Y@EnglishVB Flashcards

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``` Etymonline valedictory valedictory (adj.) 1650s, from L. valedictum (pp. of valedicere; see valediction) + -ory. Valedictory address is recorded from 1779. 韦氏大学 val·e·dic·to·ry I. \-ˈdik-t(ə-)rē\ adjective Etymology: Latin valedicere Date: 1651 : of or relating to a valediction : expressing or containing a farewell II. noun (plural -ries) Date: 1779 1. : an address or statement of farewell or leave-taking 2. : valediction 1 美国传统词典英汉 val.e.dic.to.ry AHD:[văl'ĭ-dĭkʹtə-rē] D.J.[ˌvælɪˈdɪktəriː] K.K.[ˌvælɪˈdɪktəri] n.（名词）【复数】 val.e.dic.to.ries A closing or farewell statement or address, especially one delivered at graduation exercises. 告别词，告别演说：结束性或告别性陈述或演说，尤其指在毕业典礼上所做的 adj.（形容词） Of, relating to, or expressing a valedictory. 告别的，辞别的：告别词的，与告别词有关的，或表示告别的 ```

Answer 1

``` Etymonline valedictory valedictory (adj.) 1650s, from L. valedictum (pp. of valedicere; see valediction) + -ory. Valedictory address is recorded from 1779. 韦氏大学 val·e·dic·to·ry I. \-ˈdik-t(ə-)rē\ adjective Etymology: Latin valedicere Date: 1651 : of or relating to a valediction : expressing or containing a farewell II. noun (plural -ries) Date: 1779 1. : an address or statement of farewell or leave-taking 2. : valediction 1 美国传统词典英汉 val.e.dic.to.ry AHD:[văl'ĭ-dĭkʹtə-rē] D.J.[ˌvælɪˈdɪktəriː] K.K.[ˌvælɪˈdɪktəri] n.（名词）【复数】 val.e.dic.to.ries A closing or farewell statement or address, especially one delivered at graduation exercises. 告别词，告别演说：结束性或告别性陈述或演说，尤其指在毕业典礼上所做的 adj.（形容词） Of, relating to, or expressing a valedictory. 告别的，辞别的：告别词的，与告别词有关的，或表示告别的 ```

Answer 2

Etymonline benediction benediction (n.) c.1400, from L. benedictionem (nom. benedictio), noun of action from bene dicere "to speak well of, bless," from bene "well" (see bene-) + dicere "to speak" (see diction). The oldest sense in English is of grace before meat. The older French form, beneiçon passed into Middle English as benison. 韦氏大学 bene·dic·tion \ˌbe-nə-ˈdik-shən\ noun Etymology: Middle English benediccioun, from Late Latin benediction-, benedictio, from benedicere to bless, from Latin, to speak well of, from bene well (akin to Latin bonus good) + dicere to say — more at bounty, diction Date: 15th century 1. : the invocation of a blessing; especially : the short blessing with which public worship is concluded 2. : something that promotes goodness or well-being 3. often capitalized : a Roman Catholic or Anglo-Catholic devotion including the exposition of the eucharistic Host in the monstrance and the blessing of the people with it 4. : an expression of good wishes 美国传统词典英汉 ben.e.dic.tion AHD:[bĕn'ĭ-dĭkʹshən] D.J.[ˌbenɪˈdɪkʃən] K.K.[ˌbɛnɪˈdɪkʃən] n.（名词） A blessing. 祝福 An invocation of divine blessing, usually at the end of a church service. 祝福祈祷：通常在礼拜末尾进行的祈福 Often Benediction Roman Catholic Church A short service consisting of prayers, the singing of a Eucharistic hymn, and the blessing of the congregation with the host. 常作 Benediction 【罗马天主教】祝福仪式：包括祈祷、唱圣餐赞美诗和对教众的祝福在内的短暂的礼拜式 ``` 语源 Middle English benediccioun 中古英语 benediccioun from Old French benedicion 源自古法语 benedicion from Latin benedictiō benedictiōn- 源自拉丁语 benedictiō benedictiōn- from benedictus [past participle of] benedicere [to bless] 源自 benedictus [] benedicere的过去分词 [祈福，赞美] bene [well] * see deu- 2 bene [好意地] *参见 deu- 2 dīcere [to speak] * see deik- dīcere [说] *参见 deik- ``` 继承用法 ben'edicʹtive 或 ben'edicʹtory AHD:[-dĭkʹtə-rē] （形容词）美国传统词典英英 ben·e·dic·tion (bĕn'ĭ-dĭkʹshən) n. 1. A blessing. 2. An invocation of divine blessing, usually at the end of a church service. 3. often Benediction Roman Catholic Church. A short service consisting of prayers, the singing of a Eucharistic hymn, and the blessing of the congregation with the host. 4. An expression of good wishes. [Middle English benediccioun, from Old French benedicion, from Latin benedictiō, benedictiōn-, from benedictus, past participle of benedīcere, to bless : bene, well; See deu-2 in Indo-European Roots + dīcere, to speak; See deik- in Indo-European Roots.] ben'e·dicʹtive or ben'e·dicʹto·ry (-dĭkʹtə-rē) adj. Table of Contents ⇑TOP 牛津高阶英汉双解 benediction / ˏbenɪˈdɪkʃn; ˏbɛnəˋdɪkʃən/ n [C, U] blessing, esp one said before a meal or at the end of a church service 祝福（尤指餐前或礼拜结束时的祝祷）: pronounce/say the benediction 祝福 * confer one's benediction on sb 祝福某人.

Answer 3

condition condition (n.) early 14c., condicioun, from O.Fr. condicion (12c., Mod.Fr. condition) "stipulation, state, behavior, social status," from L. condicionem (nom. condicio) "agreement, situation," from condicere "to speak with, talk together," from com- "together" (see com-) + dicere "to speak" (see diction). Evolution of meaning through "stipulation, condition," to "situation, mode of being." The verb meaning "to make conditions" is from late 15c.; meaning "to bring to a desired condition" is from 1844. 韦氏大学 con·di·tion I. \kən-ˈdi-shən\ noun Etymology: Middle English condicion, from Anglo-French, from Latin condicion-, condicio terms of agreement, condition, from condicere to agree, from com- + dicere to say, determine — more at diction Date: 14th century 1. a. : a premise upon which the fulfillment of an agreement depends : stipulation b. obsolete : covenant c. : a provision making the effect of a legal instrument contingent upon an uncertain event; also : the event itself 2. : something essential to the appearance or occurrence of something else : prerequisite: as a. : an environmental requirement b. : the subordinate clause of a conditional sentence 3. a. : a restricting or modifying factor : qualification b. : an unsatisfactory academic grade that may be raised by doing additional work 4. a. : a state of being b. : social status : rank c. : a usually defective state of health d. : a state of physical fitness or readiness for use e. plural : attendant circumstances 5. a. obsolete : temper of mind b. obsolete : trait c. plural, archaic : manners, ways II. verb (con·di·tioned ; con·di·tion·ing \-ˈdi-sh(ə-)niŋ\) Date: 15th century intransitive verb archaic : to make stipulations transitive verb 1. : to agree by stipulating 2. : to make conditional 3. a. : to put into a proper state for work or use b. : air-condition 4. : to give a grade of condition to 5. a. : to adapt, modify, or mold so as to conform to an environing culture mint2. on condition (that)... only if; provided (that) 在...条件下; 倘若...: You can go out on condition that you wear an overcoat. 你要穿上外衣才能出去. on no condition (fml 文) not at all 一点也不; 决不: You must on no condition tell him what happened. 你决不能把发生的事情告诉他. condition2 / ˏkənˈdɪʃn; kənˋdɪʃən/ v 1. [Tn] have an important effect on (sb/sth); determine 对（某人[某事物]）有重要影响; 决定: Environment conditions an animal's development. 环境能影响动物的成长. 2. [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.t] ~ sb/sth (to sth/to do sth) accustom sb/sth; train sb/sth 使某人[某事物]习惯; 训练某人[某事物]: We have all been conditioned by our upbringing. 我们都习惯于所受的教养. * It didn't take them long to become conditioned to the new environment. 他们不久就适应了新环境. * Animals can be conditioned to expect food at certain times. 可以训练动物定时等待喂食. 3. [Tn] put (sth) into a proper or desired state for use 使（某事物）达到适当的或合要求的状况（以供使用）: leather conditioned by a special process 经特殊加工的皮革 * a lotion that conditions the skin, ie keeps it healthy 护肤剂. > conditioner / kənˈdɪʃənə(r); kənˋdɪʃənɚ/ n [C, U] thing or substance that conditions, esp a liquid that keeps the hair healthy and shiny 调理的物品或物质; （尤指）护发剂, 护发素.

Answer 4

``` Etymonline valediction valediction (n.) 1610s, from pp. stem of L. valedicere "bid farewell," from vale, imperative of valere "be well" (see valiant) + dicere "to say" (see diction). 韦氏大学 val·e·dic·tion \ˌva-lə-ˈdik-shən\ noun Etymology: Latin valedicere to say farewell, from vale farewell + dicere to say — more at diction Date: 1613 1. : an act of bidding farewell 2. : valedictory 1 美国传统词典英汉 val.e.dic.tion AHD:[văl'ĭ-dĭkʹshən] D.J.[ˌvælɪˈdɪkʃən] K.K.[ˌvælɪˈdɪkʃən] n.（名词） An act of bidding farewell; a leave-taking. 告别：表达再见的动作；告别 A speech or statement made as a farewell. 告别词：用来表示告别的演讲或陈说 ``` 语源 From Latin valedictus [past participle of] valedīcere [to say farewell] 源自拉丁语 valedictus [] valedīcere的过去分词 [说再见] valē [farewell] * see vale 2 valē [再见] *参见 vale2 dīcere [to say] * see deik- dīcere [说] *参见 deik-

Answer 5

valiant valiant (adj.) early 14c. (late 12c. in surnames), from Anglo-Fr. and O.Fr. valliant "stalwart, brave," from prp. of valoir "be worthy," originally "be strong," from L. valere "be strong, be well, be worth, have power, be able," from PIE root *wal- "be strong" (cf. O.E. wealdan "to rule," O.H.G. -walt, -wald "power" (in personal names), O.N. valdr "ruler," O.C.S. vlasti "to rule over," Lith. valdyti "to have power," Celt. *walos- "ruler," O.Ir. flaith "dominion," Welsh gallu "to be able"). Related: Valiantly. 韦氏大学 val·iant I. \ˈval-yənt\ adjective Etymology: Middle English vailant, valiant, from Anglo-French vaillant worthy, strong, courageous, from present participle of valer to be of worth, from Latin valēre to be strong — more at wield Date: 14th century 1. : possessing or acting with bravery or boldness : courageous 2. : marked by, exhibiting, or carried out with courage or determination : heroic ``` • val·iant·ly adverb • val·iant·ness noun II. noun Date: 1589 : a valiant person 美国传统词典英汉 val.iant AHD:[vălʹyənt] D.J.[ˈvæljənt] K.K.[ˈvæljənt] adj.（形容词） Possessing valor; brave. 勇敢的：有勇气的；勇敢的 Marked by or done with valor.See Synonyms at brave 英勇的：以勇敢为特色的，或与勇气相伴的参见 brave n.（名词） A brave person. 勇敢的人 ``` 语源 Middle English 中古英语 from Old French vaillant 源自古法语 vaillant from Latin valēns valent- [present participle of] valēre [to be strong] * see wal- 源自拉丁语 valēns valent- [] valēre的现在分词 [强壮] *参见 wal- ``` 继承用法 valʹiancy 或 valʹiance 或 valʹiantness n.（名词） valʹiantly adv.（副词）美国传统词典英英 val·iant (vălʹyənt) adj. 1. Possessing valor; brave. 2. Marked by or done with valor. See Synonyms at brave. n. A brave person. ``` [Middle English, from Old French vaillant, from Latin valēns, valent- present participle of valēre, to be strong. See wal- in Indo-European Roots.] valʹian·cy or valʹiance or valʹiant·ness n. valʹiant·ly adv. Table of Contents ⇑TOP 牛津高阶英汉双解 valiant / ˈvælɪənt; ˋvæljənt/ adj (rhet 修辞) brave or determined 勇敢的; 英勇的; 坚定的: valiant resistance, efforts 顽强的抵抗﹑ 努力 * She made a valiant attempt to laugh. 她放大了胆笑了起来. > valiantly adv: Tom tried valiantly to rescue the drowning man. 汤姆勇敢地抢救那个溺水的男子.

Answer 6

Etymonline dictate dictate (n.) 1590s, from L. dictatum "something dictated," noun use of neut. pp. of dictare (see dictate (v.)). Etymonline dictate dictate (v.) 1590s, "to practice dictation, say aloud for another to write down," from L. dictatus, pp. of dictare "say often, prescribe," frequentative of dicere "tell, say" (see diction). Sense of "to command" is 1620s. Related: Dictated; dictates; dictating. 韦氏大学 dic·tate I. \ˈdik-ˌtāt, dik-ˈ\ verb (dic·tat·ed ; dic·tat·ing) Etymology: Latin dictatus, past participle of dictare to assert, dictate, frequentative of dicere to say — more at diction Date: 1581 intransitive verb 1. : to give dictation 2. : to speak or act domineeringly : prescribe transitive verb 1. : to speak or read for a person to transcribe or for a machine to record 2. a. : to issue as an order b. : to impose, pronounce, or specify authoritatively c. : to require or determine necessarily ``` II. \ˈdik-ˌtāt\ noun Date: 1594 1. a. : an authoritative rule, prescription, or injunction b. : a ruling principle ``` ``` 2. : a command by one in authority 美国传统词典英汉 dic.tate AHD:[dĭkʹtāt', dĭk-tātʹ] D.J.[ˈdɪkˌteɪt, dɪkˈteɪt] K.K.[ˈdɪkˌtet, dɪkˈtet] v.（动词） dic.tat.ed, dic.tat.ing, dic.tates v.tr.（及物动词） To say or read aloud to be recorded or written by another: 口述：大声说或念，由另一个人记录或书写： dictate a letter. 读信 To prescribe with authority; impose: 命令，指示：权威性指示；强制实行： dictated the rules of the game. 宣读比赛规则 To control or command: 控制，支配：控制或指挥： “Foreign leaders were . . . dictated by their own circumstances, bound by the universal imperatives of politics”(Doris Kearns Goodwin) “外围领导者…被他们自己的环境所支配，被政治的普遍的专横所限制”(多丽丝·克恩斯·古德温) v.intr.（不及物动词） To say or read aloud material to be recorded or written by another: 口述：大声说或念材料，由另一个人记录或抄写： dictated for an hour before leaving for the day. 在离开一天之前念一小时 To issue orders or commands. 命令：颁布命令或指令 n.（名词） AHD:[dĭkʹtāt'] A directive; a command. 指示；命令 A guiding principle: 指导原则： followed the dictates of my conscience. 接受我的良心的支配 ``` 语源 Latin dictāre dictāt- [frequentative of] dīcere [to say] * see deik- 拉丁语 dictāre dictāt- [] dīcere的重复动词 [讲] *参见 deik- 参考词汇 dictate, decree, impose, ordain, prescribe The central meaning shared by these verbs is “to set forth expressly and authoritatively”: 这些动词共有的中心意思的“明确和权威地阐述”： victors dictating the terms of surrender; 胜利者口述投降的条目； confiscation of alien property decreed by the legislature; 由立法机关和判决外国财产的没收； impose obedience; 强制服从； a separation seemingly ordained by fate; 看起来是命运注定的分离； taxes prescribed by law. 法律规定的税额美国传统词典英英 dic·tate (dĭkʹtāt', dĭk-tātʹ) v. dic·tat·ed, dic·tat·ing, dic·tates v. tr. 1. To say or read aloud to be recorded or written by another: dictate a letter. 2. a. To prescribe with authority; impose: dictated the rules of the game. b. To control or command: “Foreign leaders were... dictated by their own circumstances, bound by the universal imperatives of politics” (Doris Kearns Goodwin). v. intr. 1. To say or read aloud material to be recorded or written by another: dictated for an hour before leaving for the day. 2. To issue orders or commands. n. (dĭkʹtāt') 1. A directive; a command. 2. A guiding principle: followed the dictates of my conscience. [Latin dictāre, dictāt- frequentative of dīcere, to say. See deik- in Indo-European Roots.] Synonyms: dictate, decree, impose, ordain, prescribe These verbs mean to set forth expressly and authoritatively: victors dictating the terms of surrender; martial law decreed by the governor; impose obedience; a separation seemingly ordained by fate; taxes prescribed by law. Table of Contents ⇑TOP 牛津高阶英汉双解 dictate / dɪkˈteɪt; US ˈdɪkteɪt; ˋdɪktet/ v 1. [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (to sb) say or read aloud (words to be typed, written down or recorded on tape) 口授; 读出（文字, 作听写或录音）: dictate a letter to one's secretary 向秘书口授信稿 * The teacher dictated a passage to the class. 教师读出一段文章让全班听写. 2. [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) state or order sth with the force of authority 强行规定; 指令; 指定: dictate terms to a defeated enemy 向战败的敌人指定条件. 3. (phr v) dictate to sb (esp passive 尤用于被动语态) give orders to sb, esp in an officious way 指使某人; （尤指）向某人发号施令: I refuse to be dictated to by you. 我不愿被你呼来唤去的. * You can't dictate to people how they should live. 不能强行规定人们应该怎样生活. =>Usage at decree 用法见decree.

Answer 7

Etymonline prescribe prescribe (v.) "to write down as a direction," mid-15c., from L. praescribere (see prescription). Related: Prescribed; prescribing. 韦氏大学 pre·scribe \pri-ˈskrīb\ verb (pre·scribed ; pre·scrib·ing) Etymology: Middle English, from Latin praescribere to write at the beginning, dictate, order, from prae- + scribere to write — more at scribe Date: 15th century intransitive verb 1. : to lay down a rule : dictate 2. [Middle English, from Medieval Latin praescribere, from Latin, to write at the beginning] : to claim a title to something by right of prescription 3. : to write or give medical prescriptions 4. : to become by prescription invalid or unenforceable transitive verb 1. a. : to lay down as a guide, direction, or rule of action : ordain b. : to specify with authority 2. : to designate or order the use of as a remedy ``` • pre·scrib·er noun 美国传统词典英汉 pre.scribe AHD:[prĭ-skrībʹ] D.J.[prɪˈskraɪb] K.K.[prɪˈskraɪb] v.（动词） pre.scribed, pre.scrib.ing, pre.scribes v.tr.（及物动词） To set down as a rule or guide; enjoin.See Synonyms at dictate 指定，规定：作为规则或指示确定下来；责令参见 dictate To order the use of (a medicine or other treatment). 规定：嘱咐（某药或其它疗法）的用法 v.intr.（不及物动词） To establish rules, laws, or directions. 建立规定，法律或指示 To order a medicine or other treatment. 开处方，给医嘱 Law 【法律】 To assert a right or title to something on the grounds of prescription. 因法定期限完结取得权利 To become invalidated or unenforceable by the process of prescription. 因法定期限完结而丧失权利或不可执行 ``` ``` 语源 Middle English prescriben 中古英语 prescriben from Latin praescrībere 源自拉丁语 praescrībere prae- [pre-] prae- [前缀，表“在…之前”] scrībere [to write] * see skrībh- scrībere [写] *参见 skrībh- ``` 继承用法 prescribʹer n.（名词）美国传统词典英英 pre·scribe (prĭ-skrībʹ) v. pre·scribed, pre·scrib·ing, pre·scribes v. tr. 1. To set down as a rule or guide; enjoin. See Synonyms at dictate. 2. To order the use of (a medicine or other treatment). v. intr. 1. To establish rules, laws, or directions. 2. To order a medicine or other treatment. 3. Law. a. To assert a right or title to something on the grounds of prescription. b. To become invalidated or unenforceable by the process of prescription. [Middle English prescriben, from Latin praescrībere: prae-, pre- + scrībere, to write; See skrībh- in Indo-European Roots.] pre·scribʹer n. Table of Contents ⇑TOP 牛津高阶英汉双解 prescribe / prɪˈskraɪb; prɪˋskraɪb/ v (fml 文) 1. [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (for sth) advise or order the use of (esp a medicine, remedy, etc) 建议或吩咐采用（尤指药物﹑ 疗法等）; 开（药方）: She prescribed some pills to help me to sleep. 她让我吃些药片以利睡眠. * Do not exceed the prescribed dose, ie quantity of medicine to be taken at one time. 勿超过规定剂量（药物的一次用量）. * Ask the doctor to prescribe something for that cough. 请医生开点咳嗽药. * (fig 比喻) The doctor prescribed a holiday as the best cure for his depression. 医生认为要治好他的抑郁症最好是去度假. * a prescribed text, ie one that has to be studied, eg for an examination 指定学习的课文（如为应试）. 2. [Tn, Tn.pr, Tf, Tw] declare with authority that (sth) should be done or is a rule to be followed 规定做（某事）; 指定遵守（某事物）: The law prescribes heavy penalties for this offence. 法律规定对这种不法行为从严惩处. * Police regulations prescribe that an officer's number must be clearly visible. 警员条例要求执行职务者的号码标志必须清楚易见. * Army regulations prescribe how rifles must be carried. 军规中对持枪方式有明文规定. =>Usage at decree 用法见decree.

Answer 8

Etymonline edict edict (n.) late 15c., edycte; earlier edit, late 13c., "proclamation having the force of law," from O.Fr. edit, from L. edictum "proclamation, ordinance, edict," neuter pp. of edicere "publish, proclaim," from e- "out" (see ex-) + dicere "to say" (see diction). 韦氏大学 edict \ˈē-ˌdikt\ noun Etymology: Middle English, from Latin edictum, from neuter of edictus, past participle of edicere to decree, from e- + dicere to say — more at diction Date: 14th century 1. : a proclamation having the force of law 2. : order, command ) n. 1. A decree or proclamation issued by an authority and having the force of law. 2. A formal pronouncement or command. [Latin ēdictum, from neuter past participle of ēdīcere, to declare : ē-, ex-, ex- + dīcere, to speak; See deik- in Indo-European Roots.] Table of Contents ⇑TOP 牛津高阶英汉双解 edict / ˈiːdɪkt; ˋidɪkt/ n order or proclamation issued by an authority 法令; 敕令; 公告: by edict of the king 根据国王的敕令 * obey the edicts of parliament 服从议会通过的法令.

Answer 9

jurisdiction jurisdiction (n.) early 14c. "administration of justice" (attested from mid-13c. in Anglo-Latin), from O.Fr. juridiccion (13c.) and directly from L. iurisdictionem (nom. iurisdictio) "administration of justice, jurisdiction," from ius (gen. iuris; see jurist) "right, law" + dictio "a saying" (see diction). Meaning "extent or range of administrative power" is from late 14c. Related: Jurisdictional. 韦氏大学 ju·ris·dic·tion \ˌju̇r-əs-ˈdik-shən\ noun Etymology: Middle English jurisdiccioun, from Anglo-French & Latin; Anglo-French jurisdiction, from Latin jurisdiction-, jurisdictio, from juris + diction-, dictio act of saying — more at diction Date: 14th century 1. : the power, right, or authority to interpret and apply the law 2. a. : the authority of a sovereign power to govern or legislate b. : the power or right to exercise authority : control 3. : the limits or territory within which authority may be exercised Synonyms: see power • ju·ris·dic·tion·al \-shnəl, -shə-nəl\ adjective • ju·ris·dic·tion·al·ly adverb 美国传统词典英汉 ju.ris.dic.tion AHD:[j‹r'ĭs-dĭkʹshən] D.J.[ˌdʒʊərɪsˈdɪkʃən] K.K.[ˌdʒʊrɪsˈdɪkʃən] n.（名词） Law The right and power to interpret and apply the law: 【法律】司法权，裁判权：解释和运用法律的权力： courts having jurisdiction in this district. 在该地区享有司法权的法院 Authority or control: 管辖权或控制权： islands under U.S. jurisdiction; a bureau with jurisdiction over Native American affairs. 受美国管辖的岛屿；对印第安人的事务有管辖权的一个局 The extent of authority or control: 权限：管辖或控制的范围： a family matter beyond the school's jurisdiction. 在学校管辖范围之外的家庭事务 The territorial range of authority or control. 管辖区域：管辖或控制的地域语源 Middle English jurisdiccioun 中古英语 jurisdiccioun from Old French juridicion 源自古法语 juridicion from Latin iūrisdictiō iūrisdictiōn- 源自拉丁语 iūrisdictiō iūrisdictiōn- iūris [genitive of] iūs [law] * see yewes- iūris [] iūs的所有格 [法律] *参见 yewes- dictiō dictiōn- [declaration] from dictus [past participle of] dīcere [to say] * see deik- dictiō dictiōn- [声明，宣称] 源自 dictus [] dīcere的过去分词 [说话] *参见 deik- 继承用法 ju'risdicʹtional adj.（形容词） ju'risdicʹtionally adv.（副词）美国传统词典英英 ju·ris·dic·tion (jo͝or'ĭs-dĭkʹshən) n. 1. Law. The right and power to interpret and apply the law: courts having jurisdiction in this district. 2. a. Authority or control: islands under U.S. jurisdiction; a bureau with jurisdiction over Native American affairs. b. The extent of authority or control: a family matter beyond the school's jurisdiction. 3. The territorial range of authority or control. [Middle English jurisdiccioun, from Old French juridicion, from Latin iūrisdictiō, iūrisdictiōn- : iūris, genitive of iūs, law; See yewes- in Indo-European Roots + dictiō, dictiōn-, declaration (from dictus, past participle of dīcere, to say. See deik- in Indo-European Roots).] ju'ris·dicʹtion·al adj. ju'ris·dicʹtion·al·ly adv. Table of Contents ⇑TOP 牛津高阶英汉双解 jurisdiction / ˏdʒuərɪsˈdɪkʃn; ˏdʒʊrɪsˋdɪkʃən/ n [U] (a) authority to carry out justice and to interpret and apply laws; right to exercise legal authority 司法; 司法权; 审判权; 裁判权: The court has no jurisdiction over foreign diplomats living in this country. 法院对驻本国的外交官无裁判权. (b) limits within which legal authority may be exercised 管辖权限: to come within/fall outside sb's jurisdiction 在某人管辖权限之内[外].

Answer 10

``` Etymonline verdict verdict (n.) 1530s, from M.E. verdit (c.1300), "a jury's decision in a case," from Anglo-Fr. verdit (O.Fr. voirdit), from ver, veir "true" (see very) + dit, pp. of dire "to say" (see diction). Spelling influenced by M.L. verdictum. 韦氏大学 ver·dict \ˈvər-(ˌ)dikt\ noun Etymology: Middle English verdit, verdict, from Anglo-French veirdit, from veir true (from Latin verus) + dit saying, dictum, from Latin dictum — more at very Date: 15th century 1. : the finding or decision of a jury on the matter submitted to it in trial 2. : opinion, judgment 美国传统词典英汉 ver.dict AHD:[vûrʹdĭkt] D.J.[ˈvɜːdɪkt] K.K.[ˈvɝdɪkt] n.（名词） Law The finding of a jury in a trial. 【法律】裁定：审判中陪审团的裁决 An expressed conclusion; a judgment or an opinion: 定论；判断性意见：已表达的结论；判断或意见： the verdict of history. 历史的定论 ``` 语源 Middle English verdit 中古英语 verdit from Anglo-Norman 源自英法语 ver [true] from Latin vērus * see wēro- ver [真实的] 源自拉丁语 vērus *参见 wēro- dit [speech] from Latin dictum [from neuter past participle of] dīcere [to say] * see deik- dit [演讲] 源自拉丁语 dictum [] 源自dīcere的中性过去分词 [说] *参见 deik- 美国传统词典英英 ver·dict (vûrʹdĭkt) n. 1. Law. The finding of a jury in a trial. 2. An expressed conclusion; a judgment or opinion: the verdict of history. [Middle English verdit, from Anglo-Norman : ver, true (from Latin vērus. See wērə-o- in Indo-European Roots) + dit, speech (from Latin dictum, from neuter past participle of dīcere, to say. See deik- in Indo-European Roots).] Table of Contents ⇑TOP 牛津高阶英汉双解 verdict / ˈvɜːdɪkt; ˋvədɪkt/ n 1. decision reached by a jury on a question of fact in a law case （陪审团的）裁断, 裁决, 裁定: question/dispute a verdict 对裁断提出疑义[异议] * The jury returned/announced/brought in their verdict. 陪审团做出了裁断. * a verdict of guilty/not guilty 有罪[无罪]的裁断 * a majority verdict of 8 to 4 以8票对4票的多数通过的裁断. 2. (fig 比喻) decision or opinion given after testing, examining or experiencing sth （经过试验﹑ 检验或体验发表的）决定, 意见: the verdict of the electors 选举人的决定 * (infml 口) My wife's verdict on my cooking was very favourable. 我妻子认为我做的饭菜极好.

Answer 11

indict indict (v.) c.1300, from Anglo-Fr. enditer "accuse, indict" (late 13c.), O.Fr. enditer "to dictate or inform," from L.L. *indictare "to declare, proclaim in writing," from L. in- "in" (see in- (2)) + dictare "to say, compose in words" (see dictate). Retained its French pronunciation even after the spelling was re-Latinized c.1600. In classical Latin, indictus meant "not said, unsaid." Related: Indictable; indicted; indicting. 韦氏大学 in·dict \in-ˈdīt\ transitive verb Etymology: alteration of earlier indite, from Middle English inditen, from Anglo-French enditer to write, point out, indict — more at indite Date: circa 1626 1. : to charge with a fault or offense : criticize, accuse 2. : to charge with a crime by the finding or presentment of a jury (as a grand jury) in due form of law • in·dict·er or in·dict·or \-ˈdī-tər\ noun 美国传统词典英汉 in.dict AHD:[ĭn-dītʹ] D.J.[ɪnˈdaɪt] K.K.[ɪnˈdaɪt] v.tr.（及物动词） in.dict.ed, in.dict.ing, in.dicts To accuse of wrongdoing; charge: 控告，谴责：指责…的过错；控告： a book that indicts modern values. 一本谴责现代价值观的着作 Law To make a formal accusation or indictment against (a party) by the findings of a jury, especially a grand jury. 【法律】起诉：根据陪审团，尤指大陪审团的判决而（对一方当事人）提出的正式指控或控告语源 Alteration of Middle English enditen [to accuse, write a document] * see indite 中古英语 enditen的变化 [控诉，写起诉书] *参见 indite ``` 继承用法 in'dicteeʹ AHD:[ĭn'dī-tēʹ] （名词） indictʹer 或 indictʹor n.（名词）美国传统词典英英 in·dict (ĭn-dītʹ) tr.v. in·dict·ed, in·dict·ing, in·dicts 1. To accuse of wrongdoing; charge: a book that indicts modern values. 2. Law. To make a formal accusation or indictment against (a party) by the findings of a jury, especially a grand jury. ``` [Alteration of Middle English enditen, to accuse, write a document. See indite.] in'dict·eeʹ (ĭn'dī-tēʹ) n. in·dictʹer or in·dictʹor n. Table of Contents ⇑TOP 牛津高阶英汉双解 indict / ɪnˈdaɪt; ɪnˋdaɪt/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (for sth) (law 律) accuse sb officially (of sth); charge sb （就某事）控告﹑ 起诉或告发某人: He was indicted for murder/on three counts of murder. 他被控杀人[三项谋杀罪]. > indictable adj for which one may be indicted 可被控告或起诉的: indictable offences, ie that may be tried by a jury 可起诉的刑事罪（可由陪审团裁决的）. indictment n 1. [C] (a) ~ (against sb) written statement that indicts sb 起诉书; 诉状: bring in an indictment against sb 控告某人. (b) ~ of sb/sth (fig 比喻) reason for condemning sb/sth 谴责某人[某事物]的原因: The rise in delinquency is an indictment of our society and its values. 为非作歹现象有增无已, 这是对我们的社会及其价值观的控诉. 2. [U] indicting or being indicted 控诉; 控告.

Answer 12

``` Etymonline vindictive vindictive (adj.) 1610s, from L. vindicta "revenge" (see vindication). Related: Vindictively. 韦氏大学 vin·dic·tive \vin-ˈdik-tiv\ adjective Etymology: Latin vindicta revenge, vindication, from vindicare Date: 15th century 1. a. : disposed to seek revenge : vengeful b. : intended for or involving revenge 2. : intended to cause anguish or hurt : spiteful • vin·dic·tive·ly adverb • vin·dic·tive·ness noun 美国传统词典英汉 vin.dic.tive AHD:[vĭn-dĭkʹtĭv] D.J.[vɪnˈdɪktɪv] K.K.[vɪnˈdɪktɪv] adj.（形容词） Disposed to seek revenge; revengeful. 复仇的：有寻仇倾向的；报复性的 Marked by or resulting from a desire to hurt; spiteful. 恶意的，怀恨的：以意图伤害为标志的或因意图伤害而产生的；怀恨的 ``` ``` 语源 From Latin vindicta [vengeance] 源自拉丁语 vindicta [报仇] from vindex vindic- [surety, avenger] * see vindicate 源自 vindex vindic- [确实，报仇者] *参见 vindicate ``` 继承用法 vindicʹtively adv.（副词） vindicʹtiveness n.（名词）参考词汇 vindictive, vengeful, revengeful These adjectives mean desiring or proceeding from a desire for revenge. 这些形容词表示有报仇欲望的。 Vindictive suggests gratuitous or unmotivated rancor and a disposition to retaliate for wrongs, real or imagined: Vindictive 用于表示一种因真实的或想象中的冤屈而进行恶毒的或恶意的报复意向： “He seemed to take a vindictive pleasure in punishing the least shortcomings” (Mark Twain). “对于最微小的过失的处罚，他似乎从中得到一种报复性的快感” （马克·吐温）。 “Like many men whose self-love is wounded . . . he felt vindictive” (George Meredith). “象许多自尊受到伤害的人一样，他有报复感” （乔治·麦勒迪斯）。 Vengeful andrevengeful imply the impulse to inflict or the infliction of suffering or punishment as retribution for evil or an injury: Vengeful 和revengeful 表示作为对邪恶或伤害的报复或具有的折磨或施加苦难或惩罚的冲动： “the vengeful massacre of Toulon” (Joseph Conrad). 报复性的土伦大屠杀” （约瑟夫·康拉德）。 “I had a keen, revengeful sense of the insult” (Nathaniel Hawthorne). “我有一种强烈的、对侮辱进行报复的感觉” （纳沙尼尔·霍桑）美国传统词典英英 vin·dic·tive (vĭn-dĭkʹtĭv) adj. 1. Disposed to seek revenge; revengeful. 2. Marked by or resulting from a desire to hurt; spiteful. [From Latin vindicta, vengeance, from vindex, vindic-, surety, avenger. See vindicate.] vin·dicʹtive·ly adv. vin·dicʹtive·ness n. Table of Contents ⇑TOP 牛津高阶英汉双解 vindictive / vɪnˈdɪktɪv; vɪnˋdɪktɪv/ adj having or showing a desire for revenge; unforgiving 怀有或显示报复心的; 不宽恕的: vindictive people, acts, urges, comments 企图报复的人们﹑ 行为﹑ 心情﹑ 评语. > vindictively adv. vindictiveness n [U]: He withheld the letter out of sheer vindictiveness. 他扣下那封信纯粹是出于报复心理.

