉双解
```
95
c.1400, from Anglo-Fr. dismal (mid-13c.), from O.Fr. (li) dis mals "(the) bad days," from M.L. dies mali "evil or unlucky days" (also called dies Ægyptiaci), from L. dies "days" (see diurnal) + mali, pl. of malus "bad" (see mal-). Through the Middle Ages, calendars marked two days of each month as unlucky, supposedly based on the ancient calculations of Egyptian astrologers (Jan. 1, 25; Feb. 4, 26; March 1, 28; April 10, 20; May 3, 25; June 10, 16; July 13, 22; Aug. 1, 30; Sept. 3, 21; Oct. 3, 22; Nov. 5, 28; Dec. 7, 22). Modern sense of "gloomy, dreary" first recorded in English 1590s, in reference to sounds. Related: Dismally.
韦氏大学
dis·mal
\ˈdiz-məl\ adjective
Etymology: Middle English, from dismal, noun, days marked as unlucky in medieval calendars, from Anglo-French, from Medieval Latin dies mali, literally, evil days
Date: 15th century
1. obsolete : disastrous, dreadful
2. : showing or causing gloom or depression
3. : lacking merit : particularly bad
• dis·mal·ly \-mə-lē\ adverb
• dis·mal·ness noun
Synonyms:
dismal, dreary, bleak, gloomy, cheerless, desolate mean devoid of cheer or comfort. dismal indicates extreme and utterly depressing gloominess
dreary, often interchangeable with dismal, emphasizes discouragement resulting from sustained dullness or futility
bleak suggests chill, dull, and barren characteristics that utterly dishearten
gloomy often suggests lack of hope or promise
cheerless stresses absence of anything cheering
desolate adds an element of utter remoteness or lack of human contact to any already disheartening aspect
美国传统词典英汉
dis.mal
AHD:[dĭzʹməl]
D.J.[ˈdɪzməl]
K.K.[ˈdɪzməl]
adj.（形容词）
Causing gloom or depression; dreary:
阴沉的，沮丧的：引起忧郁或沮丧的；阴霾的：
dismal weather; took a dismal view of the economy.
阴沉的天气；对经济抱着不乐观的看法
Characterized by ineptitude, dullness, or a lack of merit:
不高明的，乏味的，愚笨的：
a dismal book; a dismal performance on the cello.
乏味的书；沉闷无趣的大提琴演奏
Obsolete Dreadful; disastrous.
【废语】 可怕的；灾难性的
n.（名词）
Chiefly South Atlantic U.S. See pocosin See Regional Note at pocosin
【多用于美国南大西洋沿岸】 参见 pocosin参见 pocosin
```
语源
Middle English [unlucky days, unlucky]
中古英语 [不吉利的日子，不幸运的]
from Anglo-Norman [unlucky days]
源自 英法语 [不吉利的日子]
from Medieval Latin diēs malī
源自 中世纪拉丁语 diēs malī
Latin diēs [day] * see deiw-
拉丁语 diēs [白天，日子] *参见 deiw-
Latin malī [pl. of] malus [evil] * see mel- 3
拉丁语 malī [] malus的复数 [邪恶的，坏的] *参见 mel- 3
```
继承用法
disʹmally adv.（副词）
disʹmalness n.（名词）
c.1400, from Anglo-Fr. dismal (mid-13c.), from O.Fr. (li) dis mals "(the) bad days," from M.L. dies mali "evil or unlucky days" (also called dies Ægyptiaci), from L. dies "days" (see diurnal) + mali, pl. of malus "bad" (see mal-). Through the Middle Ages, calendars marked two days of each month as unlucky, supposedly based on the ancient calculations of Egyptian astrologers (Jan. 1, 25; Feb. 4, 26; March 1, 28; April 10, 20; May 3, 25; June 10, 16; July 13, 22; Aug. 1, 30; Sept. 3, 21; Oct. 3, 22; Nov. 5, 28; Dec. 7, 22). Modern sense of "gloomy, dreary" first recorded in English 1590s, in reference to sounds. Related: Dismally.
韦氏大学
dis·mal
\ˈdiz-məl\ adjective
Etymology: Middle English, from dismal, noun, days marked as unlucky in medieval calendars, from Anglo-French, from Medieval Latin dies mali, literally, evil days
Date: 15th century
1. obsolete : disastrous, dreadful
2. : showing or causing gloom or depression
3. : lacking merit : particularly bad
• dis·mal·ly \-mə-lē\ adverb
• dis·mal·ness noun
Synonyms:
dismal, dreary, bleak, gloomy, cheerless, desolate mean devoid of cheer or comfort. dismal indicates extreme and utterly depressing gloominess
dreary, often interchangeable with dismal, emphasizes discouragement resulting from sustained dullness or futility
bleak suggests chill, dull, and barren characteristics that utterly dishearten
gloomy often suggests lack of hope or promise
cheerless stresses absence of anything cheering
desolate adds an element of utter remoteness or lack of human contact to any already disheartening aspect
美国传统词典英汉
dis.mal
AHD:[dĭzʹməl]
D.J.[ˈdɪzməl]
K.K.[ˈdɪzməl]
adj.（形容词）
Causing gloom or depression; dreary:
阴沉的，沮丧的：引起忧郁或沮丧的；阴霾的：
dismal weather; took a dismal view of the economy.
阴沉的天气；对经济抱着不乐观的看法
Characterized by ineptitude, dullness, or a lack of merit:
不高明的，乏味的，愚笨的：
a dismal book; a dismal performance on the cello.
乏味的书；沉闷无趣的大提琴演奏
Obsolete Dreadful; disastrous.
【废语】 可怕的；灾难性的
n.（名词）
Chiefly South Atlantic U.S. See pocosin See Regional Note at pocosin
【多用于美国南大西洋沿岸】 参见 pocosin参见 pocosin
```
语源
Middle English [unlucky days, unlucky]
中古英语 [不吉利的日子，不幸运的]
from Anglo-Norman [unlucky days]
源自 英法语 [不吉利的日子]
from Medieval Latin diēs malī
源自 中世纪拉丁语 diēs malī
Latin diēs [day] * see deiw-
拉丁语 diēs [白天，日子] *参见 deiw-
Latin malī [pl. of] malus [evil] * see mel- 3
拉丁语 malī [] malus的复数 [邪恶的，坏的] *参见 mel- 3
```
继承用法
disʹmally adv.（副词）
disʹmalness n.（名词）
96
Etymonline
cozen
cozen
1560s, of uncertain origin; perhaps from Fr. cousiner "cheat on pretext of being a cousin;" or from M.E. cosyn "fraud, trickery" (mid-15c.), perhaps related to O.Fr. coçon "dealer, merchant, trader," from L. cocionem "horse dealer." Related: Cozenage.
韦氏大学
coz·en
\ˈkə-zən\ transitive verb
(coz·ened ; coz·en·ing \ˈkəz-niŋ, ˈkə-zə-\)
Etymology: perhaps from obsolete Italian cozzonare, from Italian cozzone horse trader, from Latin cocion-, cocio trader
Date: 1573
1. : to deceive, win over, or induce to do something by artful coaxing and wheedling or shrewd trickery
2. : to gain by cozening someone
```
Synonyms: see cheat
• coz·en·er \ˈkəz-nər, ˈkə-zə-\ noun
美国传统词典英汉
coz.en
AHD:[kŭzʹən]
D.J.[ˈkʌzən]
K.K.[ˈkʌzən]
v.（动词）
coz.ened, coz.en.ing, coz.ens
v.tr.（及物动词）
To mislead by means of a petty trick or fraud; deceive.
通过小诡计或欺骗来进行诱导；欺骗
To persuade or induce to do something by cajoling or wheedling.
通过哄骗劝诱或引诱（他人）干某事
To obtain by deceit or persuasion.
通过欺骗或劝诱获取（某物）
v.intr.（不及物动词）
To act deceitfully.
干欺骗的勾当
```
语源
Perhaps from Middle English cosin [fraud, trickery]
可能源自 中古英语 cosin [哄骗，诡计]
继承用法
cozʹener n.（名词）
Etymonline
cozen
cozen
1560s, of uncertain origin; perhaps from Fr. cousiner "cheat on pretext of being a cousin;" or from M.E. cosyn "fraud, trickery" (mid-15c.), perhaps related to O.Fr. coçon "dealer, merchant, trader," from L. cocionem "horse dealer." Related: Cozenage.
韦氏大学
coz·en
\ˈkə-zən\ transitive verb
(coz·ened ; coz·en·ing \ˈkəz-niŋ, ˈkə-zə-\)
Etymology: perhaps from obsolete Italian cozzonare, from Italian cozzone horse trader, from Latin cocion-, cocio trader
Date: 1573
1. : to deceive, win over, or induce to do something by artful coaxing and wheedling or shrewd trickery
2. : to gain by cozening someone
```
Synonyms: see cheat
• coz·en·er \ˈkəz-nər, ˈkə-zə-\ noun
美国传统词典英汉
coz.en
AHD:[kŭzʹən]
D.J.[ˈkʌzən]
K.K.[ˈkʌzən]
v.（动词）
coz.ened, coz.en.ing, coz.ens
v.tr.（及物动词）
To mislead by means of a petty trick or fraud; deceive.
通过小诡计或欺骗来进行诱导；欺骗
To persuade or induce to do something by cajoling or wheedling.
通过哄骗劝诱或引诱（他人）干某事
To obtain by deceit or persuasion.
通过欺骗或劝诱获取（某物）
v.intr.（不及物动词）
To act deceitfully.
干欺骗的勾当
```
语源
Perhaps from Middle English cosin [fraud, trickery]
可能源自 中古英语 cosin [哄骗，诡计]
继承用法
cozʹener n.（名词）
97
```
barrister
barrister (n.)
1540s, "a student of law who has been called to the bar," from bar (n.3) in the legal sense. Also see attorney. The second element is obscure.
韦氏大学
bar·ris·ter
\ˈber-ə-stər, ˈba-rə-\ noun
Etymology: Middle English barrester, from barre bar + -ster (as in legister lawyer)
Date: 15th century
: a counsel admitted to plead at the bar and undertake the public trial of causes in an English superior court — compare solicitor
美国传统词典英汉
bar.ris.ter
AHD:[bărʹĭ-stər]
D.J.[ˈbærɪstə]
K.K.[ˈbærɪstɚ]
n.Chiefly British （名词）【多用于英国】
A lawyer admitted to plead at the bar in the superior courts.See Synonyms at lawyer
律师：能出席高级法庭的律师参见 lawyer
```
```
语源
Probably blend of bar 1
可能混合了 bar1
obsolete legister [legist] * see legist
废语 legister [法律学家] *参见 legist
```
```
barrister
barrister (n.)
1540s, "a student of law who has been called to the bar," from bar (n.3) in the legal sense. Also see attorney. The second element is obscure.
韦氏大学
bar·ris·ter
\ˈber-ə-stər, ˈba-rə-\ noun
Etymology: Middle English barrester, from barre bar + -ster (as in legister lawyer)
Date: 15th century
: a counsel admitted to plead at the bar and undertake the public trial of causes in an English superior court — compare solicitor
美国传统词典英汉
bar.ris.ter
AHD:[bărʹĭ-stər]
D.J.[ˈbærɪstə]
K.K.[ˈbærɪstɚ]
n.Chiefly British （名词）【多用于英国】
A lawyer admitted to plead at the bar in the superior courts.See Synonyms at lawyer
律师：能出席高级法庭的律师参见 lawyer
```
```
语源
Probably blend of bar 1
可能混合了 bar1
obsolete legister [legist] * see legist
废语 legister [法律学家] *参见 legist
```
98
```
Etymonline
indurate
indurate (v.)
1530s, from L. induratus, pp. of indurare "to make hard, harden" (see endure). Related: Indurated.
韦氏大学
in·du·rate
I. \ˈin-də-rət, -dyə-; in-ˈdu̇r-ət, -ˈdyu̇r-\ adjective
Date: 14th century
: physically or morally hardened
II. \ˈin-də-ˌrāt, -dyə-\ verb
(-rat·ed ; -rat·ing)
Etymology: Latin induratus, past participle of indurare, from in- + durare to harden, from durus hard — more at during
Date: 1538
transitive verb
1. : to make unfeeling, stubborn, or obdurate
2. : to make hardy : inure
3. : to make hard
```
```
4. : to establish firmly : confirm
intransitive verb
1. : to grow hard : harden
2. : to become established
美国传统词典英汉
in.du.rate
AHD:[ĭnʹdə-rāt', -dyə-]
D.J.[ˈɪndəˌreɪt, -djə-]
K.K.[ˈɪndəˌret, -djə-]
v.（动词）
in.du.rat.ed, in.du.rat.ing, in.du.rates
v.tr.（及物动词）
To make hard; harden:
使硬化：使坚硬；硬化：
soil that had been indurated by extremes of climate.
因气候的极端变化而变硬的土壤
To inure, as to hardship or ridicule.
使习惯于：使习惯于，如艰苦或尴尬之境况
To make callous or obdurate:
使无感觉：使冷酷无情或无感觉：
“It is the curse of revolutionary calamities to indurate the heart”(Helen Maria Williams)
“是由革命的灾难使人们变得麻木不仁”(海伦·玛丽亚·威廉斯)
v.intr.（不及物动词）
To grow hard; harden.
硬化：变硬；硬化
To become firmly fixed or established.
巩固起来：牢牢地安上，牢牢地建立
adj.（形容词）
AHD:[ĭnʹd‹-rĭt, -dyə-]
Hardened; obstinate; unfeeling.
硬的，冷酷的：硬化的；顽固的；无感觉的
```
```
语源
Latin indūrāre indūrāt-
拉丁语 indūrāre indūrāt-
in- [intensive pref.] * see in- 2
in- [强调性前缀] *参见 in-2
dūrus [hard] * see deru-
dūrus [硬的] *参见 deru-
```
继承用法
inʹdura'tive adj.（形容词）
```
Etymonline
indurate
indurate (v.)
1530s, from L. induratus, pp. of indurare "to make hard, harden" (see endure). Related: Indurated.
韦氏大学
in·du·rate
I. \ˈin-də-rət, -dyə-; in-ˈdu̇r-ət, -ˈdyu̇r-\ adjective
Date: 14th century
: physically or morally hardened
II. \ˈin-də-ˌrāt, -dyə-\ verb
(-rat·ed ; -rat·ing)
Etymology: Latin induratus, past participle of indurare, from in- + durare to harden, from durus hard — more at during
Date: 1538
transitive verb
1. : to make unfeeling, stubborn, or obdurate
2. : to make hardy : inure
3. : to make hard
```
```
4. : to establish firmly : confirm
intransitive verb
1. : to grow hard : harden
2. : to become established
美国传统词典英汉
in.du.rate
AHD:[ĭnʹdə-rāt', -dyə-]
D.J.[ˈɪndəˌreɪt, -djə-]
K.K.[ˈɪndəˌret, -djə-]
v.（动词）
in.du.rat.ed, in.du.rat.ing, in.du.rates
v.tr.（及物动词）
To make hard; harden:
使硬化：使坚硬；硬化：
soil that had been indurated by extremes of climate.
因气候的极端变化而变硬的土壤
To inure, as to hardship or ridicule.
使习惯于：使习惯于，如艰苦或尴尬之境况
To make callous or obdurate:
使无感觉：使冷酷无情或无感觉：
“It is the curse of revolutionary calamities to indurate the heart”(Helen Maria Williams)
“是由革命的灾难使人们变得麻木不仁”(海伦·玛丽亚·威廉斯)
v.intr.（不及物动词）
To grow hard; harden.
硬化：变硬；硬化
To become firmly fixed or established.
巩固起来：牢牢地安上，牢牢地建立
adj.（形容词）
AHD:[ĭnʹd‹-rĭt, -dyə-]
Hardened; obstinate; unfeeling.
硬的，冷酷的：硬化的；顽固的；无感觉的
```
```
语源
Latin indūrāre indūrāt-
拉丁语 indūrāre indūrāt-
in- [intensive pref.] * see in- 2
in- [强调性前缀] *参见 in-2
dūrus [hard] * see deru-
dūrus [硬的] *参见 deru-
```
继承用法
inʹdura'tive adj.（形容词）
99
```
Etymonline
durance
durance (n.)
late 15c., from O.Fr. durance "duration," from durer "to endure," from L. durare (see endure).
韦氏大学
du·rance
\ˈdu̇r-ən(t)s also ˈdyu̇r-\ noun
Etymology: Middle English, duration, from Anglo-French, from durer to last from Latin durare
Date: 15th century
1. archaic : endurance
2. : restraint by or as if by physical force — usually used in the phrase durance vile
美国传统词典英汉
du.rance
AHD:[d‹rʹəns, dy‹rʹ-]
D.J.[ˈdʊərəns, ˈdjʊər-]
K.K.[ˈdʊrəns, ˈdjʊr-]
n.（名词）
Confinement or restraint by force; imprisonment:
以强制手段限制；监禁：
“There should be a durance vile for justices who use an argument as weak as the one the majority used”(George F. Will)
“如果法官的辩论象大多数人那样软弱无力，他就该受监禁的惩罚”(乔治F.威尔)
```
```
语源
Middle English duraunce [duration]
中古英语 duraunce [持续]
from Old French durance
源自 古法语 durance
from durer [to last]
源自 durer [延续，持久]
from Latin dūrāre * see deuə-
源自 拉丁语 dūrāre *参见 deuə-
```
```
Etymonline
durance
durance (n.)
late 15c., from O.Fr. durance "duration," from durer "to endure," from L. durare (see endure).
韦氏大学
du·rance
\ˈdu̇r-ən(t)s also ˈdyu̇r-\ noun
Etymology: Middle English, duration, from Anglo-French, from durer to last from Latin durare
Date: 15th century
1. archaic : endurance
2. : restraint by or as if by physical force — usually used in the phrase durance vile
美国传统词典英汉
du.rance
AHD:[d‹rʹəns, dy‹rʹ-]
D.J.[ˈdʊərəns, ˈdjʊər-]
K.K.[ˈdʊrəns, ˈdjʊr-]
n.（名词）
Confinement or restraint by force; imprisonment:
以强制手段限制；监禁：
“There should be a durance vile for justices who use an argument as weak as the one the majority used”(George F. Will)
“如果法官的辩论象大多数人那样软弱无力，他就该受监禁的惩罚”(乔治F.威尔)
```
```
语源
Middle English duraunce [duration]
中古英语 duraunce [持续]
from Old French durance
源自 古法语 durance
from durer [to last]
源自 durer [延续，持久]
from Latin dūrāre * see deuə-
源自 拉丁语 dūrāre *参见 deuə-
```
100
Etymonline
truce
truce (n.)
early 13c., triws, variant of trewes, originally plural of trewe "faith, assurance of faith, covenant, treaty," from O.E. treow "faith, treaty," from P.Gmc. *trewwo (cf. O.Fris. triuwe, M.Du. trouwe, Du. trouw, O.H.G. triuwa, Ger. treue, Goth. triggwa "faith, faithfulness"). Related to O.E. treowe "faithful" (see true).
```
The Germanic word was borrowed into L.L. as tregua, hence Fr. trève, It. tregua. Trucial States, the pre-1971 name of the United Arab Emirates, is attested from 1891, in reference to the 1835 maritime truce between Britain and the Arab sheiks of Oman.
韦氏大学
truce
I. \ˈtrüs\ noun
Etymology: Middle English trewes, plural of trewe agreement, from Old English trēow fidelity; akin to Old English trēowe faithful — more at true
Date: 13th century
1. : a suspension of fighting especially of considerable duration by agreement of opposing forces : armistice, cease-fire
2. : a respite especially from a disagreeable or painful state or action
II. verb
(truced ; truc·ing)
Date: 15th century
intransitive verb
: to make a truce
transitive verb
: to end with a truce
美国传统词典英汉
truce
AHD:[tr›s]
D.J.[truːs]
K.K.[trus]
n.（名词）
A temporary cessation or suspension of hostilities by agreement of the opposing sides; an armistice.
停战：通过敌对双方的协议所达成的敌对行为的暂时停止或中止；停战
A respite from a disagreeable state of affairs.
缓和：不快事态的暂时缓和
v.tr.intr.（及物动词和不及物动词）
truced, truc.ing, truc.es
To end or be ended with a truce.
以停战终结…；以停战而告终
```
```
语源
Middle English trewes [pl. of] trewe [treaty, pledge]
中古英语 trewes [] trewe的复数 [协定，公约]
from Old English trēow * see deru-
源自 古英语 trēow *参见 deru-
```
Etymonline
truce
truce (n.)
early 13c., triws, variant of trewes, originally plural of trewe "faith, assurance of faith, covenant, treaty," from O.E. treow "faith, treaty," from P.Gmc. *trewwo (cf. O.Fris. triuwe, M.Du. trouwe, Du. trouw, O.H.G. triuwa, Ger. treue, Goth. triggwa "faith, faithfulness"). Related to O.E. treowe "faithful" (see true).
```
The Germanic word was borrowed into L.L. as tregua, hence Fr. trève, It. tregua. Trucial States, the pre-1971 name of the United Arab Emirates, is attested from 1891, in reference to the 1835 maritime truce between Britain and the Arab sheiks of Oman.
韦氏大学
truce
I. \ˈtrüs\ noun
Etymology: Middle English trewes, plural of trewe agreement, from Old English trēow fidelity; akin to Old English trēowe faithful — more at true
Date: 13th century
1. : a suspension of fighting especially of considerable duration by agreement of opposing forces : armistice, cease-fire
2. : a respite especially from a disagreeable or painful state or action
II. verb
(truced ; truc·ing)
Date: 15th century
intransitive verb
: to make a truce
transitive verb
: to end with a truce
美国传统词典英汉
truce
AHD:[tr›s]
D.J.[truːs]
K.K.[trus]
n.（名词）
A temporary cessation or suspension of hostilities by agreement of the opposing sides; an armistice.
停战：通过敌对双方的协议所达成的敌对行为的暂时停止或中止；停战
A respite from a disagreeable state of affairs.
缓和：不快事态的暂时缓和
v.tr.intr.（及物动词和不及物动词）
truced, truc.ing, truc.es
To end or be ended with a truce.
以停战终结…；以停战而告终
```
```
语源
Middle English trewes [pl. of] trewe [treaty, pledge]
中古英语 trewes [] trewe的复数 [协定，公约]
from Old English trēow * see deru-
源自 古英语 trēow *参见 deru-
```
101
troth (n.)
late 12c., from a phonetic variant of O.E. treowð "faithfulness, truth" (see truth). Restricted to Midlands and Northern England dialect after 16c., and to certain archaic phrases (e.g. plight one's troth). Cf. also betroth.
韦氏大学
troth
I. \ˈträth, ˈtrȯth, ˈtrōth, or with th\ noun
Etymology: Middle English trouth, from Old English trēowth — more at truth
Date: 12th century
1. : loyal or pledged faithfulness : fidelity
```
2. : one's pledged word
s pledged fidelity.
效忠
Good faith; fidelity.
坚定信念；忠诚
v.tr.（及物动词）
trothed, troth.ing, troths
To pledge or betroth.
宣誓效忠或订婚
```
```
语源
Middle English trouthe, trothe
中古英语 trouthe, trothe
variant of treuthe
treuthe的变体
from Old English trēowth [truth] * see deru-
源自 古英语 trēowth [真理] *参见 deru-
```
troth (n.)
late 12c., from a phonetic variant of O.E. treowð "faithfulness, truth" (see truth). Restricted to Midlands and Northern England dialect after 16c., and to certain archaic phrases (e.g. plight one's troth). Cf. also betroth.
韦氏大学
troth
I. \ˈträth, ˈtrȯth, ˈtrōth, or with th\ noun
Etymology: Middle English trouth, from Old English trēowth — more at truth
Date: 12th century
1. : loyal or pledged faithfulness : fidelity
```
2. : one's pledged word
s pledged fidelity.
效忠
Good faith; fidelity.
坚定信念；忠诚
v.tr.（及物动词）
trothed, troth.ing, troths
To pledge or betroth.
宣誓效忠或订婚
```
```
语源
Middle English trouthe, trothe
中古英语 trouthe, trothe
variant of treuthe
treuthe的变体
from Old English trēowth [truth] * see deru-
源自 古英语 trēowth [真理] *参见 deru-
```
102
```
micturate
micturate (v.)
"urinate," by 1842, from micturation; malformed and with an erroneous sense; condemned from its birth.
韦氏大学
mic·tu·rate
\ˈmik-chə-ˌrāt, ˈmik-tə-\ intransitive verb
(-rat·ed ; -rat·ing)
Etymology: Latin micturire to desire to urinate, from meiere to urinate; akin to Old English mīgan to urinate, Greek omeichein
Date: 1842
: urinate
• mic·tu·ri·tion \ˌmik-chə-ˈri-shən, ˌmik-tə-\ noun
美国传统词典英汉
mic.tu.rate
AHD:[mĭkʹchə-rāt', mĭkʹtə-]
D.J.[ˈmɪktʃəˌreɪt, ˈmɪktə-]
K.K.[ˈmɪktʃəˌret, ˈmɪktə-]
v.intr.（不及物动词）
mic.tu.rat.ed, mic.tu.rat.ing, mic.tu.rates
To urinate.
排尿，小便
```
语源
From Latin micturīre [to want to urinate] [desiderative of] mēiere [to urinate] * see meigh-
源自 拉丁语 micturīre [想小便] [] mēiere的能愿动词 [小便，排尿] *参见 meigh-
继承用法
mic'turiʹtion AHD:[-rĭshʹən] （名词）
```
micturate
micturate (v.)
"urinate," by 1842, from micturation; malformed and with an erroneous sense; condemned from its birth.
韦氏大学
mic·tu·rate
\ˈmik-chə-ˌrāt, ˈmik-tə-\ intransitive verb
(-rat·ed ; -rat·ing)
Etymology: Latin micturire to desire to urinate, from meiere to urinate; akin to Old English mīgan to urinate, Greek omeichein
Date: 1842
: urinate
• mic·tu·ri·tion \ˌmik-chə-ˈri-shən, ˌmik-tə-\ noun
美国传统词典英汉
mic.tu.rate
AHD:[mĭkʹchə-rāt', mĭkʹtə-]
D.J.[ˈmɪktʃəˌreɪt, ˈmɪktə-]
K.K.[ˈmɪktʃəˌret, ˈmɪktə-]
v.intr.（不及物动词）
mic.tu.rat.ed, mic.tu.rat.ing, mic.tu.rates
To urinate.
排尿，小便
```
语源
From Latin micturīre [to want to urinate] [desiderative of] mēiere [to urinate] * see meigh-
源自 拉丁语 micturīre [想小便] [] mēiere的能愿动词 [小便，排尿] *参见 meigh-
继承用法
mic'turiʹtion AHD:[-rĭshʹən] （名词）
103
mycology (n.)
1822, from myco- + -logy. Related: Mycological; mycologist.
韦氏大学
my·col·o·gy
\mī-ˈkä-lə-jē\ noun
Etymology: New Latin mycologia, from myc- + Latin -logia -logy
Date: 1836
1. : a branch of biology dealing with fungi
2. : fungal life
• my·co·log·i·cal \ˌmī-kə-ˈlä-ji-kəl\ adjective
• my·co·log·i·cal·ly \ˌmī-kə-ˈlä-ji-k(ə-)lē\ adverb
• my·col·o·gist \mī-ˈkä-lə-jist\ noun
美国传统词典英汉
my.col.o.gy
AHD:[mī-kŏlʹə-jē]
D.J.[maɪˈkɒlədʒiː]
K.K.[maɪˈkɑlədʒi]
n.（名词）
【复数】 my.col.o.gies 缩写 myc.,mycol.
The branch of botany that deals with fungi.
真菌学：真菌有关的植物学分支
The fungi native to a region.
一个地区的真菌
The composition or characteristics of a particular fungus:
一种特定真菌的结构或者特性：
the mycology of rusts and mildews.
锈菌和霉菌的特性
继承用法
my'cologʹical AHD:[-kə-lŏjʹĭ-kəl] 或 my'co.logʹic （形容词）
my'cologʹically adv.（副词）
mycolʹogist n.（名词）
mycology (n.)
1822, from myco- + -logy. Related: Mycological; mycologist.
韦氏大学
my·col·o·gy
\mī-ˈkä-lə-jē\ noun
Etymology: New Latin mycologia, from myc- + Latin -logia -logy
Date: 1836
1. : a branch of biology dealing with fungi
2. : fungal life
• my·co·log·i·cal \ˌmī-kə-ˈlä-ji-kəl\ adjective
• my·co·log·i·cal·ly \ˌmī-kə-ˈlä-ji-k(ə-)lē\ adverb
• my·col·o·gist \mī-ˈkä-lə-jist\ noun
美国传统词典英汉
my.col.o.gy
AHD:[mī-kŏlʹə-jē]
D.J.[maɪˈkɒlədʒiː]
K.K.[maɪˈkɑlədʒi]
n.（名词）
【复数】 my.col.o.gies 缩写 myc.,mycol.
The branch of botany that deals with fungi.
真菌学：真菌有关的植物学分支
The fungi native to a region.
一个地区的真菌
The composition or characteristics of a particular fungus:
一种特定真菌的结构或者特性：
the mycology of rusts and mildews.
锈菌和霉菌的特性
继承用法
my'cologʹical AHD:[-kə-lŏjʹĭ-kəl] 或 my'co.logʹic （形容词）
my'cologʹically adv.（副词）
mycolʹogist n.（名词）
104
```
1520s, perhaps a variant of moisty "moist, damp" (see moist). Related: Mustiness.
韦氏大学
musty
\ˈməs-tē\ adjective
(must·i·er ; -est)
Etymology: must (IV)
Date: 1530
1.
a. : impaired by damp or mildew : moldy
b. : tasting of mold
c. : smelling of damp and decay : fusty
2.
a. : trite, stale
```
b.
(1) : antiquated
```
(2) : superannuated
Synonyms: see malodorous
• must·i·ly \ˈməs-tə-lē\ adverb
• must·i·ness \-tē-nəs\ noun
美国传统词典英汉
must.y
AHD:[mŭsʹtē]
D.J.[ˈmʌstiː]
K.K.[ˈmʌsti]
adj.（形容词）
must.i.er, must.i.est
Stale or moldy in odor or taste.
发霉的：气味或味道陈腐的或有霉味的
Hackneyed or trite; dull.
陈腐的：陈腐的或者平凡的；乏味的
Out of date; antiquated.
过时的：过时的；已废弃的
Out of use or practice; rusty.
生疏的：不用的或者疏于练习的，需要练习的
```
```
语源
Alteration of obsolete moisty
废语 moisty的变化
from moist
源自 moist
```
继承用法
mustʹily adv.（副词）
mustʹiness n.（名词）
```
1520s, perhaps a variant of moisty "moist, damp" (see moist). Related: Mustiness.
韦氏大学
musty
\ˈməs-tē\ adjective
(must·i·er ; -est)
Etymology: must (IV)
Date: 1530
1.
a. : impaired by damp or mildew : moldy
b. : tasting of mold
c. : smelling of damp and decay : fusty
2.
a. : trite, stale
```
b.
(1) : antiquated
```
(2) : superannuated
Synonyms: see malodorous
• must·i·ly \ˈməs-tə-lē\ adverb
• must·i·ness \-tē-nəs\ noun
美国传统词典英汉
must.y
AHD:[mŭsʹtē]
D.J.[ˈmʌstiː]
K.K.[ˈmʌsti]
adj.（形容词）
must.i.er, must.i.est
Stale or moldy in odor or taste.
发霉的：气味或味道陈腐的或有霉味的
Hackneyed or trite; dull.
陈腐的：陈腐的或者平凡的；乏味的
Out of date; antiquated.
过时的：过时的；已废弃的
Out of use or practice; rusty.
生疏的：不用的或者疏于练习的，需要练习的
```
```
语源
Alteration of obsolete moisty
废语 moisty的变化
from moist
源自 moist
```
继承用法
mustʹily adv.（副词）
mustʹiness n.（名词）
105
Etymonline
mildew
mildew (n.)
mid-13c., mildeu "honeydew, nectar," from O.E. meledeaw "honeydew" (sticky stuff exuded by aphids), from P.Gmc. compound of *melith "honey" (see Melissa) + *dawwaz "dew" (see dew). Cf. O.S. milidou, Du. meeldauw, Ger. Meltau "mildew."
```
First element in many cases assimilated to forms of meal (n.2) "ground grain." As a kind of fungus it is first recorded mid-14c., so called from its being sticky and originally growing in plants. As a verb from 1550s. Related: Mildewed.
韦氏大学
mil·dew
I. \ˈmil-ˌdü, -ˌdyü\ noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English meledēaw honeydew; akin to Old High German militou honeydew
Date: 14th century
1.
a. : a superficial usually whitish growth produced especially on organic matter or living plants by fungi (as of the families Erysiphaceae and Peronosporaceae)
b. : a fungus producing mildew
2. : a discoloration caused by fungi
• mil·dewy \-ē\ adjective
II. verb
Date: 1606
transitive verb
: to affect with or as if with mildew
intransitive verb
: to become affected with mildew
美国传统词典英汉
mil.dew
AHD:[mĭlʹd›ʹ, -dy›ʹ]
D.J.[ˈmɪlˌduː, -ˌdjuː]
K.K.[ˈmɪlˌdu, -ˌdju]
n.（名词）
Any of various fungi that form a superficial, usually whitish growth on plants and various organic materials.
霉，霉菌：通常在植物或多种有机物表面形成白色生长物的菌类中的一种
A superficial coating or discoloration of organic materials, such as cloth, paper, or leather, caused by fungi, especially under damp conditions.
变色，退色：某些有机物质，如布料、纸张或皮革，其表面由菌类作用而形成的薄层或褪色，尤其在潮湿的环境中
A plant disease caused by such fungi.
霉病：由该霉菌引起的植物疾病
v.tr.intr.（及物动词和不及物动词）
mil.dewed, mil.dew.ing, mil.dews
To affect or become affected with mildew.
（使）长霉，（使）发霉：受霉菌侵袭的或变成霉菌的
```
```
语源
Middle English
中古英语
from Old English mildēaw [honeydew, nectar] * see melit-
源自 古英语 mildēaw [蜜露，玉液琼浆] *参见 melit-
```
```
继承用法
milʹdew'y adj.（形容词）
牛津高阶英汉双解
mildew
/ ˈmɪldjuː; US -duː; ˋmɪlˏdu/ n [U] tiny fungus forming a (usu white) coating on plants, leather, food, etc in warm and damp conditions 霉; 霉菌: roses ruined by mildew 霉烂的玫瑰.
```
Etymonline
mildew
mildew (n.)
mid-13c., mildeu "honeydew, nectar," from O.E. meledeaw "honeydew" (sticky stuff exuded by aphids), from P.Gmc. compound of *melith "honey" (see Melissa) + *dawwaz "dew" (see dew). Cf. O.S. milidou, Du. meeldauw, Ger. Meltau "mildew."
```
First element in many cases assimilated to forms of meal (n.2) "ground grain." As a kind of fungus it is first recorded mid-14c., so called from its being sticky and originally growing in plants. As a verb from 1550s. Related: Mildewed.
韦氏大学
mil·dew
I. \ˈmil-ˌdü, -ˌdyü\ noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English meledēaw honeydew; akin to Old High German militou honeydew
Date: 14th century
1.
a. : a superficial usually whitish growth produced especially on organic matter or living plants by fungi (as of the families Erysiphaceae and Peronosporaceae)
b. : a fungus producing mildew
2. : a discoloration caused by fungi
• mil·dewy \-ē\ adjective
II. verb
Date: 1606
transitive verb
: to affect with or as if with mildew
intransitive verb
: to become affected with mildew
美国传统词典英汉
mil.dew
AHD:[mĭlʹd›ʹ, -dy›ʹ]
D.J.[ˈmɪlˌduː, -ˌdjuː]
K.K.[ˈmɪlˌdu, -ˌdju]
n.（名词）
Any of various fungi that form a superficial, usually whitish growth on plants and various organic materials.
霉，霉菌：通常在植物或多种有机物表面形成白色生长物的菌类中的一种
A superficial coating or discoloration of organic materials, such as cloth, paper, or leather, caused by fungi, especially under damp conditions.
变色，退色：某些有机物质，如布料、纸张或皮革，其表面由菌类作用而形成的薄层或褪色，尤其在潮湿的环境中
A plant disease caused by such fungi.
霉病：由该霉菌引起的植物疾病
v.tr.intr.（及物动词和不及物动词）
mil.dewed, mil.dew.ing, mil.dews
To affect or become affected with mildew.
（使）长霉，（使）发霉：受霉菌侵袭的或变成霉菌的
```
```
语源
Middle English
中古英语
from Old English mildēaw [honeydew, nectar] * see melit-
源自 古英语 mildēaw [蜜露，玉液琼浆] *参见 melit-
```
```
继承用法
milʹdew'y adj.（形容词）
牛津高阶英汉双解
mildew
/ ˈmɪldjuː; US -duː; ˋmɪlˏdu/ n [U] tiny fungus forming a (usu white) coating on plants, leather, food, etc in warm and damp conditions 霉; 霉菌: roses ruined by mildew 霉烂的玫瑰.
```
106
mucus
mucus (n.)
1660s (replacing M.E. mucilage), from L. mucus "slime, mold, mucus of the nose, snot," from PIE root *meug- "slippery, slimy," with derivatives referring to wet or slimy substances or conditions (cf. L. emungere "to sneeze out, blow one's nose," mucere "be moldy or musty," Gk. myssesthai "to blow the nose," myxa "mucus," mykes "fungus," Skt. muncati "he releases"). Old English had horh, which may be imitative.
韦氏大学
mu·cus
\ˈmyü-kəs\ noun
Etymology: Latin, nasal mucus; akin to Greek myxa mucus
Date: 1661
: a viscid slippery secretion that is usually rich in mucins and is produced by mucous membranes which it moistens and protects
美国传统词典英汉
mu.cus
AHD:[my›ʹkəs]
D.J.[ˈmjuːkəs]
K.K.[ˈmjukəs]
n.（名词）
The viscous, slippery substance that consists chiefly of mucin, water, cells, and inorganic salts and is secreted as a protective lubricant coating by cells and glands of the mucous membranes.
粘液：一种由粘膜细胞或腺分泌的作为润滑保护层的粘滑物质，主要成份为粘液、水、细胞和无机盐
语源
Latin mūcus
拉丁语 mūcus
mucus
mucus (n.)
1660s (replacing M.E. mucilage), from L. mucus "slime, mold, mucus of the nose, snot," from PIE root *meug- "slippery, slimy," with derivatives referring to wet or slimy substances or conditions (cf. L. emungere "to sneeze out, blow one's nose," mucere "be moldy or musty," Gk. myssesthai "to blow the nose," myxa "mucus," mykes "fungus," Skt. muncati "he releases"). Old English had horh, which may be imitative.
韦氏大学
mu·cus
\ˈmyü-kəs\ noun
Etymology: Latin, nasal mucus; akin to Greek myxa mucus
Date: 1661
: a viscid slippery secretion that is usually rich in mucins and is produced by mucous membranes which it moistens and protects
美国传统词典英汉
mu.cus
AHD:[my›ʹkəs]
D.J.[ˈmjuːkəs]
K.K.[ˈmjukəs]
n.（名词）
The viscous, slippery substance that consists chiefly of mucin, water, cells, and inorganic salts and is secreted as a protective lubricant coating by cells and glands of the mucous membranes.
粘液：一种由粘膜细胞或腺分泌的作为润滑保护层的粘滑物质，主要成份为粘液、水、细胞和无机盐
语源
Latin mūcus
拉丁语 mūcus
107
```
e.munc.to.ry
AHD:[ĭ-mŭngkʹtə-rē]
D.J.[ɪˈmʌŋktəriː]
K.K.[ɪˈmʌŋktəri]
adj.（形容词）
Serving to carry waste out of the body; excretory.
排泄的：用来把废物带出体外的；排泄的
n.（名词）
【复数】 e.munc.to.ries
An organ or duct that removes or carries waste from the body.
排泄器官，排泄道：把废物从体内移去或带走的器官或通道
```
```
语源
Middle English emunctorie
中古英语 emunctorie
from Medieval Latin ēmunctōrius
源自 中世纪拉丁语 ēmunctōrius
from Latin ēmunctus [past participle of] ēmungere [to blow one's nose]
源自 拉丁语 ēmunctus [] ēmungere的过去分词 [打某人的鼻子]
ē-, ex- [intensive pref.] * see ex-
ē-, ex- [加强词义前缀] *参见 ex-
mungere [to blow one's nose]
mungere [打某人的鼻子]
```
```
e.munc.to.ry
AHD:[ĭ-mŭngkʹtə-rē]
D.J.[ɪˈmʌŋktəriː]
K.K.[ɪˈmʌŋktəri]
adj.（形容词）
Serving to carry waste out of the body; excretory.
排泄的：用来把废物带出体外的；排泄的
n.（名词）
【复数】 e.munc.to.ries
An organ or duct that removes or carries waste from the body.
排泄器官，排泄道：把废物从体内移去或带走的器官或通道
```
```
语源
Middle English emunctorie
中古英语 emunctorie
from Medieval Latin ēmunctōrius
源自 中世纪拉丁语 ēmunctōrius
from Latin ēmunctus [past participle of] ēmungere [to blow one's nose]
源自 拉丁语 ēmunctus [] ēmungere的过去分词 [打某人的鼻子]
ē-, ex- [intensive pref.] * see ex-
ē-, ex- [加强词义前缀] *参见 ex-
mungere [to blow one's nose]
mungere [打某人的鼻子]
```
108
```
Etymonline
smug
smug (adj.)
1550s, "trim, neat, spruce, smart," possibly an alteration of Low Ger. smuk "trim, neat," from M.L.G. smücken "to adorn," and smiegen "to press close" (see smock). The meaning "having a self-satisfied air" is from 1701, an extension of the sense of "smooth, sleek" (1580s), which was commonly used of attractive women and girls. Related: Smugly; smugness.
韦氏大学
smug
\ˈsməg\ adjective
(smug·ger ; smug·gest)
Etymology: probably modification of Low German smuck neat, from Middle Low German, from smucken to dress; akin to Old English smoc smock
Date: 1551
1. : trim or smart in dress : spruce
2. : scrupulously clean, neat, or correct : tidy
3. : highly self-satisfied
• smug·ly adverb
• smug·ness noun
美国传统词典英汉
smug
AHD:[smŭg]
D.J.[smʌg]
K.K.[smʌg]
adj.（形容词）
smug.ger, smug.gest
Exhibiting or feeling great or offensive satisfaction with oneself or with one's situation; self-righteously complacent:
沾沾自喜的，自鸣得意的：表现出或感到对自己或自己的处境十分或令人反感的满意；自以为是的自大：
“the smug look of a toad breakfasting on fat marsh flies”(William Pearson)
“像早餐吃到沼泽地胖苍蝇的蛤蟆那样得意忘形的表情”(威廉·皮尔逊)
```
```
语源
; akin to Perhaps akin to Low German smuck [neat]
；类似于 可能类似于 低地德语 smuck [整齐]
from Middle Low German
源自 中古低地德语
from smucken [to adorn]
源自 smucken [喜欢，爱慕]
```
继承用法
smugʹly adv.（副词）
smugʹness n.（名词）
```
Etymonline
smug
smug (adj.)
1550s, "trim, neat, spruce, smart," possibly an alteration of Low Ger. smuk "trim, neat," from M.L.G. smücken "to adorn," and smiegen "to press close" (see smock). The meaning "having a self-satisfied air" is from 1701, an extension of the sense of "smooth, sleek" (1580s), which was commonly used of attractive women and girls. Related: Smugly; smugness.
