Skull, Face and Scalp

Question 1

What is a bony case of brain and meninges that contains the proximal portions of the cranial nn and vasculature of the brain?

Answer 1

neurocraniam

Question 2

What supports the anterior cranium and defines mouth, nose and most of the orbits?

Answer 2

viscerocranium

Question 3

Which bones contribute to the orbit?

Answer 3

frontal = roof 
ethmoidal and lacrimal = medial wall 
lesser wing of sphenoid = post wall
 palatine = medial wall
zygomatic = lat wall
maxillary = floor and part of medial wall

Question 4

What are the paired bones of the face? unpaired?

Answer 4

nasal, maxilla, zygomatic, lacrimal, inferior concha and palatine
unpaired = vomer and mandible

Question 5

Where is the supraorbital foramen/notch in the orbit?

Answer 5

in the superciliary arch

Question 6

What helps the orbit to communicate with the nasal cavity?

Answer 6

lacrimal groove

Question 7

What are the boundaries of the nasal cavity?

Answer 7

nasal bones, frontal sinus, ethmoid, sphenoid sinus = roof
maxillary bones = floor and lat wall
palatine horizontal plate = floor
vomer and perpendicular plate of ethmoid = medial wall
nasal septum = medial

Question 8

What helps to make the nasal bones lighter?

Answer 8

paranasal sinuses

Question 9

What adds resonance to the voice?

Answer 9

paranasal sinus

Question 10

How many frontal sinuses are there? ethmoid air cells? sphenoid sinuses? maxillary sinuses?

Answer 10

2, 3-13, 2, 2

Question 11

What are the layers of the scalp?

Answer 11

skin, connective tissue, aponeurosis, loose connective tissue, pericranium

Question 12

Where is the skin of the scalp thicker?

Answer 12

occipital region

Question 13

Where do the vessels and nerves reside in the scalp?

Answer 13

connective tissue layer

Question 14

Why do superficial wounds in the connective tissue layer of the scalp tend to bleed profusely?

Answer 14

due to vascular anastomoses, lacerations “held” open by dense CT

Question 15

Why do deep wounds in the aponeurotic layer gape widely?

Answer 15

muscles attached there (frontal and occipitals mm)

Question 16

Where is the danger space of the scalp? Why?

Answer 16

loose areolar tissue

- infection spread easily into the cranial cavity through emissary veins to meninges

Question 17

How many mm of mastication are there?

Answer 17

4 pairs

Question 18

T/F there are no deep fascia of the face because all of the mm attachments of facial expression

Answer 18

T

Question 19

What innervates muscles of facial expression?

Answer 19

Facial n

Question 20

What are the muscles of mastication?

Answer 20

temporalis, masseter, medial pterygoid, lateral pterygoid

Question 21

What nerve provides sensory to the face and scalp?

Answer 21

trigeminal n

Question 22

What does the cervical n innervate?

Answer 22

sensory to back of head, ears and jaw

Question 23

What does facial n provide?

Answer 23

motor to mm of facial expression

Question 24

What does the mandibular (CN V3) provide?

Answer 24

motor to mm of mastication

Question 25

What nn provide sensory innervation and to which areas of the face?

Answer 25

``` trigeminal = face and anterior scalp cervical n (C2,3) = jaw, ears and posterior scalp ```

Question 26

What nn provide motor innervation and to which areas of the face?

Answer 26

facial n = muscles of facial expression | mandibular n = muscles of mastication

Question 27

What does the supraorbital n supply?

Answer 27

central forehead

Question 28

What does the supratrochlear n supply?

Answer 28

medial forehead

Question 29

What does the infratrochlear n supply?

Answer 29

upper nose

Question 30

What does the external nasal n supply?

Answer 30

lower nose

Question 31

What does the lacrimal n supply?

Answer 31

lateral brow

Question 32

What supplies the upper eyelid?

Answer 32

V1

Question 33

What is a boundary line between V1 and V2?

Answer 33

orbital fissure

Question 34

What does the zygomaticotemporal n supply?

Answer 34

temple

Question 35

What does the zygomaticofacial n supply?

Answer 35

maxilla and upper lip

Question 36

What is the boundaries between V2 and V3?

Answer 36

oral fissure

Question 37

What does the auriculotemporal n supply?

Answer 37

ear and temple

Question 38

What happens when the facial n is injured?

Answer 38

paralysis on side of face affected (Bell's palsy)

Question 39

What could have occurred to injure the facial n?

Answer 39

inflammation at stylomastoid foramen, edema and compression in facial canal

Question 40

What transmits saliva from the gland?

Answer 40

parotid (Stenson's) duct

Question 41

What can occur with injury to the parotid gland?

Answer 41

calculus formation = assoc with chronic parotiditis salivary fistulas neoplasms Frey's syndrome = gustatory sweating

Question 42

What is the buccal fat pad?

Answer 42

fat pad located anterior to masseter m

Question 43

What does the buccal fat pad protect?

Answer 43

parotid duct and CN VII

Question 44

What nn are related to buccinator m?

Answer 44

buccal branches of: CN VII = motor to buccinator m CN V3 = sensory to buccal mucosa and skin of cheek

Question 45

T/F V3 supplies the buccinator m

Answer 45

F; only pierces the m

Question 46

What does the superficial temporal a and v branch off of?

Answer 46

``` artery = external carotid a vein = drains to retromandibular v ```

Question 47

What does the superficial temporal a and v travel with?

Answer 47

auriculotemporal n

Question 48

What does the transverse facial a and v branch off?

Answer 48

superficial temporal vessels

Question 49

Where does the transverse facial a and v run?

Answer 49

crosses masseter m between zygomatic arch and parotid duct

Question 50

What does transverse facial a supply blood to?

Answer 50

upper cheek region (parotid gland, duct and masseter m)

Question 51

Where do the facial a and v cross?

Answer 51

mandbile at anterior border of masseter m (can palpate pulse)

Question 52

What branches of the facial a go to the lips? medial angles of eyes?

Answer 52

- inferior and superior labial branches | - angular a and v

Question 53

How does the lymphatics drain the head and neck?

Answer 53

inferiorly and superficial to deep because need to get down to venous angle

Question 54

Where do lymphatics drain too?

Answer 54

ultimately to right lymphatic duct or thoracic duct

Question 55

Are lymphatic drainage ipsilateral or contralateral?

Answer 55

ipsilateral

Question 56

Where do submental nodes drain?

Answer 56

medial lower lip to chin ipsilaterally

Question 57

where do the submandibular nodes drain?

Answer 57

from medial corner of orbit, most of external nose, medial part of cheek, upper lip, and lateral lower lip that follows facial artery

Question 58

What do the preauricular and parotid nodes drain?

Answer 58

most of eyelids, part of external nose and lateral cheek

Question 59

what do the jugulodigastric nodes drain?

Answer 59

preauricular and parotid nodes, mastoid nodes, occipital nodes

Question 60

what do the deep cervical nodes drain?

Answer 60

submandibular nodes

Question 61

What does the jugulomylohyoid node drain?

Answer 61

jugulodigastric, deep cervical and submental nodes