Answer 13

``` Etymonline feud feud (v.) 1670s, from feud (n.). Related: Feuded; feuding. Etymonline feud feud (n.) c.1300, fede "enmity, hatred, hostility," northern English and Scottish; perhaps from an unrecorded O.E. word or else from O.Fr. fede, from O.H.G. fehida "contention, quarrel, feud," from P.Gmc. *faihitha noun of state from adj. *faiho- (cf. O.E. fæhð "enmity," fah "hostile;" Ger. Fehde "feud;" O.Fris. feithe "enmity;" see foe). Sense of "vendetta" is early 15c. Alteration of spelling in 16c. is unexplained. 韦氏大学 feud I. \ˈfyüd\ noun Etymology: alteration of Middle English feide, from Anglo-French *faide, of Germanic origin; akin to Old High German fēhida hostility, feud, Old English fāh hostile — more at foe Date: 15th century : a mutual enmity or quarrel that is often prolonged or inveterate; especially : blood feud • feud intransitive verb II. noun Etymology: Medieval Latin feodum, feudum, alteration (probably influenced by Medieval Latin alodum, allodium land not subject to rent or service) of feo, feus, of Germanic origin; akin to Old High German fihu cattle — more at fee Date: 1614 : fee 1a 美国传统词典英汉 feud 1 AHD:[fy›d] D.J.[fjuːd] K.K.[fjud] n.（名词） A bitter, often prolonged quarrel or state of enmity, especially such a state of hostilities between two families or clans. 世仇：尤指部落或家族间怨恨的、常指长期的不和或敌对状态 v.intr.（不及物动词） feud.ed, feud.ing, feuds To carry on or perpetuate a bitter quarrel or state of enmity. 世代结仇，长期斗争：继续或延续互相怨恨的争斗或敌对状态 ``` ``` 语源 Alteration probably influenced by feud 2 可能受 feud2的影响 of Middle English fede 中古英语 fede的变化 from Old French faide 源自古法语 faide [of Germanic origin] [源于日耳曼语] feud 2 AHD:[fy›d] D.J.[fjuːd] K.K.[fjud] n.（名词） See fee 参见 fee ``` ``` 语源 Medieval Latin feudum 中世纪拉丁语 feudum [of Germanic origin] * see peku- [源于日耳曼语] *参见 peku- 美国传统词典英汉 feud. abbr.（略语） Feudal ,feudalism. Feudal,feudalism. 美国传统词典英英 I. feud1 (fyo͞od) n. A bitter, often prolonged quarrel or state of enmity, especially such a state of hostilities between two families or clans. intr.v. feud·ed, feud·ing, feuds To carry on or perpetuate a bitter quarrel or state of enmity. ``` [Alteration (probably influenced by feud2), of Middle English fede from Old French faide, of Germanic origin.] II. feud2 (fyo͞od) n. See fee. [Medieval Latin feudum, of Germanic origin. See peku- in Indo-European Roots.] Table of Contents ⇑TOP 牛津高阶英汉双解 feud / fjuːd; fjud/ n long and bitter quarrel between two people, families or groups （两人﹑ 家族或团体间的）长期不和, 世仇: a long-standing feud 夙怨 * Because of a family feud, he never spoke to his wife's parents for years. 由于两家不和, 他已多年不与岳父母说话.

Answer 14

``` foe foe (n.) O.E. gefa "foe, enemy, adversary in a blood feud" (the prefix denotes "mutuality"), from fah "at feud, hostile," from P.Gmc. *fakhaz (cf. O.H.G. fehan "to hate," Goth. faih "deception"), probably from PIE root *peig- "evil-minded, treacherous, hostile" (cf. Skt. pisunah "malicious," picacah "demon;" Gk. pikros "bitter;" Lith. piktas "wicked, angry," pekti "to blame"). Weaker sense of "adversary" is first recorded c.1600. 韦氏大学 foe \ˈfō\ noun Etymology: Middle English fo, from Old English fāh, from fāh, adjective, hostile; akin to Old High German gifēh hostile Date: before 12th century 1. : one who has personal enmity for another 2. a. : an enemy in war b. : adversary, opponent 3. : one who opposes on principle 4. : something prejudicial or injurious 韦氏大学 FOE abbreviation Fraternal Order of Eagles 美国传统词典英汉 foe AHD:[fō] D.J.[fəʊ] K.K.[fo] n.（名词） A personal enemy. 个人的仇敌 An enemy in war. 敌军：战场上的敌人 An adversary; an opponent: 对抗者；反对者： a foe of tax reform.See Synonyms at enemy 税制改革的反对者参见 enemy Something that serves to oppose, injure, or impede: 危害物，障碍物：用以反对、挫伤或阻碍的东西： endemic diseases that were the foe of economic development. 成为经济发展大敌的地方病 ``` ``` 语源 Middle English fo 中古英语 fo from Old English gefā 源自古英语 gefā from fāh [hostile] 源自 fāh [敌对的] ```

Answer 15

vengeance vengeance (n.) c.1300, from Anglo-Fr. vengeaunce, O.Fr. vengeance "revenge," from vengier "take revenge," from L. vindicare "to set free, claim, avenge" (see vindicate). Vengeance is mine, ... saith the Lord. Therefore if thine enemy hunger, feed him; if he thirst, give him drink; for in so doing thou shalt heap coals of fire upon his head. [Paul to the Romans, xii:19-20] 韦氏大学 ven·geance \ˈven-jən(t)s\ noun Etymology: Middle English, from Anglo-French, from venger to avenge, from Latin vindicare to lay claim to, avenge — more at vindicate Date: 14th century : punishment inflicted in retaliation for an injury or offense : retribution • - with a vengeance 美国传统词典英汉 ven.geance AHD:[vĕnʹjəns] D.J.[ˈvendʒəns] K.K.[ˈvɛndʒəns] n.（名词） Infliction of punishment in return for a wrong committed; retribution: 报复；复仇：为了报复所受的冤屈而施加惩罚；报应： “Something of vengeance I had tasted for the first time. An aromatic wine it seemed”(Charlotte Brontë) “我第一次尝到报复的滋味。它似乎是一种芳香的醇酒”(夏洛特·勃朗特) ``` 习惯用语 with a vengeance With great violence or force. 猛烈的；激烈的：带有极大的暴力或力量的 To an extreme degree: 极度地： December has turned cold with a vengeance. 十二月已经是透骨寒冷了 ``` ``` 语源 Middle English 中古英语 from Old French 源自古法语 from vengier [to avenge] 源自 vengier [报复] from Latin vindicāre * see vindicate 源自拉丁语 vindicāre *参见 vindicate 美国传统词典英英 ven·geance (vĕnʹjəns) n. Infliction of punishment in return for a wrong committed; retribution. Idiom: with a vengeance 1. With great violence or force. 2. To an extreme degree: December has turned cold with a vengeance. ``` [Middle English, from Old French, from vengier, to avenge, from Latin vindicāre. See vindicate.] Table of Contents ⇑TOP 牛津高阶英汉双解 vengeance / ˈvendʒəns; ˋvɛndʒəns/ n 1. [U] ~ (on/uponsb) paying back of an injury that one has suffered; revenge 报复; 报仇; 复仇: take/seek/swear vengeance for the bombing 因遭轰炸而进行[伺机/发誓]报复. 2. (idm 习语) with a `vengeance (infml 口) to a greater degree than is normal, expected or desired （比正常的﹑ 预期的或想要的）程度更深或更甚: set to work with a vengeance 加倍努力地干起活来 * The rain came down with a vengeance. 雨下得大极了.

Answer 16

``` Etymonline clamor clamor (v.) late 14c., from clamor (n.). Related: Clamored; clamoring. Etymonline clamor clamor (n.) late 14c., from O.Fr. clamour (12c., Mod.Fr. clameur), from L. clamor "a shout," from clamare "to cry out" (see claim (v.)). 韦氏大学 clam·or I. \ˈkla-mər\ noun Etymology: Middle English, from Anglo-French clamour, from Latin clamor, from clamare to cry out — more at claim Date: 14th century 1. a. : noisy shouting b. : a loud continuous noise 2. : insistent public expression (as of support or protest) II. verb (clam·ored ; clam·or·ing \ˈklam-riŋ, ˈkla-mər-iŋ\) Date: 14th century intransitive verb 1. : to make a din 2. : to become loudly insistent ``` ``` transitive verb 1. : to utter or proclaim insistently and noisily 2. : to influence by means of clamor III. transitive verb Etymology: origin unknown Date: 1611 obsolete : silence 美国传统词典英汉 clam.or AHD:[klămʹər] D.J.[ˈklæmə] K.K.[ˈklæmɚ] n.（名词） A loud outcry; a hubbub. 大的叫喊声；嘈杂声 A vehement expression of discontent or protest: 大声疾呼：对异议和抗议的强烈表示： a clamor in the press for pollution control. 在报纸上对污染控制的呼吁 A loud, sustained noise.See Synonyms at noise 大的、持久的噪声参见 noise v.（动词） clam.ored, clam.or.ing, clam.ors v.intr.（不及物动词） To make a loud, sustained noise or outcry. 喧闹，叫嚣：发出大的、持久的噪音或喊声 To make insistent demands or complaints: 坚持要求或抱怨： clamored for tax reforms. 呼喊税收改革 v.tr.（及物动词） To exclaim insistently and noisily: 固执地、吵嚷地主张： The representatives clamored their disapproval. 代表们吵嚷着不赞同 To influence or force by clamoring: 大声疾呼，强烈要求：通过固执地叫嚷来影响或迫使： clamored the mayor into resigning. 强烈要求市长下台 ``` ``` 语源 Middle English clamour 中古英语 clamour from Old French 源自古法语 from Latin clāmor [shout] 源自拉丁语 clāmor [叫喊] from clāmāre [to cry out] * see kelə- 2 源自 clāmāre [大声叫喊] *参见 kelə- 2 ```

Answer 17

impeach impeach (v.) late 14c., "to impede, hinder, prevent," from Anglo-Fr. empecher, O.Fr. empeechier "hinder" (12c., Mod.Fr. empêcher), from L.L. impedicare "to fetter, catch, entangle," from from assimilated form of in- "into, in" (see in- (2)) + L. pedica "shackle," from pes (gen. pedis) "foot." Sense of "accuse a public officer of misconduct" first recorded 1560s, perhaps via confusion with L. impetere "attack, accuse." Related: Impeached; impeaching. 韦氏大学 im·peach I. \im-ˈpēch\ transitive verb Etymology: Middle English empechen, from Anglo-French empecher, enpechier to ensnare, impede, prosecute, from Late Latin impedicare to fetter, from Latin in- + pedica fetter, from ped-, pes foot — more at foot Date: 14th century 1. a. : to bring an accusation against b. : to charge with a crime or misdemeanor; specifically : to charge (a public official) before a competent tribunal with misconduct in office c. : to remove from office especially for misconduct 2. : to cast doubt on; especially : to challenge the credibility or validity of • im·peach·able \-ˈpē-chə-bəl\ adjective • im·peach·ment \-ˈpēch-mənt\ noun II. noun Date: 1590 obsolete : charge, impeachment 牛津高阶英汉双解 impeach / ɪmˈpiːtʃ; ɪmˋpitʃ/ v 1. [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (forsth) accuse (a public official or politician) of committing a serious crime, esp one against the State 控告（公职人员或政治家）犯罪（尤指有害国家的）; 弹劾: The committeedecided to impeach the President. 委员会决定弹劾总统. * impeach a judge for taking bribes 控告法官受贿. 2. [Tn] (fml 文) raise doubts about (sth); question 对（某事物）怀疑; 提出异议: impeach sb's motives 怀疑某人的动机. > impeachable adj (of a crime) for which a public official or politician can be impeached （指罪行）可提出控告或弹劾的: an impeachable offence 可弹劾的过失. impeachment n [U]. 美国传统词典英汉

Answer 18

``` demeanor demeanor (n.) late 15c., from obsolete M.E. demean "handle, manage, conduct," later "behave in a certain way" (early 14c.), from O.Fr. demener (11c.) "to guide, conduct; to live, dwell," from de- "completely" (see de-) + mener "to lead, direct," from L. minare "to threaten," in L.L. "to drive (a herd of animals);" see menace. Sense in English evolved from notion of "conduct, manage" (oneself). Spelling changed by influence of nouns in -or, -our. 韦氏大学 de·mean·or \di-ˈmē-nər\ noun Etymology: demean (I) Date: 15th century : behavior toward others : outward manner Synonyms: see bearing ```

Answer 19

Etymonline declaim declaim (v.) late 14c., from M.Fr. déclamer and directly from L. declamare "to practice public speaking, to bluster," from de- intensive prefix + clamare "to cry, shout" (see claim (v.)). At first in English spelled declame, but altered under influence of claim. Related: Declaimed; declaiming. 韦氏大学 de·claim \di-ˈklām, dē-\ verb Etymology: Middle English declamen, from Latin declamare, from de- + clamare to cry out; akin to Latin calare to call — more at low Date: 14th century intransitive verb 1. : to speak rhetorically; specifically : to recite something as an exercise in elocution 2. : to speak pompously or bombastically : harangue transitive verb : to deliver rhetorically specifically : to recite in elocution • de·claim·er noun • dec·la·ma·tion \ˌde-klə-ˈmā-shən\ noun 牛津高阶英汉双解 declaim / dɪˈkleɪm; dɪˋklem/ v 1. [I, Tn] speak (sth) as if addressing an audience （像演讲般）说（话）: A preacher stood declaiming in the town centre. 传教士站在市镇中心慷慨陈词. * He declaims his poetry, ie recites it formally and with great feeling. 他朗诵自己的诗歌. 2. [Ipr] ~ against sb/sth attack sb/sth in words 抨击某人[某事物]: She wrote a book declaiming against our corrupt society. 她写了一本书抨击我们这腐败的社会.

Answer 20

reclaim reclaim (v.) c.1300, from O.Fr. reclamer "to call back, appeal to" (12c.), from L. reclamare "cry out against, appeal," from re- "opposite, against" (see re-) + clamare "cry out" (see claim (v.)). Meaning "bring waste land into useful condition" first attested 1764, probably via Middle English meaning "call back a hawk," on notion of "reduce to obedience." Related: Reclaimed; reclaiming. 韦氏大学 re·claim \ri-ˈklām\ transitive verb Etymology: Middle English reclamen, from Anglo-French reclamer, from Latin reclamare to cry out, protest, from re- + clamare to cry out — more at claim Date: 14th century 1. a. : to recall from wrong or improper conduct : reform b. : tame, subdue 2. a. : to rescue from an undesirable state; also : to restore to a previous natural state b. : to make available for human use by changing natural conditions 3. : to obtain from a waste product or by-product : recover 4. a. : to demand or obtain the return of b. : to regain possession of Synonyms: see rescue • re·claim·able \-ˈklā-mə-bəl\ adjective 牛津高阶英汉双解 reclaim / rɪˈkleɪm; rɪˋklem/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] 1. ~ sth (from sb/sth) recover possession of sth 恢复或收回某事物: reclaim tax, rent, lost property 取回税款﹑ 租金﹑ 失去的财物. 2. ~ sth (from sth) make (land) suitable for cultivation, eg by draining or irrigating it 开垦（土地）（如排水﹑ 灌溉以利耕种）: reclaimed marshland, desert, etc 经治理的沼泽地﹑ 沙漠等 * reclaim an area from the sea 填海造地. 3. ~ sb (from sth) (fml 文) win sb back or away from sin, error, etc; reform sb 挽救某人（不再犯罪﹑ 犯错等）; 改造某人: reclaim young offenders from a life of crime 挽救失足少年脱离罪恶的生活. 4. ~ sth (from sth) recover (raw material) from waste products （从废品中）回收（原料）: reclaim glass from old bottles 回收旧瓶子用以再造玻璃. Cf 参看 recycle. > reclamation / ˏrekləˈmeɪʃn; ˏrɛkləˋmeʃən/ n [U]. 美国传统词典英汉 re.claim AHD:[rĭ-klāmʹ] D.J.[rɪˈkleɪm] K.K.[rɪˈklem] v.tr.（及物动词） re.claimed, re.claim.ing, re.claims To bring into or return to a suitable condition for use, as cultivation or habitation: 开拓：将……带入或返回到可以使用的适当境况，如开垦或居住： reclaim marshlands; reclaim strip-mined land. 开垦沼泽地；开垦条状土地 To procure (usable substances) from refuse or waste products. 回收利用：从废物或废品中获取（可用之物质） To bring back, as from error, to a right or proper course; reform.See Synonyms at save 1 使改正：使从诸如错误中回到正确或合适的道路轨迹上来；改造参见 save1 To tame (a falcon, for example). 驯服：驯（例如，一只隼） ``` 语源 Middle English reclamen [to call back] 中古英语 reclamen [唤回] from Old French reclamer [to entreat] 源自古法语 reclamer [请求] from Latin reclāmāre 源自拉丁语 reclāmāre re- [re-] re- [前缀re-] clāmāre [to cry out] * see kelə- 2 clāmāre [喊出来] *参见 kelə- 2 ``` 继承用法 reclaimʹable adj.（形容词） reclaimʹant 或 reclaimʹer n.（名词）

Answer 21

Etymonline compatible compatible (adj.) mid-15c., from M.Fr. compatible (15c.), from M.L. compatibilis, from L.L. compati (see compassion). Related: Compatibility. 韦氏大学 com·pat·i·ble \kəm-ˈpa-tə-bəl\ adjective Etymology: Middle English, from Medieval Latin compatibilis, literally, sympathetic, from Late Latin compati Date: 15th century 1. : capable of existing together in harmony 2. : capable of cross-fertilizing freely or uniting vegetatively 3. : capable of forming a homogeneous mixture that neither separates nor is altered by chemical interaction 4. : capable of being used in transfusion or grafting without immunological reaction (as agglutination or tissue rejection) 5. : designed to work with another device or system without modification; especially : being a computer designed to operate in the same manner and use the same software as another computer • com·pat·i·bil·i·ty \-ˌpa-tə-ˈbi-lə-tē\ noun • compatible noun • com·pat·i·ble·ness \-ˈpa-tə-bəl-nəs\ noun • com·pat·i·bly \-blē\ adverb 牛津高阶英汉双解 compatible / kəmˈpætəbl; kəmˋpætəbl/ adj ~ (with sb/sth) (a) (of people, ideas, arguments, principles, etc) suited; that can exist together （指人﹑ 想法﹑ 论点﹑ 原则等）适合的; 适宜的; 能共存的; 符合的; 相容的: The couple separated because they were not compatible. 这对夫妻因不合而分居. * driving a car at a speed compatible with safety, ie at a safe speed 以符合安全要求的速度驾驶. (b) (of equipment) that can be used together （指设备）可协同使用的, 兼容的: This printer is compatible with most microcomputers. 这台打印机是与大多数微型电子计算机兼容的. > compatibility / kəmˏpætəˈbɪlətɪ; kəmˏpætəˋbɪlətɪ/ n [U] ~ (with sb/sth); ~ (between A and B) state of being compatible 适合; 共存; 符合; 相容.

Answer 22

Etymonline conciliate conciliate (v.) 1540s, from L. conciliatus, pp. of conciliare "to bring together, unite in feelings, make friendly," from concilium "council" (see council). Related: Conciliated; conciliating. 韦氏大学 con·cil·i·ate \kən-ˈsi-lē-ˌāt\ verb (-at·ed ; -at·ing) Etymology: Latin conciliatus, past participle of conciliare to assemble, unite, win over, from concilium assembly, council — more at council Date: 1545 transitive verb 1. : to gain (as goodwill) by pleasing acts 2. : to make compatible : reconcile 3. : appease intransitive verb : to become friendly or agreeable Synonyms: see pacify • con·cil·i·a·tion \-ˌsi-lē-ˈā-shən\ noun • con·cil·i·a·tive \-ˈsi-lē-ˌā-tiv\ adjective • con·cil·i·a·tor \-ˌā-tər\ noun • con·cil·ia·to·ry \-ˈsil-yə-ˌtȯr-ē, -ˈsi-lē-ə-\ adjective 牛津高阶英汉双解 conciliate / kənˈsɪlɪeɪt; kənˋsɪlɪˏet/ v 1. [Tn] make (sb) less angry or more friendly (esp by being pleasant or making some concessions) 使（某人）息怒或友好（尤指经抚慰或让步）; 安抚; 抚慰; 劝慰: conciliate outraged customers 劝慰盛怒的顾客. 2. [I, Ipr, Tn] ~ (between sb and sb) bring (people who are disagreeing) into agreement 使（有分歧的人）意见一致; 调解; 调停: conciliate (between) the parties in a dispute 调解双方（之间）的争端. > conciliation / kənˏsɪlɪˈeɪʃn; kənˏsɪlɪˋeʃən/ n [U] conciliating or being conciliated （受到）抚慰或调解: [attrib 作定语] A conciliation service helps to settle disputes between employers and workers. 调解机构协助解决劳资纠纷. conciliatory / kənˈsɪlɪətərɪ; US -tɔːrɪ; kənˋsɪlɪəˏtɔrɪ/ adj intended or likely to conciliate 意图或可能抚慰或调解的: a conciliatory gesture, smile, remark 愿和解的姿态﹑ 微笑﹑ 言语.

Answer 23

counsel counsel (n.) early 13c., from O.Fr. counseil (10c.) "advice, counsel; deliberation, thought," from L. consilium "plan, opinion" (see consultation). As a synonym for "lawyer," first attested late 14c. The verb is recorded from late 13c., from O.Fr. conseiller "to advise, counsel," from L. consiliari. Related: Counseled. Counseling "giving professional advice on social or psychological problems" dates from 1940. 韦氏大学 coun·sel I. \ˈkau̇n(t)-səl\ noun Etymology: Middle English conseil, from Anglo-French cunseil, from Latin consilium, from consulere to consult Date: 13th century 1. a. : advice given especially as a result of consultation b. : a policy or plan of action or behavior 2. : deliberation, consultation 3. a. archaic : purpose b. : guarded thoughts or intentions 4. a. plural counsel (1) : a lawyer engaged in the trial or management of a case in court (2) : a lawyer appointed to advise and represent in legal matters an individual client or a corporate and especially a public body b. : consultant 2 II. verb (-seled or -selled ; -sel·ing or coun·sel·ling \-s(ə-)liŋ\) Date: 14th century transitive verb : advise intransitive verb : consult 牛津高阶英汉双解 counsel1 / ˈkaunsl; ˋkaʊnsl/ n 1. [U] (fml 文) advice; suggestions 劝告; 建议: Listen to the counsel of your elders. 听从长辈的劝告吧. * wise counsel 高明的建议. 2. [C] (pl unchanged 复数不变) barrister conducting a law case 讼务律师: counsel for the defence/prosecution 被告[原告]的律师 * The court heard counsel for both sides. 法庭听取了双方律师的陈述. Cf 参看 King's Counsel (king). 3. (idm 习语) a counsel of per`fection advice that is very good but is difficult or impossible to follow 难以照办的好建议. hold/take counsel with sb (fml 文) consult sb 与某人商量. keep one's own `counsel keep one's opinions, plans, etc secret 将自己的意见﹑ 计划等保密. take `counsel together (fml 文) consult each other 共同商量. counsel2 / ˈkaunsl; ˋkaʊnsl/ v (-ll-; US also -l-) 1. [Tn] give professional advice to (sb with a problem) 向（某人）提供专业建议: a psychiatrist who counsels alcoholics 对酗酒者提出辅导的精神病科医生. 2. [Tn] give (the stated advice) 提出（劝告）: I would counsel caution in such a case. 我奉劝在此情况下务必小心. 3. [Dn.t] (fml 文) advise 劝告; 建议: He counselled them to give up the plan. 他建议他们放弃这项计划. > counselling / -səlɪŋ; -slɪŋ/ n [U] advice, esp from a professional person （尤指行家的）意见: psychiatric/financial counselling 精神辅导[财务谘询] * [attrib 作定语] a student counselling service 辅导学生的工作.

Answer 24

Etymonline deliberation deliberation (n.) late 14c., O.Fr. deliberation, from L. deliberationem (nom. deliberatio), from pp. stem of deliberare "weigh, consider well," from de- "entirely" (see de-) + -liberare, altered (perhaps by influence of liberare "liberate") from librare "to balance, weigh," from libra "scale." 韦氏大学 de·lib·er·a·tion \di-ˌli-bə-ˈrā-shən\ noun Date: 14th century 1. a. : the act of deliberating b. : a discussion and consideration by a group of persons (as a jury or legislature) of the reasons for and against a measure 2. : the quality or state of being deliberate • de·lib·er·a·tive \-ˈli-bə-ˌrā-tiv, -ˈli-b(ə-)rə-\ adjective • de·lib·er·a·tive·ly adverb • de·lib·er·a·tive·ness noun 牛津高阶英汉双解 deliberation / dɪˏlɪbəˈreɪʃn; dɪˏlɪbəˋreʃən/ n 1. [U, C] careful consideration or discussion 仔细的考虑或商议; 审议: After long deliberation, they decided not to buy. 他们商量了很长时间后, 决定不买了. * What was the result of your deliberation(s)? 你仔细考虑后结果如何? 2. [U] slowness of movement; carefulness 缓慢; 从容; 审慎: speak, take aim, walk with great deliberation 从容不迫地说﹑ 瞄准﹑ 散步.