韦氏大学
smug
\ˈsməg\ adjective
(smug·ger ; smug·gest)
Etymology: probably modification of Low German smuck neat, from Middle Low German, from smucken to dress; akin to Old English smoc smock
Date: 1551
1. : trim or smart in dress : spruce
2. : scrupulously clean, neat, or correct : tidy
3. : highly self-satisfied
• smug·ly adverb
• smug·ness noun
美国传统词典英汉
smug
AHD:[smŭg]
D.J.[smʌg]
K.K.[smʌg]
adj.（形容词）
smug.ger, smug.gest
Exhibiting or feeling great or offensive satisfaction with oneself or with one's situation; self-righteously complacent:
沾沾自喜的，自鸣得意的：表现出或感到对自己或自己的处境十分或令人反感的满意；自以为是的自大：
“the smug look of a toad breakfasting on fat marsh flies”(William Pearson)
“像早餐吃到沼泽地胖苍蝇的蛤蟆那样得意忘形的表情”(威廉·皮尔逊)
```
```
语源
; akin to Perhaps akin to Low German smuck [neat]
；类似于 可能类似于 低地德语 smuck [整齐]
from Middle Low German
源自 中古低地德语
from smucken [to adorn]
源自 smucken [喜欢，爱慕]
```
继承用法
smugʹly adv.（副词）
smugʹness n.（名词）
109
```
muggy
muggy (adj.)
1731, from mugen "to drizzle" (late 14c.), from a Scandinavian source, cf. O.N. mugga "drizzling mist," possibly from PIE *meug- "slimy, slippery" (see mucus).
韦氏大学
mug·gy
\ˈmə-gē\ adjective
(mug·gi·er ; -est)
Etymology: English dialect mug drizzle
Date: 1746
: being warm, damp, and close
• mug·gi·ness \ˈmə-gē-nəs\ noun
美国传统词典英汉
mug.gy
AHD:[mŭgʹē]
D.J.[ˈmʌgiː]
K.K.[ˈmʌgi]
adj.（形容词）
mug.gi.er, mug.gi.est
Warm and extremely humid.
湿热的：温暖且十分潮湿的
```
语源
Probably from Middle English mugen [to drizzle] ; akin to Old Norse mugga [a drizzle]
可能源自 中古英语 mugen [下细雨] ；类似于 古斯堪的纳维亚语 mugga [细雨]
继承用法
mugʹginess n.（名词）
```
muggy
muggy (adj.)
1731, from mugen "to drizzle" (late 14c.), from a Scandinavian source, cf. O.N. mugga "drizzling mist," possibly from PIE *meug- "slimy, slippery" (see mucus).
韦氏大学
mug·gy
\ˈmə-gē\ adjective
(mug·gi·er ; -est)
Etymology: English dialect mug drizzle
Date: 1746
: being warm, damp, and close
• mug·gi·ness \ˈmə-gē-nəs\ noun
美国传统词典英汉
mug.gy
AHD:[mŭgʹē]
D.J.[ˈmʌgiː]
K.K.[ˈmʌgi]
adj.（形容词）
mug.gi.er, mug.gi.est
Warm and extremely humid.
湿热的：温暖且十分潮湿的
```
语源
Probably from Middle English mugen [to drizzle] ; akin to Old Norse mugga [a drizzle]
可能源自 中古英语 mugen [下细雨] ；类似于 古斯堪的纳维亚语 mugga [细雨]
继承用法
mugʹginess n.（名词）
110
herbage (n.)
late 14c., "non-woody plants collectively," from O.Fr. erbage or directly from M.L. herbagium; see herb + -age.
韦氏大学
herb·age
\ˈ(h)ər-bij\ noun
Date: 14th century
1. : herbaceous vegetation (as grass) especially when used for grazing
2. : the succulent parts of herbaceous plants
美国传统词典英汉
herb.age
AHD:[ûrʹbĭj, hûrʹ-]
D.J.[ˈɜːbɪdʒ, ˈhɜː-]
K.K.[ˈɝbɪdʒ, ˈhɝ-]
n.（名词）
Herbaceous plant growth, especially grass or similar vegetation used for pasturage.
草本植物群：草本植物群，尤指牧草或类似的用于放牧的植被
The fleshy, often edible parts of plants.
牧草：植物的通常可食用的肉质部分
```
语源
Middle English
中古英语
from Old French erbage
源自 古法语 erbage
from erbe
源自 erbe
from Latin herba
源自 拉丁语 herba
```
herbage (n.)
late 14c., "non-woody plants collectively," from O.Fr. erbage or directly from M.L. herbagium; see herb + -age.
韦氏大学
herb·age
\ˈ(h)ər-bij\ noun
Date: 14th century
1. : herbaceous vegetation (as grass) especially when used for grazing
2. : the succulent parts of herbaceous plants
美国传统词典英汉
herb.age
AHD:[ûrʹbĭj, hûrʹ-]
D.J.[ˈɜːbɪdʒ, ˈhɜː-]
K.K.[ˈɝbɪdʒ, ˈhɝ-]
n.（名词）
Herbaceous plant growth, especially grass or similar vegetation used for pasturage.
草本植物群：草本植物群，尤指牧草或类似的用于放牧的植被
The fleshy, often edible parts of plants.
牧草：植物的通常可食用的肉质部分
```
语源
Middle English
中古英语
from Old French erbage
源自 古法语 erbage
from erbe
源自 erbe
from Latin herba
源自 拉丁语 herba
```
111
```
hy·dranth
\ˈhī-ˌdran(t)th\ noun
Etymology: International Scientific Vocabulary hydr- + Greek anthos flower — more at anthology
Date: 1874
: one of the feeding zooids of a hydroid colony
美国传统词典英汉
hy.dranth
AHD:[hīʹdrănth']
D.J.[ˈhaɪˌdrænθ]
K.K.[ˈhaɪˌdrænθ]
n.（名词）
A feeding zooid in a hydroid colony having an oral opening surrounded by tentacles.
水螅体：水螅群体的一营养个体，有一周围生有触须的口部
```
```
语源
hydr(a)
hydr(a)
Greek anthos [flower]
希腊语 anthos [花]
```
```
hy·dranth
\ˈhī-ˌdran(t)th\ noun
Etymology: International Scientific Vocabulary hydr- + Greek anthos flower — more at anthology
Date: 1874
: one of the feeding zooids of a hydroid colony
美国传统词典英汉
hy.dranth
AHD:[hīʹdrănth']
D.J.[ˈhaɪˌdrænθ]
K.K.[ˈhaɪˌdrænθ]
n.（名词）
A feeding zooid in a hydroid colony having an oral opening surrounded by tentacles.
水螅体：水螅群体的一营养个体，有一周围生有触须的口部
```
```
语源
hydr(a)
hydr(a)
Greek anthos [flower]
希腊语 anthos [花]
```
112
ex·an·the·ma
noun
see exanthem
美国传统词典英汉
ex.an.the.ma
AHD:[ĕg'zăn-thēʹmə] 也作 ex.an.them [ĭg-zănʹthəm]
D.J.[ˌegzænˈθiːmə] 也作 ex.an.them [ɪgˈzænθəm]
K.K.[ˌɛgzænˈθimə] 也作 ex.an.them [ɪgˈzænθəm]
n.（名词）
【复数】 ex.an.them.a.ta[-thĕmʹə-tə] 或 ex.an.the.mas 也作 ex.an.thems 【医学】
A skin eruption accompanying certain infectious diseases.
疹：伴有某种传染性疾病的皮肤疹
A disease, such as measles or scarlet fever, accompanied by a skin eruption.
疹病：伴有皮疹的一种疾病，如麻疹、猩红热
```
语源
Late Latin exanthēma
后期拉丁语 exanthēma
from Greek [eruption]
源自 希腊语 [疹子]
from exanthein [to burst forth]
源自 exanthein [爆发]
ex- [ex-]
ex- [前缀，表“出自…，向外”]
anthein [to blossom] from anthos [flower]
anthein [开花] 源自 anthos [花]
```
继承用法
exan'thematʹic AHD:[ĭg-zăn'-thə-mătʹĭk] 或 ex'an.themʹa.tous [ĕg'zăn-thĕmʹə-təs] （形容词）
ex·an·the·ma
noun
see exanthem
美国传统词典英汉
ex.an.the.ma
AHD:[ĕg'zăn-thēʹmə] 也作 ex.an.them [ĭg-zănʹthəm]
D.J.[ˌegzænˈθiːmə] 也作 ex.an.them [ɪgˈzænθəm]
K.K.[ˌɛgzænˈθimə] 也作 ex.an.them [ɪgˈzænθəm]
n.（名词）
【复数】 ex.an.them.a.ta[-thĕmʹə-tə] 或 ex.an.the.mas 也作 ex.an.thems 【医学】
A skin eruption accompanying certain infectious diseases.
疹：伴有某种传染性疾病的皮肤疹
A disease, such as measles or scarlet fever, accompanied by a skin eruption.
疹病：伴有皮疹的一种疾病，如麻疹、猩红热
```
语源
Late Latin exanthēma
后期拉丁语 exanthēma
from Greek [eruption]
源自 希腊语 [疹子]
from exanthein [to burst forth]
源自 exanthein [爆发]
ex- [ex-]
ex- [前缀，表“出自…，向外”]
anthein [to blossom] from anthos [flower]
anthein [开花] 源自 anthos [花]
```
继承用法
exan'thematʹic AHD:[ĭg-zăn'-thə-mătʹĭk] 或 ex'an.themʹa.tous [ĕg'zăn-thĕmʹə-təs] （形容词）
113
"full bloom," 1835, from Gk. anthesis, noun of action from antheein "to blossom," from anthos "flower," (see anther).
韦氏大学
an·the·sis
\an-ˈthē-səs\ noun
Etymology: New Latin, from Greek anthēsis bloom, from anthein to flower, from anthos
Date: circa 1823
: the action or period of opening of a flower
美国传统词典英汉
an.the.sis
AHD:[ăn-thēʹsĭs]
D.J.[ænˈθiːsɪs]
K.K.[ænˈθisɪs]
n.Botany （名词）【植物学】
The period during which a flower is fully open and functional.
开花，开花期：花朵完全开放的时期
```
语源
Greek anthēsis [flowering]
希腊语 anthēsis [开花]
from anthein [to bloom]
源自 anthein [开花]
from anthos [flower]
源自 anthos [花]
```
"full bloom," 1835, from Gk. anthesis, noun of action from antheein "to blossom," from anthos "flower," (see anther).
韦氏大学
an·the·sis
\an-ˈthē-səs\ noun
Etymology: New Latin, from Greek anthēsis bloom, from anthein to flower, from anthos
Date: circa 1823
: the action or period of opening of a flower
美国传统词典英汉
an.the.sis
AHD:[ăn-thēʹsĭs]
D.J.[ænˈθiːsɪs]
K.K.[ænˈθisɪs]
n.Botany （名词）【植物学】
The period during which a flower is fully open and functional.
开花，开花期：花朵完全开放的时期
```
语源
Greek anthēsis [flowering]
希腊语 anthēsis [开花]
from anthein [to bloom]
源自 anthein [开花]
from anthos [flower]
源自 anthos [花]
```
114
"full bloom," 1835, from Gk. anthesis, noun of action from antheein "to blossom," from anthos "flower," (see anther).
韦氏大学
an·the·sis
\an-ˈthē-səs\ noun
Etymology: New Latin, from Greek anthēsis bloom, from anthein to flower, from anthos
Date: circa 1823
: the action or period of opening of a flower
美国传统词典英汉
an.the.sis
AHD:[ăn-thēʹsĭs]
D.J.[ænˈθiːsɪs]
K.K.[ænˈθisɪs]
n.Botany （名词）【植物学】
The period during which a flower is fully open and functional.
开花，开花期：花朵完全开放的时期
```
语源
Greek anthēsis [flowering]
希腊语 anthēsis [开花]
from anthein [to bloom]
源自 anthein [开花]
from anthos [flower]
源自 anthos [花]
```
"full bloom," 1835, from Gk. anthesis, noun of action from antheein "to blossom," from anthos "flower," (see anther).
韦氏大学
an·the·sis
\an-ˈthē-səs\ noun
Etymology: New Latin, from Greek anthēsis bloom, from anthein to flower, from anthos
Date: circa 1823
: the action or period of opening of a flower
美国传统词典英汉
an.the.sis
AHD:[ăn-thēʹsĭs]
D.J.[ænˈθiːsɪs]
K.K.[ænˈθisɪs]
n.Botany （名词）【植物学】
The period during which a flower is fully open and functional.
开花，开花期：花朵完全开放的时期
```
语源
Greek anthēsis [flowering]
希腊语 anthēsis [开花]
from anthein [to bloom]
源自 anthein [开花]
from anthos [flower]
源自 anthos [花]
```
115
```
anther
anther (n.)
1550s, "medical extract of flowers," from Fr. anthère, from Mod.L. anthera "a medicine extracted from a flower," from Gk. anthera, fem. of antheros "flowery, blooming," from anthos "flower," from PIE root *andh- "to bloom" (cf. Skt. andhas "herb," Armenian and "field," M.Ir. ainder "young girl," Welsh anner "young cow"). Main modern sense attested by 1791.
韦氏大学
an·ther
\ˈan(t)-thər\ noun
Etymology: New Latin anthera, from Latin, medicine made from flowers, from Greek anthēra, from feminine of anthēros flowery, from anthos
Date: circa 1706
: the part of a stamen that produces and contains pollen and is usually borne on a stalk — see flower illustration
• an·ther·al \-thə-rəl\ adjective
美国传统词典英汉
an.ther
AHD:[ănʹthər]
D.J.[ˈænθə]
K.K.[ˈænθɚ]
n.Botany （名词）【植物学】
The pollen-bearing part of the stamen.
花药：雄蕊中有花粉的部分
```
```
语源
Medieval Latin anthēra [pollen]
中世纪拉丁语 anthēra [花粉]
from Latin [a medicine extracted from flowers]
源自 拉丁语 [从花中提取出的一种药]
from Greek [from feminine of] anthēros [flowery]
源自 希腊语 [] 源自anthēros的阴性词 [多花的]
from anthos [flower]
源自 anthos [花]
```
```
anther
anther (n.)
1550s, "medical extract of flowers," from Fr. anthère, from Mod.L. anthera "a medicine extracted from a flower," from Gk. anthera, fem. of antheros "flowery, blooming," from anthos "flower," from PIE root *andh- "to bloom" (cf. Skt. andhas "herb," Armenian and "field," M.Ir. ainder "young girl," Welsh anner "young cow"). Main modern sense attested by 1791.
韦氏大学
an·ther
\ˈan(t)-thər\ noun
Etymology: New Latin anthera, from Latin, medicine made from flowers, from Greek anthēra, from feminine of anthēros flowery, from anthos
Date: circa 1706
: the part of a stamen that produces and contains pollen and is usually borne on a stalk — see flower illustration
• an·ther·al \-thə-rəl\ adjective
美国传统词典英汉
an.ther
AHD:[ănʹthər]
D.J.[ˈænθə]
K.K.[ˈænθɚ]
n.Botany （名词）【植物学】
The pollen-bearing part of the stamen.
花药：雄蕊中有花粉的部分
```
```
语源
Medieval Latin anthēra [pollen]
中世纪拉丁语 anthēra [花粉]
from Latin [a medicine extracted from flowers]
源自 拉丁语 [从花中提取出的一种药]
from Greek [from feminine of] anthēros [flowery]
源自 希腊语 [] 源自anthēros的阴性词 [多花的]
from anthos [flower]
源自 anthos [花]
```
116
```
Etymonline
Dianthus
Dianthus (n.)
1849, from Modern Latin (Linnaeus), from Gk. Dios, gen. of Zeus "Zeus" (see Zeus) + anthos "flower" (see anther).
韦氏大学
di·an·thus
\dī-ˈan(t)-thəs\ noun
Etymology: New Latin, genus name, from Greek dios heavenly + anthos flower — more at deity, anthology
Date: circa 1766
: pink II,1
美国传统词典英汉
di.an.thus
AHD:[dī-ănʹthəs]
D.J.[daɪˈænθəs]
K.K.[daɪˈænθəs]
n.（名词）
A plant of the genusDianthus, which includes carnations and pinks.
石竹：一种含有肉色和粉红色的石竹属 植物
```
```
语源
New Latin Dianthus [genus name]
现代拉丁语 Dianthus [属名]
probably alteration influenced by di- 1
可能为 受 di-1的影响
of Greek diosanthos [carnation]
希腊语 diosanthos的变化 [麝香石竹]
Dios- [of Zeus] * see Dioscuri
Dios- [宙斯的] *参见 Dioscuri
anthos [flower]
anthos [花]
```
```
Etymonline
Dianthus
Dianthus (n.)
1849, from Modern Latin (Linnaeus), from Gk. Dios, gen. of Zeus "Zeus" (see Zeus) + anthos "flower" (see anther).
韦氏大学
di·an·thus
\dī-ˈan(t)-thəs\ noun
Etymology: New Latin, genus name, from Greek dios heavenly + anthos flower — more at deity, anthology
Date: circa 1766
: pink II,1
美国传统词典英汉
di.an.thus
AHD:[dī-ănʹthəs]
D.J.[daɪˈænθəs]
K.K.[daɪˈænθəs]
n.（名词）
A plant of the genusDianthus, which includes carnations and pinks.
石竹：一种含有肉色和粉红色的石竹属 植物
```
```
语源
New Latin Dianthus [genus name]
现代拉丁语 Dianthus [属名]
probably alteration influenced by di- 1
可能为 受 di-1的影响
of Greek diosanthos [carnation]
希腊语 diosanthos的变化 [麝香石竹]
Dios- [of Zeus] * see Dioscuri
Dios- [宙斯的] *参见 Dioscuri
anthos [flower]
anthos [花]
```
117
```
1540s, alteration of M.E. pultes, from L. pultes, pl. of puls "porridge" (see pulse (n.2)).
韦氏大学
poul·tice
I. \ˈpōl-təs\ noun
Etymology: Middle English pultes, from Medieval Latin, literally, pap, from Latin, plural of pult-, puls porridge
Date: 15th century
: a soft usually heated and sometimes medicated mass spread on cloth and applied to sores or other lesions
II. transitive verb
(-ticed ; -tic·ing)
Date: 1730
: to apply a poultice to
美国传统词典英汉
poul.tice
AHD:[pōlʹtĭs]
D.J.[ˈpəʊltɪs]
K.K.[ˈpoltɪs]
n.（名词）
A soft, moist mass of bread, meal, clay, or other adhesive substance, usually heated, spread on cloth, and applied to warm, moisten, or stimulate an aching or inflamed part of the body.Also called cataplasm
泥罨剂，泥敷剂：摊开在布上的面包、米饭、医用粘土或其他粘性物质的软湿团块，常用于加热、变湿、刺激身体的痛处或发炎处也作 cataplasm
v.tr.（及物动词）
poul.ticed, poul.tic.ing, poul.tic.es
To apply a poultice to.
敷泥罨剂于
```
```
语源
Middle English pultes
中古英语 pultes
from Medieval Latin pultēs [thick paste]
源自 中世纪拉丁语 pultēs [稠面糊]
from Latin
源自 拉丁语
pl. of puls pult- [pottage] * see pulse 2
puls的复数 pult- [燕麦粥] *参见 pulse2
```
```
1540s, alteration of M.E. pultes, from L. pultes, pl. of puls "porridge" (see pulse (n.2)).
韦氏大学
poul·tice
I. \ˈpōl-təs\ noun
Etymology: Middle English pultes, from Medieval Latin, literally, pap, from Latin, plural of pult-, puls porridge
Date: 15th century
: a soft usually heated and sometimes medicated mass spread on cloth and applied to sores or other lesions
II. transitive verb
(-ticed ; -tic·ing)
Date: 1730
: to apply a poultice to
美国传统词典英汉
poul.tice
AHD:[pōlʹtĭs]
D.J.[ˈpəʊltɪs]
K.K.[ˈpoltɪs]
n.（名词）
A soft, moist mass of bread, meal, clay, or other adhesive substance, usually heated, spread on cloth, and applied to warm, moisten, or stimulate an aching or inflamed part of the body.Also called cataplasm
泥罨剂，泥敷剂：摊开在布上的面包、米饭、医用粘土或其他粘性物质的软湿团块，常用于加热、变湿、刺激身体的痛处或发炎处也作 cataplasm
v.tr.（及物动词）
poul.ticed, poul.tic.ing, poul.tic.es
To apply a poultice to.
敷泥罨剂于
```
```
语源
Middle English pultes
中古英语 pultes
from Medieval Latin pultēs [thick paste]
源自 中世纪拉丁语 pultēs [稠面糊]
from Latin
源自 拉丁语
pl. of puls pult- [pottage] * see pulse 2
puls的复数 pult- [燕麦粥] *参见 pulse2
```
118
```
Etymonline
deprave
deprave (v.)
late 14c., "corrupt, lead astray, pervert," from O.Fr. depraver (14c.) or directly from L. depravare "distort, disfigure;" figuratively "to pervert, seduce, corrupt," from de- "completely" (see de-) + pravus "crooked." Related: Depraved; depraving.
韦氏大学
de·prave
\di-ˈprāv\ transitive verb
(de·praved ; de·prav·ing)
Etymology: Middle English, from Anglo-French depraver, from Latin depravare to pervert, from de- + pravus crooked, bad
Date: 14th century
1. archaic : to speak ill of : malign
2. : to make bad : corrupt; especially : to corrupt morally
Synonyms: see debase
• de·pra·va·tion \ˌde-prə-ˈvā-shən, ˌdē-ˌprā-\ noun
• de·prave·ment \di-ˈprāv-mənt\ noun
• de·prav·er \di-ˈprā-vər\ noun
美国传统词典英汉
de.prave
AHD:[dĭ-prāvʹ]
D.J.[dɪˈpreɪv]
K.K.[dɪˈprev]
v.tr.（及物动词）
de.praved, de.prav.ing, de.praves
To debase, especially morally; corrupt.See Synonyms at corrupt
使堕落：尤指在道德上的堕落；道德败坏参见 corrupt
```
```
语源
Middle English depraven [to corrupt]
中古英语 depraven [腐败]
from Old French depraver
源自 古法语 depraver
from Latin dēprāvāre
源自 拉丁语 dēprāvāre
dē- [de-]
dē- [前缀，表“减低”]
prāvus [crooked]
prāvus [弯曲的，不诚实的]
```
继承用法
dep'ravaʹtion AHD:[dĕp'rə-vāʹshən] （名词）
depravʹer n.（名词）
```
Etymonline
deprave
deprave (v.)
late 14c., "corrupt, lead astray, pervert," from O.Fr. depraver (14c.) or directly from L. depravare "distort, disfigure;" figuratively "to pervert, seduce, corrupt," from de- "completely" (see de-) + pravus "crooked." Related: Depraved; depraving.
韦氏大学
de·prave
\di-ˈprāv\ transitive verb
(de·praved ; de·prav·ing)
Etymology: Middle English, from Anglo-French depraver, from Latin depravare to pervert, from de- + pravus crooked, bad
Date: 14th century
1. archaic : to speak ill of : malign
2. : to make bad : corrupt; especially : to corrupt morally
Synonyms: see debase
• de·pra·va·tion \ˌde-prə-ˈvā-shən, ˌdē-ˌprā-\ noun
• de·prave·ment \di-ˈprāv-mənt\ noun
• de·prav·er \di-ˈprā-vər\ noun
美国传统词典英汉
de.prave
AHD:[dĭ-prāvʹ]
D.J.[dɪˈpreɪv]
K.K.[dɪˈprev]
v.tr.（及物动词）
de.praved, de.prav.ing, de.praves
To debase, especially morally; corrupt.See Synonyms at corrupt
使堕落：尤指在道德上的堕落；道德败坏参见 corrupt
```
```
语源
Middle English depraven [to corrupt]
中古英语 depraven [腐败]
from Old French depraver
源自 古法语 depraver
from Latin dēprāvāre
源自 拉丁语 dēprāvāre
dē- [de-]
dē- [前缀，表“减低”]
prāvus [crooked]
prāvus [弯曲的，不诚实的]
```
继承用法
dep'ravaʹtion AHD:[dĕp'rə-vāʹshən] （名词）
depravʹer n.（名词）
119
pal·y·nol·o·gy
\ˌpa-lə-ˈnä-lə-jē\ noun
Etymology: Greek palynein to sprinkle, from palē fine meal
Date: 1944
: a branch of science dealing with pollen and spores
• pal·y·no·log·i·cal \-nə-ˈlä-ji-kəl\ also pal·y·no·log·ic \-jik\ adjective
• pal·y·no·log·i·cal·ly \-ji-k(ə-)lē\ adverb
• pal·y·nol·o·gist \-ˈnä-lə-jist\ noun
美国传统词典英汉
pal.y.nol.o.gy
AHD:[păl'ə-nŏlʹə-jē]
D.J.[ˌpæləˈnɒlədʒiː]
K.K.[ˌpæləˈnɑlədʒi]
n.（名词）
The scientific study of spores and pollen.
孢粉学：关于孢子和花粉的科学研究
```
语源
Greek palunein [to sprinkle]
希腊语 palunein [喷淋]
-logy
-logy
```
继承用法
pal'ynologʹical AHD:[-nə-lŏjʹĭ-kəl] 或 pal'y.no.logʹic （形容词）
pal'ynologʹically adv.（副词）
pal'ynolʹogist n.（名词）
pal·y·nol·o·gy
\ˌpa-lə-ˈnä-lə-jē\ noun
Etymology: Greek palynein to sprinkle, from palē fine meal
Date: 1944
: a branch of science dealing with pollen and spores
• pal·y·no·log·i·cal \-nə-ˈlä-ji-kəl\ also pal·y·no·log·ic \-jik\ adjective
• pal·y·no·log·i·cal·ly \-ji-k(ə-)lē\ adverb
• pal·y·nol·o·gist \-ˈnä-lə-jist\ noun
美国传统词典英汉
pal.y.nol.o.gy
AHD:[păl'ə-nŏlʹə-jē]
D.J.[ˌpæləˈnɒlədʒiː]
K.K.[ˌpæləˈnɑlədʒi]
n.（名词）
The scientific study of spores and pollen.
孢粉学：关于孢子和花粉的科学研究
```
语源
Greek palunein [to sprinkle]
希腊语 palunein [喷淋]
-logy
-logy
```
继承用法
pal'ynologʹical AHD:[-nə-lŏjʹĭ-kəl] 或 pal'y.no.logʹic （形容词）
pal'ynologʹically adv.（副词）
pal'ynolʹogist n.（名词）
120
foil (n.)
"thin sheet of metal," early 14c., from O.Fr. fueille "leaf," from L. folia "leaves," pl. (mistaken for fem. sing.) of folium "leaf" (see folio). The sense of "one who enhances another by contrast" (1580s) is from the practice of backing a gem with metal foil to make it shine more brilliantly. The meaning "light sword used in fencing" (1590s) could be from this sense, or from foil (v.). The modern sense of "metallic food wrap" is from 1946.
Etymonline
foil
foil (v.)
c.1300, foilen "to spoil a trace or scent by running over it," irregularly from O.Fr. fouler "trample," from V.L. *fullare "to clean cloth" (by treading on it), from L. fullo "one who cleans cloth, fuller," of unknown origin. Hence, "to overthrow, defeat" (1540s). Sense of "frustrate the efforts of" first recorded 1560s. Related: Foiled; foiling. Foiled again! as a cry of defeat and dismay is from at least 1847.
韦氏大学
foil
I. \ˈfȯi(-ə)l\ transitive verb
Etymology: Middle English, alteration of fullen to full cloth, from Anglo-French foller — more at full
Date: 14th century
1. obsolete : trample
2.
a. : to prevent from attaining an end : defeat
b. : to bring to naught : thwart
```
Synonyms: see frustrate
II. noun
Date: 15th century
1. archaic : defeat
2. archaic : the track or trail of an animal
III. noun
Etymology: Middle English, leaf, from Anglo-French fuille, foille (from Latin folia, plural of folium) & fuil, from Latin folium — more at blade
Date: 14th century
1. : very thin sheet metal
```
2. : a thin piece of material (as metal) put under an inferior or paste stone to add color or brilliance
3. : someone or something that serves as a contrast to another
4.
a. : an indentation between cusps in Gothic tracery
b. : one of several arcs that enclose a complex figure
5. : hydrofoil 1
IV. transitive verb
Date: 1611
1. : to back or cover with foil
2. : to enhance by contrast
V. noun
Etymology: origin unknown
Date: 1594
1. : a light fencing sword having a usually circular guard and a flexible blade of rectangular section tapering to a blunted point — compare epee, saber
2. : the art or sport of fencing with the foil — often used in plural
美国传统词典英汉
foil 1
AHD:[foil]
D.J.[fɔɪl]
K.K.[fɔɪl]
v.tr.（及物动词）
foiled, foil.ing, foils
To prevent from being successful; thwart.See Synonyms at frustrate
使失败：妨碍成功；阻挠参见 frustrate
To obscure or confuse (a trail or scent) so as to evade pursuers.
搅乱痕迹：使（痕迹或气味）模糊难辨以躲避追击者
n.Archaic （名词）【古语】
A repulse; a setback.
阻力；挫折
The trail or scent of an animal.
动物留下的痕迹或气味
```
语源
Middle English foilen [to trample, defile]
中古英语 foilen [践踏，弄脏]
variant of filen [to defile] * see file 3
filen的变体 [玷污] *参见 file3
foil 2
AHD:[foil]
D.J.[fɔɪl]
K.K.[fɔɪl]
n.（名词）
A thin, flexible leaf or sheet of metal:
箔：一页或一张薄而软的金属：
aluminum foil.
铝箔
A thin layer of polished metal placed under a displayed gem to lend it brilliance.
衬箔：在展出的宝石下放置的用以衬出其光泽的薄层剖光金属
One that by contrast underscores or enhances the distinctive characteristics of another:
陪衬物：在对比中增加或减少其它物体特色的陪衬物：
“I am resolved my husband shall not be a rival, but a foil to me”(Charlotte Brontë)
“我决定不把我丈夫当成敌手而把他当成我的陪衬”(夏洛特·勃朗特)
The reflective metal coating on the back of a glass mirror.
银箔：镜子背面的反射金属复盖面
Architecture A curvilinear, often lobelike figure or space formed between the cusps of intersecting arcs, found especially in Gothic tracery and Moorish ornament.
【建筑学】 叶形饰：在尖顶的交叉拱门之间的一块曲线的、常为裂片状的空间，在哥特式的窗花格交织线条和马蹄型拱的装饰上尤为多见
An airfoil.
飞翼
Nautical A hydrofoil.
【航海】 水翼艇
v.tr.（及物动词）
foiled, foil.ing, foils
To cover or back with foil.
以箔复盖或衬托
To set off by contrast.
通过对比衬托
```
```
语源
Middle English
中古英语
from Old French foille
源自 古法语 foille
from Latin folia [pl. of] folium [leaf] * see bhel- 3
源自 拉丁语 folia [] folium的复数 [叶] *参见 bhel- 3
foil 3
AHD:[foil]
D.J.[fɔɪl]
K.K.[fɔɪl]
n.（名词）
A fencing sword having a usually circular guard and a thin, flexible four-sided blade with a button on the tip to prevent injury.
钝头剑，无锋剑：带有一环状保护装置和在顶端带有圆头以防止剑伤的四边剑锋的防御剑
Often foils The art or sport of fencing with such a sword:
常作 foils 花剑剑术：用圆头剑防御的技巧或运动：
a contest at foils.
花剑比赛
```
语源
[Origin unknown]
[词源不明]
foil (n.)
"thin sheet of metal," early 14c., from O.Fr. fueille "leaf," from L. folia "leaves," pl. (mistaken for fem. sing.) of folium "leaf" (see folio). The sense of "one who enhances another by contrast" (1580s) is from the practice of backing a gem with metal foil to make it shine more brilliantly. The meaning "light sword used in fencing" (1590s) could be from this sense, or from foil (v.). The modern sense of "metallic food wrap" is from 1946.
Etymonline
foil
foil (v.)
c.1300, foilen "to spoil a trace or scent by running over it," irregularly from O.Fr. fouler "trample," from V.L. *fullare "to clean cloth" (by treading on it), from L. fullo "one who cleans cloth, fuller," of unknown origin. Hence, "to overthrow, defeat" (1540s). Sense of "frustrate the efforts of" first recorded 1560s. Related: Foiled; foiling. Foiled again! as a cry of defeat and dismay is from at least 1847.
韦氏大学
foil
I. \ˈfȯi(-ə)l\ transitive verb
Etymology: Middle English, alteration of fullen to full cloth, from Anglo-French foller — more at full
Date: 14th century
1. obsolete : trample
2.
a. : to prevent from attaining an end : defeat
b. : to bring to naught : thwart
```
Synonyms: see frustrate
II. noun
Date: 15th century
1. archaic : defeat
2. archaic : the track or trail of an animal
III. noun
Etymology: Middle English, leaf, from Anglo-French fuille, foille (from Latin folia, plural of folium) & fuil, from Latin folium — more at blade
Date: 14th century
1. : very thin sheet metal
```
2. : a thin piece of material (as metal) put under an inferior or paste stone to add color or brilliance
3. : someone or something that serves as a contrast to another
4.
a. : an indentation between cusps in Gothic tracery
b. : one of several arcs that enclose a complex figure
5. : hydrofoil 1
IV. transitive verb
Date: 1611
1. : to back or cover with foil
2. : to enhance by contrast
V. noun
Etymology: origin unknown
Date: 1594
1. : a light fencing sword having a usually circular guard and a flexible blade of rectangular section tapering to a blunted point — compare epee, saber
2. : the art or sport of fencing with the foil — often used in plural
美国传统词典英汉
foil 1
AHD:[foil]
D.J.[fɔɪl]
K.K.[fɔɪl]
v.tr.（及物动词）
foiled, foil.ing, foils
To prevent from being successful; thwart.See Synonyms at frustrate
使失败：妨碍成功；阻挠参见 frustrate
To obscure or confuse (a trail or scent) so as to evade pursuers.
搅乱痕迹：使（痕迹或气味）模糊难辨以躲避追击者
n.Archaic （名词）【古语】
A repulse; a setback.
阻力；挫折
The trail or scent of an animal.
动物留下的痕迹或气味
```
语源
Middle English foilen [to trample, defile]
中古英语 foilen [践踏，弄脏]
variant of filen [to defile] * see file 3
filen的变体 [玷污] *参见 file3
foil 2
AHD:[foil]
D.J.[fɔɪl]
K.K.[fɔɪl]
n.（名词）
A thin, flexible leaf or sheet of metal:
箔：一页或一张薄而软的金属：
aluminum foil.
铝箔
A thin layer of polished metal placed under a displayed gem to lend it brilliance.
衬箔：在展出的宝石下放置的用以衬出其光泽的薄层剖光金属
One that by contrast underscores or enhances the distinctive characteristics of another:
陪衬物：在对比中增加或减少其它物体特色的陪衬物：
“I am resolved my husband shall not be a rival, but a foil to me”(Charlotte Brontë)
“我决定不把我丈夫当成敌手而把他当成我的陪衬”(夏洛特·勃朗特)
The reflective metal coating on the back of a glass mirror.
银箔：镜子背面的反射金属复盖面
Architecture A curvilinear, often lobelike figure or space formed between the cusps of intersecting arcs, found especially in Gothic tracery and Moorish ornament.
【建筑学】 叶形饰：在尖顶的交叉拱门之间的一块曲线的、常为裂片状的空间，在哥特式的窗花格交织线条和马蹄型拱的装饰上尤为多见
An airfoil.
飞翼
Nautical A hydrofoil.
【航海】 水翼艇
v.tr.（及物动词）
foiled, foil.ing, foils
To cover or back with foil.
以箔复盖或衬托
To set off by contrast.
通过对比衬托
```
```
语源
Middle English
中古英语
from Old French foille
源自 古法语 foille
from Latin folia [pl. of] folium [leaf] * see bhel- 3
源自 拉丁语 folia [] folium的复数 [叶] *参见 bhel- 3
foil 3
AHD:[foil]
D.J.[fɔɪl]
K.K.[fɔɪl]
n.（名词）
A fencing sword having a usually circular guard and a thin, flexible four-sided blade with a button on the tip to prevent injury.
钝头剑，无锋剑：带有一环状保护装置和在顶端带有圆头以防止剑伤的四边剑锋的防御剑
Often foils The art or sport of fencing with such a sword:
常作 foils 花剑剑术：用圆头剑防御的技巧或运动：
a contest at foils.
花剑比赛
```
语源
[Origin unknown]
[词源不明]
121
folio (n.)
mid-15c., from L.L. folio "leaf or sheet of paper," from L. folio, ablative of folium "leaf," from PIE *bhulyom "leaf" (cf. Gk. phyllon "leaf," Gael. bile "leaflet, blossom"), from root *bhel- (2) "to blow, inflate, swell" (see bole). Ablative of location, since this was used in page references. Meaning "volume of the largest size" first attested 1620s.
韦氏大学
fo·lio
I. \ˈfō-lē-ˌō\ noun
(plural fo·li·os)
Etymology: Middle English, from Latin, ablative of folium
Date: 15th century
1.
a. : a leaf especially of a manuscript or book
b. : a leaf number
c. : a page number
d. : an identifying reference in accounting used in posting
2.
a. : a sheet of paper folded once
b. : a case or folder for loose papers
3.
a. : the size of a piece of paper cut two from a sheet; also : paper or a page of this size
b. : a book printed on folio pages
c. : a book of the largest size
4. : a certain number of words taken as a unit or division in a document for purposes of measurement or reference
II. transitive verb
Date: 1858
: to put a serial number on each leaf or page of
美国传统词典英汉
fo.li.o
AHD:[fōʹlē-ō']
D.J.[ˈfəʊliːˌəʊ]
K.K.[ˈfoliˌo]
n.（名词）
【复数】 fo.li.os 缩写 f.,F.,fol.
A large sheet of paper folded once in the middle, making two leaves or four pages of a book or manuscript.
对折纸：在中间对折的一张大纸，制成书或手稿中的两张或四页
A book or manuscript of the largest common size, usually about 38 centimeters (15 inches) in height, consisting of such folded sheets.
对开本的书或手稿：由对折的纸组成的最大型的书或手稿，通常高度约为38厘米（15英寸）
A leaf of a book numbered only on the front side.
一张：书中的一页，只在正面记有页码
A number on such a leaf.
页码：记在一页正面上的页码
A page number.
张数
Accounting A page in a ledger or two facing pages that are assigned a single number.
【会计学】 页：帐簿中的一页或相对的两张，只标一个数码
Law A specific number of words used as a unit for measuring the length of the text of a document.
【法律】 单位字数：用来计算文件的文章长度的单位字数
v.tr.（及物动词）
fo.li.oed, fo.li.o.ing, fo.li.os
To number consecutively the pages or leaves of (a book, for example).
编…页码：标出连续的张或页的数字（比如一本书）
```
语源
Middle English
中古英语
from Late Latin foliō [ablative of] folium [leaf of paper]
源自 后期拉丁语 foliō [] folium的夺格 [一页纸]
from Latin [leaf] * see bhel- 3
源自 拉丁语 [叶] *参见 bhel- 3
```
folio (n.)
mid-15c., from L.L. folio "leaf or sheet of paper," from L. folio, ablative of folium "leaf," from PIE *bhulyom "leaf" (cf. Gk. phyllon "leaf," Gael. bile "leaflet, blossom"), from root *bhel- (2) "to blow, inflate, swell" (see bole). Ablative of location, since this was used in page references. Meaning "volume of the largest size" first attested 1620s.
韦氏大学
fo·lio
I. \ˈfō-lē-ˌō\ noun
(plural fo·li·os)
Etymology: Middle English, from Latin, ablative of folium
Date: 15th century
1.
a. : a leaf especially of a manuscript or book
b. : a leaf number
c. : a page number
d. : an identifying reference in accounting used in posting
2.
a. : a sheet of paper folded once
b. : a case or folder for loose papers
3.
a. : the size of a piece of paper cut two from a sheet; also : paper or a page of this size
b. : a book printed on folio pages
c. : a book of the largest size
4. : a certain number of words taken as a unit or division in a document for purposes of measurement or reference
II. transitive verb
Date: 1858
: to put a serial number on each leaf or page of
美国传统词典英汉
fo.li.o
AHD:[fōʹlē-ō']
D.J.[ˈfəʊliːˌəʊ]
K.K.[ˈfoliˌo]
n.（名词）
【复数】 fo.li.os 缩写 f.,F.,fol.
A large sheet of paper folded once in the middle, making two leaves or four pages of a book or manuscript.
对折纸：在中间对折的一张大纸，制成书或手稿中的两张或四页
A book or manuscript of the largest common size, usually about 38 centimeters (15 inches) in height, consisting of such folded sheets.
对开本的书或手稿：由对折的纸组成的最大型的书或手稿，通常高度约为38厘米（15英寸）
A leaf of a book numbered only on the front side.
一张：书中的一页，只在正面记有页码
A number on such a leaf.
页码：记在一页正面上的页码
A page number.
张数
Accounting A page in a ledger or two facing pages that are assigned a single number.
【会计学】 页：帐簿中的一页或相对的两张，只标一个数码
Law A specific number of words used as a unit for measuring the length of the text of a document.
【法律】 单位字数：用来计算文件的文章长度的单位字数
v.tr.（及物动词）
fo.li.oed, fo.li.o.ing, fo.li.os
To number consecutively the pages or leaves of (a book, for example).
编…页码：标出连续的张或页的数字（比如一本书）
```
语源
Middle English
中古英语
from Late Latin foliō [ablative of] folium [leaf of paper]
源自 后期拉丁语 foliō [] folium的夺格 [一页纸]
from Latin [leaf] * see bhel- 3
源自 拉丁语 [叶] *参见 bhel- 3
```
122
```
foliate (adj.)
1620s, from L. foliatus "leaved, leafy," from folium (see folio).
Etymonline
foliate
foliate (v.)
1660s, "to apply silver leaf," from L. foliatus "leaved, leafy," from folium (see folio). Meaning "to put forth leaves" is from 1775. Related: Foliated; foliating.
韦氏大学
fo·li·ate
\ˈfō-lē-ət, -ˌāt\ adjective
Etymology: Latin foliatus leafy, from folium leaf — more at blade
Date: circa 1658
1. : shaped like a leaf
2. : foliated
美国传统词典英汉
fo.li.ate
AHD:[fōʹlē-ĭt, -āt']
D.J.[ˈfəʊliːɪt, -ˌeɪt]
K.K.[ˈfoliɪt, -ˌet]
adj.（形容词）
Of or relating to leaves.
叶的，有叶的：树叶的或有关树叶的
Shaped like a leaf.
叶状的：形状象树叶的
Geology Foliated.
【地质学】 剥离成层的
v.（动词）
fo.li.at.ed, fo.li.at.ing, fo.li.ates[-āt']
v.tr.（及物动词）
To hammer or cut (metal) into thin leaf or foil.
把…打箔：锤或切金属成薄的叶箔状
To coat (glass, for example) with metal foil.
以箔包：用金属箔复盖（如玻璃）
To furnish or adorn with metal foil.
饰以箔：用金属箔装设或装饰
To separate into thin layers or laminae.
分成薄层或薄板
To decorate with foliage or foils:
用叶饰装饰：
an arch that is foliated in the Gothic style.
