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Anatomy Unit 1 > Posterior Cervical Triangle > Flashcards

Posterior Cervical Triangle Flashcards

(72 cards)

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1
Q

What is the superficial fascia comprised of?

A

loose connective tissue and fat

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2
Q

What is the dense organized connective tissue layer of fascia and what is it missing?

A

deep fascia. fat

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3
Q

What does deep fascia envelop?

A

most body structures deep to skin and subcutaneous tissue

- compartmentalizes them

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4
Q

Which fascia layer is made up of many layers?

A

deep

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5
Q

What is an example of a muscle found in superficial neck fascia?

A

platysma m

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6
Q

What does the deep fascia aid in?

A

muscle movements, provides passageways for nn and vessels and provides attachment for some mm

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7
Q

What is a tube that provides continuity from the head to the trunk?

A

neck

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8
Q

What are the compartments within the neck?

A

1 visceral component (anterior), 1 vertebral (posterior) and 2 vascular (laterally)

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9
Q

What does the visceral component contain?

A

digestive and respiratory systems as well as some endocrine glands

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10
Q

What does the vertebral component contain?

A

cervical vertebrae, spinal cord, cervical nn and mm associated with vertebral column

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11
Q

What do the vascular components contain?

A

major vessels and vagus n (CN X)

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12
Q

What are types of deep fascia of the neck?

A

investing, pretracheal, buccopharngeal, alar, prevertebral, carotid sheath

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13
Q

What does the investing fascia surround?

A

trapezius, SCM mm and infra hyoid mm

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14
Q

What does the pretracheal fascia surround?

A

thyroid, trachea and esophagus and post surface of infrahyoid mm

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15
Q

What does the buccopharyngeal fascia surround?

A
  • special area of pretracheal fascia

- pharynx posteriorly, portion of visceral fascia that resides on posterior pharynx

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16
Q

What does the alar fascia surround?

A

anterior layer of prevertebral and deep back mm

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17
Q

What does the prevertebral fascia surround?

A

prevertebral and deep back mm

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18
Q

What does the carotid sheath surround?

A

common carotid a, internal carotid a, internal jugular v and vagus n

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19
Q

What layers contribute to the carotid sheath?

A

investing, pretracheal and prevertebral fascia

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20
Q

In which view is the carotid space not visible?

A

sagittal view

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21
Q

What are the types of fascial spaces?

A

carotid sheath, pretracheal space, retropharyngeal space, prevertebral “danger” space

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22
Q

Where does the carotid sheath lie between? What forms it?

A

SCM and prevertebral mm

- formed by condensations of deep cervical fascia

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23
Q

What does the carotid sheath encase?

A

carotid aa, IJVs and vagus nn

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24
Q

Where does the carotid sheath extend? What can this cause?

A

from skull into middle mediastinum (heart)

- infections or blood may spread with sheaths

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25
Where is the pretracheal space?
- between trachea and infrahyoid mm | - from thyroid cartilage down into anterior mediastinum
26
Which space does not extend to the cranial base?
pretracheal space
27
Where is the retropharyngeal space?
- between buccopharyngeal and alar fascia | - from skull base into superior mediastinum (bifurcation of trachea)
28
What space can fill if hold in sneeze?
retropharyngeal space fills with air, if filled with fluid takes longer to resolve
29
Where is the prevertebral "danger" space?
- between alar and prevertebral fascia | - from skull base to posterior mediastinum
30
Why is the 'danger' space bad?
notorious for inferior spread of infections here
31
Where is zone I of the neck?
thoracic inlet to cricoid cartilage
32
Where is zone II of the neck?
cricoid cartilage to angle of mandible
33
Where is zone III of neck?
angle of mandible to base of skull
34
Why are the horizontal zones of the neck useful?
used in clinical assessment of neck trauma (ER)
35
What are the boundaries of the posterior cervical triangle?
SCM = anterior trapezius m = posterior middle 1/3 of clavicle = inferior boundary
36
What are the contents of the posterior cervical triangle?
platysma m, external jugular v, cutaneous nn, motor nn, transverse cervical and supra scapular aa, deep muscles
37
What are the superficial contents of the post cervical tri?
platysma m and external jugular v
38
What are the cutaneous nn found in the post cervical triangle?
lesser occipital (C2,3), greater auricular (C2,3), transverse cervical (C2,3), supraclavicular nn (C3,4)
39
Where do all of the cutaneous nn emerge?
deep to SCM at erb's point
40
Where does the lesser occipital n (C2,3) run?
superiorly along post border of SCM
41
What does the lesser occipital n cross?
portion of occipital a
42
What does the LON supply?
skin of scalp at apex of triangle
43
Where does the greater auricular n run?
with EJV sup toward ear, ascend vertically on surface of SCM
44
What does the GAN supply?
lobe of skin post to auricle and angle of mandible to mastoid process
45
Where does the transverse cervical n run?
transversely across middle of SCM
46
What does the TCN supply?
skin of anterior cervical triangle and lateral neck
47
What are the branches of supraclavicular n?
medial, intermediate and lateral (post) nn
48
Where does SCN run?
superficial to clavicle and deep to platysma
49
What does SCN supply?
skin of clavicular region
50
What motor nerves lie in the post cervical triangle?
accessory and phrenic(C3-5) nn
51
Where does the accessory n emerge?
from jugular foramen of skull
52
Where does the accessory n run?
diagonally thru triangle deep to investing fascia
53
What does accessory n supply?
SCM and trapezius mm
54
Where does the phrenic n descend?
vertically along ant scalene m
55
What cross the phrenic n anteriorly?
transverse cervical a and supra scapular a
56
Where does the phrenic n enter thorax?
between subclavian v and a
57
What does the phrenic n travel along?
pericardial sac to supply diaphragm
58
Why is there referred pain in pleurisy?
phrenic and supraclavicular nn share similar origins (C3-5 vs 3-4) so irritation of phrenic n referred from diaphragm to supraclavicular n in clavicular region
59
What are the vessels of the post cervical triangle?
EJV, transverse cervical a and suprascapular a
60
Where does the EJV drain?
into subclavian v
61
Where are the transverse cervical and supra scapular a from?
thyrocervical trunk
62
Where does the transverse cervical a and suprascapular a run?
- slightly post to triangle and ant to scalene m | - laterally down, post to clavicle
63
What are the deep mm of the post triangle?
splenius capitis, levator scapulae, 3 scalene mm, omohyoid m
64
What is the function of the splenius capitis m?
extend and laterally rotate head neck
65
What innervates splenius capitis m?
dorsal rami of spinal nn
66
What does the elevator scapulae m do? what innervates it?
elevate scapula, dorsal scapular n (C5)
67
What are the three scalene muscles and their function/ innervation?
anterior, middle and posterior - tilt neck laterally - ventral rami C3-8 nn
68
Where does the inter scalene triangle lie?
deep to post cervical triangle
69
What forms the inter scalene triangle?
ant scalene, middle scalene and 1st rib
70
What passes through inter scalene triangle?
brachial plexus and subclavian a
71
What passes ant to anterior scalene m?
subclavian v (not part of scalene triangle)
72
What may contribute to thoracic outlet syndrome?
anatomical variations of interscalene triangle

Anatomy Unit 1 (11 decks)

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