Answer 25

``` Etymonline reconcile reconcile (v.) c.1300, of persons, from L. reconcilare "to bring together again," from re- "again" (see re-) + concilare "make friendly" (see conciliate). Reflexive sense is recorded from 1530s. Meaning "to make (discordant facts or statements) consistent" is from 1560s. Related: Reconciled; reconciling. 韦氏大学 rec·on·cile \ˈre-kən-ˌsī(-ə)l\ verb (-ciled ; -cil·ing) Etymology: Middle English, from Anglo-French or Latin; Anglo-French reconciler, from Latin reconciliare, from re- + conciliare to conciliate Date: 14th century transitive verb 1. a. : to restore to friendship or harmony ``` b. : settle, resolve 2. : to make consistent or congruous 3. : to cause to submit to or accept something unpleasant 4. a. : to check (a financial account) against another for accuracy b. : to account for intransitive verb : to become reconciled Synonyms: see adapt • rec·on·cil·abil·i·ty \ˌre-kən-ˌsī-lə-ˈbi-lə-tē\ noun • rec·on·cil·able \ˌre-kən-ˈsī-lə-bəl, ˈre-kən-ˌ\ adjective • rec·on·cile·ment \ˈre-kən-ˌsī(-ə)l-mənt\ noun • rec·on·cil·er noun

Answer 26

``` ec.cle.si.a AHD:[ĭ-klēʹzhē-ə, -zē-ə] D.J.[ɪˈkliːʒiːə, -ziːə] K.K.[ɪˈkliʒiə, -ziə] n.（名词）【复数】 ec.cle.si.ae[-zhē-ē', -zē-ē'] The political assembly of citizens of an ancient Greek state. 市民议会：古希腊国家的公民政治集会 A church or congregation. 教友会：教堂或教堂会众 ``` ``` 语源 Latin ecclēsia 拉丁语 ecclēsia from Greek ekklēsia 源自希腊语 ekklēsia from ekkalein [to summon forth] 源自 ekkalein [召集] ek- [out] * see ecto- ek- [出] *参见 ecto- kalein klē- [to call] * see kelə- 2 kalein klē- [呼唤] *参见 kelə- 2 ```

Answer 27

chi·a·ro·scu·ro (kē-är'ə-sko͝orʹō, -skyo͝orʹō) n. pl. chi·a·ro·scu·ros In all senses also called claire-obscure. 1. The technique of using light and shade in pictorial representation. 2. The arrangement of light and dark elements in a pictorial work of art. 3. a. A woodcut technique in which several blocks are used to print different shades of a color. b. A woodcut print made by this technique. [Italian : chiaro, bright, light (from Latin clārus, clear. See kelə-2 in Indo-European Roots) + oscuro, dark (from Latin obscūrus. See (s)keu- in Indo-European Roots).] chi·a'ro·scuʹrist n. Table of Contents ⇑TOP

Answer 28

``` Etymonline hale hale (adj.) "healthy," O.E. hal "healthy, entire, uninjured" (see health). The Scottish and northern English form of whole; it was given a literary sense of "free from infirmity" (1734). Related: Haleness. Etymonline hale hale (v.) c.1200, "drag; summon," in Middle English used of arrows, bowstrings, reins, anchors, from O.Fr. haler "to pull, haul" (12c.), from a Germanic source, perhaps Frankish *halon or O.Du. halen; probably also from O.E. geholian "obtain" (see haul). Figurative sense of "to draw (someone) from one condition to another" is late 14c. Related: Haled; haling. 韦氏大学 Hale I. \ˈhāl\ biographical name Edward Everett 1822-1909 American Unitarian clergyman & writer II. biographical name George Ellery 1868-1938 American astronomer III. biographical name Sir Matthew 1609-1676 English jurist IV. biographical name Nathan 1755-1776 American Revolutionary hero 韦氏大学 hale I. \ˈhāəl\ adjective Etymology: partly from Middle English (northern) hale, from Old English hāl; partly from Middle English hail, from Old Norse heill — more at whole Date: before 12th century : free from defect, disease, or infirmity : sound; also : retaining exceptional health and vigor Synonyms: see healthy II. transitive verb (haled ; hal·ing) Etymology: Middle English halen, from Anglo-French haler, aler — more at haul Date: 13th century 1. : haul, pull 2. : to compel to go 牛津高阶英汉双解 hale / heɪl; hel/ adj (idm 习语) hale and `hearty (esp of an old person) strong and healthy （尤指老年人）健壮的; 矍铄的. 美国传统词典英汉 hale 1 AHD:[hāl] D.J.[heɪl] K.K.[hel] adj.（形容词） hal.er, hal.est Free from infirmity or illness; sound.See Synonyms at healthy 健壮的：没有衰弱和疾病现象的；健康的参见 healthy ``` ``` 语源 Middle English 中古英语 from Old English hāl * see kailo- 源自古英语 hāl *参见 kailo- ``` ``` 继承用法 haleʹness n.（名词） hale 2 AHD:[hāl] D.J.[heɪl] K.K.[hel] v.tr.（及物动词） haled, hal.ing, hales To compel to go: 迫使…去： “In short order the human rights campaign was haled before a high court of indignation”(Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr.) “没过多久，这个人权运动就被人告到高等法院”(小阿瑟M.施莱辛格) Archaic To pull, draw, drag, or hoist. 【古语】拉，拖，拽，或吊起 ``` ``` 语源 Middle English halen [to pull, drag] 中古英语 halen [拉，拽] from Old French haler 源自古法语 haler [of Germanic origin] * see kelə- 2 [来源于日耳曼语] *参见 kelə- 2 ```

Answer 29

``` Etymonline haul haul (n.) 1660s, "act of hauling," from haul (v.). Meaning "something gained" is from 1776, perhaps on notion of "drawing" a profit, or of the catch from hauling fishing nets. Meaning "distance over which something must be hauled" (usually with long or short) is attested from 1873. 韦氏大学 haul I. \ˈhȯl\ verb Etymology: Middle English halen to pull, from Anglo-French haler, of Germanic origin; akin to Middle Dutch halen to pull; akin to Old English geholian to obtain Date: 13th century transitive verb 1. a. : to exert traction on : draw ``` b. : to obtain or move by or as if by hauling c. : to transport in a vehicle : cart 2. : to change the course of (a ship) especially so as to sail closer to the wind 3. : to bring before an authority for interrogation or judgment : hale ``` intransitive verb 1. : to exert traction : pull 2. : to move along : proceed 3. : to furnish transportation 4. of the wind : shift • - haul ass II. noun Date: 1670 1. a. : the act or process of hauling : pull b. : a device for hauling 2. a. : the result of an effort to obtain, collect, or win ``` b. : the quantity of fish taken in a single draft of a net 3. a. : transportation by hauling b. : the length or course of a transportation route c. : a quantity transported : load 牛津高阶英汉双解 haul / hɔːl; hɔl/ v 1. [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] pull or drag (sth) with effort or force 用力拖或拉（某物）: sailors hauling (away) (on the ropes) 拽着（绳索）（不放）的水手 * elephants hauling logs 拖运木材的象 * haul a car out of the mud 把小汽车从烂泥里拽出来 * They hauled the boat up the beach. 他们把船拖上岸. =>Usage at pull2 用法见pull2. 2. [Tn] transport (sth) by lorry, etc 用卡车等运送（某物）. 3. (idm 习语) ,haul sb over the `coals (infml 口) reprimand sb severely 严厉斥责某人: I was hauled over the coals for being late. 我因迟到而受到了严厉的训斥. 4. (phr v) haul sb up (before sb) (infml 口) bring sb to be tried or reprimanded 把某人带上来审问或训斥: He was hauled up before the local magistrates for disorderly conduct. 他因妨害治安被送交地方法官究办. > haul n 1 act of hauling 拖; 拉; 运送. 2 (usu sing 通常作单数) distance to be travelled 移动的距离: short/medium/long haul aircraft 短程[中程/远程]运输飞机 * Our camp is only a short haul from here. 我们的营地近在咫尺. 3 (a) quantity of fish caught in a net at one time 一网的捕鱼量: The fishermen had a good haul. 渔民捕得满满一网鱼. (b) (fig 比喻) amount gained by effort 经努力获得的数量: The thief got away with a huge haul. 那个贼偷走了大量财物. 4 (idm 习语) a long haul => long1.

Answer 30

``` overhaul (n.) 1826, from overhaul (v.). Etymonline overhaul overhaul (v.) 1620s, from over- + haul (v.); originally nautical, "pull rigging apart for examination," which was done by slackening the rope by hauling in the opposite direction to that in which it is pulled in hoisting. Replaced overhale in sense of "overtake" (1793). Related: Overhauled; overhauling. 韦氏大学 over·haul \ˌō-vər-ˈhȯl\ transitive verb Date: 1705 1. a. : to examine thoroughly b. (1) : repair (2) : to renovate, remake, revise, or renew thoroughly 2. : to haul or drag over 3. : overtake • over·haul \ˈō-vər-ˌhȯl\ noun 牛津高阶英汉双解 overhaul / ˏəuvəˈhɔːl; ˏovɚˋhɔl/ v [Tn] 1. examine (sth) carefully and thoroughly and make any necessary repairs 彻底检修（某物）: have the engine of a car overhauled 检修汽车的发动机 * (fig 比喻) The language syllabus needs to be completely overhauled. 那个语言教学大纲需全面修订. 2. catch up with and overtake (sth) 追上并超过（某事物）: The fast cruiser soon overhauled the old cargo boat. 快速巡逻艇迅即赶上那艘旧货船. > overhaul / ˈəuvəhɔːl; ˋovɚˏhɔl/ n thorough examinationfollowed by any necessary repairs 彻底检修; 大修: I've taken my typewriter in for an overhaul. 我已把打字机拿去彻底检修了. * The engine is due for an overhaul. 那台发动机该大修了. * (infml joc 口, 谑) I'm going to the doctor for my annual overhaul, ie physical examination. 我要到医生那里作年度身体检查. ```

Answer 31

overtake overtake (v.) "to come up to, to catch in pursuit," early 13c., from over- + take (v.). According to OED, originally "the running down and catching of a fugitive or beast of chase"; it finds the sense of over- in this word "not so clear." Related: Overtaken; overtaking. Old English had oferniman "to take away, carry off, seize, ravish." 韦氏大学 over·take \ˌō-vər-ˈtāk\ transitive verb (over·took \-ˈtu̇k\ ; over·tak·en \-ˈtā-kən\ ; -tak·ing) Etymology: Middle English, from over (I) + taken to take Date: 13th century 1. a. : to catch up with b. : to catch up with and pass by 2. : to come upon suddenly 牛津高阶英汉双解 overtake / ˏəuvəˈteɪk; ˏovɚˋtek/ v (pt overtook / -ˈtuk;-ˋtʊk/ pp overtaken / -ˈteɪkən; -ˋtekən/) 1. [I, Tn] come level with and pass (esp a moving person or vehicle) 追上, 超越（尤指运动着的人或车）: It's dangerous to overtake on a bend. 在转弯处超车十分危险. * overtake other cars on the road 在路上超越其他汽车 * ( fig 比喻) Supply will soon overtake demand, ie There will soon be more of sth than is needed. 供很快就要过于求. *Italy's economy has overtaken that of its nearest competitors.意大利的经济已超过其最接近的几个竞争者. 2. [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态] (of unpleasant events) come to (sb/sth) suddenly and unexpectedly（指不愉快的事情）突然降临（某人[某事物]）: be overtaken by/with fear, surprise, etc 不胜恐惧﹑ 惊奇等 * be overtaken by events, ie by circumstances changing so rapidly that plans, etc become out of date 受意外事情影响（情况剧变以致计画过时等） * Disaster overtook the project. 工程为突发灾难所阻. * On his way home he was overtaken by a storm. 他在回家的路上遭遇暴风雨.

Answer 32

nomenclature nomenclature (n.) c.1600, "a name," from M.Fr. nomenclature (16c.), from L. nomenclatura "calling of names," from nomenclator "namer," from nomen "name" (see name (n.)) + calator "caller, crier," from calare "call out" (see claim (v.)). Nomenclator in Rome was the title of a steward whose job was to announce visitors, and also of a prompter who helped a stumping politician recall names and pet causes of his constituents. Meaning "list or catalogue of names" first attested 1630s; that of "system of naming" is from 1660s; sense of "terminology of a science" is from 1789. 韦氏大学 no·men·cla·ture \ˈnō-mən-ˌklā-chər also nō-ˈmen-klə-ˌchu̇r, -ˈmeŋ-, -chər, -ˌtyu̇r, -ˌtu̇r\ noun Etymology: Latin nomenclatura assigning of names, from nomen + calatus, past participle of calare Date: 1610 1. : name, designation 2. : the act or process or an instance of naming 3. a. : a system or set of terms or symbols especially in a particular science, discipline, or art b. : an international system of standardized New Latin names used in biology for kinds and groups of kinds of animals and plants • no·men·cla·tur·al \ˌnō-mən-ˈklāch-rəl, -ˈklā-chə-\ adjective 牛津高阶英汉双解 nomenclature / nəˈmenklətʃə(r); US ˈnəumənkleɪtʃər; ˋnomənˏkletʃɚ/ n (fml 文) (a) [C, U] system of naming, esp in a particular branch of science 命名法（尤指某学科的）: botanical nomenclature 植物命名法 * the nomenclature of chemistry 化学术语命名法. (b) [U] names used in such a system （依命名法采用的）名称, 学名.

Answer 33

nomenclature nomenclature (n.) c.1600, "a name," from M.Fr. nomenclature (16c.), from L. nomenclatura "calling of names," from nomenclator "namer," from nomen "name" (see name (n.)) + calator "caller, crier," from calare "call out" (see claim (v.)). Nomenclator in Rome was the title of a steward whose job was to announce visitors, and also of a prompter who helped a stumping politician recall names and pet causes of his constituents. Meaning "list or catalogue of names" first attested 1630s; that of "system of naming" is from 1660s; sense of "terminology of a science" is from 1789. 韦氏大学 no·men·cla·ture \ˈnō-mən-ˌklā-chər also nō-ˈmen-klə-ˌchu̇r, -ˈmeŋ-, -chər, -ˌtyu̇r, -ˌtu̇r\ noun Etymology: Latin nomenclatura assigning of names, from nomen + calatus, past participle of calare Date: 1610 1. : name, designation 2. : the act or process or an instance of naming 3. a. : a system or set of terms or symbols especially in a particular science, discipline, or art b. : an international system of standardized New Latin names used in biology for kinds and groups of kinds of animals and plants • no·men·cla·tur·al \ˌnō-mən-ˈklāch-rəl, -ˈklā-chə-\ adjective 牛津高阶英汉双解 nomenclature / nəˈmenklətʃə(r); US ˈnəumənkleɪtʃər; ˋnomənˏkletʃɚ/ n (fml 文) (a) [C, U] system of naming, esp in a particular branch of science 命名法（尤指某学科的）: botanical nomenclature 植物命名法 * the nomenclature of chemistry 化学术语命名法. (b) [U] names used in such a system （依命名法采用的）名称, 学名.

Answer 34

denounce denounce (v.) early 14c., "announce," from O.Fr. denoncier (12c., Mod.Fr. dénoncer), from L. denuntiare "to announce, proclaim; denounce, menace; command, order," from de- "down" + nuntiare "proclaim, announce," from nuntius "messenger" (see nuncio). Negative sense in English via meaning "to declare or proclaim" something as cursed, excommunicated, forgiven, removed from office. Related: Denounced; denouncing. 韦氏大学 de·nounce \di-ˈnau̇n(t)s, dē-\ transitive verb (de·nounced ; de·nounc·ing) Etymology: Middle English, from Anglo-French denuncier to proclaim, from Latin denuntiare, from de- + nuntiare to report — more at announce Date: 13th century 1. : to pronounce especially publicly to be blameworthy or evil 2. archaic a. : proclaim b. : to announce threateningly 3. : to inform against : accuse 4. obsolete : portend 5. : to announce formally the termination of (as a treaty) Synonyms: see criticize • de·nounce·ment \-ˈnau̇n(t)-smənt\ noun • de·nounc·er noun 牛津高阶英汉双解 denounce / dɪˈnauns; dɪˋnaʊns/ v 1. (a) [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.a] ~ sb (to sb) (as sth) give information (to the authorities) against sb （向当局）告发某人: An informer denounced him to the police (as a terrorist). 检举人已向警方告发他（是恐怖分子）. (b) [Tn, Cn.a] ~ sb/sth (as sth) say that sb/sth is wrong, unlawful, etc 谴责; 指责; 斥责: She strongly denounced the Government's hypocrisy. 她强烈谴责政府虚伪. * Union officials denounced the action as a breach of the agreement. 工会负责人谴责这一行动破坏了协议. 2. [Tn] announce one's withdrawal from (a treaty, etc) 宣布退出（条约等）. 美国传统词典英汉

Answer 35

denounce denounce (v.) early 14c., "announce," from O.Fr. denoncier (12c., Mod.Fr. dénoncer), from L. denuntiare "to announce, proclaim; denounce, menace; command, order," from de- "down" + nuntiare "proclaim, announce," from nuntius "messenger" (see nuncio). Negative sense in English via meaning "to declare or proclaim" something as cursed, excommunicated, forgiven, removed from office. Related: Denounced; denouncing. 韦氏大学 de·nounce \di-ˈnau̇n(t)s, dē-\ transitive verb (de·nounced ; de·nounc·ing) Etymology: Middle English, from Anglo-French denuncier to proclaim, from Latin denuntiare, from de- + nuntiare to report — more at announce Date: 13th century 1. : to pronounce especially publicly to be blameworthy or evil 2. archaic a. : proclaim b. : to announce threateningly 3. : to inform against : accuse 4. obsolete : portend 5. : to announce formally the termination of (as a treaty) Synonyms: see criticize • de·nounce·ment \-ˈnau̇n(t)-smənt\ noun • de·nounc·er noun 牛津高阶英汉双解 denounce / dɪˈnauns; dɪˋnaʊns/ v 1. (a) [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.a] ~ sb (to sb) (as sth) give information (to the authorities) against sb （向当局）告发某人: An informer denounced him to the police (as a terrorist). 检举人已向警方告发他（是恐怖分子）. (b) [Tn, Cn.a] ~ sb/sth (as sth) say that sb/sth is wrong, unlawful, etc 谴责; 指责; 斥责: She strongly denounced the Government's hypocrisy. 她强烈谴责政府虚伪. * Union officials denounced the action as a breach of the agreement. 工会负责人谴责这一行动破坏了协议. 2. [Tn] announce one's withdrawal from (a treaty, etc) 宣布退出（条约等）. 美国传统词典英汉

Answer 36

``` enun·ci·ate \ē-ˈnən(t)-sē-ˌāt\ verb (-at·ed ; -at·ing) Etymology: Latin enuntiatus, past participle of enuntiare to report, declare, from e- + nuntiare to report — more at announce Date: 1623 transitive verb 1. a. : to make a definite or systematic statement of b. : announce, proclaim ``` 2. : articulate, pronounce intransitive verb : to utter articulate sounds • enun·cia·ble \-ˈnən(t)-sē-ə-bəl, -ˈnən-ch(ē-)ə-\ adjective • enun·ci·a·tion \-ˌnən(t)-sē-ˈā-shən\ noun • enun·ci·a·tor \-ˈnən(t)-sē-ˌā-tər\ noun 牛津高阶英汉双解 enunciate / ɪˈnʌnsɪeɪt; ɪˋnʌnsɪˏet/ v 1. [I, Tn] say or pronounce (words or sounds) clearly （清晰地）念（字）, 发（音）: That actor enunciates very well. 那演员发音很清晰. * She enunciated each word slowly for her students. 她把每个字都给学生慢慢念清楚. 2. [Tn] express(a theory, etc) clearly or distinctly 阐明（理论等）: He is always willing to enunciate his opinions on the subject of politics. 他总是愿意对政治问题发表意见.> enunciation / ɪˏnʌnsɪˈeɪʃn; ɪˏnʌnsɪˋeʃən/ n [C, U].

Answer 37

pro·nounce \prə-ˈnau̇n(t)s\ verb (pro·nounced ; pro·nounc·ing) Etymology: Middle English, from Anglo-French pronuncier, from Latin pronuntiare, from pro- forth + nuntiare to report, from nuntius messenger — more at pro- Date: 14th century transitive verb 1. : to declare officially or ceremoniously 2. : to declare authoritatively or as an opinion 3. a. : to employ the organs of speech to produce especially : to say correctly pronounceable / -əbl; -əbl/ adj (of sounds or words) that can be pronounced （指声音）发得出的; （指词）可发音的: I find some of the place-names barely pronounceable. 我发现有些地名简直没法念. pronounced adj 1 very noticeable 非常明显的: a pronounced limp 明显的跛行. 2 (of opinions, views, etc) strongly felt; definite （指意见﹑ 观点等）被充分感知的, 明确的: She has very pronounced views on the importance of correct spelling. 她极力主张拼写正确是十分重要的. pronouncedly adv. pronouncement n ~ (on sth) formal statement or declaration 公告; 声明: There has been no official pronouncement yet on the state of the president's health. 官方尚未就总统的健康状况发表公告.

Answer 38

``` pro.nounced AHD:[prə-nounstʹ] D.J.[prəˈnaʊnst] K.K.[prəˈnaʊnst] adj.（形容词） Abbr. pron.Spoken; voiced. 缩写 pron.发出音的；被说出来的 Strongly marked; distinct: 明显的：有很强烈的特征的；明显的： walks with a pronounced limp. 行走时明显瘸的 ``` 继承用法 pronouncʹedly AHD:[-nounʹsĭd-lē] （副词） pronouncʹedness n.（名词）

Answer 39

re·nounce \ri-ˈnau̇n(t)s\ verb (re·nounced ; re·nounc·ing) Etymology: Middle English, from Anglo-French renuncer, from Latin renuntiare, from re- + nuntiare to report, from nuntius messenger Date: 14th century transitive verb 1. : to give up, refuse, or resign usually by formal declaration 2. : to refuse to follow, obey, or recognize any further : repudiate intransitive verb 1. : to make a renunciation 2. : to fail to follow suit in a card game Synonyms: see abdicate, abjure • re·nounce·ment \-ˈnau̇n(t)s-mənt\ noun • re·nounc·er noun 牛津高阶英汉双解 renounce / rɪˈnauns; rɪˋnaʊns/ v (fml 文) 1. [Tn] (a) agree to give up ownership or possession of (sth), esp formally 同意放弃（某事物）的所有权或占有权（尤指正式地）: renounce a claim, title, right, privilege 宣布放弃要求﹑ 头衔﹑ 权利﹑ 特权. (b) give up (esp a habit) voluntarily; abandon 自愿放弃（尤指习惯）; 抛弃: renounce strong drink, cigarettes, dangerous driving 戒酒﹑ 戒烟﹑ 改掉危险驾驶的习惯 * They've renounced their old criminal way of life. 他们已改变了过去那种罪恶的生活方式. * I soon renounced all thought of getting home before dark. 我不久就完全打消了天黑以前赶到家里的想法. 2. [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (for sth) reject or stop following sb/sth; repudiate sb/sth 摈弃或背弃某人[某事物]; 拒绝承认: renounce Satan and all his works 摈弃撒旦及一切罪恶 * renounce terrorism, drugs, etc 唾弃恐怖主义﹑ 毒品等 * renounce a treaty, an agreement, etc废除条约﹑ 协定等 * renounce one's earlier ideals, principles, convictions, etc 背弃原先的理想﹑ 原则﹑ 信仰等 * She renounced Islam for/in favour of Christianity. 她不再信伊斯兰教而改信基督教. 3. [Tn] refuse to associate with or acknowledge (esp sth/sb with a claim to one's care, affection, etc) 拒绝与（某事物[某人]）发生联系; 与（某事物[某人]）断绝关系: renounce a friendship 绝交 * He renounced his son (as an unworthy heir). 他与儿子断绝了父子关系（认为他不配作继承人）. > renouncement n [U] = renunciation 1.

Answer 40

ver·bal I. \ˈvər-bəl\ adjective Etymology: Middle English verbale, from Late Latin verbalis, from Latin verbum word Date: 15th century 1. a. : of, relating to, or consisting of words b. : of, relating to, or involving words rather than meaning or substance c. : consisting of or using words only and not involving action 2. : of, relating to, or formed from a verb 3. : spoken rather than written 4. : verbatim, word-for-word 5. : of or relating to facility in the use and comprehension of words • ver·bal·ly \-bə-lē\ adverb II. noun Date: 1530 : a word that combines characteristics of a verb with those of a noun or adjective — compare gerund, infinitive, participle 牛津高阶英汉双解 verbal / ˈvɜːbl; ˋvəbl/ adj 1. of or in words 词语的; 言语的; 文字的; 用言语的; 用文字的: verbal skills, ie reading and writing 阅读和书写的技能 * non-verbal communication,ie gestures, facial expressions, etc 非言语交际（手势﹑ 面部表情等）. 2. spoken, not written 口头的（非书面的）: a verbal explanation, agreement, warning, reminder, etc 口头解释﹑ 协议﹑ 警告﹑ 提示等. 3. word for word; literal 逐字的; 一字不差的: a verbal translation 逐字的翻译. 4. (grammar) of verbs 动词的: a noun performing a verbal function 起动词作用的名词. > verbally / ˈvɜːbəlɪ; ˋvəblɪ/ adv in spoken words, not in writing 口头上（非书面形式）. # verbal `noun (also gerund) noun derived from a verb, eg swimming in the sentence Swimming is a good form of exercise 动名词（如在Swimming is a good form of exercise句中的swimming）.

Answer 41

ver·bal I. \ˈvər-bəl\ adjective Etymology: Middle English verbale, from Late Latin verbalis, from Latin verbum word Date: 15th century 1. a. : of, relating to, or consisting of words b. : of, relating to, or involving words rather than meaning or substance c. : consisting of or using words only and not involving action 2. : of, relating to, or formed from a verb 3. : spoken rather than written 4. : verbatim, word-for-word 5. : of or relating to facility in the use and comprehension of words • ver·bal·ly \-bə-lē\ adverb II. noun Date: 1530 : a word that combines characteristics of a verb with those of a noun or adjective — compare gerund, infinitive, participle 牛津高阶英汉双解 verbal / ˈvɜːbl; ˋvəbl/ adj 1. of or in words 词语的; 言语的; 文字的; 用言语的; 用文字的: verbal skills, ie reading and writing 阅读和书写的技能 * non-verbal communication,ie gestures, facial expressions, etc 非言语交际（手势﹑ 面部表情等）. 2. spoken, not written 口头的（非书面的）: a verbal explanation, agreement, warning, reminder, etc 口头解释﹑ 协议﹑ 警告﹑ 提示等. 3. word for word; literal 逐字的; 一字不差的: a verbal translation 逐字的翻译. 4. (grammar) of verbs 动词的: a noun performing a verbal function 起动词作用的名词. > verbally / ˈvɜːbəlɪ; ˋvəblɪ/ adv in spoken words, not in writing 口头上（非书面形式）. # verbal `noun (also gerund) noun derived from a verb, eg swimming in the sentence Swimming is a good form of exercise 动名词（如在Swimming is a good form of exercise句中的swimming）.

Answer 42

``` verbose verbose (adj.) 1540s (implied in verbosity), from L. verbosus "full of words, wordy," from verbum "word" (see verb). 韦氏大学 ver·bose \(ˌ)vər-ˈbōs\ adjective Etymology: Latin verbosus, from verbum Date: 1672 1. : containing more words than necessary : wordy also : impaired by wordiness 2. : given to wordiness Synonyms: see wordy • ver·bose·ly adverb • ver·bose·ness noun • ver·bos·i·ty \-ˈbä-sə-tē\ noun 牛津高阶英汉双解 verbose / vɜːˈbəus; vəˋbos/ adj (fml 文) using or containing more words than are needed 冗长的: a verbose speaker, speech, style 言词冗赘的演讲者﹑ 讲话﹑ 文体. > verbosely adv. verbosity / vɜːˈbɔsətɪ; vəˋbɑsətɪ/ n [U] (fml 文) state or quality of being verbose 冗长. ```

Answer 43

prov·erb I. \ˈprä-ˌvərb\ noun Etymology: Middle English proverbe, from Anglo-French, from Latin proverbium, from pro- + verbum word — more at word Date: 14th century 1. : a brief popular epigram or maxim : adage 2. : byword 4 II. transitive verb Date: 14th century 1. : to speak of proverbially 2. obsolete : to provide with a proverb 牛津高阶英汉双解 proverb / ˈprɔvɜːb; ˋprɑvəb/ n short well-known saying that states a general truth or gives advice, eg `It takes two to make a quarrel' or `Don't put all your eggs in one basket' 谚语, 格言（精练的俗语, 或为普遍道理或为劝戒语, 如‘一个巴掌拍不响’或‘不要把全部家当放在一处’）: the Book of Proverbs, ie one of the books of the Old Testament containing the proverbs of Solomon 《箴言》（《圣经?旧约》中的一卷书）. > proverbial / prəˈvɜːbɪəl; prəˋvəbɪəl/ adj 1. of, like or expressed in a proverb 谚语的; 如同谚语的; 谚语所表达的: proverbial sayings, wisdom 谚语﹑ 谚语表达的智慧 * He is the proverbial square peg in a round hole. 他正是谚语中所说的那种方枘圆凿不得其所的人. 2. widely known and talked about 众所周知的: His stupidity is proverbial. 他其蠢无比是人所共知的. * I decided not to ask her for a loan in view of her proverbial meanness. 因为她小气得出了名, 我决定不找她借钱. proverbially/-bIElI; -bIElI/ adv.

Answer 44

``` by·word \-ˌwərd\ noun Date: before 12th century 1. : a proverbial saying : proverb 2. a. : one that personifies a type b. : one that is noteworthy or notorious 3. : epithet 4. : a frequently used word or phrase 牛津高阶英汉双解 byword / ˈbaɪwɜːd; ˋbaɪˏwəd/ n 1. ~ for sth person or thing considered to be a notable or typical example of a quality 代表某种品性的人或事物: His name has becomea byword for cruelty. 他的名字成了残酷无情的别称. * The firm is a byword for excellence. 这家商号是优质的保证. 2. common saying or expression 俗语; 谚语. ```

Answer 45

ver·ba·tim I. \(ˌ)vər-ˈbā-təm\ adverb Etymology: Middle English, from Medieval Latin, from Latin verbum word Date: 15th century : in the exact words : word for word II. adjective Date: 1737 : being in or following the exact words : word-for-word 牛津高阶英汉双解 verbatim / vɜːˈbeɪtɪm; vəˋbetɪm/ adj, adv exactly as spoken or written; word for word 一字不差（的）; 逐字（的）: a verbatim report 一字不差的报告 * report a speechverbatim 逐字报道一篇讲话.

Answer 46

vowel (n.) c.1300, from O.Fr. vouel, from L. vocalis, in littera vocalis, lit. "vocal letter," from vox (gen. vocis) "voice" (see voice). Vowel shift in reference to the pronunciation change between Middle and Modern English is attested from 1909. The Hawaiian word hooiaioia, meaning "certified," has the most consecutive vowels of any word in current human speech; the English record-holder is queueing. 韦氏大学 vow·el \ˈvau̇(-ə)l\ noun Etymology: Middle English, from Anglo-French vowele, from Latin vocalis — more at vocalic Date: 14th century 1. : one of a class of speech sounds in the articulation of which the oral part of the breath channel is not blocked and is not constricted enough to cause audible friction; broadly : the one most prominent sound in a syllable 2. : a letter or other symbol representing a vowel — usually used in English of a, e, i, o, u, and sometimes y 牛津高阶英汉双解 vowel / ˈvauəl; ˋvaʊəl/ n (a) speech-sound made without audible stopping of the breath by the tongue, lips, etc 元音: [attrib 作定语] a vowel system 元音系统. (b) letter or letters used to represent such a sound, eg a, e, i, o, u, ee, oa 元音字母. Cf 参看 consonant1.

Answer 47

``` vociferous vociferous (adj.) 1610s, from L. vociferari "to shout, yell," from vox (gen. vocis) "voice" + root of ferre "to carry" (see infer). Related: Vociferating. 韦氏大学 vo·cif·er·ous \vō-ˈsi-f(ə-)rəs\ adjective Date: circa 1611 : marked by or given to vehement insistent outcry • vo·cif·er·ous·ly adverb • vo·cif·er·ous·ness noun Synonyms: vociferous, clamorous, blatant, strident, boisterous, obstreperous mean so loud or insistent as to compel attention. vociferous implies a vehement shouting or calling out ``` clamorous may imply insistency as well as vociferousness in demanding or protesting blatant implies an offensive bellowing or insensitive loudness strident suggests harsh and discordant noise boisterous suggests a noisiness and turbulence due to high spirits obstreperous suggests unruly and aggressive noisiness and resistance to restraint

Answer 48

vo·ca·tion \vō-ˈkā-shən\ noun Etymology: Middle English vocacioun, from Anglo-French vocaciun, from Latin vocation-, vocatio summons, from vocare to call, from vox voice — more at voice Date: 15th century 1. a. : a summons or strong inclination to a particular state or course of action; especially : a divine call to the religious life b. : an entry into the priesthood or a religious order 2. a. : the work in which a person is regularly employed : occupation b. : the persons engaged in a particular occupation 3. : the special function of an individual or group 牛津高阶英汉双解 vocation / vəuˈkeɪʃn; voˋkeʃən/ n 1. [C] ~ (for/to sth) feeling that one is called to (and qualified for) a certain kind of work, esp social or religious （认为自己合于做某事的）使命感（尤指社会上的或宗教上的）: vocations to the priesthood, ministry, etc 任牧师等的使命感 * have/follow one's vocation to become a nun 奉神召当修女 * Nursing is a vocation as well as a profession. 护理工作既是职业也是救死扶伤的责任. 2. [U] ~ (for sth) natural liking or aptitude for a certain type of work （对某种工作的）天生的爱好或才能: He has little vocation for teaching. 他不是教书的材料. 3. [C usu sing 通常作单数] (fml 文) person's trade or profession 行业; 职业: find one's true vocation (in life) 找到了（一生中）真正的职业 * You should be an actor you've missed your vocation, ie you are following the wrong career. 你应该当演员--你入错行了. > vocational / -ʃənl; -ʃənl/ adj of or concerning the qualifications, etc needed for a trade or profession （关于）某职业所需的资格的: vocational guidance, training, etc, eg for students about to leave school 就业指导﹑ 职业训练（如为应届中学毕业生的）.