一座按哥特式风格饰以叶形装饰的拱门
To number the leaves of (a manuscript, for example).
编号：为（如一本手稿的）的页数编号
v.intr.（不及物动词）
To produce foliage.
制造叶状物
To split into thin leaflike layers or folia.
裂成薄片：分成薄的叶状层
```
```
语源
Latin foliātus [bearing foliage]
拉丁语 foliātus [生长叶子]
from folium [leaf] * see folium
源自 folium [叶子] *参见 folium
```
```
foliate (adj.)
1620s, from L. foliatus "leaved, leafy," from folium (see folio).
Etymonline
foliate
foliate (v.)
1660s, "to apply silver leaf," from L. foliatus "leaved, leafy," from folium (see folio). Meaning "to put forth leaves" is from 1775. Related: Foliated; foliating.
韦氏大学
fo·li·ate
\ˈfō-lē-ət, -ˌāt\ adjective
Etymology: Latin foliatus leafy, from folium leaf — more at blade
Date: circa 1658
1. : shaped like a leaf
2. : foliated
美国传统词典英汉
fo.li.ate
AHD:[fōʹlē-ĭt, -āt']
D.J.[ˈfəʊliːɪt, -ˌeɪt]
K.K.[ˈfoliɪt, -ˌet]
adj.（形容词）
Of or relating to leaves.
叶的，有叶的：树叶的或有关树叶的
Shaped like a leaf.
叶状的：形状象树叶的
Geology Foliated.
【地质学】 剥离成层的
v.（动词）
fo.li.at.ed, fo.li.at.ing, fo.li.ates[-āt']
v.tr.（及物动词）
To hammer or cut (metal) into thin leaf or foil.
把…打箔：锤或切金属成薄的叶箔状
To coat (glass, for example) with metal foil.
以箔包：用金属箔复盖（如玻璃）
To furnish or adorn with metal foil.
饰以箔：用金属箔装设或装饰
To separate into thin layers or laminae.
分成薄层或薄板
To decorate with foliage or foils:
用叶饰装饰：
an arch that is foliated in the Gothic style.
一座按哥特式风格饰以叶形装饰的拱门
To number the leaves of (a manuscript, for example).
编号：为（如一本手稿的）的页数编号
v.intr.（不及物动词）
To produce foliage.
制造叶状物
To split into thin leaflike layers or folia.
裂成薄片：分成薄的叶状层
```
```
语源
Latin foliātus [bearing foliage]
拉丁语 foliātus [生长叶子]
from folium [leaf] * see folium
源自 folium [叶子] *参见 folium
```
123
1560s, "to depict or paint (armorial bearings)," from blazon (n.) or else from Fr. blasonner. Earlier as "to set forth decriptively" (1510s); especially "to vaunt or boast" (1530s), in this use probably from or influenced by blaze (v.2).
Etymonline
blazon
blazon (n.)
"coat of arms," late 13c., from O.Fr. blason (12c.) "a shield, blazon," also "collar bone;" common Romanic (cf. Sp. blason, It. blasone, Port. brasao, Prov. blezo, the first two said to be French loan-words); of uncertain origin. OED doubts, on grounds of sense, the connection proposed by 19c. French etymologists to Germanic words related to English blaze (n.1).
韦氏大学
bla·zon
I. \ˈblā-zən\ noun
Etymology: Middle English blason, from Anglo-French
Date: 14th century
1.
a. : armorial bearings : coat of arms
b. : the proper description or representation of heraldic or armorial bearings
2. : ostentatious display
II. transitive verb
(bla·zoned ; bla·zon·ing \ˈblāz-niŋ; ˈblā-zən-iŋ\)
Date: 1534
1. : to publish widely : proclaim
2.
a. : to describe (heraldic or armorial bearings) in technical terms
b. : to represent (armorial bearings) in drawing or engraving
3.
a. : display
b. : deck, adorn
```
• bla·zon·er \-nər; -zən-ər\ noun
• blazoning noun
美国传统词典英汉
bla.zon
AHD:[blāʹzən]
D.J.[ˈbleɪzən]
K.K.[ˈblezən]
v.tr.（及物动词）
bla.zoned, bla.zon.ing, bla.zons
Heraldry
【纹章学】
To describe (a coat of arms) in proper terms.
用专业术语描述（纹章）
To paint or depict (a coat of arms) with accurate detail.
细致准确地绘制或描绘（纹章）
To adorn or embellish with or as if with a coat of arms:
用或似用纹章装饰或布置：
“the stars and moons and suns blazoned on that sacred wall”(G.K. Chesterton)
“星星、月亮和太阳的纹章装点了那面圣洁的墙”(G.K.切斯特顿)
To proclaim widely.
宣扬
n.（名词）
Heraldry
【纹章学】
A coat of arms.
纹章
The description or representation of a coat of arms.
纹章的表述或说明
An ostentatious display.
夸示
```
```
语源
Probably from Middle English blasoun [shield]
可能源自 中古英语 blasoun [盾]
from Old French blason
源自 古法语 blason
```
继承用法
blaʹzoner n.（名词）
blaʹzonment n.（名词）
1560s, "to depict or paint (armorial bearings)," from blazon (n.) or else from Fr. blasonner. Earlier as "to set forth decriptively" (1510s); especially "to vaunt or boast" (1530s), in this use probably from or influenced by blaze (v.2).
Etymonline
blazon
blazon (n.)
"coat of arms," late 13c., from O.Fr. blason (12c.) "a shield, blazon," also "collar bone;" common Romanic (cf. Sp. blason, It. blasone, Port. brasao, Prov. blezo, the first two said to be French loan-words); of uncertain origin. OED doubts, on grounds of sense, the connection proposed by 19c. French etymologists to Germanic words related to English blaze (n.1).
韦氏大学
bla·zon
I. \ˈblā-zən\ noun
Etymology: Middle English blason, from Anglo-French
Date: 14th century
1.
a. : armorial bearings : coat of arms
b. : the proper description or representation of heraldic or armorial bearings
2. : ostentatious display
II. transitive verb
(bla·zoned ; bla·zon·ing \ˈblāz-niŋ; ˈblā-zən-iŋ\)
Date: 1534
1. : to publish widely : proclaim
2.
a. : to describe (heraldic or armorial bearings) in technical terms
b. : to represent (armorial bearings) in drawing or engraving
3.
a. : display
b. : deck, adorn
```
• bla·zon·er \-nər; -zən-ər\ noun
• blazoning noun
美国传统词典英汉
bla.zon
AHD:[blāʹzən]
D.J.[ˈbleɪzən]
K.K.[ˈblezən]
v.tr.（及物动词）
bla.zoned, bla.zon.ing, bla.zons
Heraldry
【纹章学】
To describe (a coat of arms) in proper terms.
用专业术语描述（纹章）
To paint or depict (a coat of arms) with accurate detail.
细致准确地绘制或描绘（纹章）
To adorn or embellish with or as if with a coat of arms:
用或似用纹章装饰或布置：
“the stars and moons and suns blazoned on that sacred wall”(G.K. Chesterton)
“星星、月亮和太阳的纹章装点了那面圣洁的墙”(G.K.切斯特顿)
To proclaim widely.
宣扬
n.（名词）
Heraldry
【纹章学】
A coat of arms.
纹章
The description or representation of a coat of arms.
纹章的表述或说明
An ostentatious display.
夸示
```
```
语源
Probably from Middle English blasoun [shield]
可能源自 中古英语 blasoun [盾]
from Old French blason
源自 古法语 blason
```
继承用法
blaʹzoner n.（名词）
blaʹzonment n.（名词）
124
Etymonline
ramus
ramus
1803, from L. ramus "branch," related to radix "root;" see radish.
韦氏大学
ra·mus
\ˈrā-məs\ noun
(plural ra·mi \-ˌmī\)
Etymology: New Latin, from Latin, branch — more at ramify
Date: 1733
: a projecting part, elongated process, or branch: as
a. : the posterior more or less vertical part on each side of the lower jaw that articulates with the skull
b. : a branch of a nerve
美国传统词典英汉
ra.mus
AHD:[rāʹməs]
D.J.[ˈreɪməs]
K.K.[ˈreməs]
n.（名词）
【复数】 ra.mi[-mī']
Biology A branch, as of a plant, nerve, or blood vessel.
【生物学】 枝梢：如植物、神经或血管的枝杈
Anatomy A bony process extending like a branch from a larger bone, especially the ascending part of the lower jaw that makes a joint at the temple.
【解剖学】 岔枝：从大骨生出的象树枝一样的骨质隆起，尤指在太阳穴形成的一个关节的下颌骨的上升部位
语源
Latin rāmus [branch] * see wrād-
拉丁语 rāmus [枝杈] *参见 wrād-
Etymonline
ramus
ramus
1803, from L. ramus "branch," related to radix "root;" see radish.
韦氏大学
ra·mus
\ˈrā-məs\ noun
(plural ra·mi \-ˌmī\)
Etymology: New Latin, from Latin, branch — more at ramify
Date: 1733
: a projecting part, elongated process, or branch: as
a. : the posterior more or less vertical part on each side of the lower jaw that articulates with the skull
b. : a branch of a nerve
美国传统词典英汉
ra.mus
AHD:[rāʹməs]
D.J.[ˈreɪməs]
K.K.[ˈreməs]
n.（名词）
【复数】 ra.mi[-mī']
Biology A branch, as of a plant, nerve, or blood vessel.
【生物学】 枝梢：如植物、神经或血管的枝杈
Anatomy A bony process extending like a branch from a larger bone, especially the ascending part of the lower jaw that makes a joint at the temple.
【解剖学】 岔枝：从大骨生出的象树枝一样的骨质隆起，尤指在太阳穴形成的一个关节的下颌骨的上升部位
语源
Latin rāmus [branch] * see wrād-
拉丁语 rāmus [枝杈] *参见 wrād-
125
```
Etymonline
eradicate
eradicate (v.)
early 15c., from L. eradicatus, pp. of eradicare "to root out" (see eradication). Related: Eradicated; eradicating; eradicable.
韦氏大学
erad·i·cate
\i-ˈra-də-ˌkāt\ transitive verb
(-cat·ed ; -cat·ing)
Etymology: Latin eradicatus, past participle of eradicare, from e- + radic-, radix root — more at root
Date: 1532
1. : to pull up by the roots
2. : to do away with as completely as if by pulling up by the roots
```
Synonyms: see exterminate
• erad·i·ca·ble \-ˈra-di-kə-bəl\ adjective
• erad·i·ca·tion \-ˌra-də-ˈkā-shən\ noun
• erad·i·ca·tor \-ˌkā-tər\ noun
美国传统词典英汉
e.rad.i.cate
AHD:[ĭ-rădʹĭ-kāt']
D.J.[ɪˈrædɪˌkeɪt]
K.K.[ɪˈrædɪˌket]
v.tr.（及物动词）
e.rad.i.cat.ed, e.rad.i.cat.ing, e.rad.i.cates
To tear up by the roots.
根除：连根撕碎
To get rid of as if by tearing up by the roots:
清除，扑灭，根绝：象连根拔起一样消灭：
Their goal was to eradicate poverty.See Synonyms at abolish See Synonyms at eliminate
他们的目标是消除贫困参见 abolish参见 eliminate
```
语源
Middle English eradicaten
中古英语 eradicaten
from Latin ērādīcāre ērādīcāt-
源自 拉丁语 ērādīcāre ērādīcāt-
ē-, ex- [ex-]
ē-, ex- [前缀，表“免除，离开”]
rādīx rādīc- [root] * see wrād-
rādīx rādīc- [根] *参见 wrād-
```
```
继承用法
eradʹicable AHD:[-kə-bəl] （形容词）
erad'icaʹtion n.（名词）
eradʹica'tive adj.（形容词）
eradʹica'tor n.（名词）
```
```
Etymonline
eradicate
eradicate (v.)
early 15c., from L. eradicatus, pp. of eradicare "to root out" (see eradication). Related: Eradicated; eradicating; eradicable.
韦氏大学
erad·i·cate
\i-ˈra-də-ˌkāt\ transitive verb
(-cat·ed ; -cat·ing)
Etymology: Latin eradicatus, past participle of eradicare, from e- + radic-, radix root — more at root
Date: 1532
1. : to pull up by the roots
2. : to do away with as completely as if by pulling up by the roots
```
Synonyms: see exterminate
• erad·i·ca·ble \-ˈra-di-kə-bəl\ adjective
• erad·i·ca·tion \-ˌra-də-ˈkā-shən\ noun
• erad·i·ca·tor \-ˌkā-tər\ noun
美国传统词典英汉
e.rad.i.cate
AHD:[ĭ-rădʹĭ-kāt']
D.J.[ɪˈrædɪˌkeɪt]
K.K.[ɪˈrædɪˌket]
v.tr.（及物动词）
e.rad.i.cat.ed, e.rad.i.cat.ing, e.rad.i.cates
To tear up by the roots.
根除：连根撕碎
To get rid of as if by tearing up by the roots:
清除，扑灭，根绝：象连根拔起一样消灭：
Their goal was to eradicate poverty.See Synonyms at abolish See Synonyms at eliminate
他们的目标是消除贫困参见 abolish参见 eliminate
```
语源
Middle English eradicaten
中古英语 eradicaten
from Latin ērādīcāre ērādīcāt-
源自 拉丁语 ērādīcāre ērādīcāt-
ē-, ex- [ex-]
ē-, ex- [前缀，表“免除，离开”]
rādīx rādīc- [root] * see wrād-
rādīx rādīc- [根] *参见 wrād-
```
```
继承用法
eradʹicable AHD:[-kə-bəl] （形容词）
erad'icaʹtion n.（名词）
eradʹica'tive adj.（形容词）
eradʹica'tor n.（名词）
```
126
ra·dix
\ˈrā-diks\ noun
(plural ra·di·ces \ˈrā-də-ˌsēz, ˈra- \ ; or ra·dix·es \ˈrā-dik-səz\)
Etymology: Latin, root — more at root
Date: 1798
1. : the base of a number system or of logarithms
2. : the primary source
美国传统词典英汉
ra.dix
AHD:[rāʹdĭks]
D.J.[ˈreɪdɪks]
K.K.[ˈredɪks]
n.（名词）
【复数】 rad.i.ces[rădʹĭ-sēz', rāʹdĭ-] 或 ra.dix.es
Biology A root or point of origin.
【生物学】 根：根部或生长点
Abbr. rad.Mathematics The base of a system of numbers, such as 2 in the binary system and 10 in the decimal system.
缩写 rad.【数学】 基数：数字系统的基数，如2是二进制的基数，10是十进制的基数
语源
Latin rādīx [root] * see wrād-
拉丁语 rādīx [根部] *参见 wrād-
ra·dix
\ˈrā-diks\ noun
(plural ra·di·ces \ˈrā-də-ˌsēz, ˈra- \ ; or ra·dix·es \ˈrā-dik-səz\)
Etymology: Latin, root — more at root
Date: 1798
1. : the base of a number system or of logarithms
2. : the primary source
美国传统词典英汉
ra.dix
AHD:[rāʹdĭks]
D.J.[ˈreɪdɪks]
K.K.[ˈredɪks]
n.（名词）
【复数】 rad.i.ces[rădʹĭ-sēz', rāʹdĭ-] 或 ra.dix.es
Biology A root or point of origin.
【生物学】 根：根部或生长点
Abbr. rad.Mathematics The base of a system of numbers, such as 2 in the binary system and 10 in the decimal system.
缩写 rad.【数学】 基数：数字系统的基数，如2是二进制的基数，10是十进制的基数
语源
Latin rādīx [root] * see wrād-
拉丁语 rādīx [根部] *参见 wrād-
127
```
rad·i·cand
\ˌra-də-ˈkand\ noun
Etymology: Latin radicandum, neuter of radicandus, gerundive of radicari
Date: 1889
: the quantity under a radical sign
美国传统词典英汉
rad.i.cand
AHD:[rădʹĭ-kănd']
D.J.[ˈrædɪˌkænd]
K.K.[ˈrædɪˌkænd]
n.Mathematics （名词）【数学】
The quantity under a radical sign. For example, 3 is the radicand of &S{Ö}3.
被开方数：根号内的数。如3是&S{Ö}3的被开方数
```
```
语源
Latin rādīcandum [neuter gerundive of] rādīcāre [to take root]
拉丁语 rādīcandum [] rādīcāre的中性动形词 [开方]
from rādīx rādīc- [root] * see radical
源自 rādīx rādīc- [根] *参见 radical
```
```
rad·i·cand
\ˌra-də-ˈkand\ noun
Etymology: Latin radicandum, neuter of radicandus, gerundive of radicari
Date: 1889
: the quantity under a radical sign
美国传统词典英汉
rad.i.cand
AHD:[rădʹĭ-kănd']
D.J.[ˈrædɪˌkænd]
K.K.[ˈrædɪˌkænd]
n.Mathematics （名词）【数学】
The quantity under a radical sign. For example, 3 is the radicand of &S{Ö}3.
被开方数：根号内的数。如3是&S{Ö}3的被开方数
```
```
语源
Latin rādīcandum [neuter gerundive of] rādīcāre [to take root]
拉丁语 rādīcandum [] rādīcāre的中性动形词 [开方]
from rādīx rādīc- [root] * see radical
源自 rādīx rādīc- [根] *参见 radical
```
128
Etymonline
wort
wort (n.)
"a plant," O.E. wyrt "root, herb," from P.Gmc. *wurtiz (cf. O.S. wurt, O.N., Dan. urt, O.H.G. wurz "plant, herb," Ger. Wurz, Goth. waurts, O.N. rot "root"), from PIE root *wrad- "twig, root" (see radish). St. John's wort attested from 15c.
韦氏大学
wort
I. \ˈwərt, ˈwȯrt\ noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English wyrt root, herb, plant — more at root
Date: before 12th century
: plant; especially : an herbaceous plant — usually used in combination
```
II. noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English wyrt; akin to Middle High German würze brewer's wort, Old English wyrt root, herb
Date: before 12th century
: a sweet liquid drained from mash and fermented to make beer and whiskey
美国传统词典英汉
wort 1
AHD:[wûrt, wôrt]
D.J.[wɜːt, wɔːt]
K.K.[wɝt, wɔrt]
n.（名词）
A plant. Often used in combination:
一种植物。常用于复合词：
liverwort; milkwort.
地钱；远志
```
```
语源
Middle English
中古英语
from Old English wyrt * see wrād-
源自 古英语 wyrt *参见 wrād-
wort 2
AHD:[wûrt, wôrt]
D.J.[wɜːt, wɔːt]
K.K.[wɝt, wɔrt]
n.（名词）
An infusion of malt that is fermented to make beer.
麦芽汁：浸泡过的麦芽，发酵后用于酿制啤酒
```
```
语源
Middle English
中古英语
from Old English wyrt * see wrād-
源自 古英语 wyrt *参见 wrād-
```
Etymonline
wort
wort (n.)
"a plant," O.E. wyrt "root, herb," from P.Gmc. *wurtiz (cf. O.S. wurt, O.N., Dan. urt, O.H.G. wurz "plant, herb," Ger. Wurz, Goth. waurts, O.N. rot "root"), from PIE root *wrad- "twig, root" (see radish). St. John's wort attested from 15c.
韦氏大学
wort
I. \ˈwərt, ˈwȯrt\ noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English wyrt root, herb, plant — more at root
Date: before 12th century
: plant; especially : an herbaceous plant — usually used in combination
```
II. noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English wyrt; akin to Middle High German würze brewer's wort, Old English wyrt root, herb
Date: before 12th century
: a sweet liquid drained from mash and fermented to make beer and whiskey
美国传统词典英汉
wort 1
AHD:[wûrt, wôrt]
D.J.[wɜːt, wɔːt]
K.K.[wɝt, wɔrt]
n.（名词）
A plant. Often used in combination:
一种植物。常用于复合词：
liverwort; milkwort.
地钱；远志
```
```
语源
Middle English
中古英语
from Old English wyrt * see wrād-
源自 古英语 wyrt *参见 wrād-
wort 2
AHD:[wûrt, wôrt]
D.J.[wɜːt, wɔːt]
K.K.[wɝt, wɔrt]
n.（名词）
An infusion of malt that is fermented to make beer.
麦芽汁：浸泡过的麦芽，发酵后用于酿制啤酒
```
```
语源
Middle English
中古英语
from Old English wyrt * see wrād-
源自 古英语 wyrt *参见 wrād-
```
129
Etymonline
seminary
seminary (n.)
mid-15c., "plot where plants are raised from seeds," from L. seminarium "plant nursery," figuratively, "breeding ground," from seminarius "of seed," from semen (gen. seminis) "seed" (see semen). Meaning "school for training priests" first recorded 1580s; commonly used for any school (especially academies for young ladies) from 1580s to 1930s. Seminarian "seminary student" is attested from 1580s.
韦氏大学
sem·i·nary
\ˈse-mə-ˌner-ē\ noun
(plural -nar·ies)
Etymology: Middle English, seedbed, nursery, from Latin seminarium, from semin-, semen seed
Date: 1542
1. : an environment in which something originates and from which it is propagated
2.
a. : an institution of secondary or higher education
b. : an institution for the training of candidates for the priesthood, ministry, or rabbinate
美国传统词典英汉
sem.i.nar.y
AHD:[sĕmʹə-nĕr'ē]
D.J.[ˈseməˌneriː]
K.K.[ˈsɛməˌnɛri]
n.（名词）
【复数】 sem.i.nar.ies 缩写 sem.
A school, especially a theological school for the training of priests, ministers, or rabbis.
神学院：学院，尤指培训神父、教师、或犹太教教士的神学院
A school of higher education, especially a private school for girls.
高等学院：高等教育的学院，尤指私立的女子学院
A place or environment in which something is developed or nurtured.
温床：某物得以发展或养育的场所或环境
```
语源
Middle English [seed plot]
中古英语 [苗床]
from Latin sēminārium
源自 拉丁语 sēminārium
from sēminārius [of seed]
源自 sēminārius [种子的]
from sēmen sēmin- [seed] * see sē-
源自 sēmen sēmin- [种子] *参见 sē-
```
Etymonline
seminary
seminary (n.)
mid-15c., "plot where plants are raised from seeds," from L. seminarium "plant nursery," figuratively, "breeding ground," from seminarius "of seed," from semen (gen. seminis) "seed" (see semen). Meaning "school for training priests" first recorded 1580s; commonly used for any school (especially academies for young ladies) from 1580s to 1930s. Seminarian "seminary student" is attested from 1580s.
韦氏大学
sem·i·nary
\ˈse-mə-ˌner-ē\ noun
(plural -nar·ies)
Etymology: Middle English, seedbed, nursery, from Latin seminarium, from semin-, semen seed
Date: 1542
1. : an environment in which something originates and from which it is propagated
2.
a. : an institution of secondary or higher education
b. : an institution for the training of candidates for the priesthood, ministry, or rabbinate
美国传统词典英汉
sem.i.nar.y
AHD:[sĕmʹə-nĕr'ē]
D.J.[ˈseməˌneriː]
K.K.[ˈsɛməˌnɛri]
n.（名词）
【复数】 sem.i.nar.ies 缩写 sem.
A school, especially a theological school for the training of priests, ministers, or rabbis.
神学院：学院，尤指培训神父、教师、或犹太教教士的神学院
A school of higher education, especially a private school for girls.
高等学院：高等教育的学院，尤指私立的女子学院
A place or environment in which something is developed or nurtured.
温床：某物得以发展或养育的场所或环境
```
语源
Middle English [seed plot]
中古英语 [苗床]
from Latin sēminārium
源自 拉丁语 sēminārium
from sēminārius [of seed]
源自 sēminārius [种子的]
from sēmen sēmin- [seed] * see sē-
源自 sēmen sēmin- [种子] *参见 sē-
```
130
seminal (adj.)
late 14c., "of seed or semen," from O.Fr. seminal (14c.), from L. seminalis, from semen (gen. seminis) "seed" (see semen). Figurative sense of "full of possibilities" is attested from 1630s.
韦氏大学
sem·i·nal
\ˈse-mə-nəl\ adjective
Etymology: Middle English, from Latin seminalis, from semin-, semen seed — more at semen
Date: 14th century
1. : of, relating to, or consisting of seed or semen
2. : containing or contributing the seeds of later development : creative, original
• sem·i·nal·ly \-nəl-ē\ adverb
美国传统词典英汉
sem.i.nal
AHD:[sĕmʹə-nəl]
D.J.[ˈsemənəl]
K.K.[ˈsɛmənəl]
adj.（形容词）
Of, relating to, containing, or conveying semen or seed.
精液的，种子的：属于，关于，包含，或输送精液的或种的
Of, relating to, or having the power to originate; creative.
开创性的：属于，关于，或具有发生的力量的；创造性的
Highly influential in an original way; constituting or providing a basis for further development.
有重大影响的：以独创的方式产生巨大影响的；组成或提供进一步发展的基础的
```
语源
Middle English
中古英语
from Old French
源自 古法语
from Latin sēminālis
源自 拉丁语 sēminālis
from sēmen sēmin- [seed] * see semen
源自 sēmen sēmin- [种子] *参见 semen
```
继承用法
semʹinally adv.（副词）
seminal (adj.)
late 14c., "of seed or semen," from O.Fr. seminal (14c.), from L. seminalis, from semen (gen. seminis) "seed" (see semen). Figurative sense of "full of possibilities" is attested from 1630s.
韦氏大学
sem·i·nal
\ˈse-mə-nəl\ adjective
Etymology: Middle English, from Latin seminalis, from semin-, semen seed — more at semen
Date: 14th century
1. : of, relating to, or consisting of seed or semen
2. : containing or contributing the seeds of later development : creative, original
• sem·i·nal·ly \-nəl-ē\ adverb
美国传统词典英汉
sem.i.nal
AHD:[sĕmʹə-nəl]
D.J.[ˈsemənəl]
K.K.[ˈsɛmənəl]
adj.（形容词）
Of, relating to, containing, or conveying semen or seed.
精液的，种子的：属于，关于，包含，或输送精液的或种的
Of, relating to, or having the power to originate; creative.
开创性的：属于，关于，或具有发生的力量的；创造性的
Highly influential in an original way; constituting or providing a basis for further development.
有重大影响的：以独创的方式产生巨大影响的；组成或提供进一步发展的基础的
```
语源
Middle English
中古英语
from Old French
源自 古法语
from Latin sēminālis
源自 拉丁语 sēminālis
from sēmen sēmin- [seed] * see semen
源自 sēmen sēmin- [种子] *参见 semen
```
继承用法
semʹinally adv.（副词）
131
avid (adj.)
1769, from Fr. avide (15c.), from L. avidus "longing eagerly, desirous, greedy," from avere "to desire eagerly." Also in part a back-formation from avidity. Related: Avidly.
韦氏大学
av·id
\ˈa-vəd\ adjective
Etymology: French or Latin; French avide, from Latin avidus, from avēre to desire, crave; akin to Welsh ewyllys desire, Old Irish con-oí he protects
Date: 1769
1. : desirous to the point of greed : urgently eager : greedy
2. : characterized by enthusiasm and vigorous pursuit
```
Synonyms: see eager
• av·id·ly adverb
• av·id·ness noun
美国传统词典英汉
av.id
AHD:[ăvʹĭd]
D.J.[ˈævɪd]
K.K.[ˈævɪd]
adj.（形容词）
Having an ardent desire or unbounded craving; greedy:
渴求的：有着热切的渴望或无限的要求的；贪婪的：
avid for adventure.
渴求冒险
Marked by keen interest and enthusiasm:
殷切的：以强烈的兴趣和热情为特征的：
an avid sports fan.See Synonyms at eager 1
殷切的体育爱好者参见 eager1
```
```
语源
Latin avidus
拉丁语 avidus
from avēre [to desire]
源自 avēre [渴望]
```
继承用法
avʹidly adv.（副词）
avid (adj.)
1769, from Fr. avide (15c.), from L. avidus "longing eagerly, desirous, greedy," from avere "to desire eagerly." Also in part a back-formation from avidity. Related: Avidly.
韦氏大学
av·id
\ˈa-vəd\ adjective
Etymology: French or Latin; French avide, from Latin avidus, from avēre to desire, crave; akin to Welsh ewyllys desire, Old Irish con-oí he protects
Date: 1769
1. : desirous to the point of greed : urgently eager : greedy
2. : characterized by enthusiasm and vigorous pursuit
```
Synonyms: see eager
• av·id·ly adverb
• av·id·ness noun
美国传统词典英汉
av.id
AHD:[ăvʹĭd]
D.J.[ˈævɪd]
K.K.[ˈævɪd]
adj.（形容词）
Having an ardent desire or unbounded craving; greedy:
渴求的：有着热切的渴望或无限的要求的；贪婪的：
avid for adventure.
渴求冒险
Marked by keen interest and enthusiasm:
殷切的：以强烈的兴趣和热情为特征的：
an avid sports fan.See Synonyms at eager 1
殷切的体育爱好者参见 eager1
```
```
语源
Latin avidus
拉丁语 avidus
from avēre [to desire]
源自 avēre [渴望]
```
继承用法
avʹidly adv.（副词）
132
Etymonline
caviar
caviar (n.)
1550s, from Fr. caviar (16c.), from Italian or Turkish, from Pers. khaviyar, from khaya "egg" (from M.Pers. khayak "egg," from Old Iranian *qvyaka-, dim. of *avya-, from PIE *owyo-/*oyyo- "egg" see egg) + dar "bearing."
韦氏大学
cav·i·ar
noun
also cav·i·are \ˈka-vē-ˌär also ˈkä-\
Etymology: earlier cavery, caviarie, from obsolete Italian caviari, plural of caviaro, from Turkish havyar
Date: circa 1560
1. : processed salted roe of large fish (as sturgeon)
2. : something considered too delicate or lofty for mass appreciation — usually used in the phrase caviar to the general
3. : something considered the best of its kind
```
美国传统词典英汉
caviar 也作 cav.i.are
AHD:[kăvʹē-är', käʹvē-]
D.J.[ˈkæviːˌɑː, ˈkɑːviː-]
K.K.[ˈkæviˌɑr, ˈkɑvi-]
n.（名词）
The roe of a large fish, especially sturgeon, that is salted, seasoned, and eaten as a delicacy or relish.
鱼子酱：大鱼、尤其是鲟鱼的被腌制、加味并当作美味或调整味品食用的卵
```
语源
Alteration of caviarie probably from obsolete Italian caviari [pl. of] caviaro
caviarie的变化 可能源自 已废意大利语 caviari [] caviaro的复数
or from French caviare
或源自 法语 caviare
both from Turkish havyar
都源自 土耳其语 havyar
from Persian khāvyār ; akin to khāyah [egg]
源自 波斯语 khāvyār ；类似于 khāyah [蛋]
from Middle Persian khāyak * see awi-
源自 中古波斯语 khāyak *参见 awi-
注释
Although caviar might seem to be something quintessentially Russian,the wordcaviar is not a native one, the Russian term beingikra. Caviar first came into English in the 16th century,probably by way of French and Italian,which, along with other European languages, borrowed it from Turkishhavyar. The source of the Turkish word is apparently an Iranian dialectal form related to the Persian word for “egg,”khāyah, and this in turn goes back to the same Indo-European root that gives us the English wordsegg and oval. This rather exotic etymology is appropriate to a substance that is not to everyone's taste,giving rise to Shakespeare's famous phrase,“'twas caviary to the general,”the general public, that is.
虽然鱼子酱一词有点俄罗斯风范，但caviar 一词不是俄语， 俄语词是ikra。 Caviar 第一次出现在英语中是在16世纪，大概是来自法语和意大利语，而它们又与其它欧洲语言一起从土耳其语havyar 借用而来。 土耳其词的来源很明显是从与波斯单词“鸡蛋”khayah 有关的伊朗方言中而来， 并且由此追溯到给我们带来egg 和 oval 的同一印欧语系词根。 这种怪异的词源学不会适合所有人的口味，由此带来了莎士比亚的名言，“它是适合大众口味的鱼子酱，”即指一般公众
Etymonline
caviar
caviar (n.)
1550s, from Fr. caviar (16c.), from Italian or Turkish, from Pers. khaviyar, from khaya "egg" (from M.Pers. khayak "egg," from Old Iranian *qvyaka-, dim. of *avya-, from PIE *owyo-/*oyyo- "egg" see egg) + dar "bearing."
韦氏大学
cav·i·ar
noun
also cav·i·are \ˈka-vē-ˌär also ˈkä-\
Etymology: earlier cavery, caviarie, from obsolete Italian caviari, plural of caviaro, from Turkish havyar
Date: circa 1560
1. : processed salted roe of large fish (as sturgeon)
2. : something considered too delicate or lofty for mass appreciation — usually used in the phrase caviar to the general
3. : something considered the best of its kind
```
美国传统词典英汉
caviar 也作 cav.i.are
AHD:[kăvʹē-är', käʹvē-]
D.J.[ˈkæviːˌɑː, ˈkɑːviː-]
K.K.[ˈkæviˌɑr, ˈkɑvi-]
n.（名词）
The roe of a large fish, especially sturgeon, that is salted, seasoned, and eaten as a delicacy or relish.
鱼子酱：大鱼、尤其是鲟鱼的被腌制、加味并当作美味或调整味品食用的卵
```
语源
Alteration of caviarie probably from obsolete Italian caviari [pl. of] caviaro
caviarie的变化 可能源自 已废意大利语 caviari [] caviaro的复数
or from French caviare
或源自 法语 caviare
both from Turkish havyar
都源自 土耳其语 havyar
from Persian khāvyār ; akin to khāyah [egg]
源自 波斯语 khāvyār ；类似于 khāyah [蛋]
from Middle Persian khāyak * see awi-
源自 中古波斯语 khāyak *参见 awi-
注释
Although caviar might seem to be something quintessentially Russian,the wordcaviar is not a native one, the Russian term beingikra. Caviar first came into English in the 16th century,probably by way of French and Italian,which, along with other European languages, borrowed it from Turkishhavyar. The source of the Turkish word is apparently an Iranian dialectal form related to the Persian word for “egg,”khāyah, and this in turn goes back to the same Indo-European root that gives us the English wordsegg and oval. This rather exotic etymology is appropriate to a substance that is not to everyone's taste,giving rise to Shakespeare's famous phrase,“'twas caviary to the general,”the general public, that is.
虽然鱼子酱一词有点俄罗斯风范，但caviar 一词不是俄语， 俄语词是ikra。 Caviar 第一次出现在英语中是在16世纪，大概是来自法语和意大利语，而它们又与其它欧洲语言一起从土耳其语havyar 借用而来。 土耳其词的来源很明显是从与波斯单词“鸡蛋”khayah 有关的伊朗方言中而来， 并且由此追溯到给我们带来egg 和 oval 的同一印欧语系词根。 这种怪异的词源学不会适合所有人的口味，由此带来了莎士比亚的名言，“它是适合大众口味的鱼子酱，”即指一般公众
133
osprey (n.)
fishing hawk, mid-15c., from Anglo-Fr. ospriet, from M.L. avis prede "bird of prey," from L. avis praedæ, a generic term apparently confused with this specific bird in Old French on its similarity to ossifrage.
韦氏大学
os·prey
\ˈäs-prē, -ˌprā\ noun
(plural ospreys)
Etymology: Middle English ospray, from Anglo-French *osfraie, from Latin ossifraga, a bird of prey
Date: 15th century
1. : a large fish-eating hawk (Pandion haliaetus) with long wings that is dark brown above and mostly pure white below
2. : a feather trimming used for millinery
[osprey 1]
美国传统词典英汉
os.prey
AHD:[ŏsʹprē, -prā]
D.J.[ˈɒspriː, -preɪ]
K.K.[ˈɑspri, -pre]
n.（名词）
【复数】 os.preys
A fish-eating hawk(Pandion haliaetus) having plumage that is dark on the back and white below. Also called fish hawk
鹗：一种鱼鹰（鹗 鹗科） ，背上羽毛为黑色、腹部羽毛为白色 也作 fish hawk
A plume formerly used to trim women's hats.
装饰羽毛：用作装饰妇女女帽的羽毛
语源
Middle English osprai
中古英语 osprai
from Anglo-Norman ospreit
源自 英法语 ospreit
from Medieval Latin avis prede [bird of prey]
源自 中世纪拉丁语 avis prede [食肉猛禽]
Latin avis [bird] * see awi-
拉丁语 avis [鸟] *参见 awi-
Latin praedae [genitive of] praeda [booty, prey] * see ghend-
拉丁语 praedae [] praeda的所有格 [缴获物，捕获物] *参见 ghend-
osprey (n.)
fishing hawk, mid-15c., from Anglo-Fr. ospriet, from M.L. avis prede "bird of prey," from L. avis praedæ, a generic term apparently confused with this specific bird in Old French on its similarity to ossifrage.
韦氏大学
os·prey
\ˈäs-prē, -ˌprā\ noun
(plural ospreys)
Etymology: Middle English ospray, from Anglo-French *osfraie, from Latin ossifraga, a bird of prey
Date: 15th century
1. : a large fish-eating hawk (Pandion haliaetus) with long wings that is dark brown above and mostly pure white below
2. : a feather trimming used for millinery
[osprey 1]
美国传统词典英汉
os.prey
AHD:[ŏsʹprē, -prā]
D.J.[ˈɒspriː, -preɪ]
K.K.[ˈɑspri, -pre]
n.（名词）
【复数】 os.preys
A fish-eating hawk(Pandion haliaetus) having plumage that is dark on the back and white below. Also called fish hawk
鹗：一种鱼鹰（鹗 鹗科） ，背上羽毛为黑色、腹部羽毛为白色 也作 fish hawk
A plume formerly used to trim women's hats.
装饰羽毛：用作装饰妇女女帽的羽毛
语源
Middle English osprai
中古英语 osprai
from Anglo-Norman ospreit
源自 英法语 ospreit
from Medieval Latin avis prede [bird of prey]
源自 中世纪拉丁语 avis prede [食肉猛禽]
Latin avis [bird] * see awi-
拉丁语 avis [鸟] *参见 awi-
Latin praedae [genitive of] praeda [booty, prey] * see ghend-
拉丁语 praedae [] praeda的所有格 [缴获物，捕获物] *参见 ghend-
134
Etymonline
inaugurate
inaugurate (v.)
c.1600, a back formation from inauguration and also from L. inauguratus, pp. of inaugurare (see inauguration). Related: Inaugurated; inaugurating.
韦氏大学
in·au·gu·rate
\i-ˈnȯ-gyə-ˌrāt, -gə-ˌrāt\ transitive verb
(-rat·ed ; -rat·ing)
Etymology: Latin inauguratus, past participle of inaugurare, literally, to practice augury, from in- + augurare to augur; from the rites connected with augury
Date: 1606
1. : to induct into an office with suitable ceremonies
2.
a. : to dedicate ceremoniously : observe formally the beginning of
```
b. : to bring about the beginning of
Synonyms: see begin
• in·au·gu·ra·tor \-ˌrā-tər\ noun
美国传统词典英汉
in.au.gu.rate
AHD:[ĭn-ôʹgyə-rāt']
D.J.[ɪnˈɔːgjəˌreɪt]
K.K.[ɪnˈɔgjəˌret]
v.tr.（及物动词）
in.au.gu.rat.ed, in.au.gu.rat.ing, in.au.gu.rates
To induct into office by a formal ceremony.
就职：通过正式的就职典礼而就任职位
To cause to begin, especially officially or formally:
开创：开创、开始，尤指官方的或正式的：
inaugurate a new immigration policy.See Synonyms at begin
创制新的移民政策参见 begin
To open or begin use of formally with a ceremony; dedicate:
开幕：以一个正式典礼开始或起用；举行落成仪式：
inaugurate a community center.
举行一个社区中心的落成仪式
```
语源
Latin inaugurāre inaugurāt-
拉丁语 inaugurāre inaugurāt-
in- [intensive pref.] * see in- 2
in- [前缀，用于加强语意] *参见 in-2
augurāre [to augur] from augur [soothsayer] * see aug-
augurāre [预示，预兆] 源自 augur [算命先生] *参见 aug-
继承用法
inauʹgura'tor n.（名词）
Etymonline
inaugurate
inaugurate (v.)
c.1600, a back formation from inauguration and also from L. inauguratus, pp. of inaugurare (see inauguration). Related: Inaugurated; inaugurating.
韦氏大学
in·au·gu·rate
\i-ˈnȯ-gyə-ˌrāt, -gə-ˌrāt\ transitive verb
(-rat·ed ; -rat·ing)
Etymology: Latin inauguratus, past participle of inaugurare, literally, to practice augury, from in- + augurare to augur; from the rites connected with augury
Date: 1606
1. : to induct into an office with suitable ceremonies
2.
a. : to dedicate ceremoniously : observe formally the beginning of
```
b. : to bring about the beginning of
Synonyms: see begin
• in·au·gu·ra·tor \-ˌrā-tər\ noun
美国传统词典英汉
in.au.gu.rate
AHD:[ĭn-ôʹgyə-rāt']
D.J.[ɪnˈɔːgjəˌreɪt]
K.K.[ɪnˈɔgjəˌret]
v.tr.（及物动词）
in.au.gu.rat.ed, in.au.gu.rat.ing, in.au.gu.rates
To induct into office by a formal ceremony.
就职：通过正式的就职典礼而就任职位
To cause to begin, especially officially or formally:
开创：开创、开始，尤指官方的或正式的：
inaugurate a new immigration policy.See Synonyms at begin
创制新的移民政策参见 begin
To open or begin use of formally with a ceremony; dedicate:
开幕：以一个正式典礼开始或起用；举行落成仪式：
inaugurate a community center.
举行一个社区中心的落成仪式
```
语源
Latin inaugurāre inaugurāt-
拉丁语 inaugurāre inaugurāt-
in- [intensive pref.] * see in- 2
in- [前缀，用于加强语意] *参见 in-2
augurāre [to augur] from augur [soothsayer] * see aug-
augurāre [预示，预兆] 源自 augur [算命先生] *参见 aug-
继承用法
inauʹgura'tor n.（名词）
135
```
augury
augury (n.)
late 14c., "divination from the flight of birds," from O.Fr. augure "divination, soothsaying, sorcery, enchantment," or directly from L. augurium "divination, the observation and interpretation of omens" (see augur). Figurative sense of "omen, portent, indication" is from 1797 (also often in plural as auguries).
韦氏大学
au·gu·ry
\ˈȯ-gyə-rē, -gə-\ noun
(plural -ries)
Date: 14th century
1. : divination from auspices or omens; also : an instance of this
2. : omen, portent
美国传统词典英汉
au.gu.ry
AHD:[ôʹgyə-rē]
D.J.[ˈɔːgjəriː]
K.K.[ˈɔgjəri]
n.（名词）
【复数】 au.gu.ries
The art, ability, or practice of auguring; divination.
占卜仪式：占卜的方式、能力或作法；预言
A sign of something coming; an omen.
预兆：预示某物来临的迹象；预兆
```
```
语源
Middle English augurie
中古英语 augurie
from Old French
源自 古法语
from Latin augurium
源自 拉丁语 augurium
from augur [augur] * see augur
源自 augur [预测] *参见 augur
```
```
augury
augury (n.)
late 14c., "divination from the flight of birds," from O.Fr. augure "divination, soothsaying, sorcery, enchantment," or directly from L. augurium "divination, the observation and interpretation of omens" (see augur). Figurative sense of "omen, portent, indication" is from 1797 (also often in plural as auguries).
