Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Enviro Eng > *Groudwater > Flashcards

*Groudwater Flashcards

1
Q

Name the three zones for groundwater and state where the water table is within those layers

A

Unsaturated zone
Capillary fringe
Water table
Saturated zone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define unsaturated zone

A

includes air, water and soil, water is held in tension and is considered unavailable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the definition of a water table?

A

Upper bound of the saturated zone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the saturated zone?

A

Includes water and soil, water flows as groundwater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the capillary fringe?

A

Up to 100% saturated but water is held in tension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is an aquifer?

A

A saturated layer that is permeable enough to allow water to flow through it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is an aquitard?

A

A saturated layer that is not permeable enough to allow water to flow through it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

An aquifer allows water to be pumped out at an economical rate whereas an aquitard does not, true or false?

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Define groundwater

A

The water contained in interconnected pores located below the water table in an aquifer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Define groundwater flow

A

The movement of water through openings in sediment and rock; occurs in the saturated zone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Define artesian

A

A confined aquifer with water that flows upward out of a well without pumping

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Define perched

A

Groundwater above a low permeability layer, usually above an aquifer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Give two definitions for hydraulic gradient

A
  • Slope of the water table
  • Difference in hydraulic head between two points
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is hydraulic conductivity?

A

The ability of the porous media to conduct a fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is porosity?

A

The ratio of volume of voids to total volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is effective porosity and is it usually larger or smaller that porosity?

A

The ratio of interconnected pore spaces to bulk volume, usually larger than porosity

17
Q

What is the difference between groundwater velocity and Darcy velocity (Darcy flux)

A

Groundwater velocity is the actual velocity through soil and Darcy flux is like pipe flow and does not account for soil

18
Q

Real velocity is known as linear or seepage velocity, true or false?

A

True

19
Q

What are the three ways contaminants are transported in groundwater? Describe them

A

Advection - due to groundwater flow
Dispersion - due to irregular flow paths
Diffusion - due to concentration gradient

20
Q

For dispersion does smaller pores mean higher dispersion?

A

Yes, smaller pores = higher velocity = higher dispersion

21
Q

What are the three scales of dispersion from smallest to largest?

A

Micro
Macro
Mega

22
Q

For diffusion contaminant plumes move from high to low concentration, true or false?

A

True

23
Q

What does retardation do?

A

Cause the average contaminant velocity to be slower than the groundwater velocity

24
Q

Adsorption means to cling to the surface, true or false?

A

True

25
Q

Absorption means to penetrate, true or false

A

True

26
Q

What are some of the main contaminants in groundwater from worst to slightly less bad?

A

Lead
Chromium
Zinc
Arsenic
Cadmium
Manganese
Copper
Barium
Nickel

27
Q

NAPLs readily dissolve in water, true or false?

A

False, they do not readily dissolve in water

28
Q

LNAPLs are less dense than water while DNAPLs are more dense than water, true or false?

A

True

29
Q

Pumping is not considered a remediation technology anymore, true or false?

A

True

30
Q

What do slurries typically consist of?

A

Soil, bentonite, and water

31
Q

What do slurries do?

A
  • Contain contaminated groundwater
  • Divert uncontaminated