Answer 49

vouch I. \ˈvau̇ch\ verb Etymology: Middle English vochen, vouchen, from Anglo-French voucher to call, vouch, from Latin vocare to call, summon, from vox voice — more at voice Date: 14th century transitive verb 1. : to summon into court to warrant or defend a title 2. archaic a. : assert, affirm b. : attest 3. archaic : to cite or refer to as authority or supporting evidence 4. a. : prove, substantiate b. : to verify (a business transaction) by examining documentary evidence intransitive verb 1. : to give a guarantee : become surety 2. a. : to supply supporting evidence or testimony b. : to give personal assurance Synonyms: see certify II. noun Date: 1603 obsolete : allegation, declaration 牛津高阶英汉双解 vouch / vautʃ; vaʊtʃ/ v [Ipr] 1. ~ for sb/sth take responsibility for or express confidence in (a person, his behaviour, etc); guarantee 为（某人﹑ 其行为等）担保或作证; 保证: I can vouch for him/his honesty. 我可以为他[他的诚实]作担保. 2. ~ for sth confirm (a claim, etc) by producing evidence or drawing on one's own experience（提供证据或现身说法）确定（某权利要求等）: Experts vouch for the painting's authenticity. 由专家确认该画是否为真迹.

Answer 50

vouch I. \ˈvau̇ch\ verb Etymology: Middle English vochen, vouchen, from Anglo-French voucher to call, vouch, from Latin vocare to call, summon, from vox voice — more at voice Date: 14th century transitive verb 1. : to summon into court to warrant or defend a title 2. archaic a. : assert, affirm b. : attest 3. archaic : to cite or refer to as authority or supporting evidence 4. a. : prove, substantiate b. : to verify (a business transaction) by examining documentary evidence intransitive verb 1. : to give a guarantee : become surety 2. a. : to supply supporting evidence or testimony b. : to give personal assurance Synonyms: see certify II. noun Date: 1603 obsolete : allegation, declaration 牛津高阶英汉双解 vouch / vautʃ; vaʊtʃ/ v [Ipr] 1. ~ for sb/sth take responsibility for or express confidence in (a person, his behaviour, etc); guarantee 为（某人﹑ 其行为等）担保或作证; 保证: I can vouch for him/his honesty. 我可以为他[他的诚实]作担保. 2. ~ for sth confirm (a claim, etc) by producing evidence or drawing on one's own experience（提供证据或现身说法）确定（某权利要求等）: Experts vouch for the painting's authenticity. 由专家确认该画是否为真迹.

Answer 51

``` avouch \ə-ˈvau̇ch\ transitive verb Etymology: Middle English, to cite as authority, from Middle French avochier to summon, from Latin advocare — more at advocate Date: 15th century 1. : to declare as a matter of fact or as a thing that can be proved : affirm 2. : to vouch for : corroborate 3. a. : to acknowledge (as an act) as one's own b. : confess, avow 美国传统词典英汉 a.vouch AHD:[ə-vouchʹ] D.J.[əˈvaʊtʃ] K.K.[əˈvaʊtʃ] v.tr.（及物动词） a.vouched, a.vouch.ing, a.vouch.es To declare the provable truth or validity of; affirm: 断言：声称是可以证实的事实或其有效性；肯定： She avouched that she herself was innocent. 她证实了她自己是无辜的 To vouch for. 为…证实 To accept responsibility for (an action, for example); acknowledge. 承担：为（如某一行为）承担责任；确认 To avow; confess. 承认；坦白 ``` 语源 Middle English avouchen [to cite as a warrant] 中古英语 avouchen [作为担保引用] from Old French avochier 源自古法语 avochier from Latin advocāre [to summon] * see advocate 源自拉丁语 advocāre [召唤] *参见 advocate

Answer 52

corroborate corroborate (v.) 1530s, "to give (legal) confirmation to," from L. corroboratus, pp. of corroborare "to strengthen, invigorate," from com- "together" or "thoroughly" (see com-) + roborare "to make strong," from robur, robus "strength," (see robust). Meaning "to strengthen by evidence, to confirm" is from 1706. Sometimes in early use the word also has its literal Latin sense, especially of medicines. Related: Corroborated; corroborating; corroborative. 韦氏大学 cor·rob·o·rate \kə-ˈrä-bə-ˌrāt\ transitive verb (-rat·ed ; -rat·ing) Etymology: Latin corroboratus, past participle of corroborare, from com- + robor-, robur strength Date: 1529 : to support with evidence or authority : make more certain Synonyms: see confirm • cor·rob·o·ra·tion \-ˌrä-bə-ˈrā-shən\ noun • cor·rob·o·ra·tive \-ˈrä-bə-ˌrā-tiv, -ˈrä-b(ə-)rə-\ adjective • cor·rob·o·ra·tor \-ˈrä-bə-ˌrā-tər\ noun • cor·rob·o·ra·to·ry \-ˈrä-b(ə-)rə-ˌtȯr-ē\ adjective 牛津高阶英汉双解 corroborate / kəˈrɔbəreɪt; kəˋrɑbəˏret/ v [Tn] confirm or give support to (a statement, belief, theory, etc) 证实, 支持（某种说法﹑ 信仰﹑ 理论等）: Experiments have corroborated her predictions. 实验证实了她的预言. > corroboration / kəˏrɔbəˈreɪʃn; kəˏrɑbəˋreʃən/ n [U] confirmation or support by further evidence, esp from a different source; additional evidence 进一步的证实（尤指另有来源的）; 进一步的证据: His possession of the gun is corroboration of his guilt. 他藏有枪是他犯罪的又一证据. * In corroboration of his story (ie to give support to it) he produced a signed statement from his employer. 为了进一步证明他所说的是事实, 他出示了一份雇主签了字的文件. corroborative / kəˈrɔbərətɪv; US -reɪtɪv; kəˋrɑbəˏretɪv/adj tending to corroborate 确证（性）的: corroborative reports, evidence, etc 可以进一步说明问题的报告﹑ 证据等.

Answer 53

``` avow avow (v.) early 13c., from Anglo-Fr. avouer, O.Fr. avoer "acknowledge, accept, recognize," especially as a protector (Mod.Fr. avouer), from L. advocare (see advocate). A synonym of avouch (q.v.), which tends to contain the more technical, legal aspect of the word. Related: Avowed; avowing. 韦氏大学 avow \ə-ˈvau̇\ transitive verb Etymology: Middle English, from Anglo-French avuer, avouer, from Latin advocare Date: 14th century 1. : to declare assuredly ``` 2. : to declare openly, bluntly, and without shame Synonyms: see acknowledge, assert • avow·er \-ˈvau̇(-ə)r\ noun 牛津高阶英汉双解 avow / əˈvau; əˋvaʊ/ v [Tn, Cn.n, Cn.t] (fml 文) declare (sth) openly; admit 公开宣称（某事物）; 承认: avow one's belief, faith, conviction, etc 公开表示相信﹑ 信仰﹑ 服理等 * avow oneself (to be) a socialist 公开宣布自己是社会主义者 * The avowed aim of this Government is to reduce taxation. 这届政府所宣称的目标是减少税收. > avowal n (fml 文) (a) [U] open declaration 公开宣称; 公开表示. (b) [C] instance of this 公开宣称; 公开表示: make an avowal of his love 公开表示他的爱情. avowedly / əˈvauɪdlɪ; əˋvaʊɪdlɪ/ adv (fml 文) admittedly; openly 公开承认地; 公开地: avowedly responsible for an error 公开承认错误.

Answer 54

prov·o·ca·tion \ˌprä-və-ˈkā-shən\ noun Etymology: Middle English provocacioun, from Anglo-French provocacion, from Latin provocation-, provocatio, from provocare Date: 14th century 1. : the act of provoking : incitement 2. : something that provokes, arouses, or stimulates 牛津高阶英汉双解 provocation / ˏprɔvəˈkeɪʃn; ˏprɑvəˋkeʃən/ n 1. [U] making sb angry by deliberately doing sth annoying or offensive; provoking or being provoked 挑衅; 激怒; 刺激: the incessant provocation of the hostile crowd 抱有对立情绪的群众受到接二连三的煽动 * react with violence only under provocation, ie when provoked 只有受到挑衅时才以暴力还击 * She loses her temper at/on the slightest provocation. 只要稍一惹她, 她就大发脾气. 2. [C] cause of annoyance; thing that provokes 恼怒的原因; 激怒人的事: He hit her after repeated provocations. 她一次次招惹他, 他就打了她.

Answer 55

``` con·voke \kən-ˈvōk\ transitive verb (con·voked ; con·vok·ing) Etymology: Middle French convoquer, from Latin convocare, from com- + vocare to call, from voc-, vox voice — more at voice Date: 1598 : to call together to a meeting Synonyms: see summon 牛津高阶英汉双解 convoke / kənˈvəuk; kənˋvok/ v [Tn] (fml 文) call together or summon (a meeting, etc) 召集, 召开（会议等）: convoke Parliament 召开国会. ```

Answer 56

in·voke \in-ˈvōk\ transitive verb (in·voked ; in·vok·ing) Etymology: Middle English envoken, from Middle French invoquer, from Latin invocare, from in- + vocare to call, from voc-, vox voice — more at voice Date: 15th century 1. a. : to petition for help or support b. : to appeal to or cite as authority 2. : to call forth by incantation : conjure 3. : to make an earnest request for : solicit 4. : to put into effect or operation : implement 5. : bring about, cause • in·vok·er noun 牛津高阶英汉双解 invoke / ɪnˈvəuk; ɪnˋvok/ v (fml 文) 1. [Tn] use (sth) as a reason for one's action 援用（某事物）为行动依据或理由: The government has invoked the Official Secrets Act in having the book banned. 政府援引国家机密保密法以禁该书. 2. [Tn] (a) call upon (God, the power of the law, etc) for help or protection 祈求（上帝）的保佑; 求助于（法律的力量等）. (b) summon (sth) up (as if) by magic （似）用法术召唤（某事物）: invoke evil spirits 用法术召来恶鬼. 3. [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (on/upon sb/sth) beg for sth (as if) by praying （似）以祷告祈求某事物: invoke help, assistance, etc in a desperate situation 在走投无路时祈祷求救﹑ 求助等 * invoke vengeance (up)on one's enemies 求神降祸给敌人. > invocation / ˏɪnvəˈkeɪʃn; ˏɪnvəˋkeʃən/ n ~ (to sb) (a) [U] invoking or being invoked 援用; 求助于神或法律; 用法术召唤; 祷告祈求. (b) [C] instance of this 援用; 求助于神或法律; 用法术召唤; 祷告祈求.

Answer 57

early 15c., "to disturb, trouble," from M.Fr. soliciter, from L. solicitare "to disturb, rouse," from sollicitus "agitated," from sollus "whole, entire" + citus "aroused," pp. of ciere "shake, excite, set in motion" (see cite). Related: Solicited; soliciting. Meaning "to further (business affairs)" evolved mid-15c. from Middle French sense of "manage affairs." The sexual sense (often in reference to prostitutes) is attested from 1701, probably from a merger of the business sense and an earlier sense of "to court or beg the favor of" (a woman), attested from 1590s. 韦氏大学 so·lic·it \sə-ˈli-sət\ verb Etymology: Middle English, to disturb, promote, from Anglo-French solliciter, from Latin sollicitare to disturb, from sollicitus anxious, from sollus whole (from Oscan; akin to Greek holos whole) + citus, past participle of ciēre to move — more at safe, -kinesis Date: 15th century transitive verb 1. a. : to make petition to : entreat b. : to approach with a request or plea 2. : to urge (as one's cause) strongly 3. a. : to entice or lure especially into evil b. : to proposition (someone) especially as or in the character of a prostitute 4. : to try to obtain by usually urgent requests or pleas intransitive verb 1. : to make solicitation : importune 2. of a prostitute : to offer to have sexual relations with someone for money Synonyms: see ask 牛津高阶英汉双解 solicit / səˈlɪsɪt; səˋlɪsɪt/ v 1. [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sb) (for sth); ~ (sth) (from sb) (fml 文) ask (sb) for (eg money, help, votes) earnestly; try to obtain (sth) 恳求（某人）给予（钱﹑ 帮助等）; 向（某人）拉（选票）; 设法获得（某事物）: solicit (sb) for money/solicit money (from sb) 向（某人）要钱[（向某人）要钱] * solicit information about the new motorway 探询新的高速公路的情况 * Both candidates solicited my opinion. 两位候选人都来向我征求意见. 2. [I, Tn] (of a prostitute) make a sexual offer (to sb), esp in a public place （指妓女）拉（客）（尤指在公共场所）: She was fined for soliciting. 她因拉客而被罚款.

Answer 58

``` entreat entreat (v.) mid-14c., "to enter into negotiations;" early 15c., "to treat (someone) in a certain way," also "to plead for (someone)," from Anglo-Fr. entretier, O.Fr. entraiter "to treat," from en- "make" (see en- (1)) + traiter "to treat" (see treat (v.)). Meaning "to beseech, implore" is first attested c.1500. Related: Entreated; entreating. 韦氏大学 en·treat \in-ˈtrēt, en-\ verb Etymology: Middle English entreten, from Anglo-French entreter, from en- + treter to treat Date: 14th century intransitive verb 1. obsolete a. : negotiate b. : intercede 2. : to make an earnest request : plead transitive verb 1. : to plead with especially in order to persuade : ask urgently ``` ``` 2. archaic : to deal with : treat Synonyms: see beg • en·treat·ing·ly \-trē-tiŋ-lē\ adverb • en·treat·ment \-mənt\ noun 牛津高阶英汉双解 entreat / ɪnˈtriːt; ɪnˋtrit/ v [Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.t] ~ (sth of) sb (fml 文) ask sb (for sth) earnestly and feelingly; beg （为某事）恳求某人; 请求; 乞求: Please don't go, I entreat you. 我求求您, 请不要走. * May I entreat a favour of you? 您能帮帮忙吗? * I entreat you to show mercy. 我求您发发慈悲. =>Usage at ask 用法见ask. > entreatingly adv. ```

Answer 59

implore implore (v.) c.1500, from M.Fr. implorer and directly from L. implorare "call for help, beseech," originally "invoke with weeping," from assimilated form of in- "on, upon" (see in- (2)) + plorare "to weep, cry out." Related: Implored; imploring; imploringly. 韦氏大学 im·plore \im-ˈplȯr\ transitive verb (im·plored ; im·plor·ing) Etymology: Middle French or Latin; Middle French implorer, from Latin implorare, from in- + plorare to cry out Date: circa 1540 1. : to call upon in supplication : beseech 2. : to call or pray for earnestly : entreat ``` Synonyms: see beg • im·plor·ing·ly adverb 牛津高阶英汉双解 implore / ɪmˈplɔː(r); ɪmˋplɔr/ v [Tn, Dn.t] ask or beg (sb) earnestly; beseech 恳求或乞求（某人）; 哀求: `Help me,' he implored. ‘救救我吧,’他哀求道. * implore sb's forgiveness, mercy, etc 乞求某人原谅﹑ 宽恕等 * They implored her to stay. 他们恳求她留下. =>Usage at ask用法见ask. > imploring adj: She gave him an imploring look. 她以哀求的眼神看着他. imploringly adv. ```

Answer 60

beseech beseech (v.) late 12c., bisecen "to beseech, beg urgently," from be- + M.E. secen "to seek" (see seek). German cognate besuchen is merely "to visit." Related: Besought; beseeching. 韦氏大学 be·seech \bi-ˈsēch, bē-\ verb (-seeched or be·sought \-ˈsȯt\ ; -seech·ing) Etymology: Middle English besechen, from be- + sechen to seek Date: 12th century transitive verb 1. : to beg for urgently or anxiously 2. : to request earnestly : implore intransitive verb : to make supplication Synonyms: see beg • be·seech·ing·ly \-ˈsē-chiŋ-lē\ adverb 牛津高阶英汉双解 beseech / bɪˈsiːtʃ; bɪˋsitʃ/ v (pt, pp besought / bɪˈsɔːt; bɪˋsɔt/ or beseeched) (fml 文) 1. [Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.t] ~ sb (for sth) ask sb earnestly; implore sb; entreat sb 恳求﹑ 哀求或祈求某人: Spare him, I beseech you. 我恳求你饶了他吧. * The prisoner besought the judge for mercy/to be merciful. 囚犯恳求法官宽恕[乞求宽大]. 2. [Tn] ask earnestly for (sth); beg for (sth) 企求（某事物）; 乞求（某事物）: She besought his forgiveness. 她乞求他原谅. =>Usage at ask 用法见ask. > beseeching adj [attrib 作定语] (of a look, tone of voice, etc) entreating or appealing for sth （指样子﹑ 声调等）恳求的, 哀求的. beseechingly adv.

Answer 61

re·voke I. \ri-ˈvōk\ verb (re·voked ; re·vok·ing) Etymology: Middle English, from Anglo-French revocer, revoquer, from Latin revocare, from re- + vocare to call, from voc-, vox voice — more at voice Date: 14th century transitive verb 1. : to annul by recalling or taking back : rescind 2. : to bring or call back intransitive verb : to fail to follow suit when able in a card game in violation of the rules • re·vok·er noun II. noun Date: 1709 : an act or instance of revoking in a card game 牛津高阶英汉双解 revoke / rɪˈvəuk; rɪˋvok/ v 1. [Tn] (fml 文) withdraw or cancel (a decree, permit, etc) 撤消或废除（法令等）; 吊销（许可证）: revoke orders, promises 撤消命令﹑ 允诺 * His driving licence was revoked after the crash. 他撞车后驾驶执照吊销了. 2. [I] (of a player in a card-game) fail to play a card of the same suit as the leading player although able to do so （指玩纸牌者）藏牌, 有牌不跟.

Answer 62

1580s, perhaps via M.Fr. épique or directly from L. epicus, from Gk. epikos, from epos "word, story, poem," from PIE *wekw- "to speak" (see voice). Extended sense of "grand, heroic" first recorded in English 1731. The noun meaning "an epic poem" is first recorded 1706. 韦氏大学 ep·ic I. \ˈe-pik\ adjective Etymology: Latin epicus, from Greek epikos, from epos word, speech, poem — more at voice Date: 1589 1. : of, relating to, or having the characteristics of an epic 2. a. : extending beyond the usual or ordinary especially in size or scope ``` b. : heroic • ep·i·cal \-pi-kəl\ adjective • ep·i·cal·ly \-pi-k(ə-)lē\ adverb II. noun Date: 1706 1. : a long narrative poem in elevated style recounting the deeds of a legendary or historical hero ``` 2. : a work of art (as a novel or drama) that resembles or suggests an epic 3. : a series of events or body of legend or tradition thought to form the proper subject of an epic 牛津高阶英汉双解 epic / ˈepɪk; ˋɛpɪk/ n 1. (a) long poem about the deeds of one or more great heroes, or a nation's past history 叙事诗; 史诗: Homer's Iliad is a famous epic. 荷马的《伊利亚特》是着名的史诗. (b) long film, story, etc dealing with heroic deeds and exciting adventures 叙述英雄事迹和历险的电影﹑ 故事等: yet another epic about the Roman empire 另一部关于罗马帝国的电影. 2. (infml or joc 口或谑) subject fit to be regarded as heroic 惊人之举: Mending the car became something of an epic. 修理汽车竟然也算是了不起的事. > epic adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] of or like an epic; heroic; grand 史诗般的; 英勇的; 宏伟的: an epic encounter, struggle, achievement 可歌可泣的遭遇战﹑ 英勇的斗争﹑ 伟大的成就.

Answer 63

``` ep·os \ˈe-ˌpäs\ noun Etymology: Greek, word, epic poem — more at voice Date: circa 1828 1. : epic 1 2. : a number of poems that treat an epic theme but are not formally united 美国传统词典英汉 ep.os AHD:[ĕpʹŏs'] D.J.[ˈepˌɒs] K.K.[ˈɛpˌɑs] n.（名词） A number of poems, not formally united, that treat an epic theme. 原始史诗：一组没有正式结合在一起，但关于同一史诗题材的诗歌 An epic. 史诗 ``` ``` 语源 Latin 拉丁语 from Greek * see wek w- 源自希腊语 *参见 wek w- ```

Answer 64

``` ep·o·pee \ˈe-pə-ˌpē\ noun Etymology: French épopée, from Greek epopoiia, from epos + poiein to make — more at poet Date: 1697 : epic; especially : an epic poem 美国传统词典英汉 ep.o.pee AHD:[ĕpʹə-pē'] D.J.[ˈepəˌpiː] K.K.[ˈɛpəˌpi] n.（名词） Epic poetry, especially as a literary genre. 史诗：史诗，特指作为一种文学类型 An epic poem. 史诗 ``` ``` 语源 French épopée 法语 épopée from Greek epopoiia 源自希腊语 epopoiia epos [song, word] * see wek w- epos [歌，词] *参见 wek w- poiein [to make] * see k wei- 2 poiein [做] *参见 k wei- 2 ```

Answer 65

mythopoeic (adj.) "pertaining to the creation of myths," 1846, from Gk. mytho-, comb. form of mythos (see myth) + poiein "to make, create" (see poet). 韦氏大学 mytho·poe·ic adjective see mythopoeia 美国传统词典英汉 mythopoeic 或 myth.o.pe.ic AHD:[mĭth'ə-pēʹĭk] 也作 myth.o.po.et.ic [-pō-ĕtʹĭk] D.J.[ˌmɪθəˈpiːɪk] 也作 myth.o.po.et.ic [-pəʊˈetɪk] K.K.[ˌmɪθəˈpiɪk] 也作 myth.o.po.et.ic [-poˈɛtɪk] adj.（形容词） Of or relating to the making of myths. 创造神话的：属于或关于编造神话的 Serving to create or engender myths; productive in mythmaking. 产生神话的：促使产生或形成神话的；在神话创作上多产的 ``` 语源 From Greek muthopoios [composer of fiction] 源自希腊语 muthopoios [小说的作者] from muthopoiein [to relate a story] 源自 muthopoiein [讲述故事] muthos [story] muthos [故事] poiein [to make] * see k wei- 2 poiein [制作；做] *参见 k wei- 2 ``` 继承用法 myth'opoeʹia AHD:[-pēʹə] 或 myth'o.po.eʹsis [-pō-ēʹsĭs] （名词）

Answer 66

Etymonline onomatopoeia onomatopoeia (n.) 1570s, from L.L. onomatopoeia, from Gk. onomatopoiia "the making of a name or word" (in imitation of a sound associated with the thing being named), from onomatopoios, from onoma (gen. onomatos) "word, name" (see name (n.)) + a derivative of poiein "compose, make" (see poet). Related: Onomatopoeic; onomatopoeial. 韦氏大学 on·o·mato·poe·ia \ˌä-nə-ˌmä-tə-ˈpē-ə, -ˌma-\ noun Etymology: Late Latin, from Greek onomatopoiia, from onomat-, onoma name + poiein to make — more at poet Date: circa 1577 1. : the naming of a thing or action by a vocal imitation of the sound associated with it (as buzz, hiss) 2. : the use of words whose sound suggests the sense • on·o·mato·poe·ic \-ˈpē-ik\ or on·o·mato·po·et·ic \-pō-ˈe-tik\ adjective • on·o·mato·poe·i·cal·ly \-ˈpē-ə-k(ə-)lē\ or on·o·mato·po·et·i·cal·ly \-pō-ˈe-ti-k(ə-)lē\ adverb 牛津高阶英汉双解 onomatopoeia / ˏɔnəˏmætəˈpɪə; ˏɑnəˏmætəˋpiə/ n [U] combination of sounds in a word that imitates or suggests what the word refers to eg hiss, cuckoo, thud 拟声; 象声词（如hiss﹑ cuckoo﹑ thud）. > onomatopoeic/- ˈpiːɪk; -ˋpiɪk/ adj: `Sizzle' and `hush' are onomatopoeic words. sizzle和hush是象声词. 美国传统词典英汉 on.o.mat.o.poe.ia AHD:[ŏn'ə-măt'ə-pēʹə, -mä'tə-] D.J.[ˌɒnəˌmætəˈpiːə, -ˌmɑːtə-] K.K.[ˌɑnəˌmætəˈpiə, -ˌmɑtə-] n.（名词） The formation or use of words such asbuzz or murmur that imitate the sounds associated with the objects or actions they refer to. 象声词，拟声词，声喻法：词的构成或用法，例如buzz 或 nurmur 模仿事物或行动的声音 ``` 语源 Late Latin 后期拉丁语 from Greek onomatopoiia 源自希腊语 onomatopoiia from onomatopoios [coiner of names] 源自 onomatopoios [命名] onoma onomat- [name] * see nÒ-men- onoma onomat- [名称] *参见 nÒ-men- poiein [to make] * see k wei- 2 poiein [制造，命名] *参见 k wei- 2 ``` 继承用法 on'omat'opoeʹic 或 on'omat'opoetʹic AHD:[-pō-ĕtʹĭk] （形容词） on'omat'opoeʹically 或 on'omat'opoetʹically adv.（副词）

Answer 67

he·ma·to·poi·e·sis \hi-ˌma-tə-pȯi-ˈē-səs, ˌhē-mə-tō-\ noun Etymology: New Latin Date: circa 1854 : the formation of blood or of blood cells in the living body • he·ma·to·poi·et·ic \-ˈe-tik\ adjective 美国传统词典英汉 he.ma.to.poi.e.sis AHD:[hē'mə-tō-poi-ēʹsĭs, hĭ-măt'ə-] 也作 he.mo.poi.e.sis [hē'mə-poi-ēʹ-sĭs] D.J.[ˌhiːmətəʊpɔɪˈiːsɪs, hɪˌmætə-] 也作 he.mo.poi.e.sis [ˌhiːməpɔɪˈiːsɪs] K.K.[ˌhimətopɔɪˈisɪs, hɪˌmætə-] 也作 he.mo.poi.e.sis [ˌhiməpɔɪˈisɪs] n.（名词） The formation of blood or blood cells in the body. 生血作用：体内血液或血细胞的生成继承用法 he'matopoietʹic AHD:[-ĕtʹĭk] （形容词）

Answer 68

``` vo·ta·ry \ˈvō-tə-rē\ noun (plural -ries) Etymology: Latin votum vow Date: 1546 1. archaic : a sworn adherent 2. a. : enthusiast, devotee b. : a devoted admirer 3. a. : a devout or zealous worshipper b. : a staunch believer or advocate 牛津高阶英汉双解 votary / ˈvəutərɪ; ˋvotərɪ/ n ~ (of sb/sth) (fml 文) person who dedicates himself to sth, esp religious workand service 献身者（尤指对宗教事务的）: votaries of peace,disarmament, etc 致力于和平﹑ 裁军等的人 * (joc 谑) votaries of golf 高尔夫球迷. ```

Answer 69

fraternity fraternity (n.) early 14c., "body of men associated by common interest," from O.Fr. fraternité (12c.), from L. fraternitatem (nom. fraternitas) "brotherhood," from fraternus "brotherly," from frater "brother," from PIE *bhrater (see brother). Meaning "state or condition of being as brothers" is from late 15c. College Greek-letter organization sense is from 1777, first in reference to Phi Beta Kappa. 韦氏大学 fra·ter·ni·ty \frə-ˈtər-nə-tē\ noun (plural -ties) Date: 14th century 1. : a group of people associated or formally organized for a common purpose, interest, or pleasure: as a. : a fraternal order b. : guild 1 c. : a men's student organization formed chiefly for social purposes having secret rites and a name consisting of Greek letters d. : a student organization for scholastic, professional, or extracurricular activities 2. : the quality or state of being brothers : brotherliness 3. : persons of the same class, profession, character, or tastes 牛津高阶英汉双解 fraternity / frəˈtɜːnətɪ; frəˋtənətɪ/ n 1. [U] brotherly feeling; brotherhood 兄弟般的感情; 手足之情: There is a strong spirit of fraternity among these isolated people. 这些与世隔绝的人之间有强烈的兄弟般的情谊. 2. [CGp] group of people sharing the same profession or common interests or beliefs 有相同的职业﹑ 共同的爱好或信仰的群体; 同人; 同好: the medical, banking, teaching, etc fraternity 医务界﹑ 银行界﹑ 教育界等同人 * the racing fraternity 赛马界同好 * the religious fraternity of St Benedict 本笃会的教友. 3. [C] (US) group of male students at a university who form a social club 组成社团的大学男生群体. Cf 参看 sorority.

Answer 70

Etymonline pledge pledge (n.) mid-14c., "surety, bail," from O.Fr. plege (Fr. pleige) "hostage, security, bail," probably from Frankish *plegan "to guarantee," from a West Germanic root meaning "have responsibility for" (cf. O.Saxon plegan "vouch for," O.H.G. pflegan "to care for, be accustomed to," O.E. pleon "to risk, expose to danger"). Meaning "allegiance vow attested by drinking with another" is from 1630s. Sense of "solemn promise" first recorded 1814, though this meaning is from c.1400 in the verb. Weekley notes the "curious contradiction" in pledge "to toast with a drink" (1540s) and pledge "the vow to abstain from drinking" (1833). Noun meaning "student who has agreed to join a fraternity or sorority" dates from 1901. Related: Pledged; pledging. 韦氏大学 pledge I. \ˈplej\ noun Etymology: Middle English plegge security, from Anglo-French plege, from Late Latin plebium, from *plebere to pledge, probably of Germanic origin; akin to Old High German pflegan to take care of — more at plight Date: 14th century 1. a. : a bailment of a chattel as security for a debt or other obligation without involving transfer of title b. : the chattel so delivered c. : the contract incidental to such a bailment 2. a. : the state of being held as a security or guaranty b. : something given as security for the performance of an act 3. : a token, sign, or earnest of something else 4. : a gage of battle 5. : toast 3 6. a. : a binding promise or agreement to do or forbear b. (1) : a promise to join a fraternity, sorority, or secret society (2) : a person who has so promised II. transitive verb (pledged ; pledg·ing) Date: 15th century 1. : to make a pledge of; especially : pawn 2. : to drink to the health of 3. : to bind by a pledge 4. : to promise the performance of by a pledge • pledg·er \ˈple-jər\ or pled·gor \ˈple-jər, ple-ˈjȯr\ noun 牛津高阶英汉双解 pledge / pledʒ; plɛdʒ/ n 1. solemn promise; vow 誓言; 誓约; 保证: give a pledge never to reveal the secret 保证决不泄密. 2. (a) thing left with a person to be kept until the giver has done sth promised, eg paid a debt 保证物（如为还债的）. (b) article left with a pawnbroker in exchange for sth, esp money 典当物. 3. thing given to sb as a sign of friendship, love, etc （表示友情﹑ 爱情等的）信物, 象征物: gifts exchanged as a pledge of friendship 交换的象征友谊的礼物. 4. (idm 习语) in/out of pledge left with sb until the giver has paid a debt, etc/no longer left on these conditions 在抵押中[已不在抵押中]: put/hold sth in pledge 以[收下]某物作抵押 * take sth out of pledge 赎回抵押的某物. sign/take the `pledge (esp joc 尤作戏谑语) make a solemn promise never to drink alcohol 发誓戒酒. under pledge of sth in the state of having agreed to or promised sth 在誓约或承诺某事的约束下: You are under pledge of secrecy. 你已发过誓要保密. > pledge v 1 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.n, Dn.t] ~ sth (to sb/sth) (fml 文) promise solemnly to give (support,etc); give (one's word, honour, etc) as a pledge 保证给予（支持等）; 以（誓言﹑ 名誉等）作担保: pledge allegiance(ie loyalty) to the king 发誓效忠国王 * pledge a donation (to a charity) 承诺（向慈善机构）捐献 * be pledged to secrecy/to keeping a secret 誓守秘密. (b)[Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.t] ~ sb/oneself (to sth/to do sth) promise solemnly that sb/one will do sth or support a cause, etc保证某人[自己]做某事或支持某事业等: The Government has pledged itself to send aid to the famine victims. 政府已承诺赈济饥民. 2 [Tn] leave (sth) with sb as a pledge (2b) 典当（某物）: He's pledged (ie pawned) his mother's wedding ring. 他把母亲的结婚戒指典当了. 3 [Tn] (fml 文) drink to the health of (sb); toast (sb) 为（某人）的健康祝酒; 向（某人）祝酒: pledge the bride and bridegroom 向新娘和新郎祝酒.

Answer 71

wed wed (v.) O.E. weddian "to pledge, covenant to do something, marry," from P.Gmc. *wadjojanan (cf. O.N. veðja "to bet, wager," O.Fris. weddia "to promise," Goth. ga-wadjon "to betroth"), from PIE root *wadh- "to pledge, to redeem a pledge" (cf. L. vas, gen. vadis "bail, security," Lith. vaduoti "to redeem a pledge"). Sense remained "pledge" in other Germanic languages (cf. Ger. Wette "bet, wager"); development to "marry" is unique to English. "Originally 'make a woman one's wife by giving a pledge or earnest money', then used of either party" [Buck]. Related: Wedded; wedding. 韦氏大学 wed \ˈwed\ verb (wed·ded also wed ; wed·ding) Etymology: Middle English wedden, from Old English weddian; akin to Middle High German wetten to pledge, Old English wedd pledge, Old High German wetti, Gothic wadi, Latin vad-, vas bail, security Date: before 12th century transitive verb 1. : to take for wife or husband by a formal ceremony : marry 2. : to join in marriage 3. : to unite as if by marriage: as a. : to place in close or intimate association b. : to link by commitment or custom intransitive verb : to enter into matrimony • wed·der noun

Answer 72