韦氏大学
au·gu·ry
\ˈȯ-gyə-rē, -gə-\ noun
(plural -ries)
Date: 14th century
1. : divination from auspices or omens; also : an instance of this
2. : omen, portent
美国传统词典英汉
au.gu.ry
AHD:[ôʹgyə-rē]
D.J.[ˈɔːgjəriː]
K.K.[ˈɔgjəri]
n.（名词）
【复数】 au.gu.ries
The art, ability, or practice of auguring; divination.
占卜仪式：占卜的方式、能力或作法；预言
A sign of something coming; an omen.
预兆：预示某物来临的迹象；预兆
```
```
语源
Middle English augurie
中古英语 augurie
from Old French
源自 古法语
from Latin augurium
源自 拉丁语 augurium
from augur [augur] * see augur
源自 augur [预测] *参见 augur
```
136
```
avi·a·trix
\ˌā-vē-ˈā-triks, ˌa-\ noun
(plural avi·a·trix·es \-trik-səz \ ; or avi·a·tri·ces \-trə-ˌsēz\)
Date: 1910
: a woman who is an aviator
美国传统词典英汉
a.vi.a.trix
AHD:[ā'vē-āʹtrĭks, ăv'ē-]
D.J.[ˌeɪviːˈeɪtrɪks, ˌæviː-]
K.K.[ˌeviˈetrɪks, ˌævi-]
n.（名词）
A woman who operates an aircraft; a woman pilot.
女驾驶员：操纵飞机的女性；女性飞行员
```
```
avi·a·trix
\ˌā-vē-ˈā-triks, ˌa-\ noun
(plural avi·a·trix·es \-trik-səz \ ; or avi·a·tri·ces \-trə-ˌsēz\)
Date: 1910
: a woman who is an aviator
美国传统词典英汉
a.vi.a.trix
AHD:[ā'vē-āʹtrĭks, ăv'ē-]
D.J.[ˌeɪviːˈeɪtrɪks, ˌæviː-]
K.K.[ˌeviˈetrɪks, ˌævi-]
n.（名词）
A woman who operates an aircraft; a woman pilot.
女驾驶员：操纵飞机的女性；女性飞行员
```
137
```
韦氏大学
avi·ate
\ˈā-vē-ˌāt, ˈa-\ intransitive verb
(-at·ed ; -at·ing)
Etymology: back-formation from aviation
Date: 1887
: to navigate the air (as in an airplane)
美国传统词典英汉
a.vi.ate
AHD:[āʹvē-āt', ăvʹē-]
D.J.[ˈeɪviːˌeɪt, ˈæviː-]
K.K.[ˈeviˌet, ˈævi-]
v.intr.（不及物动词）
a.vi.at.ed, a.vi.at.ing, a.vi.ates
To operate an aircraft; fly.
驾驶：操纵飞机；飞行
```
语源
Back-formation from aviation
源自 aviation的逆构词
```
韦氏大学
avi·ate
\ˈā-vē-ˌāt, ˈa-\ intransitive verb
(-at·ed ; -at·ing)
Etymology: back-formation from aviation
Date: 1887
: to navigate the air (as in an airplane)
美国传统词典英汉
a.vi.ate
AHD:[āʹvē-āt', ăvʹē-]
D.J.[ˈeɪviːˌeɪt, ˈæviː-]
K.K.[ˈeviˌet, ˈævi-]
v.intr.（不及物动词）
a.vi.at.ed, a.vi.at.ing, a.vi.ates
To operate an aircraft; fly.
驾驶：操纵飞机；飞行
```
语源
Back-formation from aviation
源自 aviation的逆构词
138
feral
feral (adj.)
c.1600, from M.Fr. feral "wild," from L. fera, in phrase fera bestia "wild animal," from ferus "wild" (see fierce).
韦氏大学
fe·ral
\ˈfir-əl, ˈfer-; ˈfe-rəl\ adjective
Etymology: Medieval Latin feralis, from Latin fera wild animal, from feminine of ferus wild — more at fierce
Date: 1604
1. : of, relating to, or suggestive of a wild beast
2.
a. : not domesticated or cultivated : wild
b. : having escaped from domestication and become wild
```
Synonyms: see brutal
• feral noun
美国传统词典英汉
fe.ral
AHD:[fîrʹəl, fĕrʹ-]
D.J.[ˈfɪərəl, ˈfer-]
K.K.[ˈfɪrəl, ˈfɛr-]
adj.（形容词）
Existing in a wild or untamed state.
野性的：处于一种野性或未驯服的状态
Having returned to an untamed state from domestication.
从驯服到变野的状态的
Of or suggestive of a wild animal; savage:
野兽般的；凶残的：
a feral grin.
野兽般地咧嘴（笑）
```
```
语源
From Latin fera [wild animal]
源自 拉丁语 fera [野兽]
from ferus [wild] * see ghwer-
源自 ferus [野性的] *参见 ghwer-
```
feral
feral (adj.)
c.1600, from M.Fr. feral "wild," from L. fera, in phrase fera bestia "wild animal," from ferus "wild" (see fierce).
韦氏大学
fe·ral
\ˈfir-əl, ˈfer-; ˈfe-rəl\ adjective
Etymology: Medieval Latin feralis, from Latin fera wild animal, from feminine of ferus wild — more at fierce
Date: 1604
1. : of, relating to, or suggestive of a wild beast
2.
a. : not domesticated or cultivated : wild
b. : having escaped from domestication and become wild
```
Synonyms: see brutal
• feral noun
美国传统词典英汉
fe.ral
AHD:[fîrʹəl, fĕrʹ-]
D.J.[ˈfɪərəl, ˈfer-]
K.K.[ˈfɪrəl, ˈfɛr-]
adj.（形容词）
Existing in a wild or untamed state.
野性的：处于一种野性或未驯服的状态
Having returned to an untamed state from domestication.
从驯服到变野的状态的
Of or suggestive of a wild animal; savage:
野兽般的；凶残的：
a feral grin.
野兽般地咧嘴（笑）
```
```
语源
From Latin fera [wild animal]
源自 拉丁语 fera [野兽]
from ferus [wild] * see ghwer-
源自 ferus [野性的] *参见 ghwer-
```
139
```
my·ia·sis
\mī-ˈī-ə-səs, mē-\ noun
(plural my·ia·ses \-ˌsēz\)
Etymology: New Latin, from Greek myia fly — more at midge
Date: 1837
: infestation with fly maggots
美国传统词典英汉
my.ia.sis
AHD:[mīʹə-sĭs, mī-īʹə-sĭs]
D.J.[ˈmaɪəsɪs, maɪˈaɪəsɪs]
K.K.[ˈmaɪəsɪs, maɪˈaɪəsɪs]
n.（名词）
【复数】 my.ia.ses[mīʹə-sēz']
Infestation of tissue by fly larvae.
蝇蛆的组织传染
A disease resulting from infestation of tissue by fly larvae.
蝇蛆病：由蝇蛆的组织传染而引起的疾病
```
```
语源
Greek muia, mua [fly]
希腊语 muia, mua [蝇]
-iasis
-iasis
```
```
my·ia·sis
\mī-ˈī-ə-səs, mē-\ noun
(plural my·ia·ses \-ˌsēz\)
Etymology: New Latin, from Greek myia fly — more at midge
Date: 1837
: infestation with fly maggots
美国传统词典英汉
my.ia.sis
AHD:[mīʹə-sĭs, mī-īʹə-sĭs]
D.J.[ˈmaɪəsɪs, maɪˈaɪəsɪs]
K.K.[ˈmaɪəsɪs, maɪˈaɪəsɪs]
n.（名词）
【复数】 my.ia.ses[mīʹə-sēz']
Infestation of tissue by fly larvae.
蝇蛆的组织传染
A disease resulting from infestation of tissue by fly larvae.
蝇蛆病：由蝇蛆的组织传染而引起的疾病
```
```
语源
Greek muia, mua [fly]
希腊语 muia, mua [蝇]
-iasis
-iasis
```
140
mus·ca·rine
\ˈməs-kə-ˌrēn\ noun
Etymology: German Muskarin, from New Latin (Amanita) muscaria fly agaric
Date: 1872
: a toxic alkaloid base [C9H20NO2]+ that is biochemically related to acetylcholine, is found especially in fly agaric, and acts directly on smooth muscle
美国传统词典英汉
mus.ca.rine
AHD:[mŭsʹkə-rēn']
D.J.[ˈmʌskəˌriːn]
K.K.[ˈmʌskəˌrin]
n.（名词）
A highly toxic alkaloid, C9H 20NO 2, related to the cholines, derived from the red form of the mushroom Amanita muscaria and found in decaying animal tissue.
蝇蕈碱：一种与胆碱有关的剧毒生物碱，C9H 20NO 2，由蘑菇 蕈毒鹅膏 的红色组织提取而出，在腐烂的动物组织中也可发现
语源
New Latin muscaria [Amanita species] from Latin muscārius [of flies] from musca [fly]
现代拉丁语 muscaria [鹅膏种] 源自 拉丁语 muscārius [与苍蝇有关] 源自 musca [苍蝇]
-ine 2
-ine2
继承用法
mus'carinʹic AHD:[-rĭnʹĭk] （形容词）
mus·ca·rine
\ˈməs-kə-ˌrēn\ noun
Etymology: German Muskarin, from New Latin (Amanita) muscaria fly agaric
Date: 1872
: a toxic alkaloid base [C9H20NO2]+ that is biochemically related to acetylcholine, is found especially in fly agaric, and acts directly on smooth muscle
美国传统词典英汉
mus.ca.rine
AHD:[mŭsʹkə-rēn']
D.J.[ˈmʌskəˌriːn]
K.K.[ˈmʌskəˌrin]
n.（名词）
A highly toxic alkaloid, C9H 20NO 2, related to the cholines, derived from the red form of the mushroom Amanita muscaria and found in decaying animal tissue.
蝇蕈碱：一种与胆碱有关的剧毒生物碱，C9H 20NO 2，由蘑菇 蕈毒鹅膏 的红色组织提取而出，在腐烂的动物组织中也可发现
语源
New Latin muscaria [Amanita species] from Latin muscārius [of flies] from musca [fly]
现代拉丁语 muscaria [鹅膏种] 源自 拉丁语 muscārius [与苍蝇有关] 源自 musca [苍蝇]
-ine 2
-ine2
继承用法
mus'carinʹic AHD:[-rĭnʹĭk] （形容词）
141
```
rant
rant (n.)
1640s, from rant (v.).
Etymonline
rant
rant (v.)
1590s, from Du. randten "talk foolishly, rave," of unknown origin (cf. Ger. rantzen "to frolic, spring about"). Related: Ranted; ranting. Ranters "antinomian sect which arose in England c.1645" is attested from 1651; applied 1823 to early Methodists. A 1700 slang dictionary has rantipole "a rude wild Boy or Girl."
韦氏大学
rant
I. \ˈrant\ verb
Etymology: obsolete Dutch ranten, randen
Date: 1601
intransitive verb
1. : to talk in a noisy, excited, or declamatory manner
2. : to scold vehemently
transitive verb
: to utter in a bombastic declamatory fashion
• rant·er noun
• rant·ing·ly \ˈran-tiŋ-lē\ adverb
II. noun
Date: 1649
1.
a. : a bombastic extravagant speech
b. : bombastic extravagant language
2. dialect British : a rousing good time
美国传统词典英汉
rant
AHD:[rănt]
D.J.[rænt]
K.K.[rænt]
v.（动词）
rant.ed, rant.ing, rants
v.intr.（不及物动词）
To speak or declaim in a violent, loud, or vehement manner; rave.
大叫大嚷，夸夸其谈：用粗野的，极大的声音或粗野的态度说话或下结论；大声责骂
v.tr.（及物动词）
To utter with violence or extravagance:
大声说出：用激情或夸张表达观点：
a dictator who ranted his vitriol onto a captive audience.
一个向驯服的听众们大声兜售尖刻观点的独裁者
n.（名词）
Violent, loud, or extravagant speech.See Synonyms at bombast
粗野的话，喧闹的话，夸大的话参见 bombast
Chiefly British Wild or uproarious merriment.
【多用于英国】 狂欢：粗野或喧闹的寻欢作乐
```
语源
Probably from obsolete Dutch ranten
可能源自 已废荷兰语 ranten
继承用法
rantʹer n.（名词）
```
rant
rant (n.)
1640s, from rant (v.).
Etymonline
rant
rant (v.)
1590s, from Du. randten "talk foolishly, rave," of unknown origin (cf. Ger. rantzen "to frolic, spring about"). Related: Ranted; ranting. Ranters "antinomian sect which arose in England c.1645" is attested from 1651; applied 1823 to early Methodists. A 1700 slang dictionary has rantipole "a rude wild Boy or Girl."
韦氏大学
rant
I. \ˈrant\ verb
Etymology: obsolete Dutch ranten, randen
Date: 1601
intransitive verb
1. : to talk in a noisy, excited, or declamatory manner
2. : to scold vehemently
transitive verb
: to utter in a bombastic declamatory fashion
• rant·er noun
• rant·ing·ly \ˈran-tiŋ-lē\ adverb
II. noun
Date: 1649
1.
a. : a bombastic extravagant speech
b. : bombastic extravagant language
2. dialect British : a rousing good time
美国传统词典英汉
rant
AHD:[rănt]
D.J.[rænt]
K.K.[rænt]
v.（动词）
rant.ed, rant.ing, rants
v.intr.（不及物动词）
To speak or declaim in a violent, loud, or vehement manner; rave.
大叫大嚷，夸夸其谈：用粗野的，极大的声音或粗野的态度说话或下结论；大声责骂
v.tr.（及物动词）
To utter with violence or extravagance:
大声说出：用激情或夸张表达观点：
a dictator who ranted his vitriol onto a captive audience.
一个向驯服的听众们大声兜售尖刻观点的独裁者
n.（名词）
Violent, loud, or extravagant speech.See Synonyms at bombast
粗野的话，喧闹的话，夸大的话参见 bombast
Chiefly British Wild or uproarious merriment.
【多用于英国】 狂欢：粗野或喧闹的寻欢作乐
```
语源
Probably from obsolete Dutch ranten
可能源自 已废荷兰语 ranten
继承用法
rantʹer n.（名词）
142
```
1530s, as an adjective, "joyous, merry," from M.Du. vrolyc (adj.) "happy," from vro- "merry, glad," + lyc "like." Cognate of Ger. fröhlich "happy." The stem is cognate with O.N. frar "swift," M.E. frow "hasty," from PIE *preu- (see frog (n.1)), giving the whole an etymological sense akin to "jumping for joy." The verb is first attested 1580s. Related: Frolicked; frolicking. As a noun, from 1610s.
韦氏大学
frol·ic
I. \ˈfrä-lik\ adjective
Etymology: Dutch vroolijk, from Middle Dutch vrolijc, from vro happy; akin to Old High German frō happy
Date: 1538
: full of fun : merry
II. intransitive verb
(frol·icked ; frol·ick·ing)
Date: 1593
1. : to amuse oneself : make merry
2. : to play and run about happily : romp
• frol·ick·er noun
III. noun
Date: 1616
1. : a playful or mischievous action
2.
a. : an occasion or scene of fun : party
b. : fun, merriment
美国传统词典英汉
frol.ic
AHD:[frŏlʹĭk]
D.J.[ˈfrɒlɪk]
K.K.[ˈfrɑlɪk]
n.（名词）
Gaiety; merriment:
快乐；欢乐：
fun and frolic.
乐趣和欢乐
A gay, carefree time.
一段快乐，轻松的时光
A playful antic.
滑稽动作
v.intr.（不及物动词）
frol.icked, frol.ick.ing, frol.ics
To behave playfully and uninhibitedly; romp.
嬉戏：举止顽皮且无拘无束；嬉闹
To engage in merrymaking, joking, or teasing.
闹着玩：参予取乐、开玩笑或戏弄别人
adj.Archaic （形容词）【古语】
Merry.
高兴的
```
```
语源
From Dutch vrolijk [merry]
源自 荷兰语 vrolijk [欢愉的]
from Middle Dutch vrolijc
源自 中古荷兰语 vrolijc
vro [happy]
vro [幸福的]
-lijc [-like] * see līk-
-lijc [-like后缀] *参见 līk-
```
继承用法
frolʹicker n.（名词）
```
1530s, as an adjective, "joyous, merry," from M.Du. vrolyc (adj.) "happy," from vro- "merry, glad," + lyc "like." Cognate of Ger. fröhlich "happy." The stem is cognate with O.N. frar "swift," M.E. frow "hasty," from PIE *preu- (see frog (n.1)), giving the whole an etymological sense akin to "jumping for joy." The verb is first attested 1580s. Related: Frolicked; frolicking. As a noun, from 1610s.
韦氏大学
frol·ic
I. \ˈfrä-lik\ adjective
Etymology: Dutch vroolijk, from Middle Dutch vrolijc, from vro happy; akin to Old High German frō happy
Date: 1538
: full of fun : merry
II. intransitive verb
(frol·icked ; frol·ick·ing)
Date: 1593
1. : to amuse oneself : make merry
2. : to play and run about happily : romp
• frol·ick·er noun
III. noun
Date: 1616
1. : a playful or mischievous action
2.
a. : an occasion or scene of fun : party
b. : fun, merriment
美国传统词典英汉
frol.ic
AHD:[frŏlʹĭk]
D.J.[ˈfrɒlɪk]
K.K.[ˈfrɑlɪk]
n.（名词）
Gaiety; merriment:
快乐；欢乐：
fun and frolic.
乐趣和欢乐
A gay, carefree time.
一段快乐，轻松的时光
A playful antic.
滑稽动作
v.intr.（不及物动词）
frol.icked, frol.ick.ing, frol.ics
To behave playfully and uninhibitedly; romp.
嬉戏：举止顽皮且无拘无束；嬉闹
To engage in merrymaking, joking, or teasing.
闹着玩：参予取乐、开玩笑或戏弄别人
adj.Archaic （形容词）【古语】
Merry.
高兴的
```
```
语源
From Dutch vrolijk [merry]
源自 荷兰语 vrolijk [欢愉的]
from Middle Dutch vrolijc
源自 中古荷兰语 vrolijc
vro [happy]
vro [幸福的]
-lijc [-like] * see līk-
-lijc [-like后缀] *参见 līk-
```
继承用法
frolʹicker n.（名词）
143
```
Etymonline
rancid
rancid (adj.)
1640s, from L. rancidus "rank, stinking, offensive," from rancere "be spoiled or rotten," of unknown origin.
韦氏大学
ran·cid
\ˈran(t)-səd\ adjective
Etymology: Latin rancidus, from rancēre to be rancid
Date: 1646
1. : having a rank smell or taste
2. : offensive
• ran·cid·i·ty \ran-ˈsi-də-tē\ noun
• ran·cid·ness \ˈran(t)-səd-nəs\ noun
美国传统词典英汉
ran.cid
AHD:[rănʹsĭd]
D.J.[ˈrænsɪd]
K.K.[ˈrænsɪd]
adj.（形容词）
Having the disagreeable odor or taste of decomposing oils or fats; rank.
腐臭的：具有变质食油或脂肪那种难闻气味或味道的；恶臭难闻的
Repugnant; nasty:
引起反感的；恶心的：
rancid remarks.
令人恼怒的评价
```
语源
Latin rancidus [past participle of] rancēre [to stink, be rotten]
拉丁语 rancidus [] rancēre的过去分词 [发出恶臭的，腐烂的]
继承用法
rancidʹity 或 ranʹcidness n.（名词）
```
Etymonline
rancid
rancid (adj.)
1640s, from L. rancidus "rank, stinking, offensive," from rancere "be spoiled or rotten," of unknown origin.
韦氏大学
ran·cid
\ˈran(t)-səd\ adjective
Etymology: Latin rancidus, from rancēre to be rancid
Date: 1646
1. : having a rank smell or taste
2. : offensive
• ran·cid·i·ty \ran-ˈsi-də-tē\ noun
• ran·cid·ness \ˈran(t)-səd-nəs\ noun
美国传统词典英汉
ran.cid
AHD:[rănʹsĭd]
D.J.[ˈrænsɪd]
K.K.[ˈrænsɪd]
adj.（形容词）
Having the disagreeable odor or taste of decomposing oils or fats; rank.
腐臭的：具有变质食油或脂肪那种难闻气味或味道的；恶臭难闻的
Repugnant; nasty:
引起反感的；恶心的：
rancid remarks.
令人恼怒的评价
```
语源
Latin rancidus [past participle of] rancēre [to stink, be rotten]
拉丁语 rancidus [] rancēre的过去分词 [发出恶臭的，腐烂的]
继承用法
rancidʹity 或 ranʹcidness n.（名词）
144
bu·tyr·ic
\byü-ˈtir-ik\ adjective
Etymology: French butyrique, from Latin butyrum butter — more at butter
Date: 1854
: relating to or producing butyric acid
```
美国传统词典英汉
bu.tyr.ic
AHD:[by›-tîrʹĭk]
D.J.[bjuːˈtɪərɪk]
K.K.[bjuˈtɪrɪk]
adj.（形容词）
Relating to, containing, or derived from butter.
奶油的：与奶油相关的、含奶油的或从奶油中提取的
Relating to or derived from butyric acid.
丁酸的：与丁酸相关的或从其中提取的
```
语源
From Latin butyrum [butter] * see butter
源自 拉丁语 butyrum [奶油] *参见 butter
bu·tyr·ic
\byü-ˈtir-ik\ adjective
Etymology: French butyrique, from Latin butyrum butter — more at butter
Date: 1854
: relating to or producing butyric acid
```
美国传统词典英汉
bu.tyr.ic
AHD:[by›-tîrʹĭk]
D.J.[bjuːˈtɪərɪk]
K.K.[bjuˈtɪrɪk]
adj.（形容词）
Relating to, containing, or derived from butter.
奶油的：与奶油相关的、含奶油的或从奶油中提取的
Relating to or derived from butyric acid.
丁酸的：与丁酸相关的或从其中提取的
```
语源
From Latin butyrum [butter] * see butter
源自 拉丁语 butyrum [奶油] *参见 butter
145
```
bovine (adj.)
1817, from Fr. bovin (14c.), from L.L. bovinus, from L. bos (gen. bovis) "ox, cow," from PIE *gwous- (see cow). Figurative sense of "inert and stupid" is from 1855.
韦氏大学
bo·vine
I. \ˈbō-ˌvīn, -ˌvēn\ adjective
Etymology: Late Latin bovinus, from Latin bov-, bos ox, cow — more at cow
Date: 1776
1. : of, relating to, or resembling bovines and especially the ox or cow
2. : having qualities (as placidity or dullness) characteristic of oxen or cows
• bo·vine·ly adverb
• bo·vin·i·ty \bō-ˈvi-nə-tē\ noun
II. noun
Date: 1852
: any of a subfamily (Bovinae) of bovids including oxen, bison, buffalo, and their close relatives
美国传统词典英汉
bo.vine
AHD:[bōʹvīn', -vēn']
D.J.[ˈbəʊˌvaɪn, -ˌviːn]
K.K.[ˈboˌvaɪn, -ˌvin]
adj.（形容词）
Of, relating to, or resembling a ruminant mammal of the genusBos, such as an ox, cow, or buffalo.
牛科动物：牛 属的反刍哺乳动物的、与之相关的或类似之的，如公牛、母牛或水牛的
Sluggish, dull, and stolid.
牛一般的，迟钝的：行动迟缓的、单调的或獃头獃脑的
n.（名词）
An animal of the genusBos.
一种牛 属动物
```
```
语源
Late Latin bovīnus
后期拉丁语 bovīnus
from Latin bōs [cow] * see g wou-
源自 拉丁语 bōs [母牛] *参见 g wou-
```
```
bovine (adj.)
1817, from Fr. bovin (14c.), from L.L. bovinus, from L. bos (gen. bovis) "ox, cow," from PIE *gwous- (see cow). Figurative sense of "inert and stupid" is from 1855.
韦氏大学
bo·vine
I. \ˈbō-ˌvīn, -ˌvēn\ adjective
Etymology: Late Latin bovinus, from Latin bov-, bos ox, cow — more at cow
Date: 1776
1. : of, relating to, or resembling bovines and especially the ox or cow
2. : having qualities (as placidity or dullness) characteristic of oxen or cows
• bo·vine·ly adverb
• bo·vin·i·ty \bō-ˈvi-nə-tē\ noun
II. noun
Date: 1852
: any of a subfamily (Bovinae) of bovids including oxen, bison, buffalo, and their close relatives
美国传统词典英汉
bo.vine
AHD:[bōʹvīn', -vēn']
D.J.[ˈbəʊˌvaɪn, -ˌviːn]
K.K.[ˈboˌvaɪn, -ˌvin]
adj.（形容词）
Of, relating to, or resembling a ruminant mammal of the genusBos, such as an ox, cow, or buffalo.
牛科动物：牛 属的反刍哺乳动物的、与之相关的或类似之的，如公牛、母牛或水牛的
Sluggish, dull, and stolid.
牛一般的，迟钝的：行动迟缓的、单调的或獃头獃脑的
n.（名词）
An animal of the genusBos.
一种牛 属动物
```
```
语源
Late Latin bovīnus
后期拉丁语 bovīnus
from Latin bōs [cow] * see g wou-
源自 拉丁语 bōs [母牛] *参见 g wou-
```
146
```
Etymonline
bucolic
bucolic (adj.)
1610s, earlier bucolical (1520s), from L. bucolicus, from Gk. boukolikos "pastoral, rustic," from boukolos "cowherd, herdsman," from bous "cow" (see cow (n.)) + -kolos "tending," related to L. colere "to till (the ground), cultivate, dwell, inhabit" (the root of colony).
韦氏大学
bu·col·ic
\byü-ˈkä-lik\ adjective
Etymology: Latin bucolicus, from Greek boukolikos, from boukolos cowherd, from bous head of cattle + -kolos (akin to Latin colere to cultivate) — more at cow, wheel
Date: circa 1609
1. : of or relating to shepherds or herdsmen : pastoral
2.
a. : relating to or typical of rural life
b. : idyllic
• bu·col·i·cal·ly \-li-k(ə-)lē\ adverb
美国传统词典英汉
bu.col.ic
AHD:[by›-kŏlʹĭk]
D.J.[bjuːˈkɒlɪk]
K.K.[bjuˈkɑlɪk]
adj.（形容词）
Of or characteristic of the countryside or its people; rustic.See Synonyms at rural
乡下的：乡下的或乡下人的，或者具有其特征的；乡村的参见 rural
Of or characteristic of shepherds or flocks; pastoral.
牧羊人的，放羊人的：牧羊人或牧民的，或者具有其特征的；牧羊人的
n.（名词）
A pastoral poem.
田园诗，牧歌
A farmer or shepherd; a rustic.
农夫或牧羊人；乡下人
```
```
语源
Latin būcolicus [pastoral]
拉丁语 būcolicus [乡村的]
from Greek boukolikos
源自 希腊语 boukolikos
from boukolos [cowherd]
源自 boukolos [牧牛者]
bous [cow] * see g wou-
bous [奶牛] *参见 g wou-
-kolos [herdsman] * see k wel- 1
-kolos [牧人] *参见 k wel- 1
```
继承用法
bucolʹically adv.（副词）
```
Etymonline
bucolic
bucolic (adj.)
1610s, earlier bucolical (1520s), from L. bucolicus, from Gk. boukolikos "pastoral, rustic," from boukolos "cowherd, herdsman," from bous "cow" (see cow (n.)) + -kolos "tending," related to L. colere "to till (the ground), cultivate, dwell, inhabit" (the root of colony).
韦氏大学
bu·col·ic
\byü-ˈkä-lik\ adjective
Etymology: Latin bucolicus, from Greek boukolikos, from boukolos cowherd, from bous head of cattle + -kolos (akin to Latin colere to cultivate) — more at cow, wheel
Date: circa 1609
1. : of or relating to shepherds or herdsmen : pastoral
2.
a. : relating to or typical of rural life
b. : idyllic
• bu·col·i·cal·ly \-li-k(ə-)lē\ adverb
美国传统词典英汉
bu.col.ic
AHD:[by›-kŏlʹĭk]
D.J.[bjuːˈkɒlɪk]
K.K.[bjuˈkɑlɪk]
adj.（形容词）
Of or characteristic of the countryside or its people; rustic.See Synonyms at rural
乡下的：乡下的或乡下人的，或者具有其特征的；乡村的参见 rural
Of or characteristic of shepherds or flocks; pastoral.
牧羊人的，放羊人的：牧羊人或牧民的，或者具有其特征的；牧羊人的
n.（名词）
A pastoral poem.
田园诗，牧歌
A farmer or shepherd; a rustic.
农夫或牧羊人；乡下人
```
```
语源
Latin būcolicus [pastoral]
拉丁语 būcolicus [乡村的]
from Greek boukolikos
源自 希腊语 boukolikos
from boukolos [cowherd]
源自 boukolos [牧牛者]
bous [cow] * see g wou-
bous [奶牛] *参见 g wou-
-kolos [herdsman] * see k wel- 1
-kolos [牧人] *参见 k wel- 1
```
继承用法
bucolʹically adv.（副词）
147
```
brunette
1660s, from Fr. brunette (masc. brunet), from O.Fr. brunet "brownish, brown-haired, dark-complexioned," fem. dim. of brun "brown" (12c.), of West Germanic origin (see brown). The metathesized form, O.Fr. burnete, is the source of the surname Burnett. Burnete also was used of a wool-dyed cloth of superior quality, originally dark brown.
韦氏大学
brunette
I. noun
see brunet I
II. adjective
see brunet II
美国传统词典英汉
bru.nette
AHD:[br›-nĕtʹ]
D.J.[bruːˈnet]
K.K.[bruˈnɛt]
adj.（形容词）
Having dark or brown hair.
有黑色头发的，有褐色头发的
n.（名词）
A girl or woman with dark or brown hair.
黑发女孩，黑发女人，褐发女孩，褐发女人：具黑色或褐色头发的女孩或女人
```
语源
French [feminine of] brunet * see brunet
法语 [] brunet的阴性词 *参见 brunet
用法
Brunette was for a long time used to denote a woman having a dark complexion; now it is used chiefly in reference to hair color.The general practice is to use the formbrunette to refer only to women, withbrunet as a less frequently used variant that can be applied as well to men and mixed groups. The distinction, like the one betweenblonde and blond, has been regarded as carrying sexist implications.In this case, however, it is difficult to see how the problem can be easily resolved.It is unlikely thatbrunette could be pressed into service as a neutral term, since the suffix-ette is too closely associated with marked feminine gender. Brunet is theoretically available for both sexes but is rarely applied to men, whose corresponding coloration is typically described simply as “brown.”It would, of course, be possible to usebrown for the hair color of both sexes, if only that word could be redeemed from the associations of drabnessthat led to the adoption of the substitutebrunette in the first place. See Usage Note at blond ,-ette
Brunette 过去很长一段时间用来指肤色黝黑的女人； 现今多用于指头发的颜色。通常brunette 只指女人， 而不如其常用的变体brunet 可用于指男人和男女都有的群体。 两词的区别正如blonde 和 blond 的区别， 被看成带有性别的含意。即使如此也很难看出如何轻易地解决两词之间区别的这一难题。brunette 不可能被看成一个中性词， 因为后缀-ette 与女性紧密联系。 Brunet 从道理上来说适用于男人和女人，但很少用于指男人。 男人相应的肤色仅用brown表述即可。当然，brown 也可适用于指男女两性的头发颜色， 只要此词不再与卖淫联系在一起。正是由于这一联系brunette 才首先被用作替代词 参见 blond,-ette
```
brunette
1660s, from Fr. brunette (masc. brunet), from O.Fr. brunet "brownish, brown-haired, dark-complexioned," fem. dim. of brun "brown" (12c.), of West Germanic origin (see brown). The metathesized form, O.Fr. burnete, is the source of the surname Burnett. Burnete also was used of a wool-dyed cloth of superior quality, originally dark brown.
韦氏大学
brunette
I. noun
see brunet I
II. adjective
see brunet II
美国传统词典英汉
bru.nette
AHD:[br›-nĕtʹ]
D.J.[bruːˈnet]
K.K.[bruˈnɛt]
adj.（形容词）
Having dark or brown hair.
有黑色头发的，有褐色头发的
n.（名词）
A girl or woman with dark or brown hair.
黑发女孩，黑发女人，褐发女孩，褐发女人：具黑色或褐色头发的女孩或女人
```
语源
French [feminine of] brunet * see brunet
法语 [] brunet的阴性词 *参见 brunet
用法
Brunette was for a long time used to denote a woman having a dark complexion; now it is used chiefly in reference to hair color.The general practice is to use the formbrunette to refer only to women, withbrunet as a less frequently used variant that can be applied as well to men and mixed groups. The distinction, like the one betweenblonde and blond, has been regarded as carrying sexist implications.In this case, however, it is difficult to see how the problem can be easily resolved.It is unlikely thatbrunette could be pressed into service as a neutral term, since the suffix-ette is too closely associated with marked feminine gender. Brunet is theoretically available for both sexes but is rarely applied to men, whose corresponding coloration is typically described simply as “brown.”It would, of course, be possible to usebrown for the hair color of both sexes, if only that word could be redeemed from the associations of drabnessthat led to the adoption of the substitutebrunette in the first place. See Usage Note at blond ,-ette
Brunette 过去很长一段时间用来指肤色黝黑的女人； 现今多用于指头发的颜色。通常brunette 只指女人， 而不如其常用的变体brunet 可用于指男人和男女都有的群体。 两词的区别正如blonde 和 blond 的区别， 被看成带有性别的含意。即使如此也很难看出如何轻易地解决两词之间区别的这一难题。brunette 不可能被看成一个中性词， 因为后缀-ette 与女性紧密联系。 Brunet 从道理上来说适用于男人和女人，但很少用于指男人。 男人相应的肤色仅用brown表述即可。当然，brown 也可适用于指男女两性的头发颜色， 只要此词不再与卖淫联系在一起。正是由于这一联系brunette 才首先被用作替代词 参见 blond,-ette
148
```
bruin
bruin (n.)
"bear," late 15c., from M.Du. Bruin, name of the bear in "Reynard the Fox" fables; lit. "brown;" cognate with O.E. brun (see brown).
韦氏大学
bru·in
\ˈbrü-ən\ noun
Etymology: Middle Dutch, name of the bear in Reynard the Fox
Date: 15th century
: bear 1
美国传统词典英汉
bru.in
AHD:[br›ʹĭn]
D.J.[ˈbruːɪn]
K.K.[ˈbruɪn]
n.（名词）
A bear.
布伦熊：熊的一种
```
语源
Middle English bruin
中古英语 bruin
name of the bear in History of Reynard the Fox , translated by William Caxton
熊的名字，列在 列那狐传奇 中，由威廉·卡克斯顿翻译
from Middle Dutch bruun, bruin [brown, name of the bear in Middle Dutch version of the fable] * see bher- 2
源自 中古荷兰语 bruun, bruin [呈棕色，中世纪荷兰版寓言中熊的名字] *参见 bher- 2
```
bruin
bruin (n.)
"bear," late 15c., from M.Du. Bruin, name of the bear in "Reynard the Fox" fables; lit. "brown;" cognate with O.E. brun (see brown).
韦氏大学
bru·in
\ˈbrü-ən\ noun
Etymology: Middle Dutch, name of the bear in Reynard the Fox
Date: 15th century
: bear 1
美国传统词典英汉
bru.in
AHD:[br›ʹĭn]
D.J.[ˈbruːɪn]
K.K.[ˈbruɪn]
n.（名词）
A bear.
布伦熊：熊的一种
```
语源
Middle English bruin
中古英语 bruin
name of the bear in History of Reynard the Fox , translated by William Caxton
熊的名字，列在 列那狐传奇 中，由威廉·卡克斯顿翻译
from Middle Dutch bruun, bruin [brown, name of the bear in Middle Dutch version of the fable] * see bher- 2
源自 中古荷兰语 bruun, bruin [呈棕色，中世纪荷兰版寓言中熊的名字] *参见 bher- 2
149
```
ursine
ursine (adj.)
"pertaining to a bear," 1550s, from L. ursinus "of or resembling a bear," from ursus "a bear," cognate with Gk. arktos (see Arctic).
韦氏大学
ur·sine
\ˈər-ˌsīn\ adjective
Etymology: Latin ursinus, from ursus bear — more at arctic
Date: circa 1550
1. : of or relating to a bear or the bear family (Ursidae)
2. : suggesting or characteristic of a bear
美国传统词典英汉
ur.sine
AHD:[ûrʹsīn']
D.J.[ˈɜːˌsaɪn]
K.K.[ˈɝˌsaɪn]
adj.（形容词）
Of or characteristic of bears or a bear.
熊的或具有熊的特征的
```
```
语源
Latin ursīnus
拉丁语 ursīnus
from ursus [bear] * see —tko-
源自 ursus [熊] *参见 —tko-
```
```
ursine
ursine (adj.)
"pertaining to a bear," 1550s, from L. ursinus "of or resembling a bear," from ursus "a bear," cognate with Gk. arktos (see Arctic).
韦氏大学
ur·sine
\ˈər-ˌsīn\ adjective
Etymology: Latin ursinus, from ursus bear — more at arctic
Date: circa 1550
1. : of or relating to a bear or the bear family (Ursidae)
2. : suggesting or characteristic of a bear
美国传统词典英汉
ur.sine
AHD:[ûrʹsīn']
D.J.[ˈɜːˌsaɪn]
K.K.[ˈɝˌsaɪn]
adj.（形容词）
Of or characteristic of bears or a bear.
熊的或具有熊的特征的
```
```
语源
Latin ursīnus
拉丁语 ursīnus
from ursus [bear] * see —tko-
源自 ursus [熊] *参见 —tko-
```
150
Etymonline
syringe
syringe (n.)
early 15c., from L.L. syringa, from Gk. syringa, accusative of syrinx "tube, hole, channel, shepherd's pipe," related to syrizein "to pipe, whistle, hiss," from PIE root *swer- (see susurration). Originally a catheter for irrigating wounds, the application to hypodermic needles is from 1884.
韦氏大学
sy·ringe
I. \sə-ˈrinj also ˈsir-inj\ noun
Etymology: Middle English syring, from Anglo-French siringe, from Medieval Latin syringa, from Late Latin, injection, from Greek syring-, syrinx panpipe, tube
Date: 14th century
: a device used to inject fluids into or withdraw them from something (as the body or its cavities): as
a. : a device that consists of a nozzle of varying length and a compressible rubber bulb and is used for injection or irrigation
b. : an instrument (as for the injection of medicine or the withdrawal of bodily fluids) that consists of a hollow barrel fitted with a plunger and a hollow needle
c. : a gravity device consisting of a reservoir fitted with a long rubber tube ending with an exchangeable nozzle that is used for irrigation of the vagina or bowel
II. transitive verb
(sy·ringed ; sy·ring·ing)
Date: 1610
: to irrigate or spray with or as if with a syringe
美国传统词典英汉
sy.ringe
AHD:[sə-rĭnjʹ, sîrʹĭnj]
D.J.[səˈrɪndʒ, ˈsɪərɪndʒ]
K.K.[səˈrɪndʒ, ˈsɪrɪndʒ]
n.（名词）
A medical instrument used to inject fluids into the body or draw them from it.
注射器：用于把液体注入身体或把液体从身体中抽出的医学器械
A hypodermic syringe.
皮下注射器
```
语源
Middle English
中古英语
alteration influenced by Late Latin sȳringēs [pl. of] sȳrinx [syrinx] * see syrinx
受 后期拉丁语 sȳringēs的影响 [] sȳrinx的复数 [管] *参见 syrinx
of syryng
syryng的变化
from Medieval Latin sȳringa
源自 中世纪拉丁语 sȳringa
from Late Latin [injection]
源自 后期拉丁语 [注射]
from Greek surinx suring- [shepherd's pipe]
源自 希腊语 surinx suring- [牧人的乐管]
```
Etymonline
syringe
syringe (n.)
early 15c., from L.L. syringa, from Gk. syringa, accusative of syrinx "tube, hole, channel, shepherd's pipe," related to syrizein "to pipe, whistle, hiss," from PIE root *swer- (see susurration). Originally a catheter for irrigating wounds, the application to hypodermic needles is from 1884.
韦氏大学
sy·ringe
I. \sə-ˈrinj also ˈsir-inj\ noun
Etymology: Middle English syring, from Anglo-French siringe, from Medieval Latin syringa, from Late Latin, injection, from Greek syring-, syrinx panpipe, tube
Date: 14th century
: a device used to inject fluids into or withdraw them from something (as the body or its cavities): as
a. : a device that consists of a nozzle of varying length and a compressible rubber bulb and is used for injection or irrigation
b. : an instrument (as for the injection of medicine or the withdrawal of bodily fluids) that consists of a hollow barrel fitted with a plunger and a hollow needle
c. : a gravity device consisting of a reservoir fitted with a long rubber tube ending with an exchangeable nozzle that is used for irrigation of the vagina or bowel
II. transitive verb
(sy·ringed ; sy·ring·ing)
Date: 1610
: to irrigate or spray with or as if with a syringe
美国传统词典英汉
sy.ringe
AHD:[sə-rĭnjʹ, sîrʹĭnj]
D.J.[səˈrɪndʒ, ˈsɪərɪndʒ]
K.K.[səˈrɪndʒ, ˈsɪrɪndʒ]
n.（名词）
A medical instrument used to inject fluids into the body or draw them from it.
注射器：用于把液体注入身体或把液体从身体中抽出的医学器械
A hypodermic syringe.
皮下注射器
```
语源
Middle English
中古英语
alteration influenced by Late Latin sȳringēs [pl. of] sȳrinx [syrinx] * see syrinx
受 后期拉丁语 sȳringēs的影响 [] sȳrinx的复数 [管] *参见 syrinx
of syryng
syryng的变化
from Medieval Latin sȳringa
源自 中世纪拉丁语 sȳringa
from Late Latin [injection]
源自 后期拉丁语 [注射]
from Greek surinx suring- [shepherd's pipe]
源自 希腊语 surinx suring- [牧人的乐管]
```
151
sy·rin·go·my·e·lia
\sə-ˌriŋ-gō-mī-ˈē-lē-ə\ noun
Etymology: New Latin, from Greek syring-, syrinx tube, fistula + New Latin myel- + -ia
Date: 1880
: a chronic progressive disease of the spinal cord associated with sensory disturbances, muscle atrophy, and spasticity
• sy·rin·go·my·el·ic \-ˈe-lik\ adjective
美国传统词典英汉
sy.rin.go.my.e.li.a
AHD:[sə-rĭng'gō-mī-ēʹlē-ə]
D.J.[səˌrɪŋgəʊmaɪˈiːliːə]
K.K.[səˌrɪŋgomaɪˈiliə]
n.（名词）
A chronic disease of the spinal cord characterized by the presence of fluid-filled cavities and leading to spasticity and sensory disturbances.
脊髓空洞症：脊髓的一种慢性疾病，以出现充满液体的体腔为特征，会导致大脑性麻痹和感觉混乱
```
语源
New Latin
现代拉丁语
Greek surinx [spinal cavity]
希腊语 surinx [脊髓腔]
Greek muelos [marrow] from mus [mouse, muscle] * see mūs-
希腊语 muelos [骨髓] 源自 mus [鼠，肌肉] *参见 mūs-
```
继承用法
syrin'gomyelʹic AHD:[-ĕlʹĭk] （形容词）
sy·rin·go·my·e·lia
\sə-ˌriŋ-gō-mī-ˈē-lē-ə\ noun
Etymology: New Latin, from Greek syring-, syrinx tube, fistula + New Latin myel- + -ia
Date: 1880
: a chronic progressive disease of the spinal cord associated with sensory disturbances, muscle atrophy, and spasticity
• sy·rin·go·my·el·ic \-ˈe-lik\ adjective
美国传统词典英汉
sy.rin.go.my.e.li.a
AHD:[sə-rĭng'gō-mī-ēʹlē-ə]
D.J.[səˌrɪŋgəʊmaɪˈiːliːə]
K.K.[səˌrɪŋgomaɪˈiliə]
n.（名词）
A chronic disease of the spinal cord characterized by the presence of fluid-filled cavities and leading to spasticity and sensory disturbances.
