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Gross Pathology > Gross Pathology of Respiratory System > Flashcards

Gross Pathology of Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

Alpaca congenital malformation

A

Choanal atresia

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2
Q

Four lesions associated with Brachycephalic Airway Obstruction Syndrome

A
  1. stenotic nares
  2. elongated soft palate
  3. tracheal hypoplasia
  4. everted laryngeal sacccules
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3
Q

Species affected by tracheal collapse

(chondromalacia)

A

Dogs, horses (ponies and American minis)

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4
Q

Common horse laryngeal malformation; contributes to what other condition?

A

Epiglottal hypoplasia; Dorsal Displacement of the Soft Palate

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5
Q

Possible causes of hypoplastic lungs

A

Anything that prevents inflation:
* Hydrops fatalis/hydramnios (fluid in amnion)
* Dexter bulldog calves with anasarca
* Congenital diaphragmatic hernia
* Intrathoracic mass

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6
Q

Cause of atelectatic lungs in foal

A

Equine neonatal respiratory distress syndrome- reduced production of surfactant proteins

Will see expiratory grunt or bark at birth, hypoxemia, heart failure

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7
Q

Flat pigmented areas of lung; only acquired version of this disease

A

melanosis; Nero cecilian pigs eating acorns with phenols

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8
Q

Ddx for erosive lesion on nose of white cat

A
  1. squamous cell carcinoma
  2. Cryptococcus infection
  3. Sporotrichosis infection
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9
Q

Infiltrative tumor from sinus of horse; origin?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma; epithelium around tooth

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10
Q

Which types of carcinomas arise from where within the nasal cavity?

A
  • Rostral- SCC
  • Middle- transitional nasal carcinoma
  • Caudal- adenocarcinoma (b/c glandular)
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11
Q

Nasal tumor in sheep; cause?

A

Nasal adenocarcinoma; beta retrovirus- Enzootic Nasal Tumor virus 1

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12
Q

What type of lymphoma do cats get in the nasal cavity?

A

B cell

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13
Q

What type of nasal tumors do dolicocephalic breeds get?

A

chondrosarcoma

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14
Q

Laryngeal tumor in dog; distinguishing histologic feature

A

rhabdomyoma/sarcoma; big pink cells with bright pink granules (mitochondria)

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15
Q

Pulmonary adenocarcinoma growth pattern

A

Lepidic (along alveolar septa)

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16
Q

Horse airway or lung tumor is most likely…

A

Granular Cell Tumor

from Schwann cells

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17
Q

Metastasizes to lungs in rabbits

A

Primary uterine carcinoma

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18
Q

Tumors that metastasize to lungs (3); source

A
  1. hemangiosarcoma; right atrium
  2. melanoma; anywhere
  3. carcinoma; mammary
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19
Q

Causes “driving sickness” in sheep 4-6 years of age

A

Endogenous beta retrovirus (jaagsiekte) causing pulmonary adenocarcinoma

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20
Q

Where does mesothelioma occur in the dog? rats? NHPs?

A

Dog- pleura and pericardium
Rats- abdomen
NHPs- diaphragm

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21
Q

Ddx for mesothelioma in white-tailed deer?

A

Mycobacterium bovis

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22
Q

Top two viral ddx in cat URI; secondary bacterial infections?

A

Feline herpesvirus
Feline calicivirus (RNA virus)
; Chlamydia felis, mycoplasma felis, mycoplasma gati

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23
Q

Where does herpesvirus go latent in the cat?

A

Trigeminal ganglion
Optic nerve
Cornea

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24
Q

Distinguishing feature of alpha herpes virus

A

Necrosis in airways

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25
Q

What type of pneumonia is seen with bacterial infection?

A

Bronchopneumonia- cranioventral distribution (red, collapsed, atalectatic)

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26
Q

What type of pneumonia is seen with viral infection?

A

Interstitial pneumonia- diffuse distribution (because hematogenous) that starts at the hilus

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27
Q

What type of herpes virus causes the most respiratory disease?

A

Alpha herpes

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28
Q

Name a beta herpesvirus; when does it occur

A

Cytomegalovirus; immunosuppressed animals

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29
Q

Name a gamma herpesvirus; what does it cause?

A

Lymphocryptovirus; lymphoproliferative neoplasms

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30
Q

Who is susceptible to herpes virus infection?

A

Young animals (lower temperature)

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31
Q

Cause of tracheitis with fibrinonecrotic membrane in the ox

A

Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR), bovine herpesvirus 1

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32
Q

Contributors to Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex

A
  • IBR (bovine herpesvirus 1)
  • Bovine respiratory syncytial virus
  • Parainfluenza 3
  • Adenovirus
  • Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus
  • Bovine respiratory coronavirus
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33
Q

Cause of fibrinonecrotic membranes and hemorrhage in chicken airways

A

Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT), avian herpesvirus type 1

34
Q

Cause of necrosis of nasal turbinates (not loss) in piglets

A

Pseudorabies, suid herpesvirus type 1

Ddx is atrophic rhinitis and inclusion body rhinitis

35
Q

Pseudorabies disease course

A

Mild unless <2 weeks old, pregnant, or immunocompromised
Cause of neonatal mortality
Mostly a systemic disease
Pneumonia if severe

36
Q

Equine herpesvirus 1 effects by age

A

Adult- mild sinusitis
Fetal abortion, stillborn
Foals- white spots on lung (necrosis), rib impressions (edema), pleural effusion, fibrin cast in trachea, systemic white foci

37
Q

Ddx for viral pneumonia in foals

A

Equine herpesvirus type 1
Equine herpesvirus type 4
Equine cytomegalovirus
Equine viral arteritis
Equine adenovirus
Equine influenza

38
Q

Cytomegalovirus in pigs; when and where?

