Gross Brain, Meninges and Sinuses

Question 1

How does the brain stimulate movement? Maintain homeostasis?

Answer 1

• sensory and motor inputs

- between internal and external environment

Question 2

What functional modality is served in occipital lobe?

Answer 2

vision, contains primary visual cortex

Question 3

What functional modality is served in parietal lobe?

Answer 3

sensation and information integration (contains primary sensory cortex)

Question 4

What functional modality is served in temporal lobe?

Answer 4

motion (contains primary motor cortex)

Question 5

What contains fibers connecting cerebral hemispheres?

Answer 5

corpus callosum

Question 6

What is the relay station for all senses? Which sense is missing?

Answer 6

Thalamus, olfaction

Question 7

Where is the center for autonomic and endocrine functions?

Answer 7

hypothalamus

Question 8

What is the “master” gland for homeostasis?

Answer 8

pituitary gland

Question 9

Where is the center for sleep-wake cycles?

Answer 9

pineal gland

Question 10

Where are the nuclei related to emotions? (ant to midbrain)

Answer 10

mammillary bodies

Question 11

What are the 2 main sources of blood to brain?

Answer 11

ICA system and vertebrobasilar arterial system

Question 12

What is the anastomoses between the 2 main sources of blood to the brain?

Answer 12

circle of willis

Question 13

Path of ICA

Answer 13

carotid canal -> 90˚ turn -> ascends sup foramen lacer -> enters cavernous sinus into cranial cavity

Question 14

Vertebral a path

Answer 14

transverse foramina of C6 and above -> 90˚ turn -> foramen magnum -> joins opposite vertebral a and forms basilar a

Question 15

What does ICA terminate as?

Answer 15

middle and anterior cerebral aa

Question 16

What does the vertebrobasilar system supply?

Answer 16

posterior brain

Question 17

What do the posterior spinal aa supply?

Answer 17

post 1/3 spinal cord

Question 18

What do ant spinal aa supply?

Answer 18

ant 2/3 spinal cord

Question 19

What does post inf cerebellar aa supply?

Answer 19

inf cerebellum and lateral medulla

Question 20

What brain lobes do the ant cranial fossa hold? bones?

Answer 20

frontal lobes

- frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid

Question 21

What brain lobes do middle cranial fossa hold? bones?

Answer 21

temporal lobes

- sphenoid, parietal, petrous portion of temporal

Question 22

What lobes do post cranial fossa hold? bones?

Answer 22

cerebellum and brainstem

- temporal, parietal, occipital

Question 23

Where does middle cranial fossa extend?

Answer 23

lesser wing of sphenoid bone to sup extent of petrous portion of temporal

Question 24

What is the rough outer layer of dura mater adherent to the skull?

Answer 24

periosteal layer

Question 25

What is the smooth inner layer of dura mater that covers arachnoid mater?

Answer 25

meningeal layer

Question 26

What occurs when middle meningeal a tears quickly?

Answer 26

leads to epidural (extradural) hematoma (arterial bleeding between dura mater and skull)

Question 27

Fractures in which portion of the skull commonly produce tearing of ant branch of middle meningeal a (frontal br)?

Answer 27

pterion

Question 28

T/F the brain has sensory innervation

Answer 28

F, the meninges do

Question 29

Where is falx cerebri found between?

Answer 29

sagittal fissure

Question 30

Where is falx cerebelli found between?

Answer 30

two cerebellar hemisphere

Question 31

Where is tentorium cerebelli found?

Answer 31

between cerebrum and cerebellum

Question 32

Where is diaphragma sellae found?

Answer 32

between brain and pituitary gland

Question 33

What passes through cavernous sinus?

Answer 33

ICA and CN VI

Question 34

What CNs are sheathed in the lateral wall of cavernous sinus?

Answer 34

CN III, IV, V1 and V2

Question 35

What results from ICA rupture with skull base fractures?

Answer 35

arteriovenous fistula -> abnormal reflex of blood into ophthalmic vv (pulsating exophthalmos)

Question 36

What occurs with. blows that jerk the brain inside the skull?

Answer 36

subdural hematoma, rupture of cerebral v. limited by falx cerebri and tentorum cerebelli

Question 37

What is the thin non-vascular membrane loosely surrounding the brain?

Answer 37

arachnoid mater

Question 38

What is deep to the arachnoid mater?

Answer 38

arachnoid space

Question 39

Where are cerebral and cerebellar blood vessels found?

Answer 39

in subarachnoid space, contains CSF

Question 40

What acts as shock absorber forming fluid cushion of gyri and sulci?

Answer 40

subarachnoid space

Question 41

What is the delicate membrane surrounding the brain and is pierced by vessels supplying the brain?

Answer 41

pia mater