脊髓空洞症：脊髓的一种慢性疾病，以出现充满液体的体腔为特征，会导致大脑性麻痹和感觉混乱
```
语源
New Latin
现代拉丁语
Greek surinx [spinal cavity]
希腊语 surinx [脊髓腔]
Greek muelos [marrow] from mus [mouse, muscle] * see mūs-
希腊语 muelos [骨髓] 源自 mus [鼠，肌肉] *参见 mūs-
```
继承用法
syrin'gomyelʹic AHD:[-ĕlʹĭk] （形容词）
152
```
peri·my·si·um
\ˌper-ə-ˈmi-zhē-əm, -zē-\ noun
(plural peri·my·sia \-zhē-ə, -zē-\)
Etymology: New Latin, irregular from peri- + Greek mys mouse, muscle — more at mouse
Date: circa 1842
: the connective-tissue sheath that surrounds a muscle and forms sheaths for the bundles of muscle fibers
美国传统词典英汉
per.i.my.si.um
AHD:[pĕr'ə-mĭzhʹē-əm, -mĭzʹē-əm]
D.J.[ˌperəˈmɪʒiːəm, -ˈmɪziːəm]
K.K.[ˌpɛrəˈmɪʒiəm, -ˈmɪziəm]
n.（名词）
【复数】 per.i.my.si.a[-mĭzhʹē-ə, -mĭzʹē-ə]
The sheath of connective tissue enveloping bundles of muscle fibers.
肌束膜：里绕着肌肉的结缔组织膜
```
```
语源
New Latin
现代拉丁语
peri-
peri-
Greek mus [muscle] * see mūs-
希腊语 mus [肌肉] *参见 mūs-
```
```
peri·my·si·um
\ˌper-ə-ˈmi-zhē-əm, -zē-\ noun
(plural peri·my·sia \-zhē-ə, -zē-\)
Etymology: New Latin, irregular from peri- + Greek mys mouse, muscle — more at mouse
Date: circa 1842
: the connective-tissue sheath that surrounds a muscle and forms sheaths for the bundles of muscle fibers
美国传统词典英汉
per.i.my.si.um
AHD:[pĕr'ə-mĭzhʹē-əm, -mĭzʹē-əm]
D.J.[ˌperəˈmɪʒiːəm, -ˈmɪziːəm]
K.K.[ˌpɛrəˈmɪʒiəm, -ˈmɪziəm]
n.（名词）
【复数】 per.i.my.si.a[-mĭzhʹē-ə, -mĭzʹē-ə]
The sheath of connective tissue enveloping bundles of muscle fibers.
肌束膜：里绕着肌肉的结缔组织膜
```
```
语源
New Latin
现代拉丁语
peri-
peri-
Greek mus [muscle] * see mūs-
希腊语 mus [肌肉] *参见 mūs-
```
153
```
musteline
musteline (adj.)
"weasel-like; pertaining to weasels," 1650s, from L. mustela (see mustelid) + -ine (1).
美国传统词典英汉
mus.te.line
AHD:[mŭsʹtə-līn', -lĭn]
D.J.[ˈmʌstəˌlaɪn, -lɪn]
K.K.[ˈmʌstəˌlaɪn, -lɪn]
adj.（形容词）
Of, relating to, or belonging to Mustelidae, the family of fur-bearing mammals that includes the badger, mink, otter, and weasel.
鼬科的：属于或有关于鼬科的，鼬科包括獾、水貂、水獭和黄鼠狼等产毛皮哺乳动物
```
```
语源
Latin mūstēlīnus [of a weasel]
拉丁语 mūstēlīnus [黄鼠狼的]
from mūstēla [weasel]
源自 mūstēla [黄鼠狼]
probably from mūs [mouse] * see mūs-
可能源自 mūs [鼠] *参见 mūs-
```
```
musteline
musteline (adj.)
"weasel-like; pertaining to weasels," 1650s, from L. mustela (see mustelid) + -ine (1).
美国传统词典英汉
mus.te.line
AHD:[mŭsʹtə-līn', -lĭn]
D.J.[ˈmʌstəˌlaɪn, -lɪn]
K.K.[ˈmʌstəˌlaɪn, -lɪn]
adj.（形容词）
Of, relating to, or belonging to Mustelidae, the family of fur-bearing mammals that includes the badger, mink, otter, and weasel.
鼬科的：属于或有关于鼬科的，鼬科包括獾、水貂、水獭和黄鼠狼等产毛皮哺乳动物
```
```
语源
Latin mūstēlīnus [of a weasel]
拉丁语 mūstēlīnus [黄鼠狼的]
from mūstēla [weasel]
源自 mūstēla [黄鼠狼]
probably from mūs [mouse] * see mūs-
可能源自 mūs [鼠] *参见 mūs-
```
154
```
cav·al·ry
\ˈka-vəl-rē, ÷ˈkal-və-rē\ noun
(plural -ries)
Etymology: Italian cavalleria cavalry, chivalry, from cavaliere
Date: 1546
1.
a. : an army component mounted on horseback
b. : an army component moving in motor vehicles or helicopters and assigned to combat missions that require great mobility
2. : horsemen
美国传统词典英汉
cav.al.ry
AHD:[kăvʹəl-rē]
D.J.[ˈkævəlriː]
K.K.[ˈkævəlri]
n.（名词）
【复数】 cav.al.ries 缩写 cav.
A highly mobile army unit using vehicular transport, such as light armor and helicopters.
高度机动地面部队：使用车辆，如轻装甲车和直升飞机运输的高度机动部队
Troops trained to fight on horseback.
骑兵：被训练在马背上战斗的部队
```
```
语源
French cavalerie
法语 cavalerie
from Italian cavalleria
源自 意大利语 cavalleria
from cavaliere [cavalier] * see cavalier
源自 cavaliere [勇敢侠义的人，骑士] *参见 cavalier
```
继承用法
cavʹalryman n.（名词）
```
cav·al·ry
\ˈka-vəl-rē, ÷ˈkal-və-rē\ noun
(plural -ries)
Etymology: Italian cavalleria cavalry, chivalry, from cavaliere
Date: 1546
1.
a. : an army component mounted on horseback
b. : an army component moving in motor vehicles or helicopters and assigned to combat missions that require great mobility
2. : horsemen
美国传统词典英汉
cav.al.ry
AHD:[kăvʹəl-rē]
D.J.[ˈkævəlriː]
K.K.[ˈkævəlri]
n.（名词）
【复数】 cav.al.ries 缩写 cav.
A highly mobile army unit using vehicular transport, such as light armor and helicopters.
高度机动地面部队：使用车辆，如轻装甲车和直升飞机运输的高度机动部队
Troops trained to fight on horseback.
骑兵：被训练在马背上战斗的部队
```
```
语源
French cavalerie
法语 cavalerie
from Italian cavalleria
源自 意大利语 cavalleria
from cavaliere [cavalier] * see cavalier
源自 cavaliere [勇敢侠义的人，骑士] *参见 cavalier
```
继承用法
cavʹalryman n.（名词）
155
1580s, from It. cavalliere "mounted soldier, knight," from L.L. caballarius "horseman," from V.L. caballus the common V.L. word for "horse" (cf. It. cavallo, Fr. cheval, Sp. caballo, Ir. capall, Welsh ceffyl), displacing L. equus (see equine); in classical L. caballus was "work horse, pack horse," sometimes, disdainfully, "hack, nag." Probably it is a loan word from some Balkan or Anatolian language and meant, originally, "gelding." Sense advanced in 17c. to "knight," then "courtly gentleman," which led to adj. "disdainful" (1650s); earlier "gallant" (1640s). Meaning "Royalist adherent of Charles I" is from 1641.
韦氏大学
cav·a·lier
I. \ˌka-və-ˈlir\ noun
Etymology: Middle French, from Old Italian cavaliere, from Old Occitan cavalier, from Late Latin caballarius horseman, from Latin caballus
Date: 1589
1. : a gentleman trained in arms and horsemanship
2. : a mounted soldier : knight
3. capitalized : an adherent of Charles I of England
4. : gallant
II. adjective
Date: circa 1641
1. : debonair
2. : marked by or given to offhand and often disdainful dismissal of important matters
3.
a. capitalized : of or relating to the party of Charles I of England in his struggles with the Puritans and Parliament
b. : aristocratic
c. capitalized : of or relating to the English Cavalier poets of the mid-17th century
• ca·va·lier·ism \-ˌi-zəm\ noun
• cav·a·lier·ly adverb
美国传统词典英汉
cav.a.lier
AHD:[kăv'ə-lîrʹ]
D.J.[ˌkævəˈlɪə]
K.K.[ˌkævəˈlɪr]
n.（名词）
Abbr. cav.A gallant or chivalrous man, especially one serving as escort to a woman of high social position; a gentleman.
缩写 cav.骑士风度的男子：英勇的或有骑士风度的男子，尤制护送具有较高社会地位的妇女的人；绅士
Abbr. cav.A mounted soldier; a knight.
缩写 cav.骑士：骑在马上的士兵；骑士
Cavalier A supporter of Charles I of England in his struggles against Parliament.Also called Royalist
Cavalier 拥护查理一世者；保王党人：在英格兰查理一世反对议会的斗争中支持他的人也作 Royalist
adj.（形容词）
Showing arrogant or offhand disregard; dismissive:
蔑视的：表现傲慢的或怠慢轻视的；轻蔑的：
a cavalier attitude toward the suffering of others.
对于他人苦难的轻慢态度
Carefree and nonchalant; jaunty.
无忧无虑的：无忧无虑的和不关心的；快活的
Cavalier Of or relating to a group of 17th-century English poets associated with the court of Charles I.
Cavalier 英国诗人的：与查理一世的朝廷有联系的一群17世纪英国诗人的或与之相关的
```
语源
French [horseman]
法语 [骑手]
from Old Italian cavaliere
源自 古意大利语 cavaliere
from Medieval Latin caballārius
源自 中世纪拉丁语 caballārius
from Latin caballus [horse]
源自 拉丁语 caballus [马]
```
继承用法
cav'alierʹly adv.（副词）
1580s, from It. cavalliere "mounted soldier, knight," from L.L. caballarius "horseman," from V.L. caballus the common V.L. word for "horse" (cf. It. cavallo, Fr. cheval, Sp. caballo, Ir. capall, Welsh ceffyl), displacing L. equus (see equine); in classical L. caballus was "work horse, pack horse," sometimes, disdainfully, "hack, nag." Probably it is a loan word from some Balkan or Anatolian language and meant, originally, "gelding." Sense advanced in 17c. to "knight," then "courtly gentleman," which led to adj. "disdainful" (1650s); earlier "gallant" (1640s). Meaning "Royalist adherent of Charles I" is from 1641.
韦氏大学
cav·a·lier
I. \ˌka-və-ˈlir\ noun
Etymology: Middle French, from Old Italian cavaliere, from Old Occitan cavalier, from Late Latin caballarius horseman, from Latin caballus
Date: 1589
1. : a gentleman trained in arms and horsemanship
2. : a mounted soldier : knight
3. capitalized : an adherent of Charles I of England
4. : gallant
II. adjective
Date: circa 1641
1. : debonair
2. : marked by or given to offhand and often disdainful dismissal of important matters
3.
a. capitalized : of or relating to the party of Charles I of England in his struggles with the Puritans and Parliament
b. : aristocratic
c. capitalized : of or relating to the English Cavalier poets of the mid-17th century
• ca·va·lier·ism \-ˌi-zəm\ noun
• cav·a·lier·ly adverb
美国传统词典英汉
cav.a.lier
AHD:[kăv'ə-lîrʹ]
D.J.[ˌkævəˈlɪə]
K.K.[ˌkævəˈlɪr]
n.（名词）
Abbr. cav.A gallant or chivalrous man, especially one serving as escort to a woman of high social position; a gentleman.
缩写 cav.骑士风度的男子：英勇的或有骑士风度的男子，尤制护送具有较高社会地位的妇女的人；绅士
Abbr. cav.A mounted soldier; a knight.
缩写 cav.骑士：骑在马上的士兵；骑士
Cavalier A supporter of Charles I of England in his struggles against Parliament.Also called Royalist
Cavalier 拥护查理一世者；保王党人：在英格兰查理一世反对议会的斗争中支持他的人也作 Royalist
adj.（形容词）
Showing arrogant or offhand disregard; dismissive:
蔑视的：表现傲慢的或怠慢轻视的；轻蔑的：
a cavalier attitude toward the suffering of others.
对于他人苦难的轻慢态度
Carefree and nonchalant; jaunty.
无忧无虑的：无忧无虑的和不关心的；快活的
Cavalier Of or relating to a group of 17th-century English poets associated with the court of Charles I.
Cavalier 英国诗人的：与查理一世的朝廷有联系的一群17世纪英国诗人的或与之相关的
```
语源
French [horseman]
法语 [骑手]
from Old Italian cavaliere
源自 古意大利语 cavaliere
from Medieval Latin caballārius
源自 中世纪拉丁语 caballārius
from Latin caballus [horse]
源自 拉丁语 caballus [马]
```
继承用法
cav'alierʹly adv.（副词）
156
```
1590s, via M.Fr. cavalcade (15c.), from It. cavalcata, from cavalcare "to ride on horseback," from V.L. *caballicare, from L. caballus (see cavalier). Literally, "a procession on horseback;" in 20c. -cade came to be regarded as a suffix and taken to form motorcade (1913), etc.
韦氏大学
cav·al·cade
\ˌka-vəl-ˈkād, ˈka-vəl-ˌ\ noun
Etymology: French, ride on horseback, from Old Italian cavalcata, from cavalcare to go on horseback, from Late Latin caballicare, from Latin caballus horse; akin to Greek kaballeion horse, Middle Irish capall workhorse
Date: 1644
1.
a. : a procession of riders or carriages
b. : a procession of vehicles or ships
2. : a dramatic sequence or procession : series
美国传统词典英汉
cav.al.cade
AHD:[kăv'əl-kādʹ, kăvʹəl-kād']
D.J.[ˌkævəlˈkeɪd, ˈkævəlˌkeɪd]
K.K.[ˌkævəlˈked, ˈkævəlˌked]
n.（名词）
A procession of riders or horse-drawn carriages.
一队骑兵队，一队马车队
A ceremonial procession or display.
庆祝游行，庆祝展览
A succession or series:
序列，系列：
starred in a cavalcade of Broadway hits.
在百老汇明星序列中闪耀
```
```
语源
French
法语
from Old French
源自 古法语
from Old Italian cavalcata
源自 古意大利语 cavalcata
from cavalcare [to ride on horseback]
源自 cavalcare [骑在马背上]
from Medieval Latin caballicāre
源自 中世纪拉丁语 caballicāre
from Latin caballus [horse]
源自 拉丁语 caballus [马]
```
```
1590s, via M.Fr. cavalcade (15c.), from It. cavalcata, from cavalcare "to ride on horseback," from V.L. *caballicare, from L. caballus (see cavalier). Literally, "a procession on horseback;" in 20c. -cade came to be regarded as a suffix and taken to form motorcade (1913), etc.
韦氏大学
cav·al·cade
\ˌka-vəl-ˈkād, ˈka-vəl-ˌ\ noun
Etymology: French, ride on horseback, from Old Italian cavalcata, from cavalcare to go on horseback, from Late Latin caballicare, from Latin caballus horse; akin to Greek kaballeion horse, Middle Irish capall workhorse
Date: 1644
1.
a. : a procession of riders or carriages
b. : a procession of vehicles or ships
2. : a dramatic sequence or procession : series
美国传统词典英汉
cav.al.cade
AHD:[kăv'əl-kādʹ, kăvʹəl-kād']
D.J.[ˌkævəlˈkeɪd, ˈkævəlˌkeɪd]
K.K.[ˌkævəlˈked, ˈkævəlˌked]
n.（名词）
A procession of riders or horse-drawn carriages.
一队骑兵队，一队马车队
A ceremonial procession or display.
庆祝游行，庆祝展览
A succession or series:
序列，系列：
starred in a cavalcade of Broadway hits.
在百老汇明星序列中闪耀
```
```
语源
French
法语
from Old French
源自 古法语
from Old Italian cavalcata
源自 古意大利语 cavalcata
from cavalcare [to ride on horseback]
源自 cavalcare [骑在马背上]
from Medieval Latin caballicāre
源自 中世纪拉丁语 caballicāre
from Latin caballus [horse]
源自 拉丁语 caballus [马]
```
157
```
mid-14c., from O.Fr. chevaleros "knightly, noble, chivalrous," from chevalier (see chevalier; also cf. chivalry). According to OED, obsolete in English and French from mid-16c. Not revived in French, but brought back in English late 18c. by romantic writers fond of medieval settings.
韦氏大学
chiv·al·rous
\ˈshi-vəl-rəs\ adjective
Date: 14th century
1. : valiant
2. : of, relating to, or characteristic of chivalry and knight-errantry
3.
a. : marked by honor, generosity, and courtesy
b. : marked by gracious courtesy and high-minded consideration especially to women
Synonyms: see civil
• chiv·al·rous·ly adverb
• chiv·al·rous·ness noun
美国传统词典英汉
chiv.al.rous
AHD:[shĭvʹəl-rəs]
D.J.[ˈʃɪvəlrəs]
K.K.[ˈʃɪvəlrəs]
adj.（形容词）
Having the qualities of gallantry and honor attributed to an ideal knight.
武士精神的：具有勇武精神及荣誉感等被认为是理想的武士所就具有的品质的
Of or relating to chivalry.
武士精神的或武士制度的
Characterized by consideration and courtesy, especially toward women.
尤指对女人体贴及彬彬有礼的
```
继承用法
chivʹalrously adv.（副词）
chivʹalrousness n.（名词）
```
mid-14c., from O.Fr. chevaleros "knightly, noble, chivalrous," from chevalier (see chevalier; also cf. chivalry). According to OED, obsolete in English and French from mid-16c. Not revived in French, but brought back in English late 18c. by romantic writers fond of medieval settings.
韦氏大学
chiv·al·rous
\ˈshi-vəl-rəs\ adjective
Date: 14th century
1. : valiant
2. : of, relating to, or characteristic of chivalry and knight-errantry
3.
a. : marked by honor, generosity, and courtesy
b. : marked by gracious courtesy and high-minded consideration especially to women
Synonyms: see civil
• chiv·al·rous·ly adverb
• chiv·al·rous·ness noun
美国传统词典英汉
chiv.al.rous
AHD:[shĭvʹəl-rəs]
D.J.[ˈʃɪvəlrəs]
K.K.[ˈʃɪvəlrəs]
adj.（形容词）
Having the qualities of gallantry and honor attributed to an ideal knight.
武士精神的：具有勇武精神及荣誉感等被认为是理想的武士所就具有的品质的
Of or relating to chivalry.
武士精神的或武士制度的
Characterized by consideration and courtesy, especially toward women.
尤指对女人体贴及彬彬有礼的
```
继承用法
chivʹalrously adv.（副词）
chivʹalrousness n.（名词）
158
```
Etymonline
chivalry
chivalry (n.)
late 13c., from O.Fr. chevalerie "knighthood, chivalry, nobility, cavalry, art of war," from chevaler "knight," from M.L. caballarius "horseman," from L. caballus (see cavalier). From "mounted knight," meaning stretched 14c. to "courtly behavior."
韦氏大学
chiv·al·ry
\ˈshi-vəl-rē\ noun
(plural -ries)
Etymology: Middle English chivalrie, from Anglo-French chevalerie, from chevaler knight — more at chevalier
Date: 14th century
1. : mounted men-at-arms
2. archaic
a. : martial valor
b. : knightly skill
3. : gallant or distinguished gentlemen
4. : the system, spirit, or customs of medieval knighthood
5. : the qualities of the ideal knight : chivalrous conduct
美国传统词典英汉
chiv.al.ry
AHD:[shĭvʹəl-rē]
D.J.[ˈʃɪvəlriː]
K.K.[ˈʃɪvəlri]
n.（名词）
【复数】 chiv.al.ries
The medieval system, principles, and customs of knighthood.
骑士制度：中世纪的骑士制度，道德准则及其习俗
The qualities idealized by knighthood, such as bravery, courtesy, honor, and gallantry toward women.
骑士品质：被骑士制度所理想化的品质，如勇敢、彬彬有礼、荣誉感以及对女人的殷勤等
A manifestation of any of these qualities.
这些品质的任一种表现
A group of knights or gallant gentlemen.
骑士团：一群骑士或勇武的绅士
```
```
语源
Middle English chivalrie
中古英语 chivalrie
from Old French chevalerie
源自 古法语 chevalerie
from chevalier [knight] * see chevalier
源自 chevalier [骑士] *参见 chevalier
```
注释
The Age of Chivalry was also the age of the horse.Bedecked in elaborate armor and other trappings,horses were certainly well dressedalthough they might have wished for lighter loads.That the horse should be featured so prominently during the Age of Chivalryis etymologically appropriate,becausechivalry goes back to the Latin word caballus, “horse, especially a riding horse or packhorse.”Borrowed from French, as were so many other important words having to do with medieval English culture,the English wordchivalry is first recorded in works composed around the beginning of the 14th century and is found in several senses,including “a body of armored mounted warriors serving a lord” and “knighthood as a ceremonially conferred rank in the social system.”Our modern sense,“the medieval system of knighthood,”could not exist until the passage of several centuries had allowed the perspective for such a conceptualization,with this sense being recorded first in 1765.
骑士时代同时也是马的时代。马被用精美的铠甲和其它马饰打扮起来，它们显然穿戴得很好，虽然它们可能会喜欢稍轻一些的负担。在骑士时代马被放在如此显要的地位，这从词源学上来看是恰当的，因为chivalry 一词可追溯到拉丁语中 caballus 一词， 即“马，尤其是用来骑的马或驮马”的意思。象与中世纪英国文化有关的许多其它重要的词一样，英语中chivalry 一词也是从法语中借用来的，最初出现在大约写于14世纪初的书籍中， 当时有好几个含义，其中包括：“为一名贵族服务的一队穿着铠甲、骑着马的武士”和“作为一种被正式授予的社会制度中等级的骑士资格”。我们现代的意义，即“中世纪的骑士制度”，是在几个世纪以后对这样一个概念的视角成为可能之时才出现的，这个意义最早出现在文字记载中是1765年
```
Etymonline
chivalry
chivalry (n.)
late 13c., from O.Fr. chevalerie "knighthood, chivalry, nobility, cavalry, art of war," from chevaler "knight," from M.L. caballarius "horseman," from L. caballus (see cavalier). From "mounted knight," meaning stretched 14c. to "courtly behavior."
韦氏大学
chiv·al·ry
\ˈshi-vəl-rē\ noun
(plural -ries)
Etymology: Middle English chivalrie, from Anglo-French chevalerie, from chevaler knight — more at chevalier
Date: 14th century
1. : mounted men-at-arms
2. archaic
a. : martial valor
b. : knightly skill
3. : gallant or distinguished gentlemen
4. : the system, spirit, or customs of medieval knighthood
5. : the qualities of the ideal knight : chivalrous conduct
美国传统词典英汉
chiv.al.ry
AHD:[shĭvʹəl-rē]
D.J.[ˈʃɪvəlriː]
K.K.[ˈʃɪvəlri]
n.（名词）
【复数】 chiv.al.ries
The medieval system, principles, and customs of knighthood.
骑士制度：中世纪的骑士制度，道德准则及其习俗
The qualities idealized by knighthood, such as bravery, courtesy, honor, and gallantry toward women.
骑士品质：被骑士制度所理想化的品质，如勇敢、彬彬有礼、荣誉感以及对女人的殷勤等
A manifestation of any of these qualities.
这些品质的任一种表现
A group of knights or gallant gentlemen.
骑士团：一群骑士或勇武的绅士
```
```
语源
Middle English chivalrie
中古英语 chivalrie
from Old French chevalerie
源自 古法语 chevalerie
from chevalier [knight] * see chevalier
源自 chevalier [骑士] *参见 chevalier
```
注释
The Age of Chivalry was also the age of the horse.Bedecked in elaborate armor and other trappings,horses were certainly well dressedalthough they might have wished for lighter loads.That the horse should be featured so prominently during the Age of Chivalryis etymologically appropriate,becausechivalry goes back to the Latin word caballus, “horse, especially a riding horse or packhorse.”Borrowed from French, as were so many other important words having to do with medieval English culture,the English wordchivalry is first recorded in works composed around the beginning of the 14th century and is found in several senses,including “a body of armored mounted warriors serving a lord” and “knighthood as a ceremonially conferred rank in the social system.”Our modern sense,“the medieval system of knighthood,”could not exist until the passage of several centuries had allowed the perspective for such a conceptualization,with this sense being recorded first in 1765.
骑士时代同时也是马的时代。马被用精美的铠甲和其它马饰打扮起来，它们显然穿戴得很好，虽然它们可能会喜欢稍轻一些的负担。在骑士时代马被放在如此显要的地位，这从词源学上来看是恰当的，因为chivalry 一词可追溯到拉丁语中 caballus 一词， 即“马，尤其是用来骑的马或驮马”的意思。象与中世纪英国文化有关的许多其它重要的词一样，英语中chivalry 一词也是从法语中借用来的，最初出现在大约写于14世纪初的书籍中， 当时有好几个含义，其中包括：“为一名贵族服务的一队穿着铠甲、骑着马的武士”和“作为一种被正式授予的社会制度中等级的骑士资格”。我们现代的意义，即“中世纪的骑士制度”，是在几个世纪以后对这样一个概念的视角成为可能之时才出现的，这个意义最早出现在文字记载中是1765年
159
Etymonline
equestrian
equestrian (adj.)
1650s, formed in English from L. equester (gen. equestris) "of a horseman," from eques "horseman, knight," from equus "horse" (see equine). As a noun, "one who rides on horseback," from 1791. The pseudo-French fem. equestrienne is attested from 1848.
韦氏大学
eques·tri·an
I. \i-ˈkwes-trē-ən\ adjective
Etymology: Latin equestr-, equester of a horseman, from eques horseman, from equus horse — more at equine
Date: circa 1681
1.
a. : of, relating to, or featuring horseback riding
b. archaic : riding on horseback : mounted
c. : representing a person on horseback
```
2. : of, relating to, or composed of knights
II. noun
Date: 1774
: one who rides on horseback
美国传统词典英汉
e.ques.tri.an
AHD:[ĭ-kwĕsʹtrē-ən]
D.J.[ɪˈkwestriːən]
K.K.[ɪˈkwɛstriən]
adj.（形容词）
Of or relating to horseback riding or horseback riders.
骑马者的：与骑马或骑马者有关的
Depicted or represented on horseback:
骑马的：被描述或表达成在马背上的：
an equestrian statue of a famous monarch.
一位着名君主的骑马像
n.（名词）
One who rides a horse or performs on horseback.
骑师：骑在马背上或在马背上表演的人
```
```
语源
From Latin equester equestr-
源自 拉丁语 equester equestr-
from eques [horseman]
源自 eques [骑马的人]
from equus [horse] * see ekwo-
源自 equus [马] *参见 ekwo-
```
继承用法
equesʹtrianism n.（名词）
equesʹtrianship n.（名词）
Etymonline
equestrian
equestrian (adj.)
1650s, formed in English from L. equester (gen. equestris) "of a horseman," from eques "horseman, knight," from equus "horse" (see equine). As a noun, "one who rides on horseback," from 1791. The pseudo-French fem. equestrienne is attested from 1848.
韦氏大学
eques·tri·an
I. \i-ˈkwes-trē-ən\ adjective
Etymology: Latin equestr-, equester of a horseman, from eques horseman, from equus horse — more at equine
Date: circa 1681
1.
a. : of, relating to, or featuring horseback riding
b. archaic : riding on horseback : mounted
c. : representing a person on horseback
```
2. : of, relating to, or composed of knights
II. noun
Date: 1774
: one who rides on horseback
美国传统词典英汉
e.ques.tri.an
AHD:[ĭ-kwĕsʹtrē-ən]
D.J.[ɪˈkwestriːən]
K.K.[ɪˈkwɛstriən]
adj.（形容词）
Of or relating to horseback riding or horseback riders.
骑马者的：与骑马或骑马者有关的
Depicted or represented on horseback:
骑马的：被描述或表达成在马背上的：
an equestrian statue of a famous monarch.
一位着名君主的骑马像
n.（名词）
One who rides a horse or performs on horseback.
骑师：骑在马背上或在马背上表演的人
```
```
语源
From Latin equester equestr-
源自 拉丁语 equester equestr-
from eques [horseman]
源自 eques [骑马的人]
from equus [horse] * see ekwo-
源自 equus [马] *参见 ekwo-
```
继承用法
equesʹtrianism n.（名词）
equesʹtrianship n.（名词）
160
hyena
hyena (n.)
mid-14c., from O.Fr. hiene, from L. hyaena, from Gk. hyaina "swine" (fem.), from hys "pig" + fem. suffix -aina. So called for its bristles. Applied to cruel, treacherous, and greedy persons since at least 1670s. Adjectival forms that have been attempted in English include hyenaish, hyenaesque, hyenic, hyenine.
韦氏大学
hy·e·na
\hī-ˈē-nə\ noun
(plural hyenas also hyena)
Etymology: Middle English hyene, from Latin hyaena, from Greek hyaina, from hys hog — more at sow
Date: 14th century
: any of several large strong nocturnal carnivorous Old World mammals (family Hyaenidae) that usually feed as scavengers
• hy·e·nic \-ˈē-nik, -ˈe-nik\ adjective
美国传统词典英汉
hyena 也作 hy.ae.na
AHD:[hī-ēʹnə]
D.J.[haɪˈiːnə]
K.K.[haɪˈinə]
n.（名词）
Any of several carnivorous mammals of the family Hyaenidae of Africa and Asia, which feed as scavengers and have powerful jaws, relatively short hind limbs, and coarse hair.
土狼，鬣狗：非洲和亚洲狼科中几种食肉哺乳动物的任何一种，吃食与食腐动物一样，颚有力，后腿相对较短，毛发粗糙
```
语源
Middle English hiena
中古英语 hiena
from Old French hiene
源自 古法语 hiene
from Latin hyaena
源自 拉丁语 hyaena
from Greek huaina [feminine of] hus [swine] * see sū-
源自 希腊语 huaina [] hus的阴性词 [野猪] *参见 sū-
```
hyena
hyena (n.)
mid-14c., from O.Fr. hiene, from L. hyaena, from Gk. hyaina "swine" (fem.), from hys "pig" + fem. suffix -aina. So called for its bristles. Applied to cruel, treacherous, and greedy persons since at least 1670s. Adjectival forms that have been attempted in English include hyenaish, hyenaesque, hyenic, hyenine.
韦氏大学
hy·e·na
\hī-ˈē-nə\ noun
(plural hyenas also hyena)
Etymology: Middle English hyene, from Latin hyaena, from Greek hyaina, from hys hog — more at sow
Date: 14th century
: any of several large strong nocturnal carnivorous Old World mammals (family Hyaenidae) that usually feed as scavengers
• hy·e·nic \-ˈē-nik, -ˈe-nik\ adjective
美国传统词典英汉
hyena 也作 hy.ae.na
AHD:[hī-ēʹnə]
D.J.[haɪˈiːnə]
K.K.[haɪˈinə]
n.（名词）
Any of several carnivorous mammals of the family Hyaenidae of Africa and Asia, which feed as scavengers and have powerful jaws, relatively short hind limbs, and coarse hair.
土狼，鬣狗：非洲和亚洲狼科中几种食肉哺乳动物的任何一种，吃食与食腐动物一样，颚有力，后腿相对较短，毛发粗糙
```
语源
Middle English hiena
中古英语 hiena
from Old French hiene
源自 古法语 hiene
from Latin hyaena
源自 拉丁语 hyaena
from Greek huaina [feminine of] hus [swine] * see sū-
源自 希腊语 huaina [] hus的阴性词 [野猪] *参见 sū-
```
161
```
O.E. fearh "young pig," from P.Gmc. *farkhaz "young pig" (cf. M.L.G. ferken, Du. varken, both diminutives, O.H.G. farh, Ger. Ferkel), from PIE *porkos- (see pork). Sense of "a litter of pigs" first recorded 1570s. As a verb, early 13c.
韦氏大学
far·row
I. \ˈfer-(ˌ)ō, ˈfa-(ˌ)rō\ verb
Etymology: Middle English farwen, from Old English *feargian, from Old English fearh young pig; akin to Old High German farah young pig, Latin porcus pig
Date: 13th century
transitive verb
: to give birth to (a farrow)
intransitive verb
of swine : to bring forth young — often used with down
II. noun
Date: 1577
1. : a litter of pigs
2. : an act of farrowing
III. adjective
Etymology: Middle English (Scots) ferow
Date: 15th century
of a cow : not pregnant
美国传统词典英汉
farrow 1
AHD:[fărʹō]
D.J.[ˈfærəʊ]
K.K.[ˈfæro]
n.（名词）
A litter of pigs.
一胎猪：一窝猪仔
v.（动词）
far.rowed, far.row.ing, far.rows
v.tr.（及物动词）
To give birth to (a litter of pigs).
（母猪）产（一胎猪仔）
v.intr.（不及物动词）
To produce a litter of pigs.
猪产崽
```
```
语源
Ultimately from Old English fearh * see porko-
最终源自 古英语 fearh *参见 porko-
farrow 2
AHD:[fărʹō]
D.J.[ˈfærəʊ]
K.K.[ˈfæro]
adj.（形容词）
Not pregnant. Used of a cow.
不孕的。用于母牛
```
语源
Middle English ferow
中古英语 ferow
```
O.E. fearh "young pig," from P.Gmc. *farkhaz "young pig" (cf. M.L.G. ferken, Du. varken, both diminutives, O.H.G. farh, Ger. Ferkel), from PIE *porkos- (see pork). Sense of "a litter of pigs" first recorded 1570s. As a verb, early 13c.
韦氏大学
far·row
I. \ˈfer-(ˌ)ō, ˈfa-(ˌ)rō\ verb
Etymology: Middle English farwen, from Old English *feargian, from Old English fearh young pig; akin to Old High German farah young pig, Latin porcus pig
Date: 13th century
transitive verb
: to give birth to (a farrow)
intransitive verb
of swine : to bring forth young — often used with down
II. noun
Date: 1577
1. : a litter of pigs
2. : an act of farrowing
III. adjective
Etymology: Middle English (Scots) ferow
Date: 15th century
of a cow : not pregnant
美国传统词典英汉
farrow 1
AHD:[fărʹō]
D.J.[ˈfærəʊ]
K.K.[ˈfæro]
n.（名词）
A litter of pigs.
一胎猪：一窝猪仔
v.（动词）
far.rowed, far.row.ing, far.rows
v.tr.（及物动词）
To give birth to (a litter of pigs).
（母猪）产（一胎猪仔）
v.intr.（不及物动词）
To produce a litter of pigs.
猪产崽
```
```
语源
Ultimately from Old English fearh * see porko-
最终源自 古英语 fearh *参见 porko-
farrow 2
AHD:[fărʹō]
D.J.[ˈfærəʊ]
K.K.[ˈfæro]
adj.（形容词）
Not pregnant. Used of a cow.
不孕的。用于母牛
```
语源
Middle English ferow
中古英语 ferow
162
```
gory (adj.)
"blood-soaked," late 15c., from gore (n.) + -y (2).
韦氏大学
gory
\ˈgȯr-ē\ adjective
(gor·i·er ; -est)
Date: 15th century
1. : covered with gore : bloodstained
2. : bloodcurdling, sensational
```
```
Synonyms: see bloody
美国传统词典英汉
go.ry
AHD:[gôrʹē, gōrʹē]
D.J.[ˈgɔːriː, ˈgəʊriː]
K.K.[ˈgɔri, ˈgori]
adj.（形容词）
go.ri.er, go.ri.est
Covered or stained with gore; bloody.
血迹斑斑的：沾满鲜血的或血迹斑斑的；血淋淋的
Full of or characterized by bloodshed and violence.See Synonyms at bloody
血腥的：充满流血或暴力的或以此为特征的参见 bloody
```
继承用法
gorʹily adv.（副词）
gorʹiness n.（名词）
```
gory (adj.)
"blood-soaked," late 15c., from gore (n.) + -y (2).
韦氏大学
gory
\ˈgȯr-ē\ adjective
(gor·i·er ; -est)
Date: 15th century
1. : covered with gore : bloodstained
2. : bloodcurdling, sensational
```
```
Synonyms: see bloody
美国传统词典英汉
go.ry
AHD:[gôrʹē, gōrʹē]
D.J.[ˈgɔːriː, ˈgəʊriː]
K.K.[ˈgɔri, ˈgori]
adj.（形容词）
go.ri.er, go.ri.est
Covered or stained with gore; bloody.
血迹斑斑的：沾满鲜血的或血迹斑斑的；血淋淋的
Full of or characterized by bloodshed and violence.See Synonyms at bloody
血腥的：充满流血或暴力的或以此为特征的参见 bloody
```
继承用法
gorʹily adv.（副词）
gorʹiness n.（名词）
163
```
gory (adj.)
"blood-soaked," late 15c., from gore (n.) + -y (2).
韦氏大学
gory
\ˈgȯr-ē\ adjective
(gor·i·er ; -est)
Date: 15th century
1. : covered with gore : bloodstained
2. : bloodcurdling, sensational
```
```
Synonyms: see bloody
美国传统词典英汉
go.ry
AHD:[gôrʹē, gōrʹē]
D.J.[ˈgɔːriː, ˈgəʊriː]
K.K.[ˈgɔri, ˈgori]
adj.（形容词）
go.ri.er, go.ri.est
Covered or stained with gore; bloody.
血迹斑斑的：沾满鲜血的或血迹斑斑的；血淋淋的
Full of or characterized by bloodshed and violence.See Synonyms at bloody
血腥的：充满流血或暴力的或以此为特征的参见 bloody
```
继承用法
gorʹily adv.（副词）
gorʹiness n.（名词）
```
gory (adj.)
"blood-soaked," late 15c., from gore (n.) + -y (2).
韦氏大学
gory
\ˈgȯr-ē\ adjective
(gor·i·er ; -est)
Date: 15th century
1. : covered with gore : bloodstained
2. : bloodcurdling, sensational
```
```
Synonyms: see bloody
美国传统词典英汉
go.ry
AHD:[gôrʹē, gōrʹē]
D.J.[ˈgɔːriː, ˈgəʊriː]
K.K.[ˈgɔri, ˈgori]
adj.（形容词）
go.ri.er, go.ri.est
Covered or stained with gore; bloody.
血迹斑斑的：沾满鲜血的或血迹斑斑的；血淋淋的
Full of or characterized by bloodshed and violence.See Synonyms at bloody
血腥的：充满流血或暴力的或以此为特征的参见 bloody
```
继承用法
gorʹily adv.（副词）
gorʹiness n.（名词）
164
```
early 14c., "type of red cloth," from O.Fr. sanguin (fem. sanguine), from L. sanguineus "of blood," also "bloody, bloodthirsty," from sanguis (gen. sanguinis) "blood" (see sanguinary). Meaning "blood-red" is recorded from late 14c. Meaning "cheerful, hopeful, confident" first attested c.1500, since these qualities were thought in medieval physiology to spring from an excess of blood as one of the four humors.
韦氏大学
san·guine
I. \ˈsaŋ-gwən\ adjective
Etymology: Middle English sanguin, from Anglo-French, from Latin sanguineus, from sanguin-, sanguis
Date: 14th century
1. : bloodred
2.
a. : consisting of or relating to blood
b. : bloodthirsty, sanguinary
c. of the complexion : ruddy
3. : having blood as the predominating bodily humor; also : having the bodily conformation and temperament held characteristic of such predominance and marked by sturdiness, high color, and cheerfulness
4. : confident, optimistic
• san·guine·ly adverb
• san·guine·ness \-gwən-nəs\ noun
• san·guin·i·ty \saŋ-ˈgwi-nə-tē, san-\ noun
II. noun
Date: 15th century
: a moderate to strong red
美国传统词典英汉
san.guine
AHD:[săngʹgwĭn]
D.J.[ˈsæŋgwɪn]
K.K.[ˈsæŋgwɪn]
adj.（形容词）
Color Of the color of blood; red.
【色彩】 血色的；红色的
Of a healthy, reddish color; ruddy:
红润的：健康的红颜色的；脸色红润的：
a sanguine complexion.
红润的面色
Archaic
【古语】
Having blood as the dominant humor in terms of medieval physiology.
多血质的：在中世纪的生理学中把血液作为最主要的体液的
Having the temperament and ruddy complexion formerly thought to be characteristic of a person dominated by this humor; passionate.
热情的：具有以前被认为是多此种液体的人的典型特征的性情和红润脸色的；充满激情的
Cheerfully confident; optimistic.
愉快自信的；乐观的
```
```
语源
Middle English
中古英语
from Old French sanguin
源自 古法语 sanguin
from Latin sanguineus
源自 拉丁语 sanguineus
from sanguīs sanguin- [blood]
源自 sanguīs sanguin- [血液]
```
继承用法
sanʹguinely adv.（副词）
sanʹguineness 或 sanguinʹity n.（名词）
注释
Perhaps one has wondered what the connection betweensanguinary, “bloodthirsty,” and sanguine, “cheerfully optimistic,” could be. The connection can be found in medieval physiology with its notion of the four humors (blood, bile, phlegm, and black bile).These four body fluids were thought to determine a person's temperament,or distinguishing mental and physical characteristics.Thus, if blood was the predominant humor, one had a ruddy face and a disposition marked by courage, hope, and a readiness to fall in love.Such a temperament was calledsanguine, the Middle English ancestor of our wordsanguine. The sources of the Middle English word were Old Frenchsanguin and Latin sanguineus, the source of the French word. Both the Old French and Latin words meant “bloody,” “blood-colored,”Old Frenchsanguin having the sense “sanguine in temperament” as well. Latinsanguineus in turn was derived from sanguīs, “blood,” just as English sanguinary is. The English adjectivesanguine, first recorded in Middle English before 1350, went on to refer simply to the cheerfulness and optimism that accompanied a sanguine temperament,no longer having any direct reference to medieval physiology.
也许有人对sanguinary （“嗜血的”）和 sanguine （“愉快乐观的”）两词之间的联系感到不解。 这种联系可以追溯到中世纪生理学中四种体液的概念（多血质型、胆汁型、黏液型和抑郁型）。这四种体液被认为可决定人的性格，或者能区分出精神和肉体上的特征。因此，如果血液是最主要的体液，一个人就应有红润的脸庞和以勇敢、充满希望、易于陷入情网为特征的性情。这种性情被称为sanguine ， 也就是我们sanguine 一词的中世纪英语的原形。 中世纪英语中该词源于古法语sanguin 一词和拉丁文 sanguineus （法语词的来源）。 在古法语和拉丁文中，该词意思都是“流血的”、“血色的”，古法语sanguin 还含有“生性乐天派的”之意。 拉丁文的sanguineus 也是由 sanguis （“血的”）而来，正如英语中的 sanguinary 一词。 英语形容词sanguine 最初记载于1350年以前的中古英语中， 演化为仅指伴随乐天派性情而具有的愉快和乐观之义，与中世纪生理学没有直接联系
```
early 14c., "type of red cloth," from O.Fr. sanguin (fem. sanguine), from L. sanguineus "of blood," also "bloody, bloodthirsty," from sanguis (gen. sanguinis) "blood" (see sanguinary). Meaning "blood-red" is recorded from late 14c. Meaning "cheerful, hopeful, confident" first attested c.1500, since these qualities were thought in medieval physiology to spring from an excess of blood as one of the four humors.