``` gage gage (n.) "pledge," c.1300, from O.Fr. gage "pledge (of battle), security, guarantee" (11c.), from Frankish *wadja-, from P.Gmc. *wadi- (see wed). It. gaggio, Sp., Port. gage are French loan-words. The verb is late 15c., from Fr. gager. Related: Gaged, gaging. Etymonline gage gage (v.) see gauge. "The spelling variants gauge and gage have existed since the first recorded uses in Middle English, though in American English gage is found exclusively in technical uses" [Barnhart]. Related: Gaged; gaging. 韦氏大学 Gage \ˈgāj\ biographical name Thomas 1721-1787 British general & colonial governor in America 韦氏大学 gage I. \ˈgāj\ noun Etymology: Middle English, pledge, reward, from Anglo-French — more at wage Date: 14th century 1. : a token of defiance; specifically : a glove or cap cast on the ground to be taken up by an opponent as a pledge of combat 2. : something deposited as a pledge of performance II. transitive verb Date: 15th century 1. archaic : pledge 2. archaic : stake, risk III. variant of gauge IV. noun Date: 1847 : greengage ```

Answer 73

stake (n.2) "that which is placed at hazard," 1530s, from stake (v.). Plural stakes, as in horse racing, first recorded 1690s (cf. sweepstakes). To have a stake in is recorded from 1784. 韦氏大学 stake I. \ˈstāk\ noun Etymology: Middle English, from Old English staca; akin to Middle Low German stake pole, and perhaps to Latin tignum beam Date: before 12th century 1. : a pointed piece of wood or other material driven or to be driven into the ground as a marker or support 2. a. : a post to which a person is bound for execution by burning b. : execution by burning at a stake 3. a. : something that is staked for gain or loss b. : the prize in a contest c. : an interest or share in an undertaking or enterprise 4. : a Mormon territorial jurisdiction comprising a group of wards 5. : grubstake 6. : stakes race — usually used in plural but sing. or plural in constr. • - at stake II. transitive verb (staked ; stak·ing) Date: 14th century 1. : to mark the limits of by or as if by stakes 2. : to tether to a stake 3. : bet, wager 4. : to fasten up or support (as plants) with stakes 5. : to back financially 6. : grubstake • - stake a claim 牛津高阶英汉双解 stake / steɪk; stek/ n 1. [C] strong wood or metal stick, pointed at one end, that can be driven into the ground, eg to support a young tree, as a post for a fence, etc or as a marker 桩; 标桩. 2. the stake [sing] (formerly) post to which a person was tied before being burnt to death as a punishment （旧时的）火刑柱: be burnt at the stake 以火刑处死 * go to the stake, ie be killed in this way 处以火刑. 3. [C usu pl 通常作复数] money, etc risked or gambled on the unknown result of a future event (eg a race, a card-game) 赌注: playing for high stakes 下大赌注. 4. money, etc invested by sb in an enterprise so that he has an interest or share in it 投资; 投放的本钱: have a stake in a company 在一家公司有股份 * She has a stake in the future success of the business. 她在这项生意上投了资以期将来获利. 5. stakes (a) [pl] prize money, esp in a horse-race 奖金（尤指赛马的）. (b) (usu 通常作 Stakes) [sing v] (esp in names) horse-race in which all the owners of the horses in the race contribute to the prize money （尤用于名称中）有奖赛马（参赛马的马主均须捐款用作奖金）: The Newmarket Stakes is always a popular race. 纽马基特赛马总是吸引很多人. 6. (idm 习语) at stake to be won or lost; being risked, depending on the outcome of an event 在胜败关头; 冒风险: This decision puts our lives at stake. 这么一决定, 我们的生命就吉凶难卜了. * Our children's education is at stake. 我们孩子的教育好坏无法预料. go to the stake over sth maintain (an opinion, a principle, etc) at any cost 不惜一切代价地坚持（观点﹑ 原则等）: I think I'm right on this issue but I wouldn't go to the stake over it. 我认为我在这个问题上是正确的, 但我并不想拚命坚持这一点. > stake v 1 [Tn] support (sth) with a stake 用桩支撑（某物）: stake newly planted trees 用桩支撑新栽的树. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (on sth) gamble or risk (money, one's hopes, one's life, etc) on sth 拿（金钱﹑ 希望﹑ 生命等）就某事物打赌或冒险: stake 5 on the favourite, eg in a horse-race 在那个大热门（如赛马中的某匹马）上压5英镑 * I'd stake my life on it, ie I'm very confident about it. 我敢拿性命来担保. 3 [Tn] (US infml 口) give financial or other support to (sb/sth) 资助, 支持（某人[某事物]）: stake a business 资助一家公司. 4 (idm 习语) stake (out) a/one's `claim (to sb/sth) (a) mark out (a piece of land, etc) as one's own (esp formerly when arriving in a new country or area) 划（一块土地等）归为己有（尤指旧时初到某国或某地时）. (b) declare a special interest (in sb/sth); claim a right (to sb/sth) 声称（与某人[某事物]）有特殊关联; 提出（对某人[某事物]的）所有权要求: Several clubs have already staked a/their claim to this outstanding young footballer. 有几个足球俱乐部均表示这个年轻的足球健将是他们的人. 5 (phr v) stake sth out (a) mark (an area) with stakes (esp formerly to claim ownership) 用桩标出（地）界（尤指旧时用以表明所有权）. (b) declare a special interest in or right to (eg an area of study, a place) 声称对（研究领域﹑ 地方等）有特殊关联或所有权: He's staked out this part of the house as his own. 他说屋子的这一部分归他所有. (c) (infml 口 esp US) (of the police) watch (a place) continuously and secretly （指警方）持续监视（某处）: Detectives have been staking out the house for two days now. 警方的侦查人员已对这座房子监视两天了. # `stake-out n (infml 口 esp US) (a) continuous secret watch by the police; surveillance （警方的）监视. (b) area or house being watched in this way 受警方监视的地方或房子.

Answer 74

defiance defiance (n.) c.1300, from O.Fr. desfiance "challenge, declaration of war," from desfiant, prp. of desfier (see defy). 韦氏大学 de·fi·ance \di-ˈfī-ən(t)s, dē-\ noun Date: 15th century 1. : the act or an instance of defying : challenge 2. : disposition to resist : willingness to contend or fight • - in defiance of 牛津高阶英汉双解 defiance / dɪˈfaɪəns; dɪˋfaɪəns/ n 1. [U] open disobedience or resistance; refusal to give way to authority or opposition; defying 违抗; 反抗; 藐视; 蔑视: The protesters showed their defiance of the official ban on demonstrations. 抗议者藐视官方的示威禁令. 2. (idm 习语) glare defiance at sb/sth => glare2. in defiance of sb/sth in spite of sb/sth; ignoring sb/sth 不顾某人[某事物]; 无视某人[某事物]: act in defiance of orders 违抗命令的行动 * She wanted him to stay, but he left in defiance of her wishes. 她要他留下来, 但他并不理会, 还是走了.

Answer 75

Etymonline wage wage (n.) c.1300, "a payment for services rendered," also in Middle English "a pledge of security" (mid-14c.), from O.N.Fr. wage (O.Fr. guage) "pledge," from Frankish *wadja- (cf. O.E. wedd, Gothic wadi "pledge"); see wed. Modern French cognate gages (pl.) means "wages of a domestic," one of a plethora of French words for different classes, e.g. traitement (university professor), paye, salaire (workman), solde (soldier), récompense, prix. The Old English word was lean, related to loan and representing the usual Germanic form (cf. Goth. laun, Du. loon, Ger. lohn). Etymonline wage wage (v.) early 14c., "to pledge, deposit as a pledge," from O.N.Fr. wagier (O.Fr. gagier), from wage (see wage (n.)). Meaning "to carry on" (of war, etc.) is attested from mid-15c., probably from earlier sense of "to offer as a gage of battle" (early 15c.). 韦氏大学 wage I. \ˈwāj\ noun Etymology: Middle English, pledge, recompense, from Anglo-French wage, gage, of Germanic origin; akin to Old High German wetti pledge — more at wed Date: 14th century 1. a. : a payment usually of money for labor or services usually according to contract and on an hourly, daily, or piecework basis — often used in plural b. plural : the share of the national product attributable to labor as a factor in production 2. : recompense, reward — usually used in plural but singular or plural in construction ``` • wage·less \ˈwāj-ləs\ adjective II. verb (waged ; wag·ing) Etymology: Middle English, to offer surety, put up as a stake, hire, from Anglo-French *wager, gager, from wage Date: 14th century transitive verb : to engage in or carry on ``` intransitive verb : to be in process of occurring 牛津高阶英汉双解 wage1 / weɪdʒ; wedʒ/ n (usu pl except in certain phrases and when used attributively 通常作复数, 但用于某些词组或作定语时除外) regular (usu weekly) payment made or received for work or services 工资（通常指按周的）: wages of 200 a week/a weekly wage of 200 一星期200英镑的工资 * Wages are paid on Fridays. 每星期五发工资. * Tax and insurance are deducted from your wages. 所得税和保险费从工资扣除. * We expect a fair day's wage for a fair day's work. 我们做好一天的工作,就希望得到一天应得的工资. * The workers are demanding to be paid a living wage, ie one that enables them to live without hunger or hardship. 工人要求得到能够维持生活的工资. * a minimum wage, ie guaranteed basic pay in a particular industry or country 最低工资（某行业或某国的工资底线） * [attrib 作定语] a wage increase/rise of 10 a week 每星期的工资额增加10英镑. =>Usage at income 用法见income. # `wage-claim n increase in wages demanded from an employer for workers by their union 增加工资的要求（工会向雇主提出的）. `wage-earner n (a) person who works for wages 挣工资的人（通常指按周领取工资的工人）: Are you a wage-earner or salaried? 你是工人还是职员? (b) member of a family who earns money 家庭中挣钱的人: There are two wage-earners in the family. 这家有两个人挣钱. `wage freeze legal ban on or control of increases in wages 工资冻结（合法禁止或控制工资的增长）. wage2 / weɪdʒ; wedʒ/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (against/on sth) begin and carry on (a war, campaign, etc) 开始, 进行（战争﹑ 运动等）: No country wants to wage a nuclear war. 哪个国家也不想打核战争. * The government is waging a campaign against sex discrimination in industry. 政府正在展开反对工业界性别歧视的运动. 美国传统词典英汉 wage AHD:[wāj] D.J.[weɪdʒ] K.K.[wedʒ] n.（名词） Payment for labor or services to a worker, especially remuneration on an hourly, daily, or weekly basis or by the piece. 工资：为劳动或服务付给一个工人的报酬，尤指按小时、天数或周给或按工作量给 wages The portion of the national product that represents the aggregate paid for all contributing labor and services as distinguished from the portion retained by management or reinvested in capital goods. wages 工资总额：国民生产总值的一部分，表示付给所有有价值的工作或服务的报酬总额，以用来区分于因管理或再投入到货币资本的那部分国民生产总值 Often wages (used with a sing. or pl. verb)A fitting return; a recompense: 常作 wages （与单数或复数动词连用）报酬：合适的报酬；酬劳： the wages of sin. 罪恶的报应 v.tr.（及物动词） waged, wag.ing, wag.es To engage in (a war or campaign, for example). 从事于（如战争或战役）

Answer 76

``` lo·qua·cious \lō-ˈkwā-shəs\ adjective Etymology: Latin loquac-, loquax, from loqui to speak Date: 1663 1. : full of excessive talk : wordy 2. : given to fluent or excessive talk : garrulous Synonyms: see talkative • lo·qua·cious·ly adverb • lo·qua·cious·ness noun 牛津高阶英汉双解 loquacious / ləˈkweɪʃəs; loˋkweʃəs/ adj (fml 文) fondof talking; talkative 爱说话的; 多话的. > loquaciouslyadv. loquaciousness, loquacity / ləˈkwsətɪ; loˋkwæsətɪ/ ns [U]. ```

Answer 77

col·lo·qui·al \kə-ˈlō-kwē-əl\ adjective Date: 1751 1. : of or relating to conversation : conversational 2. a. : used in or characteristic of familiar and informal conversation; also : unacceptably informal b. : using conversational style • colloquial noun • col·lo·qui·al·i·ty \-ˌlō-kwē-ˈa-lə-tē\ noun • col·lo·qui·al·ly \-ˈlō-kwē-ə-lē\ adverb 牛津高阶英汉双解 colloquial / kəˈləukwɪəl; kəˋlokwɪəl/ adj (of words, phrases, etc) belonging to or suitable for normal conversation but not formal speech or writing （指词语等）口语的, 口头的. Cf 参看 informal, slang. > colloquialism n colloquial word or phrase 口语的词语: The phrase `on the blink' in the sentence `The radio's on the blink' (ie not working properly) is a colloquialism. 在 The radio's on the blink（收音机坏了）一句中的 on the blink（坏了）这一词组是口语用语. colloquially / -kwɪəlɪ; -kwɪəlɪ/ adv.

Answer 78

col·lo·quy \ˈkä-lə-kwē\ noun (plural -quies) Etymology: Latin colloquium, from colloqui to converse, from com- + loqui to speak Date: 15th century 1. : conversation, dialogue 2. : a high-level serious discussion : conference 牛津高阶英汉双解 colloquy / ˈkɔləkwɪ; ˋkɑləkwɪ/ n [C, U] (fml 文) conversation 交谈; 会谈.

Answer 79

lo·cu·tion \lō-ˈkyü-shən\ noun Etymology: Middle English locucion, from Anglo-French, from Latin locution-, locutio, from loqui to speak Date: 15th century 1. : a particular form of expression or a peculiarity of phrasing; especially : a word or expression characteristic of a region, group, or cultural level 2. : style of discourse : phraseology 牛津高阶英汉双解 locution / ləˈkjuːʃn; loˋkjuʃən/ n 1. [U] (fml 文) style of speech; way of using words 语言风格; 用词的方法. 2. [C] (esp linguistics 尤用于语言学) phrase or idiom 短语; 惯用语; 成语.

Answer 80

``` pro·loc·u·tor \prō-ˈlä-kyə-tər\ noun Etymology: Middle English, from Latin, from pro- for + locutor speaker, from loqui to speak Date: 15th century 1. : one who speaks for another : spokesman 2. : presiding officer : chairman 美国传统词典英汉 pro.loc.u.tor AHD:[prō-lŏkʹyə-tər] D.J.[prəʊˈlɒkjətə] K.K.[proˈlɑkjətɚ] n.（名词） A presiding officer or chairperson, especially of the lower house of a convocation in the Anglican Church. 议长，会议主持者：担任主持的官员或主席，特别是指英国国教教士会议的下议院议长 ``` ``` 语源 Medieval Latin prōlocūtor Medieval Latin prōlocūtor from prōlocūtus [past participle of] prōloquī [to speak forth] from prōlocūtus [past participle of] prōloquī [to speak forth] prō- [forward] * see pro- 1 prō- [forward] *参见 pro-1 loquī [to speak] * see tolk w- loquī [to speak] *参见 tolk w- ```

Answer 81

obloquy obloquy (n.) mid-15c., "evil speaking," from L.L. obloquium "speaking against, contradiction," from L. obloqui "to speak against, contradict," from ob "against" (see ob-) + loqui "to speak," from PIE *tolkw-/*tlokw- "to speak" (see locution). Related: Obloquious. 韦氏大学 ob·lo·quy \ˈä-blə-kwē\ noun (plural -quies) Etymology: Middle English obloquie, from Anglo-French, from Late Latin obloquium, from obloqui to speak against, from ob- against + loqui to speak Date: 15th century 1. : a strongly condemnatory utterance : abusive language 2. : the condition of one that is discredited : bad repute Synonyms: see abuse 牛津高阶英汉双解 obloquy / ˈɔbləkwɪ; ˋɑbləkwɪ/ n [U] (fml 文) public shame or disgrace; abuse; discredit 公开的羞辱; 辱骂; 败坏名誉.

Answer 82

Etymonline logos logos (n.) 1580s, Logos, "the divine Word, second person of the Christian Trinity," from Gk. logos "word, speech, discourse," also "reason," from PIE root *leg- "to collect" (with derivatives meaning "to speak," on notion of "to pick out words;" see lecture (n.)); used by Neo-Platonists in various metaphysical and theological senses and picked up by New Testament writers. Other English formations from logos include logolatry "worship of words, unreasonable regard for words or verbal truth" (1810 in Coleridge); logomania (1870); logophobia (1923). 韦氏大学 Lo·gos \ˈlō-ˌgäs, -ˌgōs\ noun (plural Lo·goi \-ˌgȯi\) Etymology: Greek, speech, word, reason — more at legend Date: 1587 1. : the divine wisdom manifest in the creation, government, and redemption of the world and often identified with the second person of the Trinity 2. : reason that in ancient Greek philosophy is the controlling principle in the universe 美国传统词典英汉 Lo.gos AHD:[lōʹgōs', lŏgʹŏs'] D.J.[ˈləʊˌgəʊs, ˈlɒgˌɒs] K.K.[ˈloˌgos, ˈlɑgˌɑs] n.（名词） Philosophy 【哲学】 In pre-Socratic philosophy, the principle governing the cosmos, the source of this principle, or human reasoning about the cosmos. 逻各斯：在苏格拉底之前的哲学中，支配宇宙的原则、这种原则的来源或人类关于宇宙的推理 Among the Sophists, the topics of rational argument or the arguments themselves. 诡辩家中理性论争的题目或论争本身 In Stoicism, the active, material, rational principle of the cosmos; nous. Identified with God, it is the source of all activity and generation and is the power of reason residing in the human soul. 理性，理念：斯多葛学派中宇宙的活跃的、物质的、理性的原则；常识。当被认同为上帝时，它是所有活动和产生的源泉，是存在于人类灵魂中的推理能力 Judaism 【犹太教】 In biblical Judaism, the word of God, which itself has creative power and is God's medium of communication with the human race. 圣子：在圣经犹太教中的上帝这个词，这个词本身有创造力，上帝通过它与人类沟通 In Hellenistic Judaism, a hypostasis associated with divine wisdom. 在希腊犹太人教中的神格之一，与神的智慧有关系 Theology In Saint John's Gospel, especially in the prologue (1:1-14), the creative word of God, which is itself God and incarnate in Jesus.Also called In this sense, also called Word 【神学】道：在《约翰福音》中，尤其在序言中（1∶1－14）的上帝的有创造力的词，它本身就是上帝，托身于耶稣体内也作在此意义上也可称作 Word 语源 Greek * see leg- 希腊语 *参见 leg-

Answer 83

divine divine (v.) "to conjure, to guess," originally "to make out by supernatural insight," mid-14c., from O.Fr. deviner, from V.L. *devinare, dissimilated from *divinare, from L. divinus (see divine (adj.)), which also meant "soothsayer." Related: Divined; diviner; divining. Divining rod (or wand) attested from 1650s. Etymonline divine divine (adj.) c.1300, from O.Fr. devin (12c.), from L. divinus "of a god," from divus "a god," related to deus "god, deity" (see Zeus). Weakened sense of "excellent" had evolved by late 15c. Etymonline divine divine (n.) c.1300, "soothsayer," from O.Fr. devin, from L. divinus (adj.); see divine (adj.). Meaning "ecclesiastic, theologian" is from late 14c. 韦氏大学 di·vine I. \də-ˈvīn\ adjective (di·vin·er ; -est) Etymology: Middle English divin, from Anglo-French, from Latin divinus, from divus god — more at deity Date: 14th century 1. a. : of, relating to, or proceeding directly from God or a god b. : being a deity c. : directed to a deity 2. a. : supremely good : superb ``` b. : heavenly, godlike • di·vine·ly adverb II. noun Etymology: Middle English, from Medieval Latin divinus, from Latin, soothsayer, from divinus, adjective Date: 14th century 1. : clergyman 2. : theologian III. verb (di·vined ; di·vin·ing) Etymology: Middle English, from Anglo-French & Latin; Anglo-French deviner, from Latin divinare, from divinus, noun Date: 14th century transitive verb 1. : to discover by intuition or insight : infer ``` 2. : to discover or locate (as water or minerals underground) usually by means of a divining rod intransitive verb 1. : to practice divination : prophesy 2. : to perceive intuitively Synonyms: see foresee 牛津高阶英汉双解 divine1 / dɪˈvaɪn; dəˋvaɪn/ adj 1. [usu attrib 通常作定语] of, from or like God or a god 上帝或神的; 上帝或神赐予的; 如同神灵的: Di,vine `Service, ie the public worship of God （公众对上帝的）礼拜. 2. (infml 口) wonderful, lovely, etc 极好的﹑ 可爱的等: You look simply divine, darling! 你简直动人极了, 亲爱的! > divinely adv: You dance divinely. 你跳舞跳得棒极了. divine2 / dɪˈvaɪn; dəˋvaɪn/ v [Tn, Tf] 1. (fml 文) sense (sth) by intuition; guess （凭直觉）意识到（某事物）; 猜测: divine sb's thoughts, sb's intentions, the truth 领悟某人的思想﹑ 察觉某人的意图﹑ 猜出事情的真相. 2. reveal (sth hidden, esp the future) by magical means 占卜（某未知事物, 尤指未来）; 卜测; 预卜: Astrologers claim to be able to divine what the stars hold in store for us. 占星家声称能预知祸福. > diviner (also `water-diviner) n person who divines, esp one who searches for underground water using a divining-rod 占卜者; （尤指）用占卜杖探寻地下水源的人. # di`vining-rod n Y-shaped stick used by a water-diviner （卜测水源者用的）占卜杖（呈Y形）.

Answer 84

lo·gis·tics \lō-ˈjis-tiks, lə-\ noun plural but singular or plural in construction Etymology: French logistique art of calculating, logistics, from Greek logistikē art of calculating, from feminine of logistikos of calculation, from logizein to calculate, from logos reason Date: circa 1861 1. : the aspect of military science dealing with the procurement, maintenance, and transportation of military matériel, facilities, and personnel 2. : the handling of the details of an operation 牛津高阶英汉双解 logistics / ləˈdʒɪstɪks; ləˋdʒɪstɪks/ n [sing or pl v] organization of supplies and services, etc for any complex operation 后勤. > logistic, logistical/ ləˈdʒɪstɪkl; ləˋdʒɪstɪkəl/ adjs: Organizing famine relief presents huge logistical problems. 筹画饥馑救济工作在后勤方面困难极大. logistically / -klɪ; -klɪ/ adv.

Answer 85

Etymonline epilogue epilogue (n.) early 15c., from M.Fr. epilogue (13c.), from L. epilogus, from Gk. epilogos "conclusion of a speech," from epi "upon, in addition" (see epi-) + logos "a speaking" (see lecture (n.)). Earliest English sense was theatrical. 韦氏大学 ep·i·logue noun also ep·i·log \ˈe-pə-ˌlȯg, -ˌläg\ Etymology: Middle English epiloge, from Middle French epilogue, from Latin epilogus, from Greek epilogos, from epilegein to say in addition, from epi- + legein to say — more at legend Date: 15th century 1. : a concluding section that rounds out the design of a literary work 2. a. : a speech often in verse addressed to the audience by an actor at the end of a play; also : the actor speaking such an epilogue b. : the final scene of a play that comments on or summarizes the main action 3. : the concluding section of a musical composition : coda 牛津高阶英汉双解 epilogue / ˈepɪlɔg; ˋɛpəˏlɔɡ/ (US epilog / -lɔːg; -lɔɡ/) n (a) part or section added at the end of a book, play, film, programme, etc, as a comment on the main action （书﹑ 剧本﹑ 电影﹑ 节目等的）结尾部分, 后记; 跋. (b) short speech or poem spoken by one of the characters at the end of a play （戏剧演出结束时由一个角色念的）收场白, 收场诗: Fortinbras speaks the epilogue in Shakespeare's `Hamlet'. 在莎士比亚的《哈姆雷特》中, 由福丁布拉斯念收场白. Cf 参看 prologue.

Answer 86

``` apologia (n.) see apology. 韦氏大学 ap·o·lo·gia \ˌa-pə-ˈlō-j(ē-)ə\ noun Etymology: Late Latin Date: 1784 : a defense especially of one's opinions, position, or actions ``` ``` Synonyms: see apology 美国传统词典英汉 ap.o.lo.gi.a AHD:[ăp'ə-lōʹjē-ə, -jə] D.J.[ˌæpəˈləʊdʒiːə, -dʒə] K.K.[ˌæpəˈlodʒiə, -dʒə] n.（名词） A formal defense or justification.See Synonyms at apology 正式辩护，正式辩解参见 apology ``` ``` 语源 Latin [apology] 拉丁语 [辩护] from Greek apologia * see apology 源自希腊语 apologia *参见 apology ```

Answer 87

apol·o·gist \ə-ˈpä-lə-jist\ noun Date: 1640 : one who speaks or writes in defense of someone or something 牛津高阶英汉双解 apologist / əˈpɔlədʒɪst; əˋpɑlədʒɪst/ n person who defends a doctrine by logical argument （为某主义的）辩护者.

Answer 88

``` apologue apologue (n.) "moral fable," 1550s, from Fr. apologue, from L. apologus, from Gk. apologos, from apo- "off, away from" (see apo-) + logos "speech" (see lecture (n.)). Literally, "(that which comes) from a speech." 韦氏大学 ap·o·logue \ˈa-pə-ˌlȯg, -ˌläg\ noun Etymology: French, from Latin apologus, from Greek apologos, from apo- + logos speech, narrative Date: circa 1555 : an allegorical narrative usually intended to convey a moral 美国传统词典英汉 ap.o.logue AHD:[ăpʹə-lôg', -lŏg'] D.J.[ˈæpəˌlɔːg, -ˌlɒg] K.K.[ˈæpəˌlɔg, -ˌlɑg] n.（名词） A moral fable, especially one having animals or inanimate objects as characters. 寓言：道德寓言，尤指以动物或无生命物体作为角色的寓言 ``` ``` 语源 French 法语 from Latin apologus 源自拉丁语 apologus from Greek apologos 源自希腊语 apologos apo- [apo-] apo- [前缀，表示“离开”，“远离”] logos [speech] * see leg- logos [讲话，言辞] *参见 leg- ```

Answer 89

syllogism syllogism (n.) late 14c., from O.Fr. silogisme "a syllogism," from L. syllogismus, from Gk. syllogismos "a syllogism," originally "inference, conclusion, computation, calculation," from syllogizesthai "bring together, premise, conclude," lit. "think together," from syn- "together" (see syn-) + logizesthai "to reason, count," from logos "a reckoning, reason" (see logos). 韦氏大学 syl·lo·gism \ˈsi-lə-ˌji-zəm\ noun Etymology: Middle English silogisme, from Anglo-French sillogisme, from Latin syllogismus, from Greek syllogismos, from syllogizesthai to syllogize, from syn- + logizesthai to calculate, from logos reckoning, word — more at legend Date: 14th century 1. : a deductive scheme of a formal argument consisting of a major and a minor premise and a conclusion (as in “every virtue is laudable; kindness is a virtue; therefore kindness is laudable”) 2. : a subtle, specious, or crafty argument 3. : deductive reasoning • syl·lo·gis·tic \ˌsi-lə-ˈjis-tik\ adjective • syl·lo·gis·ti·cal·ly \-ti-k(ə-)lē\ adverb 牛津高阶英汉双解 syllogism / ˈsɪlədʒɪzəm; ˋsɪləˏdʒɪzəm/ n form of reasoning in which a conclusion is drawn from two statements, eg All men must die; I am a man; therefore I must die. 三段论法（从两个前提得出结论的推理方法, 如‘凡是人都必有一死; 我是人; 所以我必有一死.’） Cf 参看 premise2. > syllogistic / ˏsɪləˈdʒɪstɪk; ˏsɪləˋdʒɪstɪk/ adj in the form of or being a syllogism 三段论式的; 三段论法的.

Answer 90

chro·nol·o·gy \-jē\ noun (plural -gies) Etymology: New Latin chronologia, from chron- + -logia -logy Date: 1585 1. : the science that deals with measuring time by regular divisions and that assigns to events their proper dates 2. : a chronological table, list, or account 3. : an arrangement (as of events) in order of occurrence 牛津高阶英汉双解 chronology / krəˈnɔlədʒɪ; krəˋnɑlədʒɪ/ n 1. [U] science of fixing the dates of historical events 年代学. 2. [C] arrangement or list of events in the order in which they occurred 年表: a chronology of Mozart's life 莫札特生平年表.

Answer 91

philology philology (n.) late 14c., "love of learning," from L. philologia "love of learning, love of letters, love of study, literary culture," from Gk. philologia "love of discussion, learning, and literature; studiousness," from philo- "loving" (see philo-) + logos "word, speech" (see logos). Meaning "science of language" is first attested 1716 (philologue "linguist" is from 1590s; philologer "linguistic scholar" is from 1650s); this confusing secondary sense has not been popular in the U.S., where linguistics is preferred. Related: Philological. 韦氏大学 phi·lol·o·gy \fə-ˈlä-lə-jē also fī-\ noun Etymology: French philologie, from Latin philologia love of learning and literature, from Greek, from philologos fond of learning and literature, from phil- + logos word, speech — more at legend Date: 1612 1. : the study of literature and of disciplines relevant to literature or to language as used in literature 2. a. : linguistics; especially : historical and comparative linguistics b. : the study of human speech especially as the vehicle of literature and as a field of study that sheds light on cultural history • phil·o·log·i·cal \ˌfi-lə-ˈlä-ji-kəl\ adjective • phil·o·log·i·cal·ly \-k(ə-)lē\ adverb • phi·lol·o·gist \fə-ˈlä-lə-jist also fī-\ noun

Answer 92

phre·nol·o·gy \fri-ˈnä-lə-jē\ noun Etymology: Greek phren-, phrēn Date: 1805 : the study of the conformation of the skull based on the belief that it is indicative of mental faculties and character • phre·no·log·i·cal \ˌfre-nə-ˈlä-ji-kəl, ˌfrē-\ adjective • phre·nol·o·gist \fri-ˈnä-lə-jist\ noun 牛津高阶英汉双解 phrenology / frəˈnɔlədʒɪ; frɪˋnɑlədʒɪ/ n [U] (esp formerly) study of the shape of a person's skull, esp the natural bumps on it, in order to determine his character and abilities （尤指旧时）颅相学. > phrenological / ˏfrenəˈlɔdʒɪkl; ˏfrɛnəˋlɑdʒɪkəl/ adj. phrenologist / frəˈnɔlədʒɪst; frɪˋnɑlədʒɪst/ n person who practises phrenology 颅相学家.