A

3-6 weeks, rhinotracheitis

39
Q

Gamma herpesvirus in horse; disease caused; histologic feature

A

Equine Herpesvirus 5; equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis; intranuclear inclusions in alveolar macrophages

40
Q

Gammaherpes virus in ruminants

A

Malignant Catarrhal Fever, ruminant rhadinovirus

41
Q

Very young Arabian foal with “patchwork quilt” lungs; histologic feature

A

Equine adenovirus; very large viral inclusion bodies

42
Q

Other species affected by adenovirus

A

Baboon (young or SIV infected)
Guinea pigs (adults)
Deer- vasculitis, edema (attach endothelium)

43
Q

Two features of pox virus (for morph)

A

Proliferative and necrotizing

44
Q

Histologic feature of pox virus

A

Tremendous inclusion bodies in cytoplasm

45
Q

How is pox virus spread?

A

Biting insects

46
Q

Viral disease characterized by crusty lesion with center of necrosis, ulcerates, proliferates; affects skin of face, feet, waddle

A

Dry pox

47
Q

Viral disease characterized by proliferative lesions without necrosis; affects skin, can go systemic

A

Wet pox

48
Q

Which species get systemic pox disease?

A

Sheep, camels, rabbits, people

49
Q

Driver of Enzootic lymphoma in cattle

A

Bovine leukemia virus

50
Q

Possible outcomes of Bovine Leukemia Virus

A

30% infected
30% of those have persistent lymphocytosis
5% of those get leukemia

51
Q

Three types of sporadic lymphoma

A
  1. Juvenile (<6mo)
  2. Thymic (<2years)
  3. Cutaneous (2-4 years)
52
Q

Most common locations of lymphoma

A
  1. Abomasum
  2. Uterus
  3. Lymph nodes
  4. Right atrium
53
Q

Clinical findings associated with Juvenile lymphoma

A
  • Anemia, myelofibrosis, marrow infarction, thrombocytopenia
  • Lymph nodes X10
  • Dystocia if present at birth
54
Q

Clinical findings with thymic lymphoma

A
  • Presternal swelling
  • Jugular distension
  • Compression of esophagus and trachea
  • Respiratory distress
55
Q

Clinical findings with cutaneous lymphoma

A
  • Nodules on head, flanks, perineum
  • Wax and wane
  • Alopecia and ulceration
  • Later spreads to viscera (indistinguishable from enzootic lymphoma)
56
Q

What population are you most likely to find Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus?

A

Young feedlot steers

57
Q

What type of virus is BRSV?

A

Paramyxovirus

58
Q

BRSV is part of what complex?

A

Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex with Parainfluenza 3

59
Q

Gross lesions of BRSV

A

Cranioventral atalectasis, caudodorsal edema

60
Q

What cell types does BRSV affect? Main target?

A

All epithelium, macrophages; main target is ciliated epithelium

61
Q

Bovine Parainfluenza 3

A

Differential for BRDC, not as severe as BRSV

62
Q

What does Sendai virus cause?

A

Interstitial pneumonia in immunocompetent rats/mice

63
Q

What orbivirus affects sheep? Classic gross lesions?

A

Bluetongue; Red nose (hemorrhage), congested buccal mucosa, mouth ulcers, lung edema (endotheliotropic), pulmonary artery hemorrhage

64
Q

What orbivirus affects horses?

A

African Horse Sickness

65
Q

What orbivirus affects deer? Differential?

A

Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease; adenovirus

66
Q

Names for disease caused by ovine lentivirus

A

Ovine Progressive Pneumonia (OPP) or Ovine lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia

67
Q

Presentations of ovine lentivirus (OPP)

A

Maedi- Interstitial pneumonia, lymphoid proliferation
Visna- Neurologic disease in YOUNG animals

68
Q

Name for disease caused by caprine lentivirus

A

Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis (CAE); also get Maedi-like lung disease

69
Q

How to differentiate ovine lentivirus (Maedi) from Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus

A

Jaagsiekte is not diffuse, Maedi is. Maedi is an exogenous lentivirus (contagious), whereas Jaagsiekte is an endogenous retrovirus

70
Q

Name endogenous retroviruses; exogenous?

A

Jaagsiekte; ovine lentivirus, caprine lentivirus, enzootic nasal tumor virus (ENTV1, 2)

71
Q

Differentials for a chicken with significant hemorrhage

A

Newcastle
HPAI
Pasteurella multocida (fowl plague)

72
Q

Gross signs associated with HPAI

A

Endotheliotropic:
Lung hemorrhage (non-specific)
Pancreatic necrosis
Hemorrhage on shanks*

73
Q

Gross lesions associated with swine influenza

A

Necrosis of airway epithelium (trachea) and cranioventral pneumonia

74
Q

Viral differentials for patchy edematous pig lungs (bronchointerstitial pneumonia)

A

Swine Influenza
PRRS (arterivirus)
Porcine circovirus (lymphocytic)

75
Q

Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome in adult pigs

A

Late term abortions and weak piglets with pneumonia

76
Q

Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome in young pigs (grower finisher)

A

Necrotizing and proliferative interstitial pneumonia

77
Q

What causes Infectious Bronchitis in poultry?

A

Coronavirus

78
Q

Classic lesions associated with Infectious Bronchitis in poultry

A

Foamy mesentery, air sac and trachea mucus, cloudy and thickened air sacs
Subsets: kidney disease, uterus- wrinkly egg shells

79
Q

What causes Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease?

A

Rabbit calicivirus- Rabbit Hemmorhagic Disease Virus 2

80
Q

Gross lesions from Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease

A

Endotheliotropic:
Liver primary target
Lungs and intestine less affected, but rib impressions and hemorrhage

81
Q
A

Gross Pathology (19 decks)

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