韦氏大学
san·guine
I. \ˈsaŋ-gwən\ adjective
Etymology: Middle English sanguin, from Anglo-French, from Latin sanguineus, from sanguin-, sanguis
Date: 14th century
1. : bloodred
2.
a. : consisting of or relating to blood
b. : bloodthirsty, sanguinary
c. of the complexion : ruddy
3. : having blood as the predominating bodily humor; also : having the bodily conformation and temperament held characteristic of such predominance and marked by sturdiness, high color, and cheerfulness
4. : confident, optimistic
• san·guine·ly adverb
• san·guine·ness \-gwən-nəs\ noun
• san·guin·i·ty \saŋ-ˈgwi-nə-tē, san-\ noun
II. noun
Date: 15th century
: a moderate to strong red
美国传统词典英汉
san.guine
AHD:[săngʹgwĭn]
D.J.[ˈsæŋgwɪn]
K.K.[ˈsæŋgwɪn]
adj.（形容词）
Color Of the color of blood; red.
【色彩】 血色的；红色的
Of a healthy, reddish color; ruddy:
红润的：健康的红颜色的；脸色红润的：
a sanguine complexion.
红润的面色
Archaic
【古语】
Having blood as the dominant humor in terms of medieval physiology.
多血质的：在中世纪的生理学中把血液作为最主要的体液的
Having the temperament and ruddy complexion formerly thought to be characteristic of a person dominated by this humor; passionate.
热情的：具有以前被认为是多此种液体的人的典型特征的性情和红润脸色的；充满激情的
Cheerfully confident; optimistic.
愉快自信的；乐观的
```
```
语源
Middle English
中古英语
from Old French sanguin
源自 古法语 sanguin
from Latin sanguineus
源自 拉丁语 sanguineus
from sanguīs sanguin- [blood]
源自 sanguīs sanguin- [血液]
```
继承用法
sanʹguinely adv.（副词）
sanʹguineness 或 sanguinʹity n.（名词）
注释
Perhaps one has wondered what the connection betweensanguinary, “bloodthirsty,” and sanguine, “cheerfully optimistic,” could be. The connection can be found in medieval physiology with its notion of the four humors (blood, bile, phlegm, and black bile).These four body fluids were thought to determine a person's temperament,or distinguishing mental and physical characteristics.Thus, if blood was the predominant humor, one had a ruddy face and a disposition marked by courage, hope, and a readiness to fall in love.Such a temperament was calledsanguine, the Middle English ancestor of our wordsanguine. The sources of the Middle English word were Old Frenchsanguin and Latin sanguineus, the source of the French word. Both the Old French and Latin words meant “bloody,” “blood-colored,”Old Frenchsanguin having the sense “sanguine in temperament” as well. Latinsanguineus in turn was derived from sanguīs, “blood,” just as English sanguinary is. The English adjectivesanguine, first recorded in Middle English before 1350, went on to refer simply to the cheerfulness and optimism that accompanied a sanguine temperament,no longer having any direct reference to medieval physiology.
也许有人对sanguinary （“嗜血的”）和 sanguine （“愉快乐观的”）两词之间的联系感到不解。 这种联系可以追溯到中世纪生理学中四种体液的概念（多血质型、胆汁型、黏液型和抑郁型）。这四种体液被认为可决定人的性格，或者能区分出精神和肉体上的特征。因此，如果血液是最主要的体液，一个人就应有红润的脸庞和以勇敢、充满希望、易于陷入情网为特征的性情。这种性情被称为sanguine ， 也就是我们sanguine 一词的中世纪英语的原形。 中世纪英语中该词源于古法语sanguin 一词和拉丁文 sanguineus （法语词的来源）。 在古法语和拉丁文中，该词意思都是“流血的”、“血色的”，古法语sanguin 还含有“生性乐天派的”之意。 拉丁文的sanguineus 也是由 sanguis （“血的”）而来，正如英语中的 sanguinary 一词。 英语形容词sanguine 最初记载于1350年以前的中古英语中， 演化为仅指伴随乐天派性情而具有的愉快和乐观之义，与中世纪生理学没有直接联系
165
Etymonline
consanguineous
consanguineous (adj.)
c.1600, from L. consanguineus "of the same blood" (see consanguinity).
韦氏大学
con·san·guin·e·ous
\ˌkän-ˌsan-ˈgwi-nē-əs, -ˌsaŋ-\ adjective
Etymology: Latin consanguineus, from com- + sanguin-, sanguis blood
Date: 1601
: of the same blood or origin; specifically : descended from the same ancestor
• con·san·guin·e·ous·ly adverb
美国传统词典英汉
con.san.guin.e.ous
AHD:[kŏn'săn-gwĭnʹē-əs, -săng-] 也作 con.san.guine [kŏn-săngʹgwĭn, kən-]
D.J.[ˌkɒnsænˈgwɪniːəs, -sæŋ-] 也作 con.san.guine [kɒnˈsæŋgwɪn, kən-]
K.K.[ˌkɑnsænˈgwɪniəs, -sæŋ-] 也作 con.san.guine [kɑnˈsæŋgwɪn, kən-]
adj.（形容词）
Of the same lineage or origin; having a common ancestor.
同宗的：同血统或同源；有共同祖先的
```
语源
From Latin cōnsanguineus
源自 拉丁语 cōnsanguineus
com- [com-]
com- [前缀，表“同”]
sanguineus [of blood] * see sanguine
sanguineus [血缘的] *参见 sanguine
```
继承用法
con'sanguinʹeously adv.（副词）
Etymonline
consanguineous
consanguineous (adj.)
c.1600, from L. consanguineus "of the same blood" (see consanguinity).
韦氏大学
con·san·guin·e·ous
\ˌkän-ˌsan-ˈgwi-nē-əs, -ˌsaŋ-\ adjective
Etymology: Latin consanguineus, from com- + sanguin-, sanguis blood
Date: 1601
: of the same blood or origin; specifically : descended from the same ancestor
• con·san·guin·e·ous·ly adverb
美国传统词典英汉
con.san.guin.e.ous
AHD:[kŏn'săn-gwĭnʹē-əs, -săng-] 也作 con.san.guine [kŏn-săngʹgwĭn, kən-]
D.J.[ˌkɒnsænˈgwɪniːəs, -sæŋ-] 也作 con.san.guine [kɒnˈsæŋgwɪn, kən-]
K.K.[ˌkɑnsænˈgwɪniəs, -sæŋ-] 也作 con.san.guine [kɑnˈsæŋgwɪn, kən-]
adj.（形容词）
Of the same lineage or origin; having a common ancestor.
同宗的：同血统或同源；有共同祖先的
```
语源
From Latin cōnsanguineus
源自 拉丁语 cōnsanguineus
com- [com-]
com- [前缀，表“同”]
sanguineus [of blood] * see sanguine
sanguineus [血缘的] *参见 sanguine
```
继承用法
con'sanguinʹeously adv.（副词）
166
```
analgesic
analgesic (adj.)
"tending to remove pain," 1848, from analgesia + -ic. Alternative form analgetic is preferred by linguistic purists but is less common in use. The noun meaning "an analgesic preparation" recorded by 1860.
韦氏大学
an·al·ge·sic
adjective or noun
see analgesia
美国传统词典英汉
an.al.ge.sic
AHD:[ăn'əl-jēʹzĭk, -sĭk]
D.J.[ˌænəlˈdʒiːzɪk, -sɪk]
K.K.[ˌænəlˈdʒizɪk, -sɪk]
n.（名词）
A medication that reduces or eliminates pain.
止痛药，镇痛剂：一种减缓或消除痛苦的药物
adj.（形容词）
Of or causing analgesia.
无痛觉的，止痛的
```
```
analgesic
analgesic (adj.)
"tending to remove pain," 1848, from analgesia + -ic. Alternative form analgetic is preferred by linguistic purists but is less common in use. The noun meaning "an analgesic preparation" recorded by 1860.
韦氏大学
an·al·ge·sic
adjective or noun
see analgesia
美国传统词典英汉
an.al.ge.sic
AHD:[ăn'əl-jēʹzĭk, -sĭk]
D.J.[ˌænəlˈdʒiːzɪk, -sɪk]
K.K.[ˌænəlˈdʒizɪk, -sɪk]
n.（名词）
A medication that reduces or eliminates pain.
止痛药，镇痛剂：一种减缓或消除痛苦的药物
adj.（形容词）
Of or causing analgesia.
无痛觉的，止痛的
```
167
neurasthenia
neurasthenia (n.)
"nervous exhaustion," 1854, medical Latin, from neur- (form of neuro- before a vowel) + asthenia, from Gk. aisthesis "feeling," from PIE root *au- "to perceive" (see audience). Related: Neurasthenic.
韦氏大学
neur·as·the·nia
\ˌnu̇r-əs-ˈthē-nē-ə, ˌnyu̇r-\ noun
Etymology: New Latin
Date: circa 1856
: a psychological disorder marked especially by easy fatigability and often by lack of motivation, feelings of inadequacy, and psychosomatic symptoms — compare chronic fatigue syndrome
• neur·as·then·ic \-ˈthe-nik, -ˈthē-\ adjective or noun
• neur·as·then·i·cal·ly \-ni-k(ə-)lē\ adverb
美国传统词典英汉
neu.ras.the.ni.a
AHD:[n‹r'əs-thēʹnē-ə, ny‹r'-]
D.J.[ˌnʊərəsˈθiːniːə, ˌnjʊər-]
K.K.[ˌnʊrəsˈθiniə, ˌnjʊr-]
n.（名词）
A neurotic disorder characterized by chronic fatigue and weakness, loss of memory, and generalized aches and pains. It was formerly thought to result from exhaustion of the nervous system.
神经衰弱：一种神经系统紊乱，表现为长期疲劳乏力、失去记忆，带中度疼痛。以前被认为是由于神经系统衰竭引起的
继承用法
neu'rasthenʹic AHD:[-thĕnʹĭk] （形容词）（名词）
neu'rasthenʹically adv.（副词）
neurasthenia
neurasthenia (n.)
"nervous exhaustion," 1854, medical Latin, from neur- (form of neuro- before a vowel) + asthenia, from Gk. aisthesis "feeling," from PIE root *au- "to perceive" (see audience). Related: Neurasthenic.
韦氏大学
neur·as·the·nia
\ˌnu̇r-əs-ˈthē-nē-ə, ˌnyu̇r-\ noun
Etymology: New Latin
Date: circa 1856
: a psychological disorder marked especially by easy fatigability and often by lack of motivation, feelings of inadequacy, and psychosomatic symptoms — compare chronic fatigue syndrome
• neur·as·then·ic \-ˈthe-nik, -ˈthē-\ adjective or noun
• neur·as·then·i·cal·ly \-ni-k(ə-)lē\ adverb
美国传统词典英汉
neu.ras.the.ni.a
AHD:[n‹r'əs-thēʹnē-ə, ny‹r'-]
D.J.[ˌnʊərəsˈθiːniːə, ˌnjʊər-]
K.K.[ˌnʊrəsˈθiniə, ˌnjʊr-]
n.（名词）
A neurotic disorder characterized by chronic fatigue and weakness, loss of memory, and generalized aches and pains. It was formerly thought to result from exhaustion of the nervous system.
神经衰弱：一种神经系统紊乱，表现为长期疲劳乏力、失去记忆，带中度疼痛。以前被认为是由于神经系统衰竭引起的
继承用法
neu'rasthenʹic AHD:[-thĕnʹĭk] （形容词）（名词）
neu'rasthenʹically adv.（副词）
168
```
ster·no·cos·tal
\ˌstər-nō-ˈkäs-təl\ adjective
Etymology: New Latin sternum + English -o- + costal
Date: 1785
: of, relating to, or situated between the sternum and ribs
美国传统词典英汉
ster.no.cos.tal
AHD:[stûr'nō-kŏsʹtəl]
D.J.[ˌstɜːnəʊˈkɒstəl]
K.K.[ˌstɝnoˈkɑstəl]
adj.（形容词）
Of or relating to both the sternum and the ribs.
胸肋的：胸骨和肋骨的或与之有关的
```
```
语源
stern(um)
stern(um)
Latin costa [rib] * see kost-
拉丁语 costa [肋骨] *参见 kost-
-al 1
-al1
```
```
ster·no·cos·tal
\ˌstər-nō-ˈkäs-təl\ adjective
Etymology: New Latin sternum + English -o- + costal
Date: 1785
: of, relating to, or situated between the sternum and ribs
美国传统词典英汉
ster.no.cos.tal
AHD:[stûr'nō-kŏsʹtəl]
D.J.[ˌstɜːnəʊˈkɒstəl]
K.K.[ˌstɝnoˈkɑstəl]
adj.（形容词）
Of or relating to both the sternum and the ribs.
胸肋的：胸骨和肋骨的或与之有关的
```
```
语源
stern(um)
stern(um)
Latin costa [rib] * see kost-
拉丁语 costa [肋骨] *参见 kost-
-al 1
-al1
```
169
ossicle (n.)
1570s, from L. ossiculum, dim. of os "bone" (see osseous).
韦氏大学
os·si·cle
\ˈä-si-kəl\ noun
Etymology: Latin ossiculum, diminutive of oss-, os
Date: 1578
: a small bone or bony structure (as the malleus, incus, or stapes)
• os·sic·u·lar \ä-ˈsi-kyə-lər\ adjective
美国传统词典英汉
os.si.cle
AHD:[ŏsʹĭ-kəl]
D.J.[ˈɒsɪkəl]
K.K.[ˈɑsɪkəl]
n.（名词）
A small bone, especially one of the three bones of the middle ear.
小骨：小骨，尤指中耳的三块骨头之一
语源
Latin ossiculum [diminutive of] os [bone] * see ost-
拉丁语 ossiculum [] os的小后缀 [骨头] *参见 ost-
继承用法
ossicʹular AHD:[ŏ-sĭkʹyə-lər] 或 os.sicʹu.late [-lĭt] （形容词）
ossicle (n.)
1570s, from L. ossiculum, dim. of os "bone" (see osseous).
韦氏大学
os·si·cle
\ˈä-si-kəl\ noun
Etymology: Latin ossiculum, diminutive of oss-, os
Date: 1578
: a small bone or bony structure (as the malleus, incus, or stapes)
• os·sic·u·lar \ä-ˈsi-kyə-lər\ adjective
美国传统词典英汉
os.si.cle
AHD:[ŏsʹĭ-kəl]
D.J.[ˈɒsɪkəl]
K.K.[ˈɑsɪkəl]
n.（名词）
A small bone, especially one of the three bones of the middle ear.
小骨：小骨，尤指中耳的三块骨头之一
语源
Latin ossiculum [diminutive of] os [bone] * see ost-
拉丁语 ossiculum [] os的小后缀 [骨头] *参见 ost-
继承用法
ossicʹular AHD:[ŏ-sĭkʹyə-lər] 或 os.sicʹu.late [-lĭt] （形容词）
170
```
ossuary
ossuary (n.)
"urn for the bones of the dead," 1650s, from L.L. ossuarium "charnel house," from neuter of L. ossuarius "of bones," from L. os (pl. ossua) "bone" (see osseous) on model of mortuarium.
韦氏大学
os·su·ary
\ˈä-shə-ˌwer-ē, -syə-, -sə-\ noun
(plural -ar·ies)
Etymology: Late Latin ossuarium, from Latin, neuter of ossuarius of bones, from Old Latin ossua, plural of oss-, os
Date: 1658
: a depository for the bones of the dead
美国传统词典英汉
os.su.ar.y
AHD:[ŏshʹ›-ĕr'ē, ŏsʹy›-]
D.J.[ˈɒʃuːˌeriː, ˈɒsjuː-]
K.K.[ˈɑʃuˌɛri, ˈɑsju-]
n.（名词）
【复数】 os.su.ar.ies
A container or receptacle, such as an urn or a vault, for holding the bones of the dead.
尸骨存放处：装死人骨头的容器或贮藏所，如瓮或储藏室
```
```
语源
Late Latin ossuārium
后期拉丁语 ossuārium
from neuter of Latin ossuārius [of bones]
源自 拉丁语 ossuārius的中性词 [骨的]
from os oss- [bone] * see ost-
源自 os oss- [骨头] *参见 ost-
```
```
ossuary
ossuary (n.)
"urn for the bones of the dead," 1650s, from L.L. ossuarium "charnel house," from neuter of L. ossuarius "of bones," from L. os (pl. ossua) "bone" (see osseous) on model of mortuarium.
韦氏大学
os·su·ary
\ˈä-shə-ˌwer-ē, -syə-, -sə-\ noun
(plural -ar·ies)
Etymology: Late Latin ossuarium, from Latin, neuter of ossuarius of bones, from Old Latin ossua, plural of oss-, os
Date: 1658
: a depository for the bones of the dead
美国传统词典英汉
os.su.ar.y
AHD:[ŏshʹ›-ĕr'ē, ŏsʹy›-]
D.J.[ˈɒʃuːˌeriː, ˈɒsjuː-]
K.K.[ˈɑʃuˌɛri, ˈɑsju-]
n.（名词）
【复数】 os.su.ar.ies
A container or receptacle, such as an urn or a vault, for holding the bones of the dead.
尸骨存放处：装死人骨头的容器或贮藏所，如瓮或储藏室
```
```
语源
Late Latin ossuārium
后期拉丁语 ossuārium
from neuter of Latin ossuārius [of bones]
源自 拉丁语 ossuārius的中性词 [骨的]
from os oss- [bone] * see ost-
源自 os oss- [骨头] *参见 ost-
```
171
```
Etymonline
migraine
migraine (n.)
late 14c., megrim, from O.Fr. migraigne (13c.), from vulgar pronunciation of L.L. hemicrania "pain in one side of the head, headache," from Gk. hemikrania, from hemi- "half" + kranion "skull" (see cranium). The Middle English form was re-spelled 1777 on the French model. Related: Migrainous.
韦氏大学
mi·graine
\ˈmī-ˌgrān, Britain often ˈmē-\ noun
Etymology: Middle English mygreyn, from Middle French migraine, modification of Late Latin hemicrania pain in one side of the head, from Greek hēmikrania, from hēmi- hemi- + kranion cranium
Date: 15th century
1. : a condition marked by recurrent severe headache often with nausea and vomiting
2. : an episode or attack of migraine
• mi·grain·ous \-ˌgrā-nəs\ adjective
美国传统词典英汉
mi.graine
AHD:[mīʹgrān']
D.J.[ˈmaɪˌgreɪn]
K.K.[ˈmaɪˌgren]
n.（名词）
A severe, recurring headache, usually affecting only one side of the head, characterized by sharp pain and often accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and visual disturbances.Also called megrim
偏头痛：一种严重的，经常发作的头痛，通常只发作于头的一侧，表现为剧烈的疼痛，常伴随有恶心，呕吐及视觉混乱等症状也作 megrim
```
```
语源
Middle English
中古英语
from Old French
源自 古法语
from Late Latin hēmicrānia
源自 后期拉丁语 hēmicrānia
from Greek hēmikrania
源自 希腊语 hēmikrania
hēmi- [hemi-]
hēmi- [前缀，表“半…”]
kranion [head] * see ker- 1
kranion [头] *参见 ker- 1
```
继承用法
migrainʹous adj.（形容词）
```
Etymonline
migraine
migraine (n.)
late 14c., megrim, from O.Fr. migraigne (13c.), from vulgar pronunciation of L.L. hemicrania "pain in one side of the head, headache," from Gk. hemikrania, from hemi- "half" + kranion "skull" (see cranium). The Middle English form was re-spelled 1777 on the French model. Related: Migrainous.
韦氏大学
mi·graine
\ˈmī-ˌgrān, Britain often ˈmē-\ noun
Etymology: Middle English mygreyn, from Middle French migraine, modification of Late Latin hemicrania pain in one side of the head, from Greek hēmikrania, from hēmi- hemi- + kranion cranium
Date: 15th century
1. : a condition marked by recurrent severe headache often with nausea and vomiting
2. : an episode or attack of migraine
• mi·grain·ous \-ˌgrā-nəs\ adjective
美国传统词典英汉
mi.graine
AHD:[mīʹgrān']
D.J.[ˈmaɪˌgreɪn]
K.K.[ˈmaɪˌgren]
n.（名词）
A severe, recurring headache, usually affecting only one side of the head, characterized by sharp pain and often accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and visual disturbances.Also called megrim
偏头痛：一种严重的，经常发作的头痛，通常只发作于头的一侧，表现为剧烈的疼痛，常伴随有恶心，呕吐及视觉混乱等症状也作 megrim
```
```
语源
Middle English
中古英语
from Old French
源自 古法语
from Late Latin hēmicrānia
源自 后期拉丁语 hēmicrānia
from Greek hēmikrania
源自 希腊语 hēmikrania
hēmi- [hemi-]
hēmi- [前缀，表“半…”]
kranion [head] * see ker- 1
kranion [头] *参见 ker- 1
```
继承用法
migrainʹous adj.（形容词）
172
```
cranium
cranium (n.)
1540s, from M.L. cranium, from Gk. kranion "skull, upper part of the head," related to kara (poetic kras) "head," from PIE root *ker- "horn, head." Strictly, the bones which enclose the brain.
韦氏大学
cra·ni·um
\ˈkrā-nē-əm\ noun
(plural -ni·ums or cra·nia \-nē-ə\)
Etymology: Medieval Latin, from Greek kranion; akin to Greek kara head — more at cerebral
Date: 15th century
: skull; specifically : the part that encloses the brain : braincase
美国传统词典英汉
cra.ni.um
AHD:[krāʹnē-əm]
D.J.[ˈkreɪniːəm]
K.K.[ˈkreniəm]
n.（名词）
【复数】 cra.ni.ums 或 cra.ni.a [-nē-ə]
The skull of a vertebrate.
脊椎动物的头颅
The portion of the skull enclosing the brain; the braincase.
头颅，颅：囊括脑子的那部分颅骨；脑壳
```
```
语源
Middle English craneum
中古英语 craneum
from Medieval Latin cranium
源自 中世纪拉丁语 cranium
from Greek kranion * see ker- 1
源自 希腊语 kranion *参见 ker- 1
```
```
cranium
cranium (n.)
1540s, from M.L. cranium, from Gk. kranion "skull, upper part of the head," related to kara (poetic kras) "head," from PIE root *ker- "horn, head." Strictly, the bones which enclose the brain.
韦氏大学
cra·ni·um
\ˈkrā-nē-əm\ noun
(plural -ni·ums or cra·nia \-nē-ə\)
Etymology: Medieval Latin, from Greek kranion; akin to Greek kara head — more at cerebral
Date: 15th century
: skull; specifically : the part that encloses the brain : braincase
美国传统词典英汉
cra.ni.um
AHD:[krāʹnē-əm]
D.J.[ˈkreɪniːəm]
K.K.[ˈkreniəm]
n.（名词）
【复数】 cra.ni.ums 或 cra.ni.a [-nē-ə]
The skull of a vertebrate.
脊椎动物的头颅
The portion of the skull enclosing the brain; the braincase.
头颅，颅：囊括脑子的那部分颅骨；脑壳
```
```
语源
Middle English craneum
中古英语 craneum
from Medieval Latin cranium
源自 中世纪拉丁语 cranium
from Greek kranion * see ker- 1
源自 希腊语 kranion *参见 ker- 1
```
173
```
cy·tol·y·sis
\sī-ˈtä-lə-səs\ noun
Etymology: New Latin
Date: 1907
: the usually pathologic dissolution or disintegration of cells
• cy·to·lyt·ic \ˌsī-tə-ˈli-tik\ adjective
美国传统词典英汉
cy.tol.y.sis
AHD:[sī-tŏlʹĭ-sĭs]
D.J.[saɪˈtɒlɪsɪs]
K.K.[saɪˈtɑlɪsɪs]
n.（名词）
The dissolution or destruction of a cell.
细胞溶解：细胞的溶解或破坏
```
继承用法
cy'tolytʹic AHD:[sī'tə-lĭtʹĭk] （形容词）
```
cy·tol·y·sis
\sī-ˈtä-lə-səs\ noun
Etymology: New Latin
Date: 1907
: the usually pathologic dissolution or disintegration of cells
• cy·to·lyt·ic \ˌsī-tə-ˈli-tik\ adjective
美国传统词典英汉
cy.tol.y.sis
AHD:[sī-tŏlʹĭ-sĭs]
D.J.[saɪˈtɒlɪsɪs]
K.K.[saɪˈtɑlɪsɪs]
n.（名词）
The dissolution or destruction of a cell.
细胞溶解：细胞的溶解或破坏
```
继承用法
cy'tolytʹic AHD:[sī'tə-lĭtʹĭk] （形容词）
174
```
hoard
hoard (v.)
O.E. hordian, cognate with O.H.G. gihurten, Ger. gehorden, Goth. huzdjan, from the root of hoard (n.). Related: Hoarded; hoarding.
Etymonline
hoard
hoard (n.)
O.E. hord "treasure, valuable stock or store," from P.Gmc. *huzdam (cf. O.S. hord "treasure, hidden or inmost place," O.N. hodd, Ger. Hort, Goth. huzd "treasure," lit. "hidden treasure"), from PIE root *(s)keu- "to cover, conceal" (see hide (n.1)).
韦氏大学
hoard
I. \ˈhȯrd\ noun
Etymology: Middle English hord, from Old English; akin to Gothic huzd treasure, Old English hȳdan to hide
Date: before 12th century
: a supply or fund stored up and often hidden away
II. verb
Date: before 12th century
transitive verb
1. : to lay up a hoard of
2. : to keep (as one's thoughts) to oneself
intransitive verb
: to lay up a hoard
• hoard·er noun
美国传统词典英汉
hoard
AHD:[hôrd, hōrd]
D.J.[hɔːd, həʊrd]
K.K.[hɔrd, hord]
n.（名词）
A hidden fund or supply stored for future use; a cache.
积聚，囤积：为备将来使用而藏起来的钱或物；密窖，贮藏处
v.（动词）
hoard.ed, hoard.ing, hoards
v.intr.（不及物动词）
To gather or accumulate a hoard.
贮藏：收集或积累入贮藏处
v.tr.（及物动词）
To accumulate a hoard of.
积聚一仓库东西
To keep hidden or private.
秘藏以不为人知
```
```
语源
Middle English hord
中古英语 hord
from Old English * see (s)keu-
源自 古英语 *参见 (s)keu-
```
继承用法
hoardʹer n.（名词）
```
hoard
hoard (v.)
O.E. hordian, cognate with O.H.G. gihurten, Ger. gehorden, Goth. huzdjan, from the root of hoard (n.). Related: Hoarded; hoarding.
Etymonline
hoard
hoard (n.)
O.E. hord "treasure, valuable stock or store," from P.Gmc. *huzdam (cf. O.S. hord "treasure, hidden or inmost place," O.N. hodd, Ger. Hort, Goth. huzd "treasure," lit. "hidden treasure"), from PIE root *(s)keu- "to cover, conceal" (see hide (n.1)).
韦氏大学
hoard
I. \ˈhȯrd\ noun
Etymology: Middle English hord, from Old English; akin to Gothic huzd treasure, Old English hȳdan to hide
Date: before 12th century
: a supply or fund stored up and often hidden away
II. verb
Date: before 12th century
transitive verb
1. : to lay up a hoard of
2. : to keep (as one's thoughts) to oneself
intransitive verb
: to lay up a hoard
• hoard·er noun
美国传统词典英汉
hoard
AHD:[hôrd, hōrd]
D.J.[hɔːd, həʊrd]
K.K.[hɔrd, hord]
n.（名词）
A hidden fund or supply stored for future use; a cache.
积聚，囤积：为备将来使用而藏起来的钱或物；密窖，贮藏处
v.（动词）
hoard.ed, hoard.ing, hoards
v.intr.（不及物动词）
To gather or accumulate a hoard.
贮藏：收集或积累入贮藏处
v.tr.（及物动词）
To accumulate a hoard of.
积聚一仓库东西
To keep hidden or private.
秘藏以不为人知
```
```
语源
Middle English hord
中古英语 hord
from Old English * see (s)keu-
源自 古英语 *参见 (s)keu-
```
继承用法
hoardʹer n.（名词）
175
```
pachyderm
pachyderm (n.)
1838, from Fr. pachyderme (c.1600), adopted as a biological term 1797 by French naturalist Georges Léopole Chrétien Frédéric Dagobert, Baron Cuvier (1769-1832), from Gk. pachydermos "thick-skinned," from pachys "thick, large, massive," from PIE *bhengh- "thick, fat" (cf. Skt. bahu- "much, numerous" Avestan bazah- "height, depth," Hittite pankush "large," O.N. bingr "heap," O.H.G. bungo "a bulb," Lith. biess "thick") + derma "skin" (see derma).
韦氏大学
pachy·derm
\ˈpa-ki-ˌdərm\ noun
Etymology: French pachyderme, from Greek pachydermos thick-skinned, from pachys thick + derma skin; akin to Sanskrit bahu dense, much — more at derm-
Date: 1838
: any of various nonruminant mammals (as an elephant, a rhinoceros, or a hippopotamus) of a former group (Pachydermata) that have hooves or nails resembling hooves and usually thick skin; especially : elephant
美国传统词典英汉
pach.y.derm
AHD:[păkʹĭ-dûrm']
D.J.[ˈpækɪˌdɜːm]
K.K.[ˈpækɪˌdɝm]
n.（名词）
Any of various large, thick-skinned, hoofed mammals such as the elephant, rhinoceros, or hippopotamus.
厚皮动物：任一种体大的、厚皮的、有蹄的哺乳动物，如象、犀牛或河马
```
```
语源
French pachyderme
法语 pachyderme
from New Latin *Pachyderma [sing. of] Pachydermata [obsolete order name]
源自 现代拉丁语 *Pachyderma [] Pachydermata的单数 [已废弃的种类名称]
from Greek pakhudermos [thick-skinned]
源自 希腊语 pakhudermos [厚皮的]
pakhus [thick]
pakhus [厚的]
derma [skin] * see derma 1
derma [皮] *参见 derma1
```
继承用法
pach'yderʹmal 或 pach'yderʹmic 或 pach'yderʹmous adj.（形容词）
```
pachyderm
pachyderm (n.)
1838, from Fr. pachyderme (c.1600), adopted as a biological term 1797 by French naturalist Georges Léopole Chrétien Frédéric Dagobert, Baron Cuvier (1769-1832), from Gk. pachydermos "thick-skinned," from pachys "thick, large, massive," from PIE *bhengh- "thick, fat" (cf. Skt. bahu- "much, numerous" Avestan bazah- "height, depth," Hittite pankush "large," O.N. bingr "heap," O.H.G. bungo "a bulb," Lith. biess "thick") + derma "skin" (see derma).
韦氏大学
pachy·derm
\ˈpa-ki-ˌdərm\ noun
Etymology: French pachyderme, from Greek pachydermos thick-skinned, from pachys thick + derma skin; akin to Sanskrit bahu dense, much — more at derm-
Date: 1838
: any of various nonruminant mammals (as an elephant, a rhinoceros, or a hippopotamus) of a former group (Pachydermata) that have hooves or nails resembling hooves and usually thick skin; especially : elephant
美国传统词典英汉
pach.y.derm
AHD:[păkʹĭ-dûrm']
D.J.[ˈpækɪˌdɜːm]
K.K.[ˈpækɪˌdɝm]
n.（名词）
Any of various large, thick-skinned, hoofed mammals such as the elephant, rhinoceros, or hippopotamus.
厚皮动物：任一种体大的、厚皮的、有蹄的哺乳动物，如象、犀牛或河马
```
```
语源
French pachyderme
法语 pachyderme
from New Latin *Pachyderma [sing. of] Pachydermata [obsolete order name]
源自 现代拉丁语 *Pachyderma [] Pachydermata的单数 [已废弃的种类名称]
from Greek pakhudermos [thick-skinned]
源自 希腊语 pakhudermos [厚皮的]
pakhus [thick]
pakhus [厚的]
derma [skin] * see derma 1
derma [皮] *参见 derma1
```
继承用法
pach'yderʹmal 或 pach'yderʹmic 或 pach'yderʹmous adj.（形容词）
176
uterus
uterus (n.)
1610s, from L. uterus "womb, belly" (pl. uteri), from PIE root *udero- "abdomen, womb, stomach" (cf. Skt. udaram "belly," Gk. hystera "womb," Lith. vederas "stomach," O.C.S. vedro "bucket").
韦氏大学
uter·us
\ˈyü-tə-rəs, ˈyü-trəs\ noun
(plural uter·us·es or uteri \ˈyü-tə-ˌrī\)
Etymology: Middle English, from Latin, belly, womb; probably akin to Greek hoderos belly, Sanskrit udara
Date: 14th century
1. : a muscular organ of the female mammal for containing and usually for nourishing the young during development prior to birth — called also womb
2. : a structure in some lower animals analogous to the uterus in which eggs or young develop
美国传统词典英汉
u.ter.us
AHD:[y›ʹtər-əs]
D.J.[ˈjuːtərəs]
K.K.[ˈjutərəs]
n.（名词）
【复数】 u.ter.i[y›ʹtə-rī'] 或 u.ter.us.es
A hollow muscular organ located in the pelvic cavity of female mammals in which the fertilized egg implants and develops.Also called womb
子宫：女性哺乳动物体内位于盆腔里的中空的肌肉器官，受精卵可在里面生长发育也作 womb
A corresponding part in other animals.
其他动物体内与此相应的部分
```
语源
Middle English
中古英语
from Latin
源自 拉丁语
```
uterus
uterus (n.)
1610s, from L. uterus "womb, belly" (pl. uteri), from PIE root *udero- "abdomen, womb, stomach" (cf. Skt. udaram "belly," Gk. hystera "womb," Lith. vederas "stomach," O.C.S. vedro "bucket").
韦氏大学
uter·us
\ˈyü-tə-rəs, ˈyü-trəs\ noun
(plural uter·us·es or uteri \ˈyü-tə-ˌrī\)
Etymology: Middle English, from Latin, belly, womb; probably akin to Greek hoderos belly, Sanskrit udara
Date: 14th century
1. : a muscular organ of the female mammal for containing and usually for nourishing the young during development prior to birth — called also womb
2. : a structure in some lower animals analogous to the uterus in which eggs or young develop
美国传统词典英汉
u.ter.us
AHD:[y›ʹtər-əs]
D.J.[ˈjuːtərəs]
K.K.[ˈjutərəs]
n.（名词）
【复数】 u.ter.i[y›ʹtə-rī'] 或 u.ter.us.es
A hollow muscular organ located in the pelvic cavity of female mammals in which the fertilized egg implants and develops.Also called womb
子宫：女性哺乳动物体内位于盆腔里的中空的肌肉器官，受精卵可在里面生长发育也作 womb
A corresponding part in other animals.
其他动物体内与此相应的部分
```
语源
Middle English
中古英语
from Latin
源自 拉丁语
```
177
Etymonline
cordon
cordon (n.)
mid-15c., "cord or ribbon worn as an ornament," from M.Fr. cordon "ribbon," dim. of O.Fr. corde "cord" (see cord). Sense of "a line of people or things guarding something" is 1758. Original sense preserved in cordon bleu (1727) "the highest distinction," lit. "blue ribbon," for the sky-blue ribbon worn by the Knights-grand-cross of the Holy Ghost (highest order of chivalry); extended figuratively to other persons of distinction, especially, jocularly, to a first-rate cook. Cordon sanitaire (1857), from French, a guarded line between infected and uninfected districts.
Etymonline
cordon
cordon (v.)
1560s, "to ornament with a ribbon;" 1891 as "to guard with a cordon;" from cordon (n.). Related: Cordoned; cordoning.
韦氏大学
cor·don
I. \ˈkȯr-dən, -ˌdän\ noun
Etymology: French, diminutive of corde cord
Date: 15th century
1.
a. : an ornamental cord or ribbon
b. : stringcourse
2.
a. : a line of troops or of military posts enclosing an area to prevent passage
b. : a line of persons or objects around a person or place
3. : an espalier especially of a fruit tree trained as a single horizontal shoot or two diverging horizontal shoots in a single line
II. transitive verb
Date: 1561
: to form a protective or restrictive cordon around — usually used with off
美国传统词典英汉
cor.don
AHD:[kôrʹdn]
D.J.[ˈkɔːdn]
K.K.[ˈkɔrdņ]
n.（名词）
A line of people, military posts, or ships stationed around an area to enclose or guard it.
封锁线：驻扎于一个地区周围包围或保卫它的一列人、军事岗位或船只
A cord or braid worn as a fastening or an ornament.
饰带：用于固定或装饰的带或编带
A ribbon usually worn diagonally across the breast as a badge of honor or a decoration.
绶带：常以对角线方向佩带在胸前做为一种荣誉勋章或装饰的一种缎带
Architecture A stringcourse.
【建筑学】 水平箍带、束带
Botany A tree or shrub, especially a fruit tree such as an apple or a pear, repeatedly pruned and trained to grow on a support as a single ropelike stem.
【植物学】 修剪成单干形的果树：反复修剪使其生长在单一绳状树干上做为支撑的树或灌木，尤其是果树，如苹果树或梨树
v.tr.（及物动词）
cor.doned, cor.don.ing, cor.dons
To form a cordon around (an area) so as to prevent movement in or out:
封锁：在某一地区周围形成封锁线以阻止出入：
Troops cordoned off the riot zone.
军队封锁了暴乱地区
```
语源
French
法语
from Old French [diminutive of] corde [cord] * see cord
源自 古法语 [] corde的小后缀 [绳索] *参见 cord
```
Etymonline
cordon
cordon (n.)
mid-15c., "cord or ribbon worn as an ornament," from M.Fr. cordon "ribbon," dim. of O.Fr. corde "cord" (see cord). Sense of "a line of people or things guarding something" is 1758. Original sense preserved in cordon bleu (1727) "the highest distinction," lit. "blue ribbon," for the sky-blue ribbon worn by the Knights-grand-cross of the Holy Ghost (highest order of chivalry); extended figuratively to other persons of distinction, especially, jocularly, to a first-rate cook. Cordon sanitaire (1857), from French, a guarded line between infected and uninfected districts.
Etymonline
cordon
cordon (v.)
1560s, "to ornament with a ribbon;" 1891 as "to guard with a cordon;" from cordon (n.). Related: Cordoned; cordoning.
韦氏大学
cor·don
I. \ˈkȯr-dən, -ˌdän\ noun
Etymology: French, diminutive of corde cord
Date: 15th century
1.
a. : an ornamental cord or ribbon
b. : stringcourse
2.
a. : a line of troops or of military posts enclosing an area to prevent passage
b. : a line of persons or objects around a person or place
3. : an espalier especially of a fruit tree trained as a single horizontal shoot or two diverging horizontal shoots in a single line
II. transitive verb
Date: 1561
: to form a protective or restrictive cordon around — usually used with off
美国传统词典英汉
cor.don
AHD:[kôrʹdn]
D.J.[ˈkɔːdn]
K.K.[ˈkɔrdņ]
n.（名词）
A line of people, military posts, or ships stationed around an area to enclose or guard it.
封锁线：驻扎于一个地区周围包围或保卫它的一列人、军事岗位或船只
A cord or braid worn as a fastening or an ornament.
饰带：用于固定或装饰的带或编带
A ribbon usually worn diagonally across the breast as a badge of honor or a decoration.
绶带：常以对角线方向佩带在胸前做为一种荣誉勋章或装饰的一种缎带
Architecture A stringcourse.
【建筑学】 水平箍带、束带
Botany A tree or shrub, especially a fruit tree such as an apple or a pear, repeatedly pruned and trained to grow on a support as a single ropelike stem.
【植物学】 修剪成单干形的果树：反复修剪使其生长在单一绳状树干上做为支撑的树或灌木，尤其是果树，如苹果树或梨树
v.tr.（及物动词）
cor.doned, cor.don.ing, cor.dons
To form a cordon around (an area) so as to prevent movement in or out:
封锁：在某一地区周围形成封锁线以阻止出入：
Troops cordoned off the riot zone.
军队封锁了暴乱地区
```
语源
French
法语
from Old French [diminutive of] corde [cord] * see cord
源自 古法语 [] corde的小后缀 [绳索] *参见 cord
```
178
```
tet·ra·chord
\ˈte-trə-ˌkȯrd\ noun
Etymology: Greek tetrachordon, from neuter of tetrachordos of four strings, from tetra- + chordē string — more at yarn
Date: 1603
: a diatonic series of four tones with an interval of a perfect fourth between the first and last
美国传统词典英汉
tet.ra.chord
AHD:[tĕtʹrə-kôrd']
D.J.[ˈtetrəˌkɔːd]
K.K.[ˈtɛtrəˌkɔrd]
n.Music （名词）【音乐】
A series of four diatonic tones encompassing the interval of a perfect fourth.
四整音阶：包括纯四度音程的一系列四个全音音调
```
语源
Greek tetrakhordon [from neuter of] tetrakhordos [four-stringed]
希腊语 tetrakhordon [] 源自tetrakhordos的中性词 [四弦的]
tetra- [tetra-]
tetra- [四]
khordē [string] * see gherə-
khordē [弦] *参见 gherə-
继承用法
tet'rachorʹdal AHD:[-kôrʹdl] （形容词）
```
tet·ra·chord
\ˈte-trə-ˌkȯrd\ noun
Etymology: Greek tetrachordon, from neuter of tetrachordos of four strings, from tetra- + chordē string — more at yarn
Date: 1603
: a diatonic series of four tones with an interval of a perfect fourth between the first and last
美国传统词典英汉
tet.ra.chord
AHD:[tĕtʹrə-kôrd']
D.J.[ˈtetrəˌkɔːd]
K.K.[ˈtɛtrəˌkɔrd]
n.Music （名词）【音乐】
A series of four diatonic tones encompassing the interval of a perfect fourth.
四整音阶：包括纯四度音程的一系列四个全音音调
```
语源
Greek tetrakhordon [from neuter of] tetrakhordos [four-stringed]
希腊语 tetrakhordon [] 源自tetrakhordos的中性词 [四弦的]
tetra- [tetra-]
tetra- [四]
khordē [string] * see gherə-
khordē [弦] *参见 gherə-
继承用法
tet'rachorʹdal AHD:[-kôrʹdl] （形容词）
179
```
ep.i.gas.tri.um
AHD:[ĕp'ĭ-găsʹtrē-əm]
D.J.[ˌepɪˈgæstriːəm]
K.K.[ˌɛpɪˈgæstriəm]
n.（名词）
【复数】 ep.i.gas.tri.a[-trē-ə]
The upper middle region of the abdomen.
腹上部：腹部的中上部分
```
```
语源
New Latin
现代拉丁语
from Greek epigastrion
源自 希腊语 epigastrion
epi- [epi-]
epi- [前缀，表“在…之上”]
gastrion [diminutive of] gastēr [belly, stomach]
gastrion [] gastēr的小后缀 [肚子，胃]
```
继承用法
ep'igasʹtric AHD:[-trĭk] （形容词）
```
ep.i.gas.tri.um
AHD:[ĕp'ĭ-găsʹtrē-əm]
D.J.[ˌepɪˈgæstriːəm]
K.K.[ˌɛpɪˈgæstriəm]
n.（名词）
【复数】 ep.i.gas.tri.a[-trē-ə]
The upper middle region of the abdomen.