Answer 93

epistemology epistemology (n.) "theory of knowledge," 1856, coined by Scottish philosopher James F. Ferrier (1808-1864) from Gk. episteme "knowledge," from Ionic Gk. epistasthai "know how to do, understand," lit. "overstand," from epi "over, near" (see epi-) + histasthai "to stand," (see histo-). The scientific (as opposed to philosophical) study of the roots and paths of knowledge is epistemics (1969). Related: Epistemological; epistemologically. 韦氏大学 epis·te·mol·o·gy \i-ˌpis-tə-ˈmä-lə-jē\ noun Etymology: Greek epistēmē knowledge, from epistanai to understand, know, from epi- + histanai to cause to stand — more at stand Date: circa 1856 : the study or a theory of the nature and grounds of knowledge especially with reference to its limits and validity • epis·te·mo·log·i·cal \-mə-ˈlä-ji-kəl\ adjective • epis·te·mo·log·i·cal·ly \-k(ə-)lē\ adverb • epis·te·mol·o·gist \-ˈmä-lə-jist\ noun 美国传统词典英汉 e.pis.te.mol.o.gy AHD:[ĭ-pĭs'tə-mŏlʹə-jē] D.J.[ɪˌpɪstəˈmɒlədʒiː] K.K.[ɪˌpɪstəˈmɑlədʒi] n.（名词） The branch of philosophy that studies the nature of knowledge, its presuppositions and foundations, and its extent and validity. 认识论：哲学的一个分支，研究知识的本质，先决条件和基础及其程度和效力语源 Greek epistēmē [knowledge] from epistasthai [to understand] epi- [epi-] histanai stē- [to place, determine] * see stā- 希腊语 epistēmē [知识] 源自 epistasthai [了解] epi- [前缀，表“在…间”] histanai stē- [放，决定] *参见 stā- -logy -logy 继承用法 epis'temologʹical AHD:[-mə-lŏjʹĭ-kəl] （形容词） epis'temologʹically adv.（副词） epis'temolʹogist n.（名词）

Answer 94

``` pse·phol·o·gy \sē-ˈfä-lə-jē\ noun Etymology: Greek psēphos pebble, ballot, vote; from the use of pebbles by the ancient Greeks in voting Date: 1952 : the scientific study of elections • pse·pho·log·i·cal \ˌsē-fə-ˈlä-ji-kəl\ adjective • pse·phol·o·gist \sē-ˈfä-lə-jist\ noun 牛津高阶英汉双解 psephology / seˈfɔlədʒɪ; US siːˈf-; siˋfɑlədʒɪ/ n [U] study of the way in which people vote in elections, esp by means of opinion polls 选举学. > psephological / ˏsefəˈlɔdʒɪkl; US ˏsiːf-; ˏsifəˋlɑdʒɪkəl/adj of or relating to psephology 选举学的; 与选举学有关的. psephologist / seˈfɔlədʒɪst; US siːˈf-; siˋfɑlədʒɪst/ n expert in or student of psephology 选举学专家; 选举学的研究者. 美国传统词典英汉 pse.phol.o.gy AHD:[sē-fŏlʹə-jē] D.J.[siːˈfɒlədʒiː] K.K.[siˈfɑlədʒi] n.（名词） The study of political elections. 选举学：研究政治选举的学科 ``` ``` 语源 Greek psēphos [pebble, ballot (from the ancient Greeks' use of pebbles for voting)] 希腊语 psēphos [卵石，投票（由古希腊用卵石投票选举而来）] -logy -logy ``` 继承用法 pse'phologʹical AHD:[sē'fə-lŏjʹĭ-kəl] （形容词） psepholʹogist n.（名词）

Answer 95

spe·le·ol·o·gy \ˌspē-lē-ˈä-lə-jē, ˌspe-\ noun Etymology: Latin speleum cave (from Greek spēlaion) + International Scientific Vocabulary -o- + -logy — more at spelunker Date: 1895 : the scientific study or exploration of caves • spe·le·o·log·i·cal \ˌspē-lē-ə-ˈlä-ji-kəl, ˌspe-\ adjective • spe·le·ol·o·gist \ˌspē-lē-ˈä-lə-jist, ˌspe-\ noun 牛津高阶英汉双解 speleology (also spelaeology) / ˏspiːlɪˈɔlədʒɪ; ˏspilɪˋɑlədʒɪ/ n [U] 1. scientific study and exploration of caves 洞穴学. 2. sport of walking in and exploring caves 洞穴探险（运动）. >speleological (also spelae-) / ˏspiːlɪəˈlɔdʒɪkl;ˏspilɪəˋlɑdʒɪkəl/ adj: speleological exploration 洞穴探索. speleologist (also spelae-) / ˏspiːlɪˈɔlədʒɪst; ˏspilɪˋɑlədʒɪst/ n scientist who studies caves; expert in speleology 洞穴学学者; 洞穴探险家.

Answer 96

sac·cha·rine \ˈsa-k(ə-)rən, -kə-ˌrēn, -kə-ˌrīn\ adjective Etymology: Latin saccharum Date: circa 1674 1. a. : of, relating to, or resembling that of sugar b. : yielding or containing sugar 2. : overly or sickishly sweet 3. : ingratiatingly or affectedly agreeable or friendly 4. : overly sentimental : mawkish • sac·cha·rin·i·ty \ˌsa-kə-ˈri-nə-tē\ noun 美国传统词典英汉 sac.cha.rine AHD:[săkʹər-ĭn, -ə-rēn', -ə-rīn'] D.J.[ˈsækərɪn, -əˌriːn, -əˌraɪn] K.K.[ˈsækərɪn, -əˌrin, -əˌraɪn] adj.（形容词） Of, relating to, or characteristic of sugar or saccharin; sweet. 糖的：关于或属于糖或糖精特点的；甜的 Having a cloyingly sweet attitude, tone, or character: 奉承的：有甜的发腻的态度、语气或性格的： a saccharine smile. 甜的发腻的笑 Excessively sentimental: 过分感情化的： “It was enough for him to rely on sentiment . . . and saccharine assertions about The Home”(Kate Millett) “对他来说依靠感情…和过分多愁善感的有关家的断言已足够了”(凯特·米勒) 继承用法 sacʹcharinely adv.（副词） sac'charinʹity AHD:[-ə-rĭnʹĭ-tē] （名词）

Answer 97

``` late 14c., probably via O.Fr. suasion (14c.), from L. suasionem (nom. suasio) "an advising, a counseling," from suasus, pp. of suadere "to urge, persuade" (related to suavis "sweet;" see sweet). Survives chiefly in phrase moral suasion (1640s). 韦氏大学 sua·sion \ˈswā-zhən\ noun Etymology: Middle English, from Latin suasion-, suasio, from suadēre to urge, persuade — more at sweet Date: 14th century : the act of influencing or persuading • sua·sive \ˈswā-siv, -ziv\ adjective • sua·sive·ly adverb • sua·sive·ness noun 美国传统词典英汉 sua.sion AHD:[swāʹzhən] D.J.[ˈsweɪʒən] K.K.[ˈsweʒən] n.（名词） Persuasion: 劝导，说服： moral suasion. 道德劝戒 ``` ``` 语源 Middle English 中古英语 from Old French 源自古法语 from Latin suāsiō suāsiōn- 源自拉丁语 suāsiō suāsiōn- from suāsus [past participle of] suādēre [to advise] * see swād- 源自 suāsus [] suādēre的过去分词 [建议] *参见 swād- ```

Answer 98

early 15c., "gracious, kindly," from M.Fr. suave, from L. suavis "agreeable," from PIE root *swad- (see sweet). In reference to persons, sense of "smoothly agreeable" first recorded 1815 (in suavity). 韦氏大学 suave \ˈswäv\ adjective (suav·er ; -est) Etymology: French, from Middle French, pleasant, sweet, from Latin suavis — more at sweet Date: 1831 1. : smoothly though often superficially gracious and sophisticated 2. : smooth in texture, performance, or style • suave·ly adverb • suave·ness noun • sua·vi·ty \ˈswä-və-tē\ noun Synonyms: suave, urbane, diplomatic, bland, smooth, politic mean pleasantly tactful and well-mannered. suave suggests a specific ability to deal with others easily and without friction urbane implies high cultivation and poise coming from wide social experience diplomatic stresses an ability to deal with ticklish situations tactfully bland emphasizes mildness of manner and absence of irritating qualities smooth suggests often a deliberately assumed suavity politic implies shrewd as well as tactful and suave handling of people 牛津高阶英汉双解 suave / swɑːv; swɑv/ adj (sometimes derog 有时作贬义) (usu of a man) having self-confidence and smooth sophisticated manners （通常指男子）自信而老于世故的. > suavely adv. suaveness, suavity / -ətɪ; -ətɪ/ ns [U].

Answer 99

``` ae·des \ā-ˈē-(ˌ)dēz\ noun (plural aedes) Etymology: New Latin, genus name, from Greek aēdēs unpleasant, from a- + ēdos pleasure; akin to Greek hēdys sweet — more at sweet Date: circa 1909 : any of a genus (Aedes) of mosquitoes including the vector of yellow fever, dengue, and other diseases • ae·dine \-ˈē-ˌdīn\ adjective 美国传统词典英汉 a.e.des AHD:[ā-ēʹdēz] D.J.[eɪˈiːdiːz] K.K.[eˈidiz] n.（名词）【复数】 aedes A mosquito of the genusAëdes, including A. aegypti, which transmits diseases such as yellow fever and dengue. Also called yellow-fever mosquito 伊蚊：一种伊蚊属传播诸如黄热病和登革热等疾病的蚊子，包括埃及伊蚊也作 yellow-fever mosquito ``` ``` 语源 New Latin Aēdēs [genus name] 现代拉丁语 Aēdēs [属名] from Greek aēdēs [unpleasant] 源自希腊语 aēdēs [令人不快的] a- [not] * see a- 1 a- [不] *参见 a-1 ēdos [pleasure] * see swād- ēdos [愉快] *参见 swād- ``` 继承用法 aeʹdine AHD:[-dīn, -dēn] （形容词）

Answer 100

``` deplore deplore (v.) 1550s, "to give up as hopeless," from Fr. déplorer (13c.), from L. deplorare "deplore, bewail, lament, give up for lost," from de- "entirely" (see de-) + plorare "weep, cry out." Meaning "to regret deeply" is from 1560s. Related: Deplored; deploring. 韦氏大学 de·plore \di-ˈplȯr\ transitive verb (de·plored ; de·plor·ing) Etymology: Middle French or Latin; Middle French deplorer, from Latin deplorare, from de- + plorare to wail Date: 1559 1. a. : to feel or express grief for b. : to regret strongly 2. : to consider unfortunate or deserving of deprecation ``` • de·plor·er \-ˈplȯr-ər\ noun • de·plor·ing·ly \-iŋ-lē\ adverb Synonyms: deplore, lament, bewail, bemoan mean to express grief or sorrow for something. deplore implies regret for the loss or impairment of something of value lament implies a profound or demonstrative expression of sorrow bewail and bemoan imply sorrow, disappointment, or protest finding outlet in words or cries, bewail commonly suggesting loudness, and bemoan lugubriousness 牛津高阶英汉双解 deplore / dɪˈplɔː(r); dɪˋplɔr/ v [Tn] (a) be shocked or offended by (sth); condemn 被（某事物）震惊或触犯; 谴责: She deplored his scandalous actions. 她谴责他那令人愤慨的行为. (b) feel sorrow or regret about (sth) 对（某事物）感到悲伤或悔恨. > deplorable / dɪˈplɔːrəbl; dɪˋplɔrəbl/ adj that is, or should be, condemned （应）受谴责的: a deplorable attitude, speech 应受谴责的态度﹑ 讲话 * The acting was deplorable! 这种演技糟透了! deplorably / -əblɪ; -əblɪ/ adv.

Answer 101

``` bewail bewail (v.) c.1300, from be- + wail (v.). Related: Bewailed; bewailing. 韦氏大学 be·wail \bi-ˈwā(ə)l\ transitive verb Date: 14th century 1. : to wail over 2. : to express deep sorrow for usually by wailing and lamentation ``` Synonyms: see deplore 牛津高阶英汉双解 bewail / bɪˈweɪl; bɪˋwel/ v [Tn] (fml 文) express sorrow over (sth); mourn for 因（某事物）而悲愁; 悲哀: bewailing one's lost youth, innocence, etc 为失去的青春﹑ 天真等而感伤.

Answer 102

``` Etymonline wail wail (v.) early 14c., from O.N. væla "to lament," from væ "woe" (see woe). Of jazz musicians, "to play very well," attested from 1955, American English slang (wailing "excellent" is attested from 1954). The noun is recorded from c.1400. 韦氏大学 wail I. \ˈwāl\ verb Etymology: Middle English weilen, waylen, perhaps modification (influenced by Middle English weilawei wellaway) of Old Norse væla, vāla to wail; akin to Old Norse vei woe — more at woe Date: 14th century intransitive verb 1. : to express sorrow audibly : lament 2. : to make a sound suggestive of a mournful cry 3. : to express dissatisfaction plaintively : complain transitive verb archaic 1. : bewail 2. : to say or express plaintively ``` • wail·er \ˈwā-lər\ noun II. noun Date: 15th century 1. : the act or practice of wailing : loud lamentation 2. a. : a usually prolonged cry or sound expressing grief or pain b. : a sound suggestive of wailing c. : a querulous expression of grievance : complaint 牛津高阶英汉双解 wail / weɪl; wel/ v 1. (a) [I, Ipr] ~ (about/over sth) cry or complain (about sth) in a loud (usu shrill) voice （大声）哭, 诉苦（通常指尖声地）: wail with grief 恸哭 * The sick child was wailing miserably. 那个患儿难受得连哭带喊. * There's no use wailing about/over mistakes made in the past. 为过去的错误痛哭是没有用的. (b) [I] (fig 比喻) make a sound similar to that of a person wailing 发出似哭号的尖声: ambulances racing along with sirens wailing 高声鸣笛疾驶的救护车 * You can hear the wind wailing in the chimney. 可以听到风穿过烟囱发出的尖声. (c) [Tn, Tf] say (sth) in a wailing way 哭着说（某事）: `I've lost all my money!' she wailed. 她哭着说: ‘我的钱都丢了!’ * The child was wailing loudly that she had hurt her foot. 那个女孩儿大声哭着说她的脚受伤了. 2. [Ipr] ~ for sb express one's grief at the loss or death of sb; mourn sb 为某人死亡而悲痛; 哀悼某人: She was wailing for her lost child. 她为死去的孩子伤心悲痛. =>Usage at cry 用法见cry. > wail n (a) shrill cry, esp of pain or grief 尖叫; （尤指）痛哭: The child burst into loud wails. 那个孩子突然大哭起来. * She uttered a wail of grief. 她悲痛地大声尖叫. (b) sound similar to this 尖叫声; （尤指）痛哭声: the wail of sirens 警报器的呼啸声.

Answer 103

``` lamentation lamentation (n.) late 14c., from O.Fr. lamentacion and directly from L. lamentationem (nom. lamentatio) "wailing, moaning, weeping," noun of action from pp. stem of lamentari "to wail, moan, weep, lament," from lamentum "a wailing," from PIE root *la- "to shout, cry," probably ultimately imitative. Replaced Old English cwiþan. 韦氏大学 lam·en·ta·tion \ˌla-mən-ˈtā-shən\ noun Date: 14th century : an act or instance of lamenting 美国传统词典英汉 lam.en.ta.tion AHD:[lăm'ən-tāʹshən] D.J.[ˌlæmənˈteɪʃən] K.K.[ˌlæmənˈteʃən] n.（名词） The act of lamenting. 哀悼：哀悼的行为 A lament. 哀悼 Lamentations (used with a sing. verb)Abbr. Lam.,LmBible See table at Bible Lamentations （与单数动词连用）缩写 Lam.,Lm【圣经】参见 Bible ```

Answer 104

Etymonline lament lament (n.) 1590s, from M.Fr. lament and directly from L. lamentum (see lamentation). Etymonline lament lament (v.) mid-15c., back formation from lamentation or else from M.Fr. lamenter "to moan, bewail" (14c.) and directly from L. lamentari, from lamentum (see lamentation). Related: Lamented; lamenting. 韦氏大学 la·ment I. \lə-ˈment\ verb Etymology: Middle English lementen, from Middle French & Latin; Middle French lamenter, from Latin lamentari, from lamentum, noun, lament Date: 15th century intransitive verb : to mourn aloud : wail transitive verb 1. : to express sorrow, mourning, or regret for often demonstratively : mourn 2. : to regret strongly Synonyms: see deplore II. noun Date: 1591 1. : a crying out in grief : wailing 2. : dirge, elegy 3. : complaint 牛津高阶英汉双解 lament / ləˈment; ləˋmɛnt/ v (a) [I, Ipr, Tn] ~ (for/over sb/sth) feel or express great sorrow or regret for (sb/sth) 为（某人[某事物]）感到悲痛; 哀悼; 痛惜: lament loudly 哀嚎 * lament (for) a dead friend 哀悼亡友 * lament (over) one's misfortunes 悲叹自己的不幸 * lament the passing of old ways 浩叹古风的沉沦. (b) [I, Tn] complain (about sth) 抱怨（某事）: She's always lamenting the lack of sports facilities in town. 她总是抱怨伦敦缺少体育设施. > lament n 1. strong expression of grief 悲恸. 2. song or poem expressing grief; dirge 挽歌; 哀诗: a funeral lament 挽歌. lamentable / ˈlæməntəbl; ˋlæməntəbl/ adj regrettable; deplorable 惋惜的; 可悲的: a lamentable loss of life, lack of foresight 令人悲叹的生命损失﹑ 缺乏远见. `lamentably / -əblɪ; -əblɪ/ adv. lamentation / ˏlæmenˈteɪʃn; ˏlæmənˋteʃən/ n 1 [U] lamenting 悲痛; 哀悼; 痛惜; 抱怨: Much lamentation followed the death of the old king. 老国王晏驾, 人们悲恸不已. 2 [C] expression of grief; lament 悲叹; 挽歌; 哀诗. lamented adj (rhet or joc 修辞或谑) mourned for; regretted 悲叹的; 痛惜的: the much lamented pound note 那张令人痛惜的一镑的钞票 * our late lamented friend 令我们惋惜的故友.

Answer 105

implore implore (v.) c.1500, from M.Fr. implorer and directly from L. implorare "call for help, beseech," originally "invoke with weeping," from assimilated form of in- "on, upon" (see in- (2)) + plorare "to weep, cry out." Related: Implored; imploring; imploringly. 韦氏大学 im·plore \im-ˈplȯr\ transitive verb (im·plored ; im·plor·ing) Etymology: Middle French or Latin; Middle French implorer, from Latin implorare, from in- + plorare to cry out Date: circa 1540 1. : to call upon in supplication : beseech 2. : to call or pray for earnestly : entreat ``` Synonyms: see beg • im·plor·ing·ly adverb 牛津高阶英汉双解 implore / ɪmˈplɔː(r); ɪmˋplɔr/ v [Tn, Dn.t] ask or beg (sb) earnestly; beseech 恳求或乞求（某人）; 哀求: `Help me,' he implored. ‘救救我吧,’他哀求道. * implore sb's forgiveness, mercy, etc 乞求某人原谅﹑ 宽恕等 * They implored her to stay. 他们恳求她留下. =>Usage at ask用法见ask. > imploring adj: She gave him an imploring look. 她以哀求的眼神看着他. imploringly adv. ```

Answer 106

Etymonline disquisition disquisition (n.) c.1600, "subject for investigation," also "systematic search," from L. disquisitionem (nom. disquisitio) "an inquiry, investigation," noun of action from pp. stem of disquirere "inquire," from dis- "apart" (see dis-) + quaerere "seek, ask" (see query). Sense of "long speech" first recorded 1640s. 韦氏大学 dis·qui·si·tion \ˌdis-kwə-ˈzi-shən\ noun Etymology: Latin disquisition-, disquisitio, from disquirere to investigate, from dis- + quaerere to seek Date: 1640 : a formal inquiry into or discussion of a subject : discourse 牛津高阶英汉双解 disquisition / ˏdɪskwɪˈzɪʃn; ˏdɪskwəˋzɪʃən/ n ~ (on sth) long elaborate spoken or written report or account （悉心作出的）长篇演讲或论文.

Answer 107

inquisition inquisition (n.) late 14c., "judicial investigation, act or process of inquiring," from O.Fr. inquisicion "inquiry, investigation" (12c.), from L. inquisitionem (nom. inquisitio) "a searching into, legal examination," noun of action from pp. stem of inquirere (see inquire). In Church history, inquisitors were appointed from 382 C.E. to root out heretics, and the Inquisition refers to the ecclesiastical court (Congregation of the Holy Office) appointed 13c. by Innocent III to suppress heresy. It never operated in Britain. The capital letter form appeared in English only after c.1500, and usually refers to the office's reorganization 1478-1483 in Spain as what is commonly called the Spanish Inquisition. 韦氏大学 in·qui·si·tion \ˌin-kwə-ˈzi-shən, ˌiŋ-\ noun Etymology: Middle English inquisicioun, from Anglo-French inquisition, from Latin inquisition-, inquisitio, from inquirere Date: 14th century 1. : the act of inquiring : examination 2. : a judicial or official inquiry or examination usually before a jury; also : the finding of the jury 3. a. capitalized : a former Roman Catholic tribunal for the discovery and punishment of heresy b. : an investigation conducted with little regard for individual rights c. : a severe questioning • in·qui·si·tion·al \-ˈzi-sh(ə-)nəl\ adjective 牛津高阶英汉双解 inquisition / ˏɪnkwɪˈzɪʃn; ˏɪnkwəˋzɪʃən/ n 1. the Inquisition(also the Holy `Office) [sing] organization appointed by the Roman Catholic Church to suppress heresy (esp from the 15th to the 17th century) （天主教镇压异教徒的）异端裁判所, 宗教法庭（尤指15至17世纪的）. 2. [C] ~ (into sth) (fml or joc 文或谑) investigation or interrogation, esp one that is severe and looks closely into details 调查, 查究, 盘问（尤指严格而详细的）: I was subjected to a lengthy inquisition into the state of my marriage and the size of my bank balance. 有关方面就我的婚姻状况以及银行存款馀额对我进行了详细的调查.

Answer 108

requisite requisite late 15c., from L. requisitus, pp. of requirere (see require). 韦氏大学 req·ui·site \ˈre-kwə-zət\ adjective Etymology: Middle English, from Latin requisitus, past participle of requirere Date: 15th century : essential, necessary • requisite noun • req·ui·site·ness noun 牛津高阶英汉双解 requisite / ˈrekwɪzɪt; ˋrɛkwəzɪt/ adj [attrib 作定语] (fml 文) required by circumstances or necessary for success （情况）需要的; （成功）必要的: Have you the requisite visa to enter Canada? 你有进入加拿大必备的签证吗? * have/lack the requisite capital to start a business 有[没有]创业所需的资金. > requisite n ~ (for sth) thing needed for a purpose 必需的事物: toilet requisites, eg soap, perfume, etc 梳妆用品（如肥皂﹑ 香水等） * We supply every requisite for travel/all travelling requisites. 本处供应旅行必备的一切用品.

Answer 109

requisition (n.) c.1500, from O.Fr. requisition, from L. requisitionem (nom. requisitio) "a searching," from pp. stem of requisitus (see requisite). As a verb, from 1837. Related: Requisitioned; requisitioning. 韦氏大学 req·ui·si·tion \ˌre-kwə-ˈzi-shən\ noun Etymology: Middle English requisicion, from Middle French or Medieval Latin; Middle French requisition, from Medieval Latin requisition-, requisitio, from Latin, act of searching, from requirere Date: 15th century 1. a. : the act of formally requiring or calling upon someone to perform an action b. : a formal demand made by one nation upon another for the surrender or extradition of a fugitive from justice 2. a. : the act of requiring something to be furnished b. : a demand or application made usually with authority: as (1) : a demand made by military authorities upon civilians for supplies or other needs (2) : a written request for something authorized but not made available automatically 3. : the state of being in demand or use • requisition transitive verb 牛津高阶英汉双解 requisition / ˏrekwɪˈzɪʃn; ˏrɛkwəˋzɪʃən/ n 1. [C] ~ (on sb) (for sth) official, usu written, demand for (esp) the use of property or materials by an army in wartime or by certain people in an emergency 正式要求; （尤指军队）征用; （通常指）征用文书: make a requisition on headquarters for supplies 向司令部申请补给品. 2. [U] action of demanding in this way 正式要求; 征用: The farm was in/under constant requisition as a base for the rescue team. 这农场一再征用作救援队的活动基地. * [attrib 作定语] a requisition form, order, etc 征用单﹑ 征用令. > requisition v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.n/a] ~ sth (from sb); ~ sth as sth demand (the use of sth) by a requisition 正式要求（使用某物）; 征用: requisition billets, blankets, horses (from the villagers) （向村民）征用部队用的住房﹑ 毯子﹑ 马 * The town hall was requisitioned as army headquarters. 市政厅征用作了军队的指挥部. 2 [Tn.pr, Tnt] ~ sb (for sth) command sb officially to do sth 命令或指示某人做某事: requisition the villagers for billets/to provide billets 命令村民为部队提供住房. 美国传统词典英汉 req.ui.si.tion AHD:[rĕk'wĭ-zĭshʹən] D.J.[ˌrekwɪˈzɪʃən] K.K.[ˌrɛkwɪˈzɪʃən] n.Abbr. req.（名词）缩写 req. A formal written request for something needed. 正式请求：对某需求物的正式的书面要求 A necessity; a requirement. 需要；要求 The state or condition of being needed or put into service. 征用：被需要或服役的状态或情况 Law A formal request of one government to another demanding the return of a criminal or fugitive. 【法律】引渡犯人的要求：一国政府向另一国政府提出的交回罪犯或逃亡者的正式要求 v.tr.（及物动词） req.ui.si.tioned, req.ui.si.tion.ing, req.ui.si.tions To demand, as for military needs. 征用：强令，如为了军事需要 To make demands of. 向…要求

Answer 110

``` Etymonline exquisite exquisite (adj.) early 15c., "carefully selected," from L. exquisitus "carefully sought out," thus, "choice," from pp. of exquirere "search out thoroughly," from ex- "out" (see ex-) + quaerere "to seek" (see query). Of any thing (good or bad, torture as well as art) brought to a highly wrought condition, sometimes shading into disapproval. A vogue word 15c.-18c., given wide extensions of meaning, none of which survives. The main modern sense of "of consummate and delightful excellence" is first attested 1579, in Lyly's "Euphues." Related: Exquisitely; exquisiteness. The noun meaning "a dandy, fop" is from 1819. 韦氏大学 ex·qui·site I. \ek-ˈskwi-zət, ˈek-(ˌ)\ adjective Etymology: Middle English exquisit, from Latin exquisitus, past participle of exquirere to search out, from ex- + quaerere to seek Date: 15th century 1. : carefully selected : choice 2. archaic : accurate 3. a. : marked by flawless craftsmanship or by beautiful, ingenious, delicate, or elaborate execution ``` b. : marked by nice discrimination, deep sensitivity, or subtle understanding c. : accomplished, perfected 4. a. : pleasing through beauty, fitness, or perfection b. : acute, intense c. : having uncommon or esoteric appeal Synonyms: see choice • ex·qui·site·ly adverb • ex·qui·site·ness noun II. noun Date: 1819 : one who is overly fastidious in dress or ornament 牛津高阶英汉双解 exquisite / ˈekskwɪzɪt, also ɪkˈskwɪzɪt; ˋɛkskwɪzɪt, ɪkˋskwɪ-zɪt/ adj 1. extremely beautiful or delicate; finely or skilfully made or done 优美的; 优雅的; 精致的; 制作精良的: (an) exquisite painting 极漂亮的画 * exquisite workmanship 精致的工艺 * an exquisite piece of lace 精美的花边. 2. (fml 文) (a) (of emotion) strongly felt; acute （指感情）感觉强烈的; 剧烈的: exquisite joy, happiness, etc 极大的愉快﹑ 幸福等 * exquisite pain, agony, etc 剧烈的疼痛﹑ 痛苦等. (b) (of power to feel) delicate; sensitive （指感觉﹑ 感受）敏锐的, 敏感的: exquisite taste 高尚的趣味 * exquisite sensibility 细腻的感情. > exquisitely adv. exquisiteness n [U].