腹上部：腹部的中上部分
```
```
语源
New Latin
现代拉丁语
from Greek epigastrion
源自 希腊语 epigastrion
epi- [epi-]
epi- [前缀，表“在…之上”]
gastrion [diminutive of] gastēr [belly, stomach]
gastrion [] gastēr的小后缀 [肚子，胃]
```
继承用法
ep'igasʹtric AHD:[-trĭk] （形容词）
180
```
gramineous (adj.)
1650s, from L. gramineus (adj.) "of grass, grassy," from gramen "grass" (see graminivorous).
韦氏大学
gra·min·e·ous
\grə-ˈmi-nē-əs\ adjective
Etymology: Latin gramineus, from gramin-, gramen grass
Date: circa 1658
: of or relating to a grass
美国传统词典英汉
gra.min.e.ous
AHD:[grə-mĭnʹē-əs]
D.J.[grəˈmɪniːəs]
K.K.[grəˈmɪniəs]
adj.（形容词）
Of, relating to, or characteristic of grasses.
草的：草的，与草有关的或草的特征的
Of or belonging to the grass family.
属禾本科的
```
```
语源
From Latin grāmineus [grassy]
源自 拉丁语 grāmineus [多草的]
from grāmen grāmin- [grass]
源自 grāmen grāmin- [草]
```
继承用法
graminʹeousness n.（名词）
```
gramineous (adj.)
1650s, from L. gramineus (adj.) "of grass, grassy," from gramen "grass" (see graminivorous).
韦氏大学
gra·min·e·ous
\grə-ˈmi-nē-əs\ adjective
Etymology: Latin gramineus, from gramin-, gramen grass
Date: circa 1658
: of or relating to a grass
美国传统词典英汉
gra.min.e.ous
AHD:[grə-mĭnʹē-əs]
D.J.[grəˈmɪniːəs]
K.K.[grəˈmɪniəs]
adj.（形容词）
Of, relating to, or characteristic of grasses.
草的：草的，与草有关的或草的特征的
Of or belonging to the grass family.
属禾本科的
```
```
语源
From Latin grāmineus [grassy]
源自 拉丁语 grāmineus [多草的]
from grāmen grāmin- [grass]
源自 grāmen grāmin- [草]
```
继承用法
graminʹeousness n.（名词
181
```
early 14c., "to swallow too much; to feed to repletion," probably from O.Fr. gloter "to swallow, gulp down," from L. gluttire "swallow, gulp down," from PIE root *gwele- "to swallow" (cf. Rus. glot "draught, gulp"). Related: Glutted; glutting. The noun (1530s), from the verb, originally meant "a gulp;" meaning "condition of being full or sated" is 1570s; mercantile sense is first recorded 1590s.
韦氏大学
glut
I. \ˈglət\ verb
(glut·ted ; glut·ting)
Etymology: Middle English glouten, probably from Anglo-French glutir to swallow, from Latin gluttire — more at glutton
Date: 14th century
transitive verb
1. : to fill especially with food to satiety
2. : to flood (the market) with goods so that supply exceeds demand
intransitive verb
: to eat gluttonously
Synonyms: see satiate
II. noun
Date: circa 1546
1. : an excessive quantity : oversupply
2. archaic : the act or process of glutting
III. transitive verb
(glut·ted ; glut·ting)
Etymology: probably from obsolete glut, noun, swallow
Date: 1600
archaic : to swallow greedily
美国传统词典英汉
glut
AHD:[glŭt]
D.J.[glʌt]
K.K.[glʌt]
v.（动词）
glut.ted, glut.ting, gluts
v.tr.（及物动词）
To fill beyond capacity, especially with food; satiate.See Synonyms at satiate
使吃得过饱：使装到超过容纳量的程度，尤指吃食物；使餍足，使吃腻参见 satiate
To flood (a market) with an excess of goods so that supply exceeds demand.
使充斥：货物充斥（市场）以致于供大于求
v.intr.（不及物动词）
To eat or indulge in something excessively.
暴食：过量地吃或过度耽溺于，沉湎于
n.（名词）
An oversupply.
过量，超量供应
```
```
语源
Middle English glotten
中古英语 glotten
probably from Old French glotoiier [to eat greedily]
可能源自 古法语 glotoiier [贪婪地吃]
from Latin gluttīre
源自 拉丁语 gluttīre
```
```
early 14c., "to swallow too much; to feed to repletion," probably from O.Fr. gloter "to swallow, gulp down," from L. gluttire "swallow, gulp down," from PIE root *gwele- "to swallow" (cf. Rus. glot "draught, gulp"). Related: Glutted; glutting. The noun (1530s), from the verb, originally meant "a gulp;" meaning "condition of being full or sated" is 1570s; mercantile sense is first recorded 1590s.
韦氏大学
glut
I. \ˈglət\ verb
(glut·ted ; glut·ting)
Etymology: Middle English glouten, probably from Anglo-French glutir to swallow, from Latin gluttire — more at glutton
Date: 14th century
transitive verb
1. : to fill especially with food to satiety
2. : to flood (the market) with goods so that supply exceeds demand
intransitive verb
: to eat gluttonously
Synonyms: see satiate
II. noun
Date: circa 1546
1. : an excessive quantity : oversupply
2. archaic : the act or process of glutting
III. transitive verb
(glut·ted ; glut·ting)
Etymology: probably from obsolete glut, noun, swallow
Date: 1600
archaic : to swallow greedily
美国传统词典英汉
glut
AHD:[glŭt]
D.J.[glʌt]
K.K.[glʌt]
v.（动词）
glut.ted, glut.ting, gluts
v.tr.（及物动词）
To fill beyond capacity, especially with food; satiate.See Synonyms at satiate
使吃得过饱：使装到超过容纳量的程度，尤指吃食物；使餍足，使吃腻参见 satiate
To flood (a market) with an excess of goods so that supply exceeds demand.
使充斥：货物充斥（市场）以致于供大于求
v.intr.（不及物动词）
To eat or indulge in something excessively.
暴食：过量地吃或过度耽溺于，沉湎于
n.（名词）
An oversupply.
过量，超量供应
```
```
语源
Middle English glotten
中古英语 glotten
probably from Old French glotoiier [to eat greedily]
可能源自 古法语 glotoiier [贪婪地吃]
from Latin gluttīre
源自 拉丁语 gluttīre
```
182
```
Etymonline
glutton
glutton (n.)
early 13c., from O.Fr. gluton (Mod.Fr. glouton), from L. gluttonem (nom. glutto) "overeater," formed from gluttire "to swallow," from gula "throat," from PIE *gwele- (see glut).
韦氏大学
glut·ton
\ˈglə-tən\ noun
Etymology: Middle English glotoun, from Anglo-French glutun, glotun, from Latin glutton-, glutto; akin to Latin gluttire to swallow, gula throat, Old English ceole
Date: 13th century
1.
a. : one given habitually to greedy and voracious eating and drinking
b. : one that has a great capacity for accepting or enduring something
2. : wolverine 1a
美国传统词典英汉
glut.ton
AHD:[glŭtʹn]
D.J.[ˈglʌtn]
K.K.[ˈglʌtņ]
n.（名词）
A person who eats or consumes immoderate amounts of food and drink.
贪食者：吃过量的食品和饮料的人
A person with an inordinate capacity to receive or withstand something:
对…有承受力的人：具有过度接受或容忍某事的能力的人：
a glutton for punishment.
极能忍耐惩罚者
See wolverine
参见 wolverine
```
```
语源
Middle English glotoun
中古英语 glotoun
from Old French gloton
源自 古法语 gloton
from Latin gluttō gluttōn-
源自 拉丁语 gluttō gluttōn-
```
```
Etymonline
glutton
glutton (n.)
early 13c., from O.Fr. gluton (Mod.Fr. glouton), from L. gluttonem (nom. glutto) "overeater," formed from gluttire "to swallow," from gula "throat," from PIE *gwele- (see glut).
韦氏大学
glut·ton
\ˈglə-tən\ noun
Etymology: Middle English glotoun, from Anglo-French glutun, glotun, from Latin glutton-, glutto; akin to Latin gluttire to swallow, gula throat, Old English ceole
Date: 13th century
1.
a. : one given habitually to greedy and voracious eating and drinking
b. : one that has a great capacity for accepting or enduring something
2. : wolverine 1a
美国传统词典英汉
glut.ton
AHD:[glŭtʹn]
D.J.[ˈglʌtn]
K.K.[ˈglʌtņ]
n.（名词）
A person who eats or consumes immoderate amounts of food and drink.
贪食者：吃过量的食品和饮料的人
A person with an inordinate capacity to receive or withstand something:
对…有承受力的人：具有过度接受或容忍某事的能力的人：
a glutton for punishment.
极能忍耐惩罚者
See wolverine
参见 wolverine
```
```
语源
Middle English glotoun
中古英语 glotoun
from Old French gloton
源自 古法语 gloton
from Latin gluttō gluttōn-
源自 拉丁语 gluttō gluttōn-
```
183
```
gullet
gullet (n.)
c.1300 (as a surname), from O.Fr. golet "neck (of a bottle); gutter; bay, creek," dim. of gole "throat, neck" (Mod.Fr. guele), from L. gula "throat," also "appetite," from PIE root *gwele- "swallow" (cf. L. gluttire "to gulp down, devour," O.E. ceole "throat," O.C.S. glutu "gullet," O.Ir. gelim "I devour").
韦氏大学
gul·let
\ˈgə-lət\ noun
Etymology: Middle English golet, from Anglo-French, diminutive of gule throat, from Latin gula — more at glutton
Date: 14th century
1. : esophagus; broadly : throat
2. : an invagination of the protoplasm in various protozoans (as a paramecium) that sometimes functions in the intake of food
3. : the space between the tips of adjacent saw teeth
美国传统词典英汉
gul.let
AHD:[gŭlʹĭt]
D.J.[ˈgʌlɪt]
K.K.[ˈgʌlɪt]
n.（名词）
The esophagus.
食管
The throat.
咽喉
Zoology An invagination into the cytoplasm of certain ciliates, used for food intake.
【动物学】 胞咽：某些纤毛纲动物细胞质的凹入部分，用来摄取食物
```
```
语源
Middle English golet
中古英语 golet
from Old French goulet
源自 古法语 goulet
from goule [throat]
源自 goule [咽喉]
from Latin gula
源自 拉丁语 gula
```
```
gullet
gullet (n.)
c.1300 (as a surname), from O.Fr. golet "neck (of a bottle); gutter; bay, creek," dim. of gole "throat, neck" (Mod.Fr. guele), from L. gula "throat," also "appetite," from PIE root *gwele- "swallow" (cf. L. gluttire "to gulp down, devour," O.E. ceole "throat," O.C.S. glutu "gullet," O.Ir. gelim "I devour").
韦氏大学
gul·let
\ˈgə-lət\ noun
Etymology: Middle English golet, from Anglo-French, diminutive of gule throat, from Latin gula — more at glutton
Date: 14th century
1. : esophagus; broadly : throat
2. : an invagination of the protoplasm in various protozoans (as a paramecium) that sometimes functions in the intake of food
3. : the space between the tips of adjacent saw teeth
美国传统词典英汉
gul.let
AHD:[gŭlʹĭt]
D.J.[ˈgʌlɪt]
K.K.[ˈgʌlɪt]
n.（名词）
The esophagus.
食管
The throat.
咽喉
Zoology An invagination into the cytoplasm of certain ciliates, used for food intake.
【动物学】 胞咽：某些纤毛纲动物细胞质的凹入部分，用来摄取食物
```
```
语源
Middle English golet
中古英语 golet
from Old French goulet
源自 古法语 goulet
from goule [throat]
源自 goule [咽喉]
from Latin gula
源自 拉丁语 gula
```
184
1570s, probably related to O.Fr. gosillier "to go down the gullet; to vomit, chatter, talk," from gosier (13c.) "jaws, throat, gullet." Or imitative of the sound of drinking greedily. Related: Guzzled; guzzling. As a noun from 1590s.
韦氏大学
guz·zle
\ˈgə-zəl\ verb
(guz·zled ; guz·zling \ˈgəz-liŋ, ˈgə-zə-\)
Etymology: origin unknown
Date: 1567
intransitive verb
: to drink especially liquor greedily, continually, or habitually
transitive verb
1. : to drink greedily or habitually
2. : consume, use up
```
• guz·zler \ˈgəz-lər, ˈgə-zə-\ noun
美国传统词典英汉
guz.zle
AHD:[gŭzʹəl]
D.J.[ˈgʌzəl]
K.K.[ˈgʌzəl]
v.（动词）
guz.zled, guz.zling, guz.zles
v.tr.（及物动词）
To drink greedily or habitually:
狂饮或习惯性地饮用：
guzzle beer.
滥饮啤酒
To consume to excess:
大量消耗：
a car that guzzles gas.
一辆耗油的汽车
v.intr.（不及物动词）
To drink, especially alcoholic beverages, greedily or habitually.
大量或习惯性地饮用酒精饮料
```
语源
[Origin unknown]
[来源不明]
继承用法
guzʹzler n.（名词）
1570s, probably related to O.Fr. gosillier "to go down the gullet; to vomit, chatter, talk," from gosier (13c.) "jaws, throat, gullet." Or imitative of the sound of drinking greedily. Related: Guzzled; guzzling. As a noun from 1590s.
韦氏大学
guz·zle
\ˈgə-zəl\ verb
(guz·zled ; guz·zling \ˈgəz-liŋ, ˈgə-zə-\)
Etymology: origin unknown
Date: 1567
intransitive verb
: to drink especially liquor greedily, continually, or habitually
transitive verb
1. : to drink greedily or habitually
2. : consume, use up
```
• guz·zler \ˈgəz-lər, ˈgə-zə-\ noun
美国传统词典英汉
guz.zle
AHD:[gŭzʹəl]
D.J.[ˈgʌzəl]
K.K.[ˈgʌzəl]
v.（动词）
guz.zled, guz.zling, guz.zles
v.tr.（及物动词）
To drink greedily or habitually:
狂饮或习惯性地饮用：
guzzle beer.
滥饮啤酒
To consume to excess:
大量消耗：
a car that guzzles gas.
一辆耗油的汽车
v.intr.（不及物动词）
To drink, especially alcoholic beverages, greedily or habitually.
大量或习惯性地饮用酒精饮料
```
语源
[Origin unknown]
[来源不明]
继承用法
guzʹzler n.（名词）
185
```
guttural
guttural (adj.)
"pertaining to the throat," 1590s, from M.Fr. guttural, from L. guttur "throat, gullet" (see bowel). The noun, in linguistics, is from 1690s.
韦氏大学
gut·tur·al
\ˈgə-tə-rəl, ˈgə-trəl\ adjective
Etymology: Middle French, probably from Medieval Latin gutturalis, from Latin guttur throat
Date: 1594
1. : articulated in the throat
```
2. : velar
3. : being or marked by utterance that is strange, unpleasant, or disagreeable
• guttural noun
• gut·tur·al·ism \ˈgə-tə-rə-ˌli-zəm, ˈgə-trə-\ noun
美国传统词典英汉
gut.tur.al
AHD:[gŭtʹər-əl]
D.J.[ˈgʌtərəl]
K.K.[ˈgʌtərəl]
adj.（形容词）
Of or relating to the throat.
喉咙的或有关喉咙的
Having a harsh, grating quality, as certain sounds produced in the back of the mouth.
粗嘎的：尖利的，刺耳的，象某种从嘴后部发出的声音
Linguistics Velar.
【语言学】 软腭音
```
语源
French
法语
from New Latin gutturālis
源自 现代拉丁语 gutturālis
from Latin guttur [throat]
源自 拉丁语 guttur [咽喉]
```
继承用法
gutʹturalism 或 gut'turalʹity AHD:[-ə-rălʹĭ-tē] 或 gutʹtur.al.ness （名词）
gutʹturally adv.（副词）
```
guttural
guttural (adj.)
"pertaining to the throat," 1590s, from M.Fr. guttural, from L. guttur "throat, gullet" (see bowel). The noun, in linguistics, is from 1690s.
韦氏大学
gut·tur·al
\ˈgə-tə-rəl, ˈgə-trəl\ adjective
Etymology: Middle French, probably from Medieval Latin gutturalis, from Latin guttur throat
Date: 1594
1. : articulated in the throat
```
2. : velar
3. : being or marked by utterance that is strange, unpleasant, or disagreeable
• guttural noun
• gut·tur·al·ism \ˈgə-tə-rə-ˌli-zəm, ˈgə-trə-\ noun
美国传统词典英汉
gut.tur.al
AHD:[gŭtʹər-əl]
D.J.[ˈgʌtərəl]
K.K.[ˈgʌtərəl]
adj.（形容词）
Of or relating to the throat.
喉咙的或有关喉咙的
Having a harsh, grating quality, as certain sounds produced in the back of the mouth.
粗嘎的：尖利的，刺耳的，象某种从嘴后部发出的声音
Linguistics Velar.
【语言学】 软腭音
```
语源
French
法语
from New Latin gutturālis
源自 现代拉丁语 gutturālis
from Latin guttur [throat]
源自 拉丁语 guttur [咽喉]
```
继承用法
gutʹturalism 或 gut'turalʹity AHD:[-ə-rălʹĭ-tē] 或 gutʹtur.al.ness （名词）
gutʹturally adv.（副词）
186
```
gormandize (v.)
1540s, from gourmand + -ize.
韦氏大学
gor·man·dize
\ˈgȯr-mən-ˌdīz\ verb
(-dized ; -diz·ing)
Etymology: gormand, alteration of gourmand
Date: 1548
intransitive verb
: to eat gluttonously or ravenously
transitive verb
: to eat greedily : devour
• gor·man·diz·er noun
美国传统词典英汉
gor.mand.ize
AHD:[gôrʹmən-dīz']
D.J.[ˈgɔːmənˌdaɪz]
K.K.[ˈgɔrmənˌdaɪz]
v.（动词）
gor.mand.ized, gor.mand.iz.ing, gor.mand.iz.es
v.intr.（不及物动词）
To eat gluttonously; gorge.
贪吃；暴食
v.tr.（及物动词）
To devour (food) gluttonously.
狼吞虎咽地吃
```
语源
From gourmandise [gluttony (obsolete)]
源自 gourmandise[贪食（过时的）]
继承用法
gorʹmandiz'er n.（名词）
```
gormandize (v.)
1540s, from gourmand + -ize.
韦氏大学
gor·man·dize
\ˈgȯr-mən-ˌdīz\ verb
(-dized ; -diz·ing)
Etymology: gormand, alteration of gourmand
Date: 1548
intransitive verb
: to eat gluttonously or ravenously
transitive verb
: to eat greedily : devour
• gor·man·diz·er noun
美国传统词典英汉
gor.mand.ize
AHD:[gôrʹmən-dīz']
D.J.[ˈgɔːmənˌdaɪz]
K.K.[ˈgɔrmənˌdaɪz]
v.（动词）
gor.mand.ized, gor.mand.iz.ing, gor.mand.iz.es
v.intr.（不及物动词）
To eat gluttonously; gorge.
贪吃；暴食
v.tr.（及物动词）
To devour (food) gluttonously.
狼吞虎咽地吃
```
语源
From gourmandise [gluttony (obsolete)]
源自 gourmandise[贪食（过时的）]
继承用法
gorʹmandiz'er n.（名词）
187
```
bronchus (n.)
1706 (pl. bronchi), from Gk. bronkhos "the wind pipe."
韦氏大学
bron·chus
\ˈbräŋ-kəs\ noun
(plural bron·chi \ˈbräŋ-ˌkī, -ˌkē\)
Etymology: New Latin, from Greek bronchos
Date: circa 1706
: either of the two primary divisions of the trachea that lead respectively into the right and the left lung; broadly : bronchial tube
美国传统词典英汉
bron.chus
AHD:[brŏngʹkəs]
D.J.[ˈbrɒŋkəs]
K.K.[ˈbrɑŋkəs]
n.（名词）
【复数】 bron.chi[-kī', -kē']
Either of two main branches of the trachea, leading directly to the lungs.
支气管：气管的两个主要分支的任一支，直接通向肺
```
```
语源
New Latin
现代拉丁语
from Greek bronkhos [windpipe]
源自 希腊语 bronkhos [气管]
```
```
bronchus (n.)
1706 (pl. bronchi), from Gk. bronkhos "the wind pipe."
韦氏大学
bron·chus
\ˈbräŋ-kəs\ noun
(plural bron·chi \ˈbräŋ-ˌkī, -ˌkē\)
Etymology: New Latin, from Greek bronchos
Date: circa 1706
: either of the two primary divisions of the trachea that lead respectively into the right and the left lung; broadly : bronchial tube
美国传统词典英汉
bron.chus
AHD:[brŏngʹkəs]
D.J.[ˈbrɒŋkəs]
K.K.[ˈbrɑŋkəs]
n.（名词）
【复数】 bron.chi[-kī', -kē']
Either of two main branches of the trachea, leading directly to the lungs.
支气管：气管的两个主要分支的任一支，直接通向肺
```
```
语源
New Latin
现代拉丁语
from Greek bronkhos [windpipe]
源自 希腊语 bronkhos [气管]
```
188
```
gurgitation
gurgitation (n.)
late 14c., from L.L. gurgulationem (nom. gurgulatio), noun of action from pp. stem of gurgitare "to engulf," from gurges (see gurges).
美国传统词典英汉
gur.gi.ta.tion
AHD:[gûr'jĭ-tāʹshən]
D.J.[ˌgɜːdʒɪˈteɪʃən]
K.K.[ˌgɝdʒɪˈteʃən]
n.（名词）
A whirling or surging motion, as of water.
打旋：象水那样的旋转或喷涌
```
语源
Late Latin gurgitāre [to engulf] from Latin gurges gurgit- [whirlpool]
后期拉丁语 gurgitāre [吞没] 源自 拉丁语 gurges gurgit- [漩涡]
-ation
-ation
```
gurgitation
gurgitation (n.)
late 14c., from L.L. gurgulationem (nom. gurgulatio), noun of action from pp. stem of gurgitare "to engulf," from gurges (see gurges).
美国传统词典英汉
gur.gi.ta.tion
AHD:[gûr'jĭ-tāʹshən]
D.J.[ˌgɜːdʒɪˈteɪʃən]
K.K.[ˌgɝdʒɪˈteʃən]
n.（名词）
A whirling or surging motion, as of water.
打旋：象水那样的旋转或喷涌
```
语源
Late Latin gurgitāre [to engulf] from Latin gurges gurgit- [whirlpool]
后期拉丁语 gurgitāre [吞没] 源自 拉丁语 gurges gurgit- [漩涡]
-ation
-ation
189
```
caulk (v.)
late 14c., from O.N.Fr. cauquer, from L.L. calicare "to stop up chinks with lime," from L. calx (2) "lime, limestone" (see chalk). Original sense is nautical, of making ships watertight.
韦氏大学
caulk
I. transitive verb
or calk \ˈkȯk\
Etymology: Middle English caulken, from Anglo-French cauker, calcher, chalcher to trample, from Latin calcare, from calc-, calx heel
Date: 15th century
: to stop up and make tight against leakage (as a boat or its seams, the cracks in a window frame, or the joints of a pipe)
• caulk·er noun
II. noun
or calk also caulk·ing or calk·ing \ˈkȯ-kiŋ\
Date: 1954
: material used to caulk
III.
variant of calk II
美国传统词典英汉
caulk 也作 calk
AHD:[kôk]
D.J.[kɔːk]
K.K.[kɔk]
v.（动词）
caulked 也作 calked caulk.ing calk.ing caulks calks
v.tr.（及物动词）
To make watertight or airtight by filling or sealing:
填塞：通过填塞或堵缝而使不透水或不漏气：
caulk a pipe joint; caulked the cracks between the boards with mud.
堵住水管接头的缝隙；填塞木板和泥之间的缝
Nautical To make (a boat) watertight by packing seams with a waterproof material, such as oakum or pitch.
【航海】 堵缝：使用防水材料，如麻絮或沥青堵漏缝以使（船）不漏水
v.intr.（不及物动词）
To apply caulking:
填嵌：
caulked all around the window frame.
在窗框周围填塞
n.（名词）
Caulking.
堵（缝）
```
```
语源
Middle English cauken [to press]
中古英语 cauken [挤压]
from Old North French cauquer
源自 古法国北方方言 cauquer
from Latin calcāre [to tread]
源自 拉丁语 calcāre [踏]
from calx [heel]
源自 calx [鞋跟]
```
继承用法
caulkʹer n.（名词）
```
caulk (v.)
late 14c., from O.N.Fr. cauquer, from L.L. calicare "to stop up chinks with lime," from L. calx (2) "lime, limestone" (see chalk). Original sense is nautical, of making ships watertight.
韦氏大学
caulk
I. transitive verb
or calk \ˈkȯk\
Etymology: Middle English caulken, from Anglo-French cauker, calcher, chalcher to trample, from Latin calcare, from calc-, calx heel
Date: 15th century
: to stop up and make tight against leakage (as a boat or its seams, the cracks in a window frame, or the joints of a pipe)
• caulk·er noun
II. noun
or calk also caulk·ing or calk·ing \ˈkȯ-kiŋ\
Date: 1954
: material used to caulk
III.
variant of calk II
美国传统词典英汉
caulk 也作 calk
AHD:[kôk]
D.J.[kɔːk]
K.K.[kɔk]
v.（动词）
caulked 也作 calked caulk.ing calk.ing caulks calks
v.tr.（及物动词）
To make watertight or airtight by filling or sealing:
填塞：通过填塞或堵缝而使不透水或不漏气：
caulk a pipe joint; caulked the cracks between the boards with mud.
堵住水管接头的缝隙；填塞木板和泥之间的缝
Nautical To make (a boat) watertight by packing seams with a waterproof material, such as oakum or pitch.
【航海】 堵缝：使用防水材料，如麻絮或沥青堵漏缝以使（船）不漏水
v.intr.（不及物动词）
To apply caulking:
填嵌：
caulked all around the window frame.
在窗框周围填塞
n.（名词）
Caulking.
堵（缝）
```
```
语源
Middle English cauken [to press]
中古英语 cauken [挤压]
from Old North French cauquer
源自 古法国北方方言 cauquer
from Latin calcāre [to tread]
源自 拉丁语 calcāre [踏]
from calx [heel]
源自 calx [鞋跟]
```
继承用法
caulkʹer n.（名词）
190
podiatry
podiatry (n.)
1914, formed from Gk. pod-, stem of pous "foot" (see foot) + iatreia "healing," from iatros "physician" (see -iatric). An attempt to supplant chiropody (see chiropodist) and distance the practice from the popular impression of unskilled corn-cutters. The National Association of Chiropodists changed its name to American Podiatry Association in 1958. Related: Podiatric; podiatrist.
韦氏大学
po·di·a·try
\pə-ˈdī-ə-trē, pō-\ noun
Etymology: Greek pod-, pous + English -iatry
Date: 1914
: the medical care and treatment of the human foot — called also chiropody
• po·di·at·ric \ˌpō-dē-ˈa-trik\ adjective
• po·di·a·trist \pə-ˈdī-ə-trist, pō-\ noun
美国传统词典英汉
po.di.a.try
AHD:[pə-dīʹə-trē]
D.J.[pəˈdaɪətriː]
K.K.[pəˈdaɪətri]
n.（名词）
The branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases of the human foot.Also called chiropody
足病学：研究人类足部疾病的诊断、治疗和预防的医学的分支也作 chiropody
```
语源
Greek pous pod- [foot] * see ped-
希腊语 pous pod- [足；脚] *参见 ped-
-iatry
-iatry
```
继承用法
po'diatʹric AHD:[pō'dē-ătʹrĭk] （形容词）
podiʹatrist n.（名词）
podiatry
podiatry (n.)
1914, formed from Gk. pod-, stem of pous "foot" (see foot) + iatreia "healing," from iatros "physician" (see -iatric). An attempt to supplant chiropody (see chiropodist) and distance the practice from the popular impression of unskilled corn-cutters. The National Association of Chiropodists changed its name to American Podiatry Association in 1958. Related: Podiatric; podiatrist.
韦氏大学
po·di·a·try
\pə-ˈdī-ə-trē, pō-\ noun
Etymology: Greek pod-, pous + English -iatry
Date: 1914
: the medical care and treatment of the human foot — called also chiropody
• po·di·at·ric \ˌpō-dē-ˈa-trik\ adjective
• po·di·a·trist \pə-ˈdī-ə-trist, pō-\ noun
美国传统词典英汉
po.di.a.try
AHD:[pə-dīʹə-trē]
D.J.[pəˈdaɪətriː]
K.K.[pəˈdaɪətri]
n.（名词）
The branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases of the human foot.Also called chiropody
足病学：研究人类足部疾病的诊断、治疗和预防的医学的分支也作 chiropody
```
语源
Greek pous pod- [foot] * see ped-
希腊语 pous pod- [足；脚] *参见 ped-
-iatry
-iatry
```
继承用法
po'diatʹric AHD:[pō'dē-ătʹrĭk] （形容词）
podiʹatrist n.（名词）
191
1743, "raised platform around an ancient arena," also "projecting base of a pedestal," from L. podium "raised platform," from Gk. podion "foot of a vase," dim. of pous (gen. podos) "foot" (see foot (n.)). Meaning "raised platform at the front of a hall or stage" is from 1947.
韦氏大学
po·di·um
\ˈpō-dē-əm\ noun
(plural podiums or po·dia \-dē-ə\)
Etymology: Latin — more at pew
Date: 1743
1. : a low wall serving as a foundation or terrace wall: as
a. : one around the arena of an ancient amphitheater serving as a base for the tiers of seats
b. : the masonry under the stylobate of a temple
2.
a. : a dais especially for an orchestral conductor
b. : lectern
韦氏大学
-podium
noun combining form
(plural -podia)
Etymology: New Latin, from Greek podion, diminutive of pod-, pous foot — more at foot
: foot : part resembling a foot
```
美国传统词典英汉
po.di.um
AHD:[pōʹdē-əm]
D.J.[ˈpəʊdiːəm]
K.K.[ˈpodiəm]
n.（名词）
【复数】 po.di.a[-dē-ə] 或 po.di.ums
An elevated platform, as for an orchestra conductor or a public speaker.
讲坛；乐队指挥台：一个架高的平台，如为了乐队指挥或演说者使用的
A stand for holding the notes of a public speaker; a lectern.
讲台：供演说者放笔记的台子；讲台
Architecture
【建筑学】
A low wall serving as a foundation.
墩座：用作根基的一圈矮墙
A wall circling the arena of an ancient amphitheater.
围在古竞技场四周的墙
Biology A structure resembling or functioning as a foot.
【生物学】 管足：类似或作用似足的结构
```
```
语源
Latin
拉丁语
from Greek podion [base]
源自 希腊语 podion [基础]
diminutive of pous pod- [foot] * see ped-
pous的小后缀 pod- [足；脚] *参见 ped-
```
1743, "raised platform around an ancient arena," also "projecting base of a pedestal," from L. podium "raised platform," from Gk. podion "foot of a vase," dim. of pous (gen. podos) "foot" (see foot (n.)). Meaning "raised platform at the front of a hall or stage" is from 1947.
韦氏大学
po·di·um
\ˈpō-dē-əm\ noun
(plural podiums or po·dia \-dē-ə\)
Etymology: Latin — more at pew
Date: 1743
1. : a low wall serving as a foundation or terrace wall: as
a. : one around the arena of an ancient amphitheater serving as a base for the tiers of seats
b. : the masonry under the stylobate of a temple
2.
a. : a dais especially for an orchestral conductor
b. : lectern
韦氏大学
-podium
noun combining form
(plural -podia)
Etymology: New Latin, from Greek podion, diminutive of pod-, pous foot — more at foot
: foot : part resembling a foot
```
美国传统词典英汉
po.di.um
AHD:[pōʹdē-əm]
D.J.[ˈpəʊdiːəm]
K.K.[ˈpodiəm]
n.（名词）
【复数】 po.di.a[-dē-ə] 或 po.di.ums
An elevated platform, as for an orchestra conductor or a public speaker.
讲坛；乐队指挥台：一个架高的平台，如为了乐队指挥或演说者使用的
A stand for holding the notes of a public speaker; a lectern.
讲台：供演说者放笔记的台子；讲台
Architecture
【建筑学】
A low wall serving as a foundation.
墩座：用作根基的一圈矮墙
A wall circling the arena of an ancient amphitheater.
围在古竞技场四周的墙
Biology A structure resembling or functioning as a foot.
【生物学】 管足：类似或作用似足的结构
```
```
语源
Latin
拉丁语
from Greek podion [base]
源自 希腊语 podion [基础]
diminutive of pous pod- [foot] * see ped-
pous的小后缀 pod- [足；脚] *参见 ped-
```
192
```
pec.ca.ble
AHD:[pĕkʹə-bəl]
D.J.[ˈpekəbəl]
K.K.[ˈpɛkəbəl]
adj.（形容词）
Liable to sin.
易犯罪的
```
```
语源
Medieval Latin peccābilis
中世纪拉丁语 peccābilis
from Latin peccāre [to sin] * see ped-
源自 拉丁语 peccāre [犯罪] *参见 ped-
```
继承用法
pec'cabilʹity n.（名词）
```
pec.ca.ble
AHD:[pĕkʹə-bəl]
D.J.[ˈpekəbəl]
K.K.[ˈpɛkəbəl]
adj.（形容词）
Liable to sin.
易犯罪的
```
```
语源
Medieval Latin peccābilis
中世纪拉丁语 peccābilis
from Latin peccāre [to sin] * see ped-
源自 拉丁语 peccāre [犯罪] *参见 ped-
```
继承用法
pec'cabilʹity n.（名词）
193
pejorative
pejorative (adj.)
"depreciative, disparaging," 1888, from Fr. péjoratif, from L.L. peiorat-, pp. stem of peiorare "make worse," from L. peior "worse," related to pessimus "worst," pessum "downward, to the ground," from PIE *ped-yos-, comparative of root *ped- "to walk, stumble, impair" (see peccadillo). As a noun from 1882. English had a verb pejorate "to worsen" from 1640s.
韦氏大学
pe·jo·ra·tive
I. \pi-ˈjȯr-ə-tiv, -ˈjär- also ˈpe-jə-rə-tiv or ˈpē- or -ˌrā- or ˈpej-rə- or ˈpēj-\ noun
Date: 1882
: a pejorative word or phrase
II. adjective
Etymology: Late Latin pejoratus, past participle of pejorare to make or become worse, from Latin pejor worse; akin to Sanskrit padyate he falls, Latin ped-, pes foot — more at foot
Date: circa 1888
: having negative connotations; especially : tending to disparage or belittle : depreciatory
• pe·jo·ra·tive·ly adverb
美国传统词典英汉
pe.jor.a.tive
AHD:[pĭ-jôrʹə-tĭv, -jŏrʹ-, pĕjʹə-rā'tĭv, pēʹjə-]
D.J.[pɪˈdʒɔːrətɪv, -ˈdʒɒr-, ˈpedʒəˌreɪtɪv, ˈpiːdʒə-]
K.K.[pɪˈdʒɔrətɪv, -ˈdʒɑr-, ˈpɛdʒəˌretɪv, ˈpidʒə-]
adj.（形容词）
Tending to make or become worse.
趋于变坏的，恶化的
Disparaging; belittling.
轻视的；贬抑的
n.（名词）
A disparaging or belittling word or expression.
贬损：贬义或轻蔑的词或表达
继承用法
pejorʹatively adv.（副词）
pejorative
pejorative (adj.)
"depreciative, disparaging," 1888, from Fr. péjoratif, from L.L. peiorat-, pp. stem of peiorare "make worse," from L. peior "worse," related to pessimus "worst," pessum "downward, to the ground," from PIE *ped-yos-, comparative of root *ped- "to walk, stumble, impair" (see peccadillo). As a noun from 1882. English had a verb pejorate "to worsen" from 1640s.
韦氏大学
pe·jo·ra·tive
I. \pi-ˈjȯr-ə-tiv, -ˈjär- also ˈpe-jə-rə-tiv or ˈpē- or -ˌrā- or ˈpej-rə- or ˈpēj-\ noun
Date: 1882
: a pejorative word or phrase
II. adjective
Etymology: Late Latin pejoratus, past participle of pejorare to make or become worse, from Latin pejor worse; akin to Sanskrit padyate he falls, Latin ped-, pes foot — more at foot
Date: circa 1888
: having negative connotations; especially : tending to disparage or belittle : depreciatory
• pe·jo·ra·tive·ly adverb
美国传统词典英汉
pe.jor.a.tive
AHD:[pĭ-jôrʹə-tĭv, -jŏrʹ-, pĕjʹə-rā'tĭv, pēʹjə-]
D.J.[pɪˈdʒɔːrətɪv, -ˈdʒɒr-, ˈpedʒəˌreɪtɪv, ˈpiːdʒə-]
K.K.[pɪˈdʒɔrətɪv, -ˈdʒɑr-, ˈpɛdʒəˌretɪv, ˈpidʒə-]
adj.（形容词）
Tending to make or become worse.
趋于变坏的，恶化的
Disparaging; belittling.
轻视的；贬抑的
n.（名词）
A disparaging or belittling word or expression.
贬损：贬义或轻蔑的词或表达
继承用法
pejorʹatively adv.（副词）
194
expedient (adj.)
late 14c., "advantageous, fit, proper," from O.Fr. expedient (14c.) or directly from L. expedientem (nom. expediens) "beneficial," prp. of expedire "make fit or ready, prepare" (see expedite). The noun meaning "a device adopted in an exigency, a resource" is from 1650s. Related: Expediential (1836); expedientially (1873); expediently (late 14c.).
韦氏大学
ex·pe·di·ent
I. \ik-ˈspē-dē-ənt\ adjective
Etymology: Middle English, from Anglo-French or Latin; Anglo-French, from Latin expedient-, expendiens, present participle of expedire to extricate, prepare, be useful, from ex- + ped-, pes foot — more at foot
Date: 14th century
1. : suitable for achieving a particular end in a given circumstance
2. : characterized by concern with what is opportune; especially : governed by self-interest
• ex·pe·di·ent·ly adverb
Synonyms:
expedient, politic, advisable mean dictated by practical or prudent motives. expedient usually implies what is immediately advantageous without regard for ethics or consistent principles
politic stresses judiciousness and tactical value but usually implies some lack of candor or sincerity
advisable applies to what is practical, prudent, or advantageous but lacks the derogatory implication of expedient and politic
s interest:
出于私利的：用来为自己利益服务的：
was merciful only when mercy was expedient.
只有仁慈对自己有利时才是仁慈的
Based on or marked by a concern for self-interest rather than principle; self-interested.
基于私利的：依自身利害而定的，基于私利而非原则考虑的；自私自利
Obsolete Speedy; expeditious.
【废语】 快速的；仓促的
n.（名词）
Something that is a means to an end.
对策：达到目的的方法
Something contrived or used to meet an urgent need.See Synonyms at makeshift
权宜之计，应急手段：为应急而设计或使用的事物参见 makeshift
语源
Middle English
中古英语
from Latin expediēns expedient- [present participle of] expedīre [to make ready] * see expedite
源自 拉丁语 expediēns expedient- [] expedīre的现在分词 [做好准备] *参见 expedite
继承用法
expeʹdiently adv.（副词）
expedient (adj.)
late 14c., "advantageous, fit, proper," from O.Fr. expedient (14c.) or directly from L. expedientem (nom. expediens) "beneficial," prp. of expedire "make fit or ready, prepare" (see expedite). The noun meaning "a device adopted in an exigency, a resource" is from 1650s. Related: Expediential (1836); expedientially (1873); expediently (late 14c.).
韦氏大学
ex·pe·di·ent
I. \ik-ˈspē-dē-ənt\ adjective
Etymology: Middle English, from Anglo-French or Latin; Anglo-French, from Latin expedient-, expendiens, present participle of expedire to extricate, prepare, be useful, from ex- + ped-, pes foot — more at foot
Date: 14th century
1. : suitable for achieving a particular end in a given circumstance
2. : characterized by concern with what is opportune; especially : governed by self-interest
• ex·pe·di·ent·ly adverb
Synonyms:
expedient, politic, advisable mean dictated by practical or prudent motives. expedient usually implies what is immediately advantageous without regard for ethics or consistent principles
politic stresses judiciousness and tactical value but usually implies some lack of candor or sincerity
advisable applies to what is practical, prudent, or advantageous but lacks the derogatory implication of expedient and politic
s interest:
出于私利的：用来为自己利益服务的：
was merciful only when mercy was expedient.
只有仁慈对自己有利时才是仁慈的
Based on or marked by a concern for self-interest rather than principle; self-interested.
基于私利的：依自身利害而定的，基于私利而非原则考虑的；自私自利
Obsolete Speedy; expeditious.
【废语】 快速的；仓促的
n.（名词）
Something that is a means to an end.
对策：达到目的的方法
Something contrived or used to meet an urgent need.See Synonyms at makeshift
权宜之计，应急手段：为应急而设计或使用的事物参见 makeshift
语源
Middle English
中古英语
from Latin expediēns expedient- [present participle of] expedīre [to make ready] * see expedite
源自 拉丁语 expediēns expedient- [] expedīre的现在分词 [做好准备] *参见 expedite
继承用法
expeʹdiently adv.（副词）
195
impediment (n.)
c.1400, from L. impedimentem "hindrance," from impedire "impede," lit. "to shackle the feet," from assimilated form of in- "into, in" (see in- (2)) + pes (gen. pedis) "foot" (see foot (n.)).
韦氏大学
im·ped·i·ment
\im-ˈpe-də-mənt\ noun
Date: 14th century
1. : something that impedes; especially : an organic obstruction to speech
2. : a bar or hindrance (as lack of sufficient age) to a lawful marriage
美国传统词典英汉
im.ped.i.ment
AHD:[ĭm-pĕdʹə-mənt]
D.J.[ɪmˈpedəmənt]
K.K.[ɪmˈpɛdəmənt]
n.（名词）
Something that impedes; a hindrance or an obstruction.See Synonyms at obstacle
妨碍物；阻碍或障碍参见 obstacle
An organic defect preventing clear articulation:
结巴：妨碍清楚表达的器官缺陷：
a speech impediment.
语言障碍
Law Something that obstructs the making of a legal contract.
【法律】 缔结合法合同的障碍
```
语源
Middle English
中古英语
from Old French
源自 古法语
from Latin impedīmentum
源自 拉丁语 impedīmentum
from impedīre [to impede] * see impede
源自 impedīre [阻止] *参见 impede
```
继承用法
imped'imenʹtal AHD:[-mĕnʹtl] 或 im.ped'i.menʹta.ry [-mĕnʹtə-rē] （形容词）
impediment (n.)
c.1400, from L. impedimentem "hindrance," from impedire "impede," lit. "to shackle the feet," from assimilated form of in- "into, in" (see in- (2)) + pes (gen. pedis) "foot" (see foot (n.)).