Answer 111

mid-15c., "property acquired other than by inheritance," from M.L. perquisitum "thing gained, profit," in classical Latin, "thing sought after," noun use of neuter pp. of perquirere "to seek, ask for," from per- "thoroughly" (see per) + quærere "to seek" (see query). For Latin vowel change, see acquisition. General meaning "fee or profit on top of regular wages" first recorded 1560s. 韦氏大学 per·qui·site \ˈpər-kwə-zət\ noun Etymology: Middle English, property acquired by means other than inheritance, from Anglo-French perquisit, Medieval Latin perquisitum, from neuter of perquisitus, past participle of perquirere to purchase, acquire, from Latin, to search for thoroughly, from per- thoroughly + quaerere to seek Date: 15th century 1. : a privilege, gain, or profit incidental to regular salary or wages; especially : one expected or promised 2. : gratuity, tip 3. : something held or claimed as an exclusive right or possession 牛津高阶英汉双解 perquisite / ˈpɜːkwɪzɪt; ˋpəkwəzɪt/ n (esp pl 尤作复数) (fml 文) 1. (infml 口语作 perk) money or goods given or regarded as a right in addition to one's pay （工资以外的）财物补贴, 额外收入, 津贴, 奖金, 小费: Perquisites include the use of the company car. 福利包括可以使用公司的汽车. 2. special advantage or right enjoyed as a result of one's position （随职位而得到的）好处, 利益, 便利, 特权, 优待: Politics in Britain used to be the perquisite of the property-owning classes. 英国的政治以往是有产阶级的特权. 美国传统词典英汉 per.qui.site AHD:[pûrʹkwĭ-zĭt] D.J.[ˈpɜːkwɪzɪt] K.K.[ˈpɝkwɪzɪt] n.（名词） A payment or profit received in addition to a regular wage or salary, especially a benefit expected as one's due.See Synonyms at right 额外收入，额外利益，津贴：除正常的工资或薪水以外，收到的报酬或利润，尤指某人期望得到的应得利益参见 right A tip; a gratuity. 小费，奖金 Something claimed as an exclusive right: 特权：额外的权利赋予的东西： “Politics was the perquisite of the upper class”(Richard B. Sewall) “参政是上层阶级的特权”(理查德B.休厄尔) 语源 From Middle English perquisites [property acquired otherwise than by inheritance] 源自中古英语 perquisites [不是通过继承而获得的财富] from Medieval Latin perquīsītum [acquisition] 源自中世纪拉丁语 perquīsītum [获得物] from Latin [neuter past participle of] perquīrere [to search diligently for] 源自拉丁语 [] perquīrere的中性过去分词 [努力地搜查] per- [per-] per- [前缀，表示“通过，透过”等意] quaerere [to seek] quaerere [寻找]

Answer 112

gratuitous gratuitous (adj.) 1650s, "freely bestowed," from L. gratuitus "done without pay, spontaneous, voluntary," from gratus "pleasing, agreeable," from gratia "favor" (see grace). Sense of "uncalled for, done without good reason" is first recorded 1690s. 韦氏大学 gra·tu·itous \grə-ˈtü-ə-təs, -ˈtyü-\ adjective Etymology: Latin gratuitus, from gratus Date: 1656 1. a. : given unearned or without recompense b. : not involving a return benefit, compensation, or consideration c. : costing nothing : free 2. : not called for by the circumstances : unwarranted ``` • gra·tu·itous·ly adverb • gra·tu·itous·ness noun 美国传统词典英汉 gra.tu.i.tous AHD:[grə-t›ʹĭ-təs, -ty›ʹ-] D.J.[grəˈtuːɪtəs, -ˈtjuː-] K.K.[grəˈtuɪtəs, -ˈtju-] adj.（形容词） Given or granted without return or recompense; unearned. 免费的，不收酬劳的：无需回报或无偿地给予或授予的；无所获取的 Given or received without cost or obligation; free. 无偿的：免费或无需承担义务和费用地得到或接受的；免费的 Unnecessary or unwarranted; unjustified: 不必要的，无根据的：不必要的或没有保证的；未被公证的： gratuitous criticism. 没有根据的批评 ```

Answer 113

qua "as, in the capacity of," from L. qua, ablative singular fem. of qui "who," from PIE *kwo-, stem of relative and interrogative pronouns (cf. O.E. hwa "who," hwæt "what;" Goth. hvas "who;" Gk. posos "how much?"). 韦氏大学 qua \ˈkwä also ˈkwā\ preposition Etymology: Latin, which way, as, from ablative singular feminine of qui who — more at who Date: 1647 : in the capacity or character of : as ``` 美国传统词典英汉 qua AHD:[kwā, kwä] D.J.[kweɪ, kwɑː] K.K.[kwe, kwɑ] prep.（介词） In the capacity or character of; as: 以…的资格，或以…身份；作为： The President qua head of the party mediated the dispute. 总统以党的领袖身份出面调解这场争端 ``` ``` 语源 Latin quā [feminine ablative sing. of] quī [who] * see k wo- 拉丁语 quā [] quī的阴性夺格单数 [谁] *参见 k wo- 牛津高阶英汉双解 qua1 => sine qua non qua2 / kweɪ; kwe/ prep (fml 文) in the capacity or characterof (sb/sth); as 以（某人[某事物]）的身分或特性; 作为: I don't dislike sport qua sport I just think it's rather a waste of time. 我倒不是不喜欢运动本身--而是觉得有些浪费时间. ```

Answer 114

qua "as, in the capacity of," from L. qua, ablative singular fem. of qui "who," from PIE *kwo-, stem of relative and interrogative pronouns (cf. O.E. hwa "who," hwæt "what;" Goth. hvas "who;" Gk. posos "how much?"). 韦氏大学 qua \ˈkwä also ˈkwā\ preposition Etymology: Latin, which way, as, from ablative singular feminine of qui who — more at who Date: 1647 : in the capacity or character of : as ``` 美国传统词典英汉 qua AHD:[kwā, kwä] D.J.[kweɪ, kwɑː] K.K.[kwe, kwɑ] prep.（介词） In the capacity or character of; as: 以…的资格，或以…身份；作为： The President qua head of the party mediated the dispute. 总统以党的领袖身份出面调解这场争端 ``` ``` 语源 Latin quā [feminine ablative sing. of] quī [who] * see k wo- 拉丁语 quā [] quī的阴性夺格单数 [谁] *参见 k wo- 牛津高阶英汉双解 qua1 => sine qua non qua2 / kweɪ; kwe/ prep (fml 文) in the capacity or characterof (sb/sth); as 以（某人[某事物]）的身分或特性; 作为: I don't dislike sport qua sport I just think it's rather a waste of time. 我倒不是不喜欢运动本身--而是觉得有些浪费时间. ```

Answer 115

``` quiddity quiddity (n.) 1530s, "captious nicety in argument" from M.L. quidditas, lit. "whatness," from L. quid "what," neuter of quis (see who). Sense developed from scholastic disputes over the nature of things. Original meaning "real essence or nature of a thing" is attested in English from 1560s. 韦氏大学 quid·di·ty \ˈkwi-də-tē\ noun (plural -ties) Etymology: Middle English quidite, from Medieval Latin quidditat-, quidditas essence, from Latin quid what, neuter of quis who — more at who Date: 14th century 1. : whatever makes something the type that it is : essence 2. a. : a trifling point : quibble b. : crotchet, eccentricity 美国传统词典英汉 quid.di.ty AHD:[kwĭdʹĭ-tē] D.J.[ˈkwɪdɪtiː] K.K.[ˈkwɪdɪti] n.（名词）【复数】 quid.di.ties The real nature of a thing; the essence. 实质：一事物的真实性质；本质 A hairsplitting distinction; a quibble. 吹毛求疵：作过于细微的区别；吹毛求疵 ``` ``` 语源 Medieval Latin quidditās 中世纪拉丁语 quidditās from Latin quid [what] * see k wo- 源自拉丁语 quid [什么] *参见 k wo- ```

Answer 116

``` quip (n.) 1530s, variant of quippy in same sense (1510s), perhaps from L. quippe "indeed, forsooth" (used sarcastically), from quid "what," neut. of quis "who" (cf. quibble (n.)) + emphatic particle -pe. Etymonline quip quip (v.) 1580s, from quip (n.). Related: Quipped; quipping. 韦氏大学 quip I. \ˈkwip\ noun Etymology: earlier quippy, perhaps from Latin quippe indeed, to be sure (often ironic), from quid what — more at quiddity Date: 1532 1. a. : a clever usually taunting remark : gibe b. : a witty or funny observation or response usually made on the spur of the moment 2. : quibble, equivocation 3. : something strange, droll, curious, or eccentric : oddity • quip·py \ˈkwi-pē\ adjective II. verb (quipped ; quip·ping) Date: 1579 intransitive verb : to make quips : gibe transitive verb : to jest or gibe at • quip·per \ˈkwi-pər\ noun 美国传统词典英汉 quip AHD:[kwĭp] D.J.[kwɪp] K.K.[kwɪp] n.（名词） A clever, witty remark often prompted by the occasion. 妙语，俏皮话：经常是即兴说出的机智风趣的话语 A clever, often sarcastic remark; a gibe.See Synonyms at joke 讽刺语：机智，经常含有讽刺意味的评论；嘲讽参见 joke A petty distinction or objection; a quibble. 遁辞：微不足道的区别或反对；遁辞 Something curious or odd. 怪事：奇怪或怪诞的事物 v.intr.（不及物动词） quipped, quip.ping, quips To make quips or a quip. 说妙语，说俏皮话 ``` ``` 语源 Alteration of obsolete quippy 废语 quippy的变化 perhaps from Latin quippe [indeed] 可能源自拉丁语 quippe [事实上] from quid [what] * see k wo- 源自 quid [什么] *参见 k wo- ``` 继承用法 quipʹpy adj.（形容词）

Answer 117

``` Etymonline quotidian quotidian (adj.) mid-14c., "everyday, daily," from L. quotidianus "daily," from L. quotus "how many, which in order or number" + dies "day" (see diurnal). 韦氏大学 quo·tid·i·an \kwō-ˈti-dē-ən\ adjective Etymology: Middle English cotidian, from Anglo-French, from Latin quotidianus, cotidianus, from quotidie every day, from quot (as) many as + dies day — more at deity Date: 14th century 1. : occurring every day ``` 2. a. : belonging to each day : everyday b. : commonplace, ordinary ``` • quotidian noun 美国传统词典英汉 quo.tid.i.an AHD:[kwō-tĭdʹē-ən] D.J.[kwəʊˈtɪdiːən] K.K.[kwoˈtɪdiən] adj.（形容词） Everyday; commonplace: 每天的；平常的： “There's nothing quite like a real . . . train conductor to add color to a quotidian commute”(Anita Diamant) “没有什么能象一位现实中的火车售票员那样为日常的上下班交通线增加些色彩”(阿尼塔·戴曼) Recurring daily. Used especially of attacks of malaria. 每天发生的，尤指染有疟疾的 ``` ``` 语源 Middle English cotidien 中古英语 cotidien from Old French 源自古法语 from Latin quōtīdiānus 源自拉丁语 quōtīdiānus from quōtīdiē [each day] 源自 quōtīdiē [每天] quot [how many, as many as] * see k wo- quot [多少，和…一样多] *参见 k wo- diē [genitive and dative of] diēs [day] * see deiw- diē [] diēs的所有格和与格 [日子] *参见 deiw- ```

Answer 118

deprecate (v.) 1620s, "to pray against or for deliverance from," from L. deprecatus, pp. of deprecari "to pray (something) away" (see deprecation). Meaning "to express disapproval" is from 1640s. Related: Deprecated, deprecating. 韦氏大学 dep·re·cate \ˈde-pri-ˌkāt\ transitive verb (-cat·ed ; -cat·ing) Etymology: Latin deprecatus, past participle of deprecari to avert by prayer, from de- + precari to pray — more at pray Date: 1628 1. a. archaic : to pray against (as an evil) b. : to seek to avert 2. : to express disapproval of 3. a. : play down : make little of b. : belittle, disparage ``` • dep·re·cat·ing·ly \-ˌkā-tiŋ-lē\ adverb • dep·re·ca·tion \ˌde-pri-ˈkā-shən\ noun 美国传统词典英汉 dep.re.cate AHD:[dĕpʹrĭ-kāt'] D.J.[ˈdeprɪˌkeɪt] K.K.[ˈdɛprɪˌket] v.tr.（及物动词） de.pre.cat.ed, de.pre.cat.ing, de.pre.cates To express disapproval of; deplore. 反对：表示不赞成；反对 To belittle; depreciate. 轻视；蔑视 ``` ``` 语源 Latin dēprecārī dēprecāt- [to ward off by prayer] 拉丁语 dēprecārī dēprecāt- [祈求躲避] dē- [de-] dē- [de-否前缀] precārī [to pray] * see prek- precārī [祈求，祈祷] *参见 prek- ``` 继承用法 depʹrecat'ingly adv.（副词） dep'recaʹtion n.（名词） depʹreca'tor n.（名词）用法 The first and fully accepted meaning ofdeprecate is “to express disapproval of.” But the word has steadily encroached on the meaning ofdepreciate. It is now used, almost to the exclusion ofdepreciate, in the sense “to belittle or mildly disparage,” as inHe deprecated his own contribution. In an earlier survey,this newer sense was approved by a majority of the Usage Panel. Deprecate 的第一个并被完全接受的意义是“表示不满”。但这个词已逐渐延展到depreciate 的意义。而现在depreciate 在“贬低或轻度鄙视”这个意义上几乎不使用了。例如他看不起自己的贡献。在早期的一项调查中，这个新意义为用法专题使用小组的大多数成员所赞同

Answer 119

``` portend portend (v.) early 15c., from L. portendere "foretell," originally "to stretch forward," from por- (variant of pro-) "forth, forward" + tendere "to stretch, extend" (see tenet). Related: Portended; portending. 韦氏大学 por·tend \pȯr-ˈtend\ transitive verb Etymology: Middle English, from Latin portendere, from por- forward (akin to per through) + tendere to stretch — more at for, thin Date: 15th century 1. : to give an omen or anticipatory sign of 2. : indicate, signify 美国传统词典英汉 por.tend AHD:[pôr-tĕndʹ, pōr-] D.J.[pɔːˈtend, pəʊr-] K.K.[pɔrˈtɛnd, por-] v.tr.（及物动词） por.tend.ed, por.tend.ing, por.tends To serve as an omen or a warning of; presage: 成为…的预兆或警报；预示： black clouds that portend a storm. 预示着风暴到来的乌云 To indicate by prediction; forecast: 预告；预报： leading economic indicators that portend a recession. 预告萧条的主要经济指标 ``` ``` 语源 Middle English portenden 中古英语 portenden from Latin portendere * see ten- 源自拉丁语 portendere *参见 ten- ```

Answer 120

``` imprecate imprecate (v.) 1610s, probably a back formation from imprecation. Related: Imprecated; imprecating; imprecatory (1580s). 韦氏大学 im·pre·cate \ˈim-pri-ˌkāt\ verb (-cat·ed ; -cat·ing) Etymology: Latin imprecatus, past participle of imprecari, from in- + precari to pray — more at pray Date: 1613 transitive verb : to invoke evil on : curse intransitive verb : to utter curses 美国传统词典英汉 im.pre.cate AHD:[ĭmʹprĭ-kāt'] D.J.[ˈɪmprɪˌkeɪt] K.K.[ˈɪmprɪˌket] v.tr.（及物动词） im.pre.cat.ed, im.pre.cat.ing, im.pre.cates To invoke evil upon; curse. 诅咒：祈求降灾祸于；诅咒 ``` ``` 语源 Latin imprecāri imprecāt- 拉丁语 imprecāri imprecāt- in- [towards] * see in- 2 in- [向] *参见 in-2 precārī [to pray, ask] * see prek- precārī [祈祷，要求] *参见 prek- ``` 继承用法 imʹpreca'tor n.（名词） imʹprecato'ry AHD:[-kə-tôr'ē, -tōr'ē] （形容词）

Answer 121

Etymonline postulate postulate (v.) early 15c. (implied in postulation), "nominate to a church office," from M.L. postulatus, pp. of postulare "to ask, demand," probably formed from pp. of L. poscere "ask urgently, demand," from *posk-to-, Italic inchoative of PIE root *prek- "to ask questions" (cf. Skt. prcchati, Avestan peresaiti "interrogates," O.H.G. forskon, Ger. forschen "to search, inquire"). Use in logic dates from 1640s, borrowed from M.L. The noun is first recorded 1580s. 韦氏大学 pos·tu·late I. \ˈpäs-chə-ˌlāt\ transitive verb (-lat·ed ; -lat·ing) Etymology: Latin postulatus, past participle of postulare; akin to Latin poscere to ask, Old High German forscōn to search, Sanskrit pṛcchati he asks — more at pray Date: 1593 1. : demand, claim 2. a. : to assume or claim as true, existent, or necessary : depend upon or start from the postulate of b. : to assume as a postulate or axiom (as in logic or mathematics) • pos·tu·la·tion \ˌpäs-chə-ˈlā-shən\ noun • pos·tu·la·tion·al \-shnəl, -shə-nəl\ adjective II. \ˈpäs-chə-lət, -ˌlāt\ noun Etymology: Medieval Latin postulatum, from neuter of postulatus, past participle of postulare to assume, from Latin, to demand Date: 1646 1. : a hypothesis advanced as an essential presupposition, condition, or premise of a train of reasoning 2. : axiom 3 美国传统词典英汉 pos.tu.late AHD:[pŏsʹchə-lāt'] D.J.[ˈpɒstʃəˌleɪt] K.K.[ˈpɑstʃəˌlet] v.tr.（及物动词） pos.tu.lat.ed, pos.tu.lat.ing, pos.tu.lates To make claim for; demand. 要求：声称对…拥有主权；要求 To assume or assert the truth, reality, or necessity of, especially as a basis of an argument. 主张…为事实，断言…为必要：假定或断言…为真实、存在或必要，尤指作为论述基础而作的假定 To assume as a premise or axiom; take for granted.See Synonyms at presume 认为公理：假定…为前提或公理；视…为当然参见 presume n.（名词） AHD:[pŏsʹch‹-lĭt, -lāt'] Something assumed without proof as being self-evident or generally accepted, especially when used as a basis for an argument: 假定，假设：未加证明而假定某事成立或为公认的事物，尤指用来作为论述基础者： “the postulate that there is little moral difference between the superpowers”(Henry A. Kissinger) “假设超级大国之间没有什么道德差别”(亨利A.基辛格) A fundamental element; a basic principle. 基本因素；基本原理 Mathematics An axiom. 【数学】公设，公理 A requirement; a prerequisite. 先决条件；必要条件 ``` 语源 Medieval Latin postulāre postulāt- [to nominate to a bishopric, to assume] 中世纪拉丁语 postulāre postulāt- [提名为主教，假设] from Latin [to request] * see prek- 源自拉丁语 [要求] *参见 prek- ``` 继承用法 pos'tulaʹtion n.（名词）

Answer 122

``` expostulate expostulate (v.) 1530s, "to demand, to claim," from L. expostulatus, pp. of expostulare "to demand urgently, remonstrate," from ex- "from" (see ex-) + postulare "to demand" (see postulate). Friendlier sense is first recorded in English 1570s. Related: Expostulated; expostulating. 韦氏大学 ex·pos·tu·late \ik-ˈspäs-chə-ˌlāt\ verb Etymology: Latin expostulatus, past participle of expostulare to demand, dispute, from ex- + postulare to ask for — more at postulate Date: 1573 transitive verb obsolete : discuss, examine intransitive verb : to reason earnestly with a person for purposes of dissuasion or remonstrance 美国传统词典英汉 ex.pos.tu.late AHD:[ĭk-spŏsʹchə-lāt'] D.J.[ɪkˈspɒstʃəˌleɪt] K.K.[ɪkˈspɑstʃəˌlet] v.intr.（不及物动词） ex.pos.tu.lat.ed, ex.pos.tu.lat.ing, ex.pos.tu.lates To reason earnestly with someone in an effort to dissuade or correct; remonstrate.See Synonyms at object 规劝，告诫：对某人认真地说明道理以达到劝阻或改正的目的；告诫参见 object ``` ``` 语源 Latin expostulāre expostulāt- 拉丁语 expostulāre expostulāt- ex- [intensive pref.] * see ex- ex- [加强语意的前缀] *参见 ex- postulāre [to demand] * see prek- postulāre [要求] *参见 prek- ``` 继承用法 expos'tulaʹtion n.（名词） exposʹtula'tor n.（名词） exposʹtulato'ry AHD:[-lə-tôr'ē, -tōr'ē] 或 ex.posʹtu.la'tive （形容词）

Answer 123

``` Etymonline babble babble (n.) "idle talk," c.1500, from babble (v.). In 16c., commonly in reduplicated form bibble-babble. 韦氏大学 bab·ble \ˈba-bəl\ verb (bab·bled ; bab·bling \-b(ə-)liŋ\) Etymology: Middle English babelen, probably of imitative origin Date: 13th century intransitive verb 1. a. : to talk enthusiastically or excessively b. : to utter meaningless or unintelligible sounds 2. : to make sounds as though babbling transitive verb 1. : to utter in an incoherently or meaninglessly repetitious manner 2. : to reveal by talk that is too free • babble noun • bab·ble·ment \-bəl-mənt\ noun • bab·bler \-b(ə-)lər\ noun 美国传统词典英汉 bab.ble AHD:[băbʹəl] D.J.[ˈbæbəl] K.K.[ˈbæbəl] v.（动词） bab.bled, bab.bling, bab.bles v.intr.（不及物动词） To utter a meaningless confusion of words or sounds. 说话含糊不清：发出一种无意义的混乱的词或声音 To talk foolishly or idly; chatter: 胡言乱语：愚蠢地无根据地谈话；饶舌： “In 1977[he] was thought of as crazy because he was babbling about supply side” (Newt Gingrich) “1977年[他] 被认为是疯了，因为一直在对供应品方面喋喋不休” (纽特·金里奇) To make a continuous low, murmuring sound, as flowing water. 发出潺潺声：发出连续的、低沉的、含糊不清的声音，如流水 v.tr.（及物动词） To utter rapidly and indistinctly. 含糊不清地说：快速模糊地发音 To blurt out impulsively; disclose without careful consideration. 泄露：冲动地脱口说出；没有仔细考虑而泄露 n.（名词） Inarticulate or meaningless talk or sounds. 含糊不清的声音：口齿不清的或无意义的谈话、声音 Idle talk; prattle. 无用的谈话；空谈 A continuous low, murmuring sound. 连续的低语声 ``` 语源 Middle English babelen 中古英语 babelen

Answer 124

``` bravado (n.) 1580s, from Fr. bravade "bragging, boasting," from It. bravata "bragging, boasting" (16c.), from bravare "brag, boast, be defiant," from bravo (see brave (adj.)). Influenced in form by Spanish words ending in -ado. 韦氏大学 bra·va·do \brə-ˈvä-(ˌ)dō\ noun (plural -does or -dos) Etymology: Middle French bravade & Old Spanish bravata, from Old Italian bravata, from bravare to challenge, show off, from bravo Date: circa 1580 1. a. : blustering swaggering conduct b. : a pretense of bravery 2. : the quality or state of being foolhardy 美国传统词典英汉 bra.va.do AHD:[brə-väʹdō] D.J.[brəˈvɑːdəʊ] K.K.[brəˈvɑdo] n.（名词）【复数】 bra.va.dos 或 bra.va.does Defiant or swaggering behavior: 虚张声势：蔑视的或虚张声势的行为： strove to prevent our courage from turning into bravado. 努力预防我们的勇气变成一种虚张声势 A pretense of courage; a false show of bravery. 故作勇敢；假装表现出勇敢 A disposition toward showy defiance or false expressions of courage. 虚张声势或故作勇气的倾向 ``` ``` 语源 Spanish bravada 西班牙语 bravada from bravo [brave] * see brave 源自 bravo [勇敢] *参见 brave ```

Answer 125

``` 1788, "piece of music requiring great skill," from It. bravura "bravery, spirit" (see brave (adj.)). Sense of "display of brilliancy, dash" is from 1813. 韦氏大学 bra·vu·ra I. \brə-ˈvyu̇r-ə, brä-, -ˈvu̇r-\ noun Etymology: Italian, literally, bravery, from bravare to show off — more at bravado Date: 1757 1. : a musical passage requiring exceptional agility and technical skill in execution 2. : a florid brilliant style 3. : a show of daring or brilliance II. adjective Date: 1920 1. : marked by a dazzling display of skill 2. : ornate, showy 美国传统词典英汉 bra.vu.ra AHD:[brə-v‹rʹə, -vy‹rʹə] D.J.[brəˈvʊərə, -ˈvjʊərə] K.K.[brəˈvʊrə, -ˈvjʊrə] n.（名词） Music 【音乐】 Brilliant technique or style in performance. 优秀演技：表演的优秀技巧或风格 A piece or passage that emphasizes a performer's virtuosity. 精彩片段：突出演员精湛演技的一段或一节 A showy manner or display. 炫耀：炫耀的态度或展示 ``` ``` 语源 Italian 意大利语 from bravo [excellent] * see brave 源自 bravo [优秀的] *参见 brave ```

Answer 126

gaggle gaggle (n.) late 15c., gagyll, with reference to both geese and women. Barnhart says possibly from O.N. gagl "small goose, gosling, bird;" OED calls it "one of the many artificial terms invented in the 15th c. as distinctive collectives referring to particular animals or classes of persons." Possibly of imitative origin (cf. Du. gagelen "to chatter;" M.E. gaggle "to cackle," used of geese, attested from late 14c.). 韦氏大学 gag·gle \ˈga-gəl\ noun Etymology: Middle English gagyll, from gagelen to cackle Date: 15th century 1. : flock; especially : a flock of geese when not in flight — compare skein 2. : a group, aggregation, or cluster lacking organization 3. : an indefinite number ``` 美国传统词典英汉 gag.gle AHD:[găgʹəl] D.J.[ˈgægəl] K.K.[ˈgægəl] n.（名词） A flock of geese.See Synonyms at flock 1 鹅群参见 flock1 A cluster or group: 一群或一组： “A gaggle of photographers huddled on the sidewalk beside a swelling crowd of onlookers”(Gioia Diliberto) “一群摄影师拥挤在路边，旁边是一大群旁观者”(乔亚·迪利贝托) ``` ``` 语源 Middle English gagel 中古英语 gagel from gagelen [to cackle] 源自 gagelen [喋喋不休] [probably of imitative origin] [可能源于拟声词] ```

Answer 127

garrulous garrulous (adj.) 1610s, from L. garrulus "talkative," from garrire "to chatter," from PIE root *gar- "to call, cry," of imitative origin. Related: Garrulously; garrulousness. 韦氏大学 gar·ru·lous \ˈger-ə-ləs, ˈga-rə- also ˈger-yə-\ adjective Etymology: Latin garrulus, from garrire to chatter — more at care Date: circa 1611 1. : given to prosy, rambling, or tedious loquacity : pointlessly or annoyingly talkative 2. : wordy 1 ``` Synonyms: see talkative • gar·ru·lous·ly adverb • gar·ru·lous·ness noun 美国传统词典英汉 gar.ru.lous AHD:[gărʹə-ləs, gărʹyə-] D.J.[ˈgærələs, ˈgærjə-] K.K.[ˈgærələs, ˈgærjə-] adj.（形容词） Given to excessive and often trivial or rambling talk; tiresomely talkative.See Synonyms at talkative 爱说话的，絮聒的：喜欢谈话的，通常是有关琐屑或漫无目的的话题；健谈得让人厌恶参见 talkative Wordy and rambling: 话多的，漫无目的的： a garrulous speech. 一个冗长絮叨的讲演 ``` ``` 语源 From Latin garrulus 源自拉丁语 garrulus from garrīre [to chatter] 源自 garrīre [聊天] ``` 继承用法 garʹrulously adv.（副词） garʹrulousness n.（名词）

Answer 128

``` goof goof (n.) 1916, American English, "stupid person," perhaps a variant of English dialect goff "foolish clown" (1869), from 16c. goffe, probably from M.Fr. goffe "awkward, stupid," of uncertain origin. Or English goffe may be from M.E. goffen "speak in a frivolous manner," possibly from O.E. gegaf "buffoonery," and gaffetung "scolding." Sense of "a blunder" is c.1954, probably influenced by gaffe. Etymonline goof goof (v.) "waste time," 1932; "make a mistake," 1941, from goof (n.). Goof off "loaf" is also from 1941. Related: Goofed; goofing. 韦氏大学 goof I. \ˈgüf\ noun Etymology: probably alteration of English dialect goff simpleton Date: 1915 1. : a silly or stupid person 2. : blunder II. verb Date: 1932 intransitive verb 1. a. : to spend time idly or foolishly — usually used with off ``` b. : to engage in playful activity — usually used with around 2. : to make a usually foolish or careless mistake : blunder — often used with up transitive verb : to make a mess of : bungle — usually used with up ``` • - goof on 美国传统词典英汉 goof AHD:[g›f] 【俚语】 D.J.[guːf] K.K.[guf] n.（名词） An incompetent, foolish, or stupid person. 傻瓜：无能的，傻的或愚蠢的人 A careless mistake; a slip. 失误：粗心大意犯的错误；疏忽 v.（动词） goofed, goof.ing, goofs v.intr.（不及物动词） To make a silly mistake; blunder. 犯错误：犯愚蠢的错误；犯大错 To waste or kill time. 消磨时间：浪费时间或消磨时间 v.tr.（及物动词） To spoil, as through clumsiness; bungle: 搞糟：由于犯了愚蠢的错误而弄坏的；做坏事情： goof up a job. 把工作搞得一团糟 ``` ``` 语源 Possibly alteration of dialectal goff [fool] 可能为方言 goff的变化 [傻的] from obsolete French goffe [stupid] 源自已废法语 goffe [愚蠢的] ```

Answer 129

``` Etymonline frivolous frivolous (adj.) mid-15c., from L. frivolus "silly, empty, trifling, worthless, brittle," dim. of *frivos "broken, crumbled," from friare "break, rub away, crumble." Related: Frivolously; frivolousness. 韦氏大学 friv·o·lous \ˈfri-və-ləs\ adjective Etymology: Middle English, from Latin frivolus Date: 15th century 1. a. : of little weight or importance b. : having no sound basis (as in fact or law) 2. a. : lacking in seriousness b. : marked by unbecoming levity • friv·o·lous·ly adverb • friv·o·lous·ness noun 美国传统词典英汉 friv.o.lous AHD:[frĭvʹə-ləs] D.J.[ˈfrɪvələs] K.K.[ˈfrɪvələs] adj.（形容词） Unworthy of serious attention; trivial: 无关紧要的：不值得认真注意；不重要的： a frivolous novel. 一部无关紧要的小说 Inappropriately silly: 轻率的： a frivolous purchase. 轻率购买的东西 ``` ``` 语源 Middle English 中古英语 probably from Latin frīvolus [of little value] 可能源自拉丁语 frīvolus [价值很小的] probably from friāre [to crumble] 可能源自 friāre [弄成碎屑] ``` 继承用法 frivʹolously adv.（副词） frivʹolousness n.（名词）

Answer 130

``` che·no·pod \ˈkē-nə-ˌpäd, ˈke-\ noun Etymology: ultimately from Greek chēn goose + podion, diminutive of pod-, pous foot — more at goose, foot Date: 1555 : any plant of the goosefoot family 美国传统词典英汉 che.no.pod AHD:[kēʹnə-pŏd', kĕnʹə-] D.J.[ˈkiːnəˌpɒd, ˈkenə-] K.K.[ˈkinəˌpɑd, ˈkɛnə-] n.（名词） Any plant of the goosefoot family, which includes spinach, beets, and pigweed. 藜：包括菠菜、甜菜和苋菜等任何一种藜属植物 ``` ``` 语源 From New Latin Chenopodiaceae [family name] 源自现代拉丁语 Chenopodiaceae [科属名称] from Chenopodium [type genus] 源自 Chenopodium [模式属] Greek khēn [goose] * see ghans- 希腊语 khēn [鹅] *参见 ghans- -podium [neuter of] -podius [-pod] -podium [] -podius的中性 [前缀，表“足”] ```

Answer 131

Etymonline canard canard (n.) before 1850, from Fr. canard "a hoax," lit. "a duck" (from O.Fr. quanart, probably echoic of a duck's quack); said by Littré to be from the phrase vendre un canard à moitié "to half-sell a duck," thus, from some long-forgotten joke, "to cheat." 韦氏大学 ca·nard \kə-ˈnärd also -ˈnär\ noun Etymology: French, literally, duck; in sense 1, from Middle French vendre des canards à moitié to cheat, literally, to half-sell ducks Date: 1851 1. a. : a false or unfounded report or story; especially : a fabricated report b. : a groundless rumor or belief 2. : an airplane with horizontal stabilizing and control surfaces in front of supporting surfaces; also : a small airfoil in front of the wing of an aircraft that increases the aircraft's stability 美国传统词典英汉 ca.nard AHD:[kə-närdʹ] D.J.[kəˈnɑːd] K.K.[kəˈnɑrd] n.（名词） An unfounded or false, deliberately misleading story. 谣言：一个无根据的或虚假的、故意误导的传闻 A short, winglike control surface projecting from the fuselage of an aircraft, such as a space shuttle, mounted forward of the main wing and serving as a horizontal stabilizer. 鸭式飞机的水平安定面和升降舵：从一架飞行器伸出的一个短的翼状控制平面，如航天飞船的机身，被安在飞机翼前方，作为水平稳定器 An aircraft whose horizontal stabilizing surfaces are forward of the main wing. 鸭式飞机：水平稳定面在主机翼前方的飞行器 ``` 语源 French [duck, canard] 法语 [鸭，鸭式飞机] probably from the phrase vendre un canard à moitié [to half-sell a duck, to swindle] 可能源自片语 vendre un canard à moitié [半价出售鸭，诈骗] from Old French quanart [duck] 源自古法语 quanart [鸭] from caner [to cackle] 源自 caner [咯咯叫] [of imitative origin] [源于拟音] ```

Answer 132

crow (v.) O.E. crawian "make a loud noise like a crow;" sense of "exult in triumph" is 1520s, perhaps in part because the English crow is a carrion-eater. Related: Crowed; crowing. Etymonline crow crow (n.) O.E. crawe, imitative of bird's cry. Phrase eat crow is perhaps based on the notion that the bird is edible when boiled but hardly agreeable; first attested 1851, American English, but said to date to War of 1812 (Walter Etecroue turns up 1361 in the Calendar of Letter Books of the City of London). Crow's foot "wrinkle around the corner of the eye" is late 14c. Phrase as the crow flies first recorded 1800. Etymonline Crow Crow Indian tribe of the American Midwest, the name is a rough translation of their own name, Apsaruke. 韦氏大学 crow I. \ˈkrō\ noun Etymology: Middle English crowe, from Old English crāwe; akin to Old High German krāwa crow, Old English crāwan to crow Date: before 12th century 1. : any of various large usually entirely glossy black passerine birds (family Corvidae and especially genus Corvus) 2. capitalized a. : a member of an American Indian people of the region between the Platte and Yellowstone rivers b. : the language of the Crow people 3. capitalized : Corvus 4. : humble pie ``` • - as the crow flies II. verb (crowed \ˈkrōd \ ; also in sense 1 chiefly British crew \ˈkrü\ ; crow·ing) Etymology: Middle English, from Old English crāwan Date: before 12th century intransitive verb 1. : to make the loud shrill sound characteristic of a cock 2. : to utter a sound expressive of pleasure 3. a. : to exult gloatingly especially over the distress of another b. : to brag exultantly or blatantly transitive verb : to say with self-satisfaction Synonyms: see boast III. noun Date: 13th century 1. : the cry of the cock 2. : a triumphant cry 美国传统词典英汉 crow 1 AHD:[krō] D.J.[krəʊ] K.K.[kro] n.（名词） Any of several large, glossy, black birds of the genusCorvus, having a characteristic raucous call, especially C. brachyrhynchos of North America. 鸦：任一种鸦属的大型的、亮黑色鸟类，能发出嘶哑的特有叫声，尤指生活于北美洲的短嘴鸦 A crowbar. 铁撬 ``` 习惯用语 as the crow flies In a straight line. 沿直线地 ``` 语源 Middle English croue 中古英语 croue from Old English crāwe * see gerə- 2 源自古英语 crāwe *参见 gerə- 2 crow 2 AHD:[krō] D.J.[krəʊ] K.K.[kro] v.intr.（不及物动词） crowed, crow.ing, crows To utter the shrill cry characteristic of a cock or rooster. 啼：公鸡发出的特有的尖叫声 To exult loudly, as over another's defeat; boast.See Synonyms at boast 1 欢呼，吹嘘：因打败他人而欢呼；吹嘘参见 boast1 To make a sound expressive of pleasure or well-being, characteristic of an infant. 欢叫：象婴儿似地发出表示愉悦或幸福的声音 n.（名词） The shrill cry of a cock. 鸡啼：公鸡发出的尖叫声 An inarticulate sound expressive of pleasure or delight. 欢叫声：表示愉悦或欢喜的口齿不清的声音 ``` ``` 语源 Middle English crouen 中古英语 crouen from Old English crāwan * see gerə- 2 源自古英语 crāwan *参见 gerə- 2 ```