韦氏大学
im·ped·i·ment
\im-ˈpe-də-mənt\ noun
Date: 14th century
1. : something that impedes; especially : an organic obstruction to speech
2. : a bar or hindrance (as lack of sufficient age) to a lawful marriage
美国传统词典英汉
im.ped.i.ment
AHD:[ĭm-pĕdʹə-mənt]
D.J.[ɪmˈpedəmənt]
K.K.[ɪmˈpɛdəmənt]
n.（名词）
Something that impedes; a hindrance or an obstruction.See Synonyms at obstacle
妨碍物；阻碍或障碍参见 obstacle
An organic defect preventing clear articulation:
结巴：妨碍清楚表达的器官缺陷：
a speech impediment.
语言障碍
Law Something that obstructs the making of a legal contract.
【法律】 缔结合法合同的障碍
```
语源
Middle English
中古英语
from Old French
源自 古法语
from Latin impedīmentum
源自 拉丁语 impedīmentum
from impedīre [to impede] * see impede
源自 impedīre [阻止] *参见 impede
```
继承用法
imped'imenʹtal AHD:[-mĕnʹtl] 或 im.ped'i.menʹta.ry [-mĕnʹtə-rē] （形容词）
196
Etymonline
geniculate
geniculate (adj.)
"having knots or joints," 1660s, from L. geniculatus, from geniculum "little knee, knot on the stalk of a plant," dim. of genu "knee" (see knee).
韦氏大学
ge·nic·u·late
\jə-ˈni-kyə-lət\ adjective
or ge·nic·u·lat·ed \-ˌlā-təd\
Etymology: Latin geniculatus, from geniculum, diminutive of genu knee — more at knee
Date: 1657
: bent abruptly at an angle like a bent knee
美国传统词典英汉
ge.nic.u.late
AHD:[jə-nĭkʹyə-lĭt] 也作 ge.nic.u.lat.ed [-lā'tĭd]
D.J.[dʒəˈnɪkjəlɪt] 也作 ge.nic.u.lat.ed [-ˌleɪtɪd]
K.K.[dʒəˈnɪkjəlɪt] 也作 ge.nic.u.lat.ed [-ˌletɪd]
adj.（形容词）
Bent abruptly, as a knee.
膝状弯曲的
Having kneelike joints; able to bend at an abrupt angle.
膝状的：有膝状关节的；能以较陡的斜度弯曲的
语源
Latin geniculātus [with bended knee]
拉丁语 geniculātus [用弯曲的膝盖]
from geniculum [diminutive of] genū [knee] * see genu- 1
源自 geniculum [] genū的小后缀 [膝盖] *参见 genu- 1
继承用法
genicʹulately adv.（副词）
genic'ulaʹtion n.（名词）
Etymonline
geniculate
geniculate (adj.)
"having knots or joints," 1660s, from L. geniculatus, from geniculum "little knee, knot on the stalk of a plant," dim. of genu "knee" (see knee).
韦氏大学
ge·nic·u·late
\jə-ˈni-kyə-lət\ adjective
or ge·nic·u·lat·ed \-ˌlā-təd\
Etymology: Latin geniculatus, from geniculum, diminutive of genu knee — more at knee
Date: 1657
: bent abruptly at an angle like a bent knee
美国传统词典英汉
ge.nic.u.late
AHD:[jə-nĭkʹyə-lĭt] 也作 ge.nic.u.lat.ed [-lā'tĭd]
D.J.[dʒəˈnɪkjəlɪt] 也作 ge.nic.u.lat.ed [-ˌleɪtɪd]
K.K.[dʒəˈnɪkjəlɪt] 也作 ge.nic.u.lat.ed [-ˌletɪd]
adj.（形容词）
Bent abruptly, as a knee.
膝状弯曲的
Having kneelike joints; able to bend at an abrupt angle.
膝状的：有膝状关节的；能以较陡的斜度弯曲的
语源
Latin geniculātus [with bended knee]
拉丁语 geniculātus [用弯曲的膝盖]
from geniculum [diminutive of] genū [knee] * see genu- 1
源自 geniculum [] genū的小后缀 [膝盖] *参见 genu- 1
继承用法
genicʹulately adv.（副词）
genic'ulaʹtion n.（名词）
197
```
chirurgeon
chirurgeon (n.)
failed Renaissance attempt to restore Greek spelling to the word that had got into English as surgeon; now, thank the gods, archaic.
韦氏大学
chi·rur·geon
\kī-ˈrər-jən\ noun
Etymology: Middle English cirurgian, from Anglo-French cirurgien, from cirurgie surgery
Date: 13th century
archaic : surgeon
美国传统词典英汉
chi.rur.geon
AHD:[kī-rûrʹjən]
D.J.[kaɪˈrɜːdʒən]
K.K.[kaɪˈrɝdʒən]
n.Archaic （名词）【古语】
A surgeon.
外科医生
```
```
语源
Middle English cirurgien
中古英语 cirurgien
from Old French
源自 古法语
from Latin chīrurgia [surgery] * see surgery
源自 拉丁语 chīrurgia [外科] *参见 surgery
```
```
chirurgeon
chirurgeon (n.)
failed Renaissance attempt to restore Greek spelling to the word that had got into English as surgeon; now, thank the gods, archaic.
韦氏大学
chi·rur·geon
\kī-ˈrər-jən\ noun
Etymology: Middle English cirurgian, from Anglo-French cirurgien, from cirurgie surgery
Date: 13th century
archaic : surgeon
美国传统词典英汉
chi.rur.geon
AHD:[kī-rûrʹjən]
D.J.[kaɪˈrɜːdʒən]
K.K.[kaɪˈrɝdʒən]
n.Archaic （名词）【古语】
A surgeon.
外科医生
```
```
语源
Middle English cirurgien
中古英语 cirurgien
from Old French
源自 古法语
from Latin chīrurgia [surgery] * see surgery
源自 拉丁语 chīrurgia [外科] *参见 surgery
```
198
Etymonline
emancipate
emancipate (v.)
1620s, from L. emancipatus, pp. of emancipare "declare (someone) free, give up one's authority over," in Roman law, the freeing of a son or wife from the legal authority (patria potestas) of the pater familias, to make his or her own way in the world; from ex- "out, away" (see ex-) + mancipare "deliver, transfer or sell," from mancipum "ownership," from manus "hand" (see manual) + capere "take" (see capable). Adopted in the cause of religious toleration (17c.), then anti-slavery (1776). Also used in reference to women who free themselves from conventional customs (1850).
韦氏大学
eman·ci·pate
\i-ˈman(t)-sə-ˌpāt\ transitive verb
(-pat·ed ; -pat·ing)
Etymology: Latin emancipatus, past participle of emancipare, from e- + mancipare to transfer ownership of, from mancip-, manceps contractor, from manus hand + capere to take — more at manual, heave
Date: 1613
1. : to free from restraint, control, or the power of another; especially : to free from bondage
2. : to release from paternal care and responsibility and make sui juris
3. : to free from any controlling influence (as traditional mores or beliefs)
Synonyms: see free
• eman·ci·pa·tor \-ˌpā-tər\ noun
• eman·ci·pa·tory \-pə-ˌtȯr-ē\ adjective
美国传统词典英汉
e.man.ci.pate
AHD:[ĭ-mănʹsə-pāt']
D.J.[ɪˈmænsəˌpeɪt]
K.K.[ɪˈmænsəˌpet]
v.tr.（及物动词）
e.man.ci.pat.ed, e.man.ci.pat.ing, e.man.ci.pates
To free from bondage, oppression, or restraint; liberate.
解放：从奴役、压迫或束缚中解放出来；使…自由
Law To release (a child) from the control of parents or a guardian.
【法律】 使（孩子）不再受父母管束：使孩子从父母或保护人的监护中解脱出来
语源
Latin ēmancipāre ēmancipāt-
拉丁语 ēmancipāre ēmancipāt-
ē-, ex- [ex-]
ē-, ex- [前缀，表“从前的，前任的”]
mancipium [ownership] from manceps [purchaser] * see man- 2
mancipium [拥有权] 源自 manceps [购买人] *参见 man- 2
继承用法
emanʹcipa'tive 或 emanʹcipato'ry AHD:[-pə-tôr'ē, -tōr'ē] （形容词）
emanʹcipa'tor n.（名词）
Etymonline
emancipate
emancipate (v.)
1620s, from L. emancipatus, pp. of emancipare "declare (someone) free, give up one's authority over," in Roman law, the freeing of a son or wife from the legal authority (patria potestas) of the pater familias, to make his or her own way in the world; from ex- "out, away" (see ex-) + mancipare "deliver, transfer or sell," from mancipum "ownership," from manus "hand" (see manual) + capere "take" (see capable). Adopted in the cause of religious toleration (17c.), then anti-slavery (1776). Also used in reference to women who free themselves from conventional customs (1850).
韦氏大学
eman·ci·pate
\i-ˈman(t)-sə-ˌpāt\ transitive verb
(-pat·ed ; -pat·ing)
Etymology: Latin emancipatus, past participle of emancipare, from e- + mancipare to transfer ownership of, from mancip-, manceps contractor, from manus hand + capere to take — more at manual, heave
Date: 1613
1. : to free from restraint, control, or the power of another; especially : to free from bondage
2. : to release from paternal care and responsibility and make sui juris
3. : to free from any controlling influence (as traditional mores or beliefs)
Synonyms: see free
• eman·ci·pa·tor \-ˌpā-tər\ noun
• eman·ci·pa·tory \-pə-ˌtȯr-ē\ adjective
美国传统词典英汉
e.man.ci.pate
AHD:[ĭ-mănʹsə-pāt']
D.J.[ɪˈmænsəˌpeɪt]
K.K.[ɪˈmænsəˌpet]
v.tr.（及物动词）
e.man.ci.pat.ed, e.man.ci.pat.ing, e.man.ci.pates
To free from bondage, oppression, or restraint; liberate.
解放：从奴役、压迫或束缚中解放出来；使…自由
Law To release (a child) from the control of parents or a guardian.
【法律】 使（孩子）不再受父母管束：使孩子从父母或保护人的监护中解脱出来
语源
Latin ēmancipāre ēmancipāt-
拉丁语 ēmancipāre ēmancipāt-
ē-, ex- [ex-]
ē-, ex- [前缀，表“从前的，前任的”]
mancipium [ownership] from manceps [purchaser] * see man- 2
mancipium [拥有权] 源自 manceps [购买人] *参见 man- 2
继承用法
emanʹcipa'tive 或 emanʹcipato'ry AHD:[-pə-tôr'ē, -tōr'ē] （形容词）
emanʹcipa'tor n.（名词）
199
maneuver (v.)
1777, from maneuver (n.), or else from Fr. manœurvrer "work, work with one's hands; carry out, prepare" (12c.), from M.L. manuoperare. Originally in a military sense. Figurative use from 1801. Related: Maneuvered; maneuvering.
Etymonline
maneuver
maneuver (n.)
"planned movement of troops or warship," 1758, from Fr. manoeuvre "manipulation, maneuver," from O.Fr. manovre "manual labor" (13c.), from M.L. manuopera (cf. Sp. maniobra, It. manovra), from manuoperare "work with the hands," from L. manu operari, from manu, ablative of manus "hand" (see manual (adj.)) + operari "to work, operate" (see operation). The same word had been borrowed from French into Middle English in a sense "hand-labor" (late 15c.). General meaning "artful plan, adroit movement" is from 1774. Related: Maneuvers.
韦氏大学
ma·neu·ver
I. \mə-ˈnü-vər, -ˈnyü-\ noun
Etymology: French manœuvre, from Old French maneuvre work done by hand, from Medieval Latin manuopera, from manu operare to perform manual labor — more at manure
Date: 1758
1.
a. : a military or naval movement
b. : an armed forces training exercise; especially : an extended and large-scale training exercise involving military and naval units separately or in combination — often used in plural
2. : a procedure or method of working usually involving expert physical movement
3.
a. : evasive movement or shift of tactics
b. : an intended and controlled variation from a straight and level flight path in the operation of an airplane
4.
a. : an action taken to gain a tactical end
b. : an adroit and clever management of affairs often using trickery and deception
Synonyms: see trick
II. verb
(ma·neu·vered ; ma·neu·ver·ing \-ˈnü-və-riŋ, -ˈnyü-; -ˈn(y)üv-riŋ\)
Date: 1777
intransitive verb
1.
a. : to perform a movement in military or naval tactics in order to secure an advantage
b. : to make a series of changes in direction and position for a specific purpose
2. : to use stratagems : scheme
transitive verb
1. : to cause to execute tactical movements
2. : to manage into or out of a position or condition : manipulate
3.
a. : to guide with adroitness and design
b. : to bring about or secure as a result of skillful management
• ma·neu·ver·abil·i·ty \-ˌnü-və-rə-ˈbi-lə-tē, -ˌnyü-; -ˌn(y)üv-rə-\ noun
• ma·neu·ver·able \-ˈnü-və-rə-bəl, -ˈnyü-; -ˈn(y)üv-rə-\ adjective
• ma·neu·ver·er \-ˈnü-vər-ər, -ˈnyü-\ noun
美国传统词典英汉
ma.neu.ver
AHD:[mə-n›ʹvər, -ny›ʹ-]
D.J.[məˈnuːvə, -ˈnjuː-]
K.K.[məˈnuvɚ, -ˈnju-]
n.（名词）
A strategic or tactical military or naval movement.
调遣，换防：陆上部队或海上部队所作的战略或战术移动
Often maneuvers A large-scale tactical exercise carried out under simulated conditions of war.
常作 maneuvers 对抗演习：在模拟战争状态下所进行大型战术训练
A controlled change in movement or direction of a moving vehicle or vessel, as in the flight path of an aircraft.
操纵：机动车辆在动作或方向上的节制性改变，如飞行器的飞行路线上
A movement or procedure involving skill and dexterity.
技术动作：涉及技术和技巧的动作或过程
A strategic action undertaken to gain an end.
策略，巧计：为达到某种目的而采取的战略运动
Artful handling of affairs that is often marked by scheming and deceit.See Synonyms at artifice
花招，伎俩：事务的艺术处理，常具有仔细谋划和欺骗的特征参见 artifice
v.（动词）
ma.neu.vered, ma.neu.ver.ing, ma.neu.vers
v.intr.（不及物动词）
To carry out a military or naval maneuver.
调动，进行演习：陆上部队或海上部队进行调动或演习
To make a controlled series of changes in movement or direction toward an objective:
调整，操纵：为达到某个目的而采取的一系列行动上或方向上有节制的改变：
maneuvered to get closer to the stage.
操纵方向以靠近舞台
To shift ground; change tactics:
转换阵地；改变战术：
The opposition had no room in which to maneuver.
对手没有回旋的馀地了
To use stratagems in gaining an end.
耍花招，用策略：为达到目的而采用策略
v.tr.（及物动词）
To alter the tactical placement of (troops or warships).
调遣：改变（部队或战舰）的战略位置
To direct through a series of movements or changes in course:
操纵，控制：在某过程中指导一系列行动或改变：
maneuvered the car through traffic.
在街道上操纵着汽车
To manipulate into a desired position or toward a predetermined goal:
诱使，策划：设法进入设想的位置，或设法使之向某预想的目标发展：
maneuvered him into signing the contract.See Synonyms at manipulate
诱使他签订合同参见 manipulate
```
语源
French manoeuvre
法语 manoeuvre
from Old French maneuvre [manual work]
源自 古法语 maneuvre [体力劳动]
from Medieval Latin manuopera
源自 中世纪拉丁语 manuopera
from Latin manū operārī [to work by hand]
源自 拉丁语 manū operārī [用手劳作]
manū [ablative of] manus [hand] * see man- 2
manū [] manus的夺格 [手] *参见 man- 2
operārī [to work] * see op-
operārī [劳作] *参见 op-
```
继承用法
maneu'verabilʹity n.（名词）
maneuʹverable adj.（形容词）
maneuʹverer n.（名词）
maneuver (v.)
1777, from maneuver (n.), or else from Fr. manœurvrer "work, work with one's hands; carry out, prepare" (12c.), from M.L. manuoperare. Originally in a military sense. Figurative use from 1801. Related: Maneuvered; maneuvering.
Etymonline
maneuver
maneuver (n.)
"planned movement of troops or warship," 1758, from Fr. manoeuvre "manipulation, maneuver," from O.Fr. manovre "manual labor" (13c.), from M.L. manuopera (cf. Sp. maniobra, It. manovra), from manuoperare "work with the hands," from L. manu operari, from manu, ablative of manus "hand" (see manual (adj.)) + operari "to work, operate" (see operation). The same word had been borrowed from French into Middle English in a sense "hand-labor" (late 15c.). General meaning "artful plan, adroit movement" is from 1774. Related: Maneuvers.
韦氏大学
ma·neu·ver
I. \mə-ˈnü-vər, -ˈnyü-\ noun
Etymology: French manœuvre, from Old French maneuvre work done by hand, from Medieval Latin manuopera, from manu operare to perform manual labor — more at manure
Date: 1758
1.
a. : a military or naval movement
b. : an armed forces training exercise; especially : an extended and large-scale training exercise involving military and naval units separately or in combination — often used in plural
2. : a procedure or method of working usually involving expert physical movement
3.
a. : evasive movement or shift of tactics
b. : an intended and controlled variation from a straight and level flight path in the operation of an airplane
4.
a. : an action taken to gain a tactical end
b. : an adroit and clever management of affairs often using trickery and deception
Synonyms: see trick
II. verb
(ma·neu·vered ; ma·neu·ver·ing \-ˈnü-və-riŋ, -ˈnyü-; -ˈn(y)üv-riŋ\)
Date: 1777
intransitive verb
1.
a. : to perform a movement in military or naval tactics in order to secure an advantage
b. : to make a series of changes in direction and position for a specific purpose
2. : to use stratagems : scheme
transitive verb
1. : to cause to execute tactical movements
2. : to manage into or out of a position or condition : manipulate
3.
a. : to guide with adroitness and design
b. : to bring about or secure as a result of skillful management
• ma·neu·ver·abil·i·ty \-ˌnü-və-rə-ˈbi-lə-tē, -ˌnyü-; -ˌn(y)üv-rə-\ noun
• ma·neu·ver·able \-ˈnü-və-rə-bəl, -ˈnyü-; -ˈn(y)üv-rə-\ adjective
• ma·neu·ver·er \-ˈnü-vər-ər, -ˈnyü-\ noun
美国传统词典英汉
ma.neu.ver
AHD:[mə-n›ʹvər, -ny›ʹ-]
D.J.[məˈnuːvə, -ˈnjuː-]
K.K.[məˈnuvɚ, -ˈnju-]
n.（名词）
A strategic or tactical military or naval movement.
调遣，换防：陆上部队或海上部队所作的战略或战术移动
Often maneuvers A large-scale tactical exercise carried out under simulated conditions of war.
常作 maneuvers 对抗演习：在模拟战争状态下所进行大型战术训练
A controlled change in movement or direction of a moving vehicle or vessel, as in the flight path of an aircraft.
操纵：机动车辆在动作或方向上的节制性改变，如飞行器的飞行路线上
A movement or procedure involving skill and dexterity.
技术动作：涉及技术和技巧的动作或过程
A strategic action undertaken to gain an end.
策略，巧计：为达到某种目的而采取的战略运动
Artful handling of affairs that is often marked by scheming and deceit.See Synonyms at artifice
花招，伎俩：事务的艺术处理，常具有仔细谋划和欺骗的特征参见 artifice
v.（动词）
ma.neu.vered, ma.neu.ver.ing, ma.neu.vers
v.intr.（不及物动词）
To carry out a military or naval maneuver.
调动，进行演习：陆上部队或海上部队进行调动或演习
To make a controlled series of changes in movement or direction toward an objective:
调整，操纵：为达到某个目的而采取的一系列行动上或方向上有节制的改变：
maneuvered to get closer to the stage.
操纵方向以靠近舞台
To shift ground; change tactics:
转换阵地；改变战术：
The opposition had no room in which to maneuver.
对手没有回旋的馀地了
To use stratagems in gaining an end.
耍花招，用策略：为达到目的而采用策略
v.tr.（及物动词）
To alter the tactical placement of (troops or warships).
调遣：改变（部队或战舰）的战略位置
To direct through a series of movements or changes in course:
操纵，控制：在某过程中指导一系列行动或改变：
maneuvered the car through traffic.
在街道上操纵着汽车
To manipulate into a desired position or toward a predetermined goal:
诱使，策划：设法进入设想的位置，或设法使之向某预想的目标发展：
maneuvered him into signing the contract.See Synonyms at manipulate
诱使他签订合同参见 manipulate
```
语源
French manoeuvre
法语 manoeuvre
from Old French maneuvre [manual work]
源自 古法语 maneuvre [体力劳动]
from Medieval Latin manuopera
源自 中世纪拉丁语 manuopera
from Latin manū operārī [to work by hand]
源自 拉丁语 manū operārī [用手劳作]
manū [ablative of] manus [hand] * see man- 2
manū [] manus的夺格 [手] *参见 man- 2
operārī [to work] * see op-
operārī [劳作] *参见 op-
```
继承用法
maneu'verabilʹity n.（名词）
maneuʹverable adj.（形容词）
maneuʹverer n.（名词）
200
```
mandatory
mandatory (adj.)
1570s, "of the nature of a mandate," from L.L. mandatorius "pertaining to a mandator," from L. mandatus, pp. of mandare (see mandate (n.)). Sense of "obligatory because commanded" is from 1818.
韦氏大学
man·da·to·ry
I. \ˈman-də-ˌtȯr-ē\ adjective
Date: 15th century
1. : containing or constituting a command : obligatory
```
```
2. : of, by, relating to, or holding a League of Nations mandate
• man·da·tor·i·ly \-ˌtȯr-ə-lē\ adverb
II. noun
(plural -ries)
Date: 1661
: one given a mandate; especially : a nation holding a mandate from the League of Nations
美国传统词典英汉
man.da.to.ry
AHD:[mănʹdə-tôr'ē, -tōr'ē]
D.J.[ˈmændəˌtɔːriː, -ˌtəʊriː]
K.K.[ˈmændəˌtɔri, -ˌtori]
adj.（形容词）
Required or commanded by authority; obligatory:
强制的：权威当局所要求或命令的，必须履行的：
Attendance at the meeting is mandatory.
出席会议是必要的
Of, having the nature of, or containing a mandate.
命令的：属于或拥有或具有训令特征的
Holding a League of Nations mandate over a territory.
受委托的：受国际联盟的委托而掌管统治某地区的
n.（名词）
【复数】 man.da.to.ries
A mandatary.
受托管理者
```
```
mandatory
mandatory (adj.)
1570s, "of the nature of a mandate," from L.L. mandatorius "pertaining to a mandator," from L. mandatus, pp. of mandare (see mandate (n.)). Sense of "obligatory because commanded" is from 1818.
韦氏大学
man·da·to·ry
I. \ˈman-də-ˌtȯr-ē\ adjective
Date: 15th century
1. : containing or constituting a command : obligatory
```
```
2. : of, by, relating to, or holding a League of Nations mandate
• man·da·tor·i·ly \-ˌtȯr-ə-lē\ adverb
II. noun
(plural -ries)
Date: 1661
: one given a mandate; especially : a nation holding a mandate from the League of Nations
美国传统词典英汉
man.da.to.ry
AHD:[mănʹdə-tôr'ē, -tōr'ē]
D.J.[ˈmændəˌtɔːriː, -ˌtəʊriː]
K.K.[ˈmændəˌtɔri, -ˌtori]
adj.（形容词）
Required or commanded by authority; obligatory:
强制的：权威当局所要求或命令的，必须履行的：
Attendance at the meeting is mandatory.
出席会议是必要的
Of, having the nature of, or containing a mandate.
命令的：属于或拥有或具有训令特征的
Holding a League of Nations mandate over a territory.
受委托的：受国际联盟的委托而掌管统治某地区的
n.（名词）
【复数】 man.da.to.ries
A mandatary.
受托管理者
```
201
Etymonline
countermand
countermand
early 15c., from O.Fr. contremander "reverse an order or command" (13c.), from contre- "against" (see contra-) + mander, from L. mandare "to order" (see mandate).
韦氏大学
coun·ter·mand
I. \ˈkau̇n-tər-ˌmand, ˌkau̇n-tər-ˈ\ transitive verb
Etymology: Middle English countermaunden, from Anglo-French cuntremander, from cuntre- counter- + mander to command, from Latin mandare — more at mandate
Date: 15th century
1. : to revoke (a command) by a contrary order
2. : to recall or order back by a superseding contrary order
```
II. \ˈkau̇n-tər-ˌmand\ noun
Date: 1548
1. : a contrary order
2. : the revocation of an order or command
美国传统词典英汉
coun.ter.mand
AHD:[kounʹtər-mănd', koun'tər-măndʹ]
D.J.[ˈkaʊntəˌmænd, ˌkaʊntəˈmænd]
K.K.[ˈkaʊntɚˌmænd, ˌkaʊntɚˈmænd]
v.tr.（及物动词）
coun.ter.mand.ed, coun.ter.mand.ing, coun.ter.mands
To cancel or reverse (a previously issued command or order).
取消，撤回：取消或撤回（以前发出的命令或定货）
To recall by a contrary order:
用相反的命令招回：
countermanded the air strikes.
下令撤回空袭命令
n.（名词）
AHD:[kounʹtər-mănd']
An order or command reversing another one.
收回成命的命令：与另一个相反的定货或命令
Cancellation of an order or command.
收回成命；撤消命令：对定货或命令的取消
```
```
语源
Middle English countremaunden
中古英语 countremaunden
from Old French contremander
源自 古法语 contremander
contre- [counter-]
contre- [反，逆，代替]
mander [to command] from Latin mandāre * see man- 2
mander [命令] 源自 拉丁语 mandāre *参见 man- 2
```
Etymonline
countermand
countermand
early 15c., from O.Fr. contremander "reverse an order or command" (13c.), from contre- "against" (see contra-) + mander, from L. mandare "to order" (see mandate).
韦氏大学
coun·ter·mand
I. \ˈkau̇n-tər-ˌmand, ˌkau̇n-tər-ˈ\ transitive verb
Etymology: Middle English countermaunden, from Anglo-French cuntremander, from cuntre- counter- + mander to command, from Latin mandare — more at mandate
Date: 15th century
1. : to revoke (a command) by a contrary order
2. : to recall or order back by a superseding contrary order
```
II. \ˈkau̇n-tər-ˌmand\ noun
Date: 1548
1. : a contrary order
2. : the revocation of an order or command
美国传统词典英汉
coun.ter.mand
AHD:[kounʹtər-mănd', koun'tər-măndʹ]
D.J.[ˈkaʊntəˌmænd, ˌkaʊntəˈmænd]
K.K.[ˈkaʊntɚˌmænd, ˌkaʊntɚˈmænd]
v.tr.（及物动词）
coun.ter.mand.ed, coun.ter.mand.ing, coun.ter.mands
To cancel or reverse (a previously issued command or order).
取消，撤回：取消或撤回（以前发出的命令或定货）
To recall by a contrary order:
用相反的命令招回：
countermanded the air strikes.
下令撤回空袭命令
n.（名词）
AHD:[kounʹtər-mănd']
An order or command reversing another one.
收回成命的命令：与另一个相反的定货或命令
Cancellation of an order or command.
收回成命；撤消命令：对定货或命令的取消
```
```
语源
Middle English countremaunden
中古英语 countremaunden
from Old French contremander
源自 古法语 contremander
contre- [counter-]
contre- [反，逆，代替]
mander [to command] from Latin mandāre * see man- 2
mander [命令] 源自 拉丁语 mandāre *参见 man- 2
```
202
```
Etymonline
remand
remand (v.)
mid-15c., from M.Fr. remander (12c.), from L.L. remandare "to send back word, repeat a command," from L. re- "back" + mandare "to consign, order, commit to one's charge" (see mandate). Related: Remanded; remanding.
韦氏大学
re·mand
\ri-ˈmand\ transitive verb
Etymology: Middle English remaunden, from Anglo-French remander, from Late Latin remandare to send back word, from Latin re- + mandare to order — more at mandate
Date: 15th century
: to order back: as
a. : to send back (a case) to another court or agency for further action
b. : to return to custody pending trial or for further detention
• remand noun
美国传统词典英汉
re.mand
AHD:[rĭ-măndʹ]
D.J.[rɪˈmænd]
K.K.[rɪˈmænd]
v.tr.（及物动词）
re.mand.ed, re.mand.ing, re.mands
To send or order back.
遣回；召回
Law
【法律】
To send back to custody.
遣回或命令返回
To send back (a case) to a lower court with instructions about further proceedings.
将…还押候审：将（案件）随进一步审理的命令送回较低级别的法庭
```
```
语源
Middle English remaunden
中古英语 remaunden
from Old French remander
源自 古法语 remander
from Late Latin remandāre [to send back word]
源自 后期拉丁语 remandāre [送回话]
Latin re- [re-]
拉丁语 re- [前缀re-]
Latin mandāre [to order] * see man- 2
拉丁语 mandāre [命令] *参见 man- 2
```
继承用法
remandʹ n.（名词）
remandʹment n.（名词）
```
Etymonline
remand
remand (v.)
mid-15c., from M.Fr. remander (12c.), from L.L. remandare "to send back word, repeat a command," from L. re- "back" + mandare "to consign, order, commit to one's charge" (see mandate). Related: Remanded; remanding.
韦氏大学
re·mand
\ri-ˈmand\ transitive verb
Etymology: Middle English remaunden, from Anglo-French remander, from Late Latin remandare to send back word, from Latin re- + mandare to order — more at mandate
Date: 15th century
: to order back: as
a. : to send back (a case) to another court or agency for further action
b. : to return to custody pending trial or for further detention
• remand noun
美国传统词典英汉
re.mand
AHD:[rĭ-măndʹ]
D.J.[rɪˈmænd]
K.K.[rɪˈmænd]
v.tr.（及物动词）
re.mand.ed, re.mand.ing, re.mands
To send or order back.
遣回；召回
Law
【法律】
To send back to custody.
遣回或命令返回
To send back (a case) to a lower court with instructions about further proceedings.
将…还押候审：将（案件）随进一步审理的命令送回较低级别的法庭
```
```
语源
Middle English remaunden
中古英语 remaunden
from Old French remander
源自 古法语 remander
from Late Latin remandāre [to send back word]
源自 后期拉丁语 remandāre [送回话]
Latin re- [re-]
拉丁语 re- [前缀re-]
Latin mandāre [to order] * see man- 2
拉丁语 mandāre [命令] *参见 man- 2
```
继承用法
remandʹ n.（名词）
remandʹment n.（名词）
203
```
ce·phal·ic
\sə-ˈfa-lik\ adjective
Etymology: Middle French céphalique, from Latin cephalicus, from Greek kephalikos, from kephalē head; akin to Old High German gebal skull, Old Norse gafl gable, Tocharian A śpāl head
Date: 1599
1. : of or relating to the head
2. : directed toward or situated on or in or near the head
• ce·phal·i·cal·ly \-li-k(ə-)lē\ adverb
美国传统词典英汉
ce.phal.ic
AHD:[sə-fălʹĭk]
D.J.[səˈfælɪk]
K.K.[səˈfælɪk]
adj.（形容词）
Of or relating to the head.
头的：属于或关于头的
Located on, in, or near the head.
头部的：位于头上、头内或靠近头的
```
```
语源
French céphalique
法语 céphalique
from Latin cephalicus
源自 拉丁语 cephalicus
from Greek kephalikos
源自 希腊语 kephalikos
from kephalē [head] * see ghebh-el-
源自 kephalē [头] *参见 ghebh-el-
```
```
继承用法
cephalʹically adv.（副词）
美国传统词典英汉
-cephalic
suff.（后缀）
Having a specified kind or number of heads:
有…头的：有特定种类或特定数目的头的：
dolichocephalic.
有狭长头的人
```
```
ce·phal·ic
\sə-ˈfa-lik\ adjective
Etymology: Middle French céphalique, from Latin cephalicus, from Greek kephalikos, from kephalē head; akin to Old High German gebal skull, Old Norse gafl gable, Tocharian A śpāl head
Date: 1599
1. : of or relating to the head
2. : directed toward or situated on or in or near the head
• ce·phal·i·cal·ly \-li-k(ə-)lē\ adverb
美国传统词典英汉
ce.phal.ic
AHD:[sə-fălʹĭk]
D.J.[səˈfælɪk]
K.K.[səˈfælɪk]
adj.（形容词）
Of or relating to the head.
头的：属于或关于头的
Located on, in, or near the head.
头部的：位于头上、头内或靠近头的
```
```
语源
French céphalique
法语 céphalique
from Latin cephalicus
源自 拉丁语 cephalicus
from Greek kephalikos
源自 希腊语 kephalikos
from kephalē [head] * see ghebh-el-
源自 kephalē [头] *参见 ghebh-el-
```
```
继承用法
cephalʹically adv.（副词）
美国传统词典英汉
-cephalic
suff.（后缀）
Having a specified kind or number of heads:
有…头的：有特定种类或特定数目的头的：
dolichocephalic.
有狭长头的人
```
204
Etymonline
recapitulate
recapitulate (v.)
1560s, from pp. stem of L.L. recapitulare (see recapitulation). Related: Recapitulated; recapitulating.
韦氏大学
re·ca·pit·u·late
\ˌrē-kə-ˈpi-chə-ˌlāt\ verb
(-lat·ed ; -lat·ing)
Etymology: Late Latin recapitulatus, past participle of recapitulare to restate by heads, sum up, from Latin re- + capitulum division of a book — more at chapter
Date: 1556
transitive verb
1.
a. : to restate briefly : summarize
b. : to give new form or expression to
2. : to repeat the principal stages or phases of
```
intransitive verb
: sum up
美国传统词典英汉
re.ca.pit.u.late
AHD:[rē'kə-pĭchʹə-lāt']
D.J.[ˌriːkəˈpɪtʃəˌleɪt]
K.K.[ˌrikəˈpɪtʃəˌlet]
v.（动词）
re.ca.pit.u.lat.ed, re.ca.pit.u.lat.ing, re.ca.pit.u.lates
v.tr.（及物动词）
To repeat in concise form.
扼要重述：用简洁的形式重复一遍
Biology To appear to repeat (the evolutionary stages of the species) during the embryonic development of the individual organism.
【生物学】 重演：在个体有机体胚胎培育发展中重现（物种进化的过程）
v.intr.（不及物动词）
To make a summary.
总结：作扼要概括
```
```
语源
Latin recapitulāre recapitulāt-
拉丁语 recapitulāre recapitulāt-
re- [re-]
re- [前缀，表示“重，再”]
capitulum [main point, heading]
capitulum [主要观点，标题]
diminutive of caput capit- [head] * see kaput-
caput的小后缀 capit- [头] *参见 kaput-
```
继承用法
recapitʹula'tive 或 recapitʹulato'ry AHD:[-lə-tôr'ē, -tōr'ē] （形容词）
Etymonline
recapitulate
recapitulate (v.)
1560s, from pp. stem of L.L. recapitulare (see recapitulation). Related: Recapitulated; recapitulating.
韦氏大学
re·ca·pit·u·late
\ˌrē-kə-ˈpi-chə-ˌlāt\ verb
(-lat·ed ; -lat·ing)
Etymology: Late Latin recapitulatus, past participle of recapitulare to restate by heads, sum up, from Latin re- + capitulum division of a book — more at chapter
Date: 1556
transitive verb
1.
a. : to restate briefly : summarize
b. : to give new form or expression to
2. : to repeat the principal stages or phases of
```
intransitive verb
: sum up
美国传统词典英汉
re.ca.pit.u.late
AHD:[rē'kə-pĭchʹə-lāt']
D.J.[ˌriːkəˈpɪtʃəˌleɪt]
K.K.[ˌrikəˈpɪtʃəˌlet]
v.（动词）
re.ca.pit.u.lat.ed, re.ca.pit.u.lat.ing, re.ca.pit.u.lates
v.tr.（及物动词）
To repeat in concise form.
扼要重述：用简洁的形式重复一遍
Biology To appear to repeat (the evolutionary stages of the species) during the embryonic development of the individual organism.
【生物学】 重演：在个体有机体胚胎培育发展中重现（物种进化的过程）
v.intr.（不及物动词）
To make a summary.
总结：作扼要概括
```
```
语源
Latin recapitulāre recapitulāt-
拉丁语 recapitulāre recapitulāt-
re- [re-]
re- [前缀，表示“重，再”]
capitulum [main point, heading]
capitulum [主要观点，标题]
diminutive of caput capit- [head] * see kaput-
caput的小后缀 capit- [头] *参见 kaput-
```
继承用法
recapitʹula'tive 或 recapitʹulato'ry AHD:[-lə-tôr'ē, -tōr'ē] （形容词）
205
```
precipitous (adj.)
1640s, "rash, headlong," from obsolete Fr. precipiteux (16c.), from V.L. *praecipitosus, from praecipitare (see precipitation). Related: Precipitously. Precipitate (adj.) "hasty" is attested from 1650s.
韦氏大学
pre·cip·i·tous
\pri-ˈsi-pə-təs\ adjective
Etymology: French précipiteux, from Middle French, from Latin precipitium precipice
Date: 1646
1. : precipitate 2
2.
a. : very steep, perpendicular, or overhanging in rise or fall
b. : having precipitous sides
c. : having a very steep ascent
Synonyms: see steep
• pre·cip·i·tous·ly adverb
• pre·cip·i·tous·ness noun
美国传统词典英汉
pre.cip.i.tous
AHD:[prĭ-sĭpʹĭ-təs]
D.J.[prɪˈsɪpɪtəs]
K.K.[prɪˈsɪpɪtəs]
adj.（形容词）
Resembling a precipice; extremely steep.See Synonyms at steep 1
险峻的：类似悬崖的；极其陡峭的参见 steep1
Having several precipices:
多悬崖的：
a precipitous bluff.
多悬崖的绝壁
Usage Problem Extremely rapid, hasty, or abrupt; precipitate:See Usage Note at precipitate
【用法疑难】 急促的，急速的：极其迅速、急促或突然的；急转直下的参见 precipitate
```
```
语源
Probably from precipitious
可能源自 precipitious
from Latin praecipitium [precipice] * see precipice
源自 拉丁语 praecipitium [悬崖] *参见 precipice
```
继承用法
precipʹitously adv.（副词）
precipʹitousness n.（名词）
```
precipitous (adj.)
1640s, "rash, headlong," from obsolete Fr. precipiteux (16c.), from V.L. *praecipitosus, from praecipitare (see precipitation). Related: Precipitously. Precipitate (adj.) "hasty" is attested from 1650s.
韦氏大学
pre·cip·i·tous
\pri-ˈsi-pə-təs\ adjective
Etymology: French précipiteux, from Middle French, from Latin precipitium precipice
Date: 1646
1. : precipitate 2
2.
a. : very steep, perpendicular, or overhanging in rise or fall
b. : having precipitous sides
c. : having a very steep ascent
Synonyms: see steep
• pre·cip·i·tous·ly adverb
• pre·cip·i·tous·ness noun
美国传统词典英汉
pre.cip.i.tous
AHD:[prĭ-sĭpʹĭ-təs]
D.J.[prɪˈsɪpɪtəs]
K.K.[prɪˈsɪpɪtəs]
adj.（形容词）
Resembling a precipice; extremely steep.See Synonyms at steep 1
险峻的：类似悬崖的；极其陡峭的参见 steep1
Having several precipices:
多悬崖的：
a precipitous bluff.
多悬崖的绝壁
Usage Problem Extremely rapid, hasty, or abrupt; precipitate:See Usage Note at precipitate
【用法疑难】 急促的，急速的：极其迅速、急促或突然的；急转直下的参见 precipitate
```
```
语源
Probably from precipitious
可能源自 precipitious
from Latin praecipitium [precipice] * see precipice
源自 拉丁语 praecipitium [悬崖] *参见 precipice
```
继承用法
precipʹitously adv.（副词）
precipʹitousness n.（名词）
206
precipitation
precipitation (n.)
late 15c., "a casting down" (of the evil angels from heaven), in alchemy "separation of a solid substance from a solution," from M.Fr. precipitation (15c.), from L. praecipitationem (nom. praecipitatio) "act or fact of falling headlong, haste," from praecipitare "fall, be hasty," from praeceps "steep" (see precipice). Meaning "sudden haste" is c.1500. Meaning "act of falling from a height" is attested from 1610s. Meteorological sense of "rain, snow, dew, etc." is from 1670s.
韦氏大学
pre·cip·i·ta·tion
\pri-ˌsi-pə-ˈtā-shən\ noun
Date: 1502
1. : the quality or state of being precipitate : hastiness
2. : an act, process, or instance of precipitating; especially : the process of forming a precipitate
3. : something precipitated: as
a. : a deposit on the earth of hail, mist, rain, sleet, or snow; also : the quantity of water deposited
b. : precipitate 1
美国传统词典英汉
pre.cip.i.ta.tion
AHD:[prĭ-sĭp'ĭ-tāʹshən]
D.J.[prɪˌsɪpɪˈteɪʃən]
K.K.[prɪˌsɪpɪˈteʃən]
n.（名词）
A headlong fall or rush.
猛然落下或冲下
Abrupt or impulsive haste.
急躁或冲动
A hastening or an acceleration, especially one that is sudden or unexpected:
陡然，促然：尤指突然的或出乎意料的急促或加速：
He is responsible for the precipitation of his own demise.
他得为自己的卒死负责
Abbr. pptn.Meteorology
缩写 pptn.【气象学】
Any form of water, such as rain, snow, sleet, or hail, that falls to the earth's surface.
降水：暴雨、雪、冻雪或冰雹降落到地表的任何形式的水
The quantity of such water falling in a specific area within a specific period.
降水量：某一特定时期内特定区域的降水数量
Chemistry The process of separating a substance from a solution as a solid.
【化学】 沉淀：把物质从溶液中分解为固体的过程
precipitation
precipitation (n.)
late 15c., "a casting down" (of the evil angels from heaven), in alchemy "separation of a solid substance from a solution," from M.Fr. precipitation (15c.), from L. praecipitationem (nom. praecipitatio) "act or fact of falling headlong, haste," from praecipitare "fall, be hasty," from praeceps "steep" (see precipice). Meaning "sudden haste" is c.1500. Meaning "act of falling from a height" is attested from 1610s. Meteorological sense of "rain, snow, dew, etc." is from 1670s.
韦氏大学
pre·cip·i·ta·tion
\pri-ˌsi-pə-ˈtā-shən\ noun
Date: 1502
1. : the quality or state of being precipitate : hastiness
2. : an act, process, or instance of precipitating; especially : the process of forming a precipitate
3. : something precipitated: as
a. : a deposit on the earth of hail, mist, rain, sleet, or snow; also : the quantity of water deposited
b. : precipitate 1
美国传统词典英汉
pre.cip.i.ta.tion
AHD:[prĭ-sĭp'ĭ-tāʹshən]
D.J.[prɪˌsɪpɪˈteɪʃən]
K.K.[prɪˌsɪpɪˈteʃən]
n.（名词）
A headlong fall or rush.
猛然落下或冲下
Abrupt or impulsive haste.
急躁或冲动
A hastening or an acceleration, especially one that is sudden or unexpected:
陡然，促然：尤指突然的或出乎意料的急促或加速：
He is responsible for the precipitation of his own demise.
他得为自己的卒死负责
Abbr. pptn.Meteorology
缩写 pptn.【气象学】
Any form of water, such as rain, snow, sleet, or hail, that falls to the earth's surface.
降水：暴雨、雪、冻雪或冰雹降落到地表的任何形式的水
The quantity of such water falling in a specific area within a specific period.
降水量：某一特定时期内特定区域的降水数量
Chemistry The process of separating a substance from a solution as a solid.
【化学】 沉淀：把物质从溶液中分解为固体的过程