Answer 133

``` c.1400, originally Scottish, from M.Du. kronen "to lament, mourn," perhaps onomatopoeic. Originally "to bellow like a bull" as well as "to utter a low, murmuring sound" (mid-15c.). Popularized by Robert Burns. Sense evolved to "lament," then to "sing softly and sadly." Related: Crooned; crooning. 韦氏大学 croon \ˈkrün\ verb Etymology: Middle English croynen, from Middle Dutch cronen; akin to Old High German crōnen to chatter Date: 15th century intransitive verb 1. chiefly Scottish : bellow, boom 2. : to sing or speak in a gentle murmuring manner; especially : to sing in a soft intimate manner adapted to amplifying systems transitive verb : to sing (as a popular song or a lullaby) in a crooning manner • croon noun 美国传统词典英汉 croon AHD:[kr›n] D.J.[kruːn] K.K.[krun] v.（动词） crooned, croon.ing, croons v.intr.（不及物动词） To hum or sing softly. 轻柔地哼，轻柔地唱 To sing popular songs in a soft, sentimental manner. 深情地唱：富有柔情地唱流行歌曲 Scots To roar or bellow. 【苏格兰】吼叫，咆哮 v.tr.（及物动词） To sing softly or in a humming way: 轻声哼唱： crooning a lullaby. 轻声哼唱一首摇篮曲 n.（名词） A soft singing or humming. 轻唱，轻哼 ``` ``` 语源 Middle English crounen 中古英语 crounen from Middle Dutch krōnen [to lament] * see gerə- 2 源自中古荷兰语 krōnen [痛哭] *参见 gerə- 2 ``` 继承用法 croonʹer n.（名词）

Answer 134

Etymonline pedigree pedigree (n.) early 15c., "genealogical table or chart," from Anglo-Fr. pe de gru, a variant of O.Fr. pied de gru "foot of a crane," from L. pedem accusative of pes "foot" (see foot (n.)) + gruem (nom. grus) "crane," cognate with Gk. geranos, O.E. cran; see crane (n.)). On old manuscripts, "descent" was indicated by a forked sign resembling the branching lines of a genealogical chart; the sign also happened to look like a bird's footprint. Form influenced in Middle English by association with degree. Meaning "ancestral line" is mid-15c.; of animals, c.1600. Related: Pedigreed. 韦氏大学 ped·i·gree \ˈpe-də-ˌgrē\ noun Etymology: Middle English pedegru, from Anglo-French pé de grue, literally, crane's foot; from the shape made by the lines of a genealogical chart Date: 15th century 1. : a register recording a line of ancestors 2. a. : an ancestral line : lineage b. : the origin and the history of something; broadly : background, history 3. a. : a distinguished ancestry b. : the recorded purity of breed of an individual or strain • ped·i·greed \-ˌgrēd\ or pedigree adjective 美国传统词典英汉 ped.i.gree AHD:[pĕdʹĭ-grē'] D.J.[ˈpedɪˌgriː] K.K.[ˈpɛdɪˌgri] n.（名词） A line of ancestors; a lineage. 家系；血统 A list of ancestors; a family tree. 家谱：祖先录；家族树 A chart of an individual's ancestors used in human genetics to analyze Mendelian inheritance of certain traits, especially of familial diseases. 记录家族遗传特性及疾病的图表：用于人类遗传学分析孟德尔遗传学说的某些遗传特征尤其是家族病的个人家系表 A list of the ancestors of a purebred animal. 动物血统记录 ``` 语源 Middle English pedegru 中古英语 pedegru from Anglo-Norman pe de grue 源自英法语 pe de grue pe [foot] from Latin pēs * see pedi- pe [脚] 源自拉丁语 pēs *参见 pedi- de [of] from Latin dē * see de- de […的] 源自拉丁语 dē *参见 de- grue [crane (from the resemblance of a crane's foot to the lines of succession on a genealogical chart)] from Vulgar Latin *grūā from Latin grūs gru- * see gerə- 2 grue [鹤（家系谱上从鹤足的外形到遗传基因）] 源自俗拉丁语 *grūā 源自拉丁语 grūs gru- *参见 gerə- 2 ``` 继承用法 pedʹigreed' adj.（形容词）

Answer 135

``` cur·rish \ˈkər-ish\ adjective Date: 15th century 1. : ignoble 2. : resembling a cur : mongrel • cur·rish·ly adverb 美国传统词典英汉 cur.rish AHD:[kûrʹĭsh] D.J.[ˈkɜːrɪʃ] K.K.[ˈkɝrɪʃ] adj.（形容词） Snarling and bad-tempered. 易怒的，脾气坏的 ``` 继承用法 curʹrishly adv.（副词）

Answer 136

``` curmudgeon (n.) 1570s, of unknown origin; the suggestion, based on a misreading of a garbled note from Johnson, that it is from Fr. coeur mechant "evil heart" is not taken seriously; the first syllable may be cur "dog." Liberman says the word "must have been borrowed from Gaelic (and references muigean "disagreeable person"), with variant spelling of intensive prefix ker-. Related: Curmudgeonly. 韦氏大学 cur·mud·geon \(ˌ)kər-ˈmə-jən\ noun Etymology: origin unknown Date: 1568 1. archaic : miser 2. : a crusty, ill-tempered, and usually old man • cur·mud·geon·li·ness \-lē-nəs\ noun • cur·mud·geon·ly \-lē\ adjective 美国传统词典英汉 cur.mudg.eon AHD:[kər-mŭjʹən] D.J.[kəˈmʌdʒən] K.K.[kɚˈmʌdʒən] n.（名词） An ill-tempered person full of resentment and stubborn notions. 脾气坏的人：满怀怨恨和观念顽固的坏脾气人 ``` 语源 [Origin unknown] [词源未知] 继承用法 curmudgʹeonly adj.（形容词） curmudgʹeonry n.（名词）注释 The etymology of the wordcurmudgeon has eluded us for at least two centuries, although some lexicographers have thought the solution was at hand, one to his embarrassment.When Samuel Johnson stated in his famous dictionary of 1755 thatcurmugeon “is a vicious manner of pronouncing c÷ur méchant, Fr. an unknown correspondent,” he was giving credit to an anonymous writer for the statement thatcurmudgeon came from French c÷ur, “heart,” and méchant, “evil.” Another lexicographer, John Ash, following in Johnson's tracks though none too carefully,gave the etymology a bit differently in his dictionary of 1775:“from the Frenchc÷ur unknown, and mechant a correspondent”; thus misinterpreting Johnson's attribution as a gloss for the French.Although its origin is unknown,curmudgeon has been around for some time, being first recorded in a work published in 1577. 单词curmudgeon 的词源已经使我们困惑了至少有两个世纪，虽然有些词典的编辑者已经认为快找到解决方式了，但仍使某些人局促不安。当塞缪尔·约翰逊在他的举世闻名的1755年词典中指出Curmugeon “是对 cour mechant 这一法语词语的错误发音方式（它意指不知名的通讯记者）”时，他认同一位不署名作家认为curmudgeon 一词来自法语 cour “心”和 mechant “罪恶”的陈述是正确的。另一个名叫约翰·艾什的词典编辑者承袭了约翰逊的思路，但他也并非很严格地遵循，在他的1775年词典中对该词源作了稍有差别的解释： “从法语cour （不知名的）和 mechant （一名通讯记者）而来”；由此他误解了约翰逊对于法语的译注。虽然该词词源未知，curmudgeon 已有了一定的历史，它首次被记录于1577年出版的一部作品中

Answer 137

``` Etymonline gruesome gruesome (adj.) 1560s, from M.E. gruen "feel horror, shudder" (c.1300); not recorded in Old English or Norse, possibly from M.Du. gruwen or M.L.G. gruwen "shudder with fear" (cf. Ger. grausam "cruel"), or from a Scandinavian source (cf. Dan. grusom "cruel," grue "to dread," though others hold that these are Low German loan-words). One of the many Scottish words popularized in England by Scott's novels. 韦氏大学 grue·some adjective also grew·some \ˈgrü-səm\ Etymology: alteration of earlier growsome, from English dialect grow, grue to shiver, from Middle English gruen, probably from Middle Dutch grūwen; akin to Old High German ingrūēn to shiver Date: circa 1700 : inspiring horror or repulsion : grisly Synonyms: see ghastly • grue·some·ly adverb • grue·some·ness noun 美国传统词典英汉 grue.some AHD:[gr›ʹsəm] D.J.[ˈgruːsəm] K.K.[ˈgrusəm] adj.（形容词） Causing horror and repugnance; frightful and shocking: 令人厌恶的，可憎的：引起恐惧和憎恶的；可怕和惊人的： a gruesome murder.See Synonyms at ghastly 骇人听闻的谋杀案参见 ghastly ``` 语源 Obsolete grue [to shudder] from Middle English gruen from Middle Dutch grūwen or Middle Low German gruwen 废语 grue [战栗] 源自中古英语 gruen 源自中古荷兰语 grūwen 或中古低地德语 gruwen -some 1 -some1 继承用法 grueʹsomely adv.（副词） grueʹsomeness n.（名词）

Answer 138

``` growl (v.) 1660s, from M.E. grollen "to rumble, growl" (early 15c.), from O.Fr. grouler "to rumble," said to be from Frankish; probably ultimately of imitative origin. Related: Growled; growling. The noun is 1727, from the verb. 韦氏大学 growl I. \ˈgrau̇(-ə)l\ verb Etymology: Middle English groulen, grollen Date: 14th century intransitive verb 1. a. : rumble ``` b. : to utter a growl ``` 2. : to complain angrily transitive verb : to utter with a growl : utter angrily II. noun Date: 1715 : a deep guttural inarticulate sound 美国传统词典英汉 growl AHD:[groul] D.J.[graʊl] K.K.[graʊl] n.（名词） The low, guttural, menacing sound made by an animal: 低吼：动物从喉头发出的低沉，具有威胁性的声音： the growl of a dog. 狗的低吼 A gruff, surly utterance: 咆哮，粗声大气：粗鲁，阴郁的叫喊： The desk officer answered my greeting with a growl. 值勤警官粗鲁地回答我的问候 v.（动词） growled, growl.ing, growls v.intr.（不及物动词） To emit a low, guttural sound or utterance. 嘟哝：喉间发出低沉的声音或叫喊 To speak in an angry or surly manner. 愤愤不平地抱怨：生气或粗鲁地说话 v.tr.（及物动词） To utter by growling: 粗鲁地说出： growled the orders. 咆哮着下达命令 ``` ``` 语源 Middle English groule, grollen [to rumble, growl] 中古英语 groule, grollen [使隆隆响，轰鸣] probably from Old French grouler 可能源自古法语 grouler [of Germanic origin] [源自德语] ``` 继承用法 growlʹy adj.（形容词）

Answer 139

``` late 14c., probably related to M.Du. rommelen "to rumble," M.H.G. rummeln, O.N. rymja "to shout, roar," all of imitative origin. The noun is attested from late 14c. Slang noun meaning "gang fight" is from 1946. Meaning "backmost part of a carriage" is from 1808 (earlier rumbler, 1801), probably from the effect of sitting over the wheels; hence rumble seat (1828). Related: Rumbled; rumbling. 韦氏大学 rum·ble I. \ˈrəm-bəl\ verb (rum·bled ; rum·bling \-b(ə-)liŋ\) Etymology: Middle English; akin to Middle High German rummeln to rumble Date: 14th century intransitive verb 1. : to make a low heavy rolling sound ``` 2. : to travel with a low reverberating sound 3. : to speak in a low rolling tone 4. : to engage in a rumble transitive verb 1. : to utter or emit in a low rolling voice 2. British : to reveal or discover the true character of • rum·bler \-b(ə-)lər\ noun II. noun Date: 14th century 1. a. : a low heavy continuous reverberating often muffled sound (as of thunder) b. : low frequency noise in phonographic playback caused by the transmission of mechanical vibrations by the turntable to the pickup 2. : a seat for servants behind the body of a carriage 3. a. : widespread expression of dissatisfaction or unrest b. : a street fight especially among gangs 美国传统词典英汉 rum.ble AHD:[rŭmʹbəl] D.J.[ˈrʌmbəl] K.K.[ˈrʌmbəl] v.（动词） rum.bled, rum.bling, rum.bles v.intr.（不及物动词） To make a deep, long, rolling sound. 隆隆响：发出深、长的声音，发出隆隆声 To move or proceed with a deep, long, rolling sound. （车辆）辘辘行驶：带头深长而婉转的声音向前行进，隆隆地行进 Slang To engage in a gang fight. 【俚语】打群架 v.tr.（及物动词） To utter with a deep, long, rolling sound. 低沉地说：声音低沉地说出；咕哝说 To polish or mix (metal parts) in a tumbling box. 在滚筒里磨光或混合（金属零件） n.（名词） A deep, long, rolling sound. 隆隆声，辘辘声：深长而婉转的声音 A tumbling box. 滚筒 A luggage compartment or servant's seat in the rear of a carriage. 尾座：放行李处或供仆人坐的车厢后部 Slang 【俚语】 Pervasive, widespread expression of unrest or dissatisfaction. 普遍的怨声：日益蔓延且分布广泛的不安或不满 A gang fight. 群架 ``` 语源 Middle English romblen 中古英语 romblen perhaps from Middle Dutch rommelen 可能源自中古荷兰语 rommelen or from Middle Low German rummeln 或源自中古低地德语 rummeln ``` 继承用法 rumʹbler n.（名词） rumʹblingly adv.（副词） rumʹbly adj.（形容词）

Answer 140

``` grutch (v.) c.1200, grucchen, "to murmur, complain," from O.Fr. grouchier "to murmur, to grumble," of unknown origin, probably ultimately imitative. Meaning "to begrudge" is c.1400. Cf. gruccild (early 13c.) "woman who complains," from grutch + suffix of unknown origin. Related: Grutched; grutching. As a noun from c.1400. 韦氏大学 grutch \ˈgrəch\ transitive verb Etymology: Middle English grucchen Date: 14th century obsolete : begrudge ```

Answer 141

grudge (v.) mid-15c., "to murmur, complain," variant of grutch. Meaning "to begrudge" is c.1500. Related: Grudged; grudges; grudging; grudgingly. The noun is mid-15c., from the verb. 韦氏大学 grudge I. \ˈgrəj\ transitive verb (grudged ; grudg·ing) Etymology: Middle English grucchen, grudgen to grumble, complain, from Anglo-French grucer, grucher, of Germanic origin; akin to Middle High German grogezen to howl Date: 14th century : to be unwilling to give or admit : give or allow reluctantly or resentfully ``` • grudg·er noun II. noun Date: 15th century : a feeling of deep-seated resentment or ill will Synonyms: see malice 美国传统词典英汉 grudge AHD:[grŭj] D.J.[grʌdʒ] K.K.[grʌdʒ] v.tr.（及物动词） grudged, grudg.ing, grudg.es To be reluctant to give or admit: 吝惜：不愿意给或承认： even grudged the tuition money. 甚至不愿付学费 To resent for having; begrudge: 妒忌：因有…而仇恨；忌恨： grudged him his good ways with the children. 妒忌他那善待孩子的方式 n.（名词） A deep-seated feeling of resentment or rancor: 忌恨，怨恨：深深的仇恨或怨恨： bears a grudge about the accident. 对那次事故恨之入骨 ``` ``` 语源 Middle English gruggen, grucchen [to grumble, complain] 中古英语 gruggen, grucchen [抱怨，发牢骚] from Old French grouchier 源自古法语 grouchier [probably of Germanic origin] [可能源自德语] ``` 继承用法 grudgʹer n.（名词） grudgʹingly adv.（副词）

Answer 142

``` Etymonline grimace grimace (n.) 1650s, from Fr. grimace, from M.Fr. grimache, from O.Fr. grimuce "grotesque face, ugly mug," possibly from Frankish (cf. O.S. grima "face mask," O.E. grima "mask, helmet"), from same Germanic root as grim (adj.). With pejorative suffix -azo (from L. -aceus). Etymonline grimace grimace (v.) 1762, from Fr. grimacer, from grimace (see grimace (n.)). Related: Grimaced; grimacing. 韦氏大学 gri·mace \ˈgri-məs, gri-ˈmās\ noun Etymology: French, from Middle French, alteration of grimache, of Germanic origin; akin to Old English grīma mask Date: 1651 : a facial expression usually of disgust, disapproval, or pain • grimace intransitive verb • gri·mac·er noun 美国传统词典英汉 grim.ace AHD:[grĭmʹĭs, grĭ-māsʹ] D.J.[ˈgrɪmɪs, grɪˈmeɪs] K.K.[ˈgrɪmɪs, grɪˈmes] n.（名词） A sharp contortion of the face expressive of pain, contempt, or disgust. 鬼脸，怪相：脸的极端扭曲以表示痛苦、轻蔑或厌恶 v.intr.（不及物动词） grim.aced, grim.ac.ing, grim.ac.es To make a sharp contortion of the face. 做鬼脸：做出脸部极端扭曲的动作 ``` ``` 语源 French 法语 from Old French grimache 源自古法语 grimache alteration of grimuche grimuche的变化 probably from Frankish *grīma [mask] 可能源自法兰克语 *grīma [面具] ``` 继承用法 grimʹacer n.（名词）

Answer 143

Etymonline squawk squawk (v.) 1821, probably of imitative origin (cf. dial. It. squacco "small crested heron"). The noun is attested from 1850. Squawk-box "loud-speaker" is from 1945. 韦氏大学 squawk I. \ˈskwȯk\ intransitive verb Etymology: probably blend of squall and squeak Date: 1821 1. : to utter a harsh abrupt scream 2. : to complain or protest loudly or vehemently ``` • squawk·er noun II. noun Date: 1850 1. : a harsh abrupt scream 2. : a noisy complaint 美国传统词典英汉 squawk AHD:[skwôk] D.J.[skwɔːk] K.K.[skwɔk] v.（动词） squawked, squawk.ing, squawks v.intr.（不及物动词） To utter a harsh scream; screech. 发出刺耳的叫声；尖叫 Informal To complain or protest noisily or peevishly. 【非正式用语】抱怨，抗议：大声或不耐烦地抱怨或抗议 v.tr.（及物动词） To utter with or as if with a squawk. 以或似以粗声喊出 n.（名词） A loud screech. 大的叫声 A noisy complaint. 嘈杂的抱怨 ``` 语源 [Imitative] [拟声词] 继承用法 squawkʹer n.（名词）

Answer 144

squeak (v.) late 14c., probably of imitative origin, similar to Middle Swedish skväka "to squeak, croak." Related: Squeaked; squeaking. The noun is from 1660s; sense of "narrow escape" is from 1822. 韦氏大学 squeak I. \ˈskwēk\ verb Etymology: Middle English squeken, of imitative origin Date: 14th century intransitive verb 1. : to utter or make a short shrill cry or noise 2. : squeal 2a 3. : to pass, succeed, or win by a narrow margin ``` transitive verb : to utter in a shrill piping tone II. noun Date: 1700 1. : a sharp shrill cry or sound 2. : escape • squeaky \ˈskwē-kē\ adjective 美国传统词典英汉 squeak AHD:[skwēk] D.J.[skwiːk] K.K.[skwik] v.（动词） squeaked, squeak.ing, squeaks v.intr.（不及物动词） To give forth a short, shrill cry or sound. 发吱吱声：发出短促的尖利叫声或声音 Slang To turn informer. 【俚语】告密 v.tr.（及物动词） To utter in a thin, shrill voice. 发出尖叫声：以短促的尖声说出 n.（名词） A short shrill cry or sound, such as that made by a mouse or a rusty hinge. 尖叫声：短促的刺耳的叫声或声音，如由老鼠或生锈的铰链发出来的声音 An escape: 逃脱： a close squeak. 一次侥幸的逃脱 ``` 常用词组 squeak through 或 squeak by To manage barely to pass, win, or survive: 险些：设法通过、战胜或活下来： squeaked through the test; squeaks by on a limited income. 勉强通过考试；依靠一点有限的收入生活语源 Middle English squeken 中古英语 squeken [perhaps of Scandinavian origin] ; akin to Old Norse skvakka [to croak] [可能源于斯堪的纳维亚语] ；类似于古斯堪的纳维亚语 skvakka [蛙叫]

Answer 145

``` squeal (v.) c.1300, probably of imitative origin, similar to O.N. skvala "to cry out" (see squall (v.)). The sense of "inform on another" is first recorded 1865. The noun is attested from 1747. 韦氏大学 squeal I. \ˈskwēl\ verb Etymology: Middle English squelen, of imitative origin Date: 14th century intransitive verb 1. : to make a shrill cry or noise 2. a. : to turn informer ``` b. : complain, protest transitive verb 1. : to express with or as if with a squeal 2. : to cause to make a loud shrill noise ``` • squeal·er noun II. noun Date: 1747 : a shrill sharp cry or noise 美国传统词典英汉 squeal AHD:[skwēl] D.J.[skwiːl] K.K.[skwil] v.（动词） squealed, squeal.ing, squeals v.intr.（不及物动词） To give forth a loud, shrill cry or sound. 发尖叫声：发出大而尖锐的叫喊声 Slang To turn informer; betray an accomplice or a secret. 【俚语】告密；出卖伙伴或泄露秘密 v.tr.（及物动词） To utter or produce with a squeal. 伴着尖叫声发出或者产生 n.（名词） A loud, shrill cry or sound: 尖叫：大声的、刺耳的喊叫或声音： a squeal of surprise; the squeal of tires. 一声惊异的尖叫；轮胎的尖锐刺耳的摩擦声 ``` ``` 语源 Middle English squelen 中古英语 squelen [probably of imitative origin] [可能源于拟声词] ``` 继承用法 squealʹer n.（名词）

Answer 146

screech (v.) mid-13c., schrichen, possibly of imitative origin (cf. shriek). Related: Screeched; screeching. The noun is first recorded 1550s. Screech owl is attested from 1590s (scritch-owl is from 1520s). 韦氏大学 screech I. \ˈskrēch\ noun Date: 1560 1. : a high shrill piercing cry usually expressing pain or terror 2. : a sound resembling a screech II. verb Etymology: alteration of earlier scritch, from Middle English scrichen; akin to Old Norse skrækja to screech Date: 1577 intransitive verb 1. : to utter a high shrill piercing cry : make an outcry usually in terror or pain 2. : to make a shrill high-pitched sound resembling a screech; also : to move with such a sound ``` transitive verb : to utter with or as if with a screech • screech·er noun 美国传统词典英汉 screech AHD:[skrēch] D.J.[skriːtʃ] K.K.[skritʃ] n.（名词） A high-pitched, strident cry. 尖叫：尖声，刺耳的叫 A sound suggestive of this cry: 尖锐的声音：带有这种叫声的声音： the screech of train brakes. 火车煞车时发出地尖锐声响 v.（动词） screeched, screech.ing, screech.es v.tr.（及物动词） To utter in or as if in a screech. 尖叫：尖声的或好象尖声的叫 v.intr.（不及物动词） To cry out in a high-pitched, strident voice.See Synonyms at scream 尖叫：以高声的刺耳的声音叫参见 scream To make a sound suggestive of a screech: 发出尖锐的声音： Tires screeched on the wet pavement. 车胎在潮湿的路面上发出刺耳的声音 ``` 语源 Alteration of obsolete scrich 废语 scrich的变化 from Middle English scrichen [to screech] 源自中古英语 scrichen [大声叫] [perhaps of Scandinavian origin] ; akin to Old Norse skrækja [很可能源自斯堪的纳维亚语的] ；类似于古斯堪的纳维亚语 skrækja 继承用法 screechʹer n.（名词） screechʹiness n.（名词） screechʹy adj.（形容词）

Answer 147

c.1200, scrycke, from O.N. skrækja "to screech" (see screech), probably of imitative origin. The noun is attested from 1590. 韦氏大学 shriek I. \ˈshrēk, especially Southern ˈsrēk\ verb Etymology: Middle English shreken, probably irregular from shriken to shriek; akin to Old Norse skrækja to shriek Date: 15th century intransitive verb 1. : to utter a sharp shrill sound 2. a. : to cry out in a high-pitched voice : screech b. : to suggest such a cry (as by vividness of expression) transitive verb 1. : to utter with a shriek 2. : to express in a manner suggestive of a shriek II. noun Date: 1567 1. : a shrill usually wild or involuntary cry 2. : a sound resembling a shriek ``` 美国传统词典英汉 shriek AHD:[shrēk] D.J.[ʃriːk] K.K.[ʃrik] n.（名词） A shrill, often frantic cry. 尖叫：尖叫，通常发狂般的喊叫 A sound suggestive of such a cry. 似尖叫声：一种能使人联想起这种尖叫的声音 v.（动词） shrieked, shriek.ing, shrieks v.intr.（不及物动词） To utter a shriek. 发出一声尖叫 To make a sound similar to a shriek. 发出一种类似尖叫的声音 v.tr.（及物动词） To utter with a shriek.See Synonyms at scream 发出尖叫声参见 scream ``` ``` 语源 Middle English skriken, shriken 中古英语 skriken, shriken [of Scandinavian origin] ; akin to Old Norse skrækja [源于斯堪的纳维亚语的] ；类似于古斯堪的纳维亚语 skrækja ``` 继承用法 shriekʹer n.（名词）

Answer 148

``` Etymonline whimper whimper (v.) 1510s, probably of imitative origin, or from Ger. wimmern "to whimper, moan." The noun is first recorded c.1700. Related: Whimpered; whimpering. 韦氏大学 whim·per I. \ˈhwim-pər, ˈwim-\ intransitive verb (whim·pered ; whim·per·ing \-p(ə-)riŋ\) Etymology: imitative Date: 1513 1. : to make a low whining plaintive or broken sound 2. : to complain or protest with or as if with a whimper II. noun Date: circa 1700 1. : a whimpering cry or sound 2. : a petulant complaint or protest ``` ``` 美国传统词典英汉 whim.per AHD:[hwĭmʹpər, wĭmʹ-] D.J.[ˈhwɪmpə, ˈwɪm-] K.K.[ˈhwɪmpɚ, ˈwɪm-] v.（动词） whim.pered, whim.per.ing, whim.pers v.intr.（不及物动词） To cry or sob with soft intermittent sounds; whine.See Synonyms at cry 抽泣：轻声间断的出声地哭泣；哭哭啼啼参见 cry To complain. 抱怨 v.tr.（及物动词） To utter in a whimper. 呜咽的说 n.（名词） A low, broken, sobbing sound; a whine. 啜泣声：低低的、断断续续的抽泣声；哭哭啼啼声 ``` 语源 [Probably imitative] [可能是模仿] 继承用法 whimʹperer n.（名词） whimʹperingly adv.（副词）

Answer 149

O.E. hwinan "to whiz or whistle through the air" (only of arrows), also hwinsian "to whine" (of dogs), ultimately of imitative origin (cf. O.N. hvina "to whiz," Ger. wiehern "to neigh"). Meaning "to complain in a feeble way" is first recorded 1520s. Related: Whined; whining. Etymonline whine whine (n.) 1630s, from whine (v.). 韦氏大学 whine I. \ˈhwīn, ˈwīn\ verb (whined ; whin·ing) Etymology: Middle English, from Old English hwīnan to whiz; akin to Old Norse hvīna to whiz Date: 13th century intransitive verb 1. a. : to utter a high-pitched plaintive or distressed cry b. : to make a sound similar to such a cry 2. : to complain with or as if with a whine 3. : to move or proceed with the sound of a whine ``` transitive verb : to utter or express with or as if with a whine • whin·er noun • whin·ing·ly \ˈhwī-niŋ-lē, ˈwī-\ adverb II. noun Date: 1633 1. a. : a prolonged high-pitched cry usually expressive of distress or pain b. : a sound resembling such a cry 2. : a complaint uttered with or as if with a whine • whiny also whin·ey \ˈhwī-nē, ˈwī-\ adjective 美国传统词典英汉 whine AHD:[hwīn, wīn] D.J.[hwaɪn, waɪn] K.K.[hwaɪn, waɪn] v.（动词） whined, whin.ing, whines v.intr.（不及物动词） To utter a plaintive, high-pitched, protracted sound, as in pain, fear, supplication, or complaint. 发出哀叫声：发出悲哀的，尖厉而拖长的声音，如在疼痛、恐惧、哀求或抱怨中 To complain or protest in a childish fashion. 嘀咕，哼哼唧唧地说：用种孩子气般的方式抱怨或提出异议 To produce a sustained noise of relatively high pitch: 发呜呜声：发出持续的相对高声调的声音： jet engines whining. 喷气式飞机引擎隆隆作响 v.tr.（及物动词） To utter with a whine. 发出哀鸣声，哼哼唧唧地说出 n.（名词） The act of whining. 哀鸣、嘀咕的行为 A whining sound. 哀鸣声、哼哼唧唧声 A complaint uttered in a plaintive tone. 以悲哀音调发出的抱怨 ``` ``` 语源 Middle English whinen 中古英语 whinen from Old English hwīnan [to make a whizzing sound] 源自古英语 hwīnan [发出飕飕声] ``` 继承用法 whinʹer n.（名词） whinʹingly adv.（副词） whinʹy 或 whinʹey adj.（形容词）

Answer 150

``` hoyden (n.) 1590s, of unknown origin; perhaps from Du. heiden "rustic, uncivilized man," from M.Du. heiden "heathen" (see heathen). Originally in English "rude, boorish fellow;" sense of "ill-bred, boisterous female" first recorded 1670s. 韦氏大学 hoy·den \ˈhȯi-dən\ noun Etymology: perhaps from obsolete Dutch heiden country lout, from Middle Dutch, heathen; akin to Old English hǣthen heathen Date: 1676 : a girl or woman of saucy, boisterous, or carefree behavior • hoy·den·ish \-ish\ adjective 美国传统词典英汉 hoy.den AHD:[hoidʹn] D.J.[ˈhɔɪdn] K.K.[ˈhɔɪdņ] n.（名词） A high-spirited, boisterous, or saucy girl. 顽皮姑娘：活泼的、爱嬉闹的或顽皮的姑娘 adj.（形容词） High-spirited; boisterous. 活泼的；爱嬉闹的 ``` ``` 语源 From earlier hoyden [a rude youth] 源自较早期 hoyden [粗鲁的年轻人] probably from Dutch heiden [heathen, boor] 可能源自荷兰语 heiden [异教徒，蠢笨的人] from Middle Dutch * see kaito- 源自中古荷兰语 *参见 kaito- ``` 继承用法 hoyʹdenish adj.（形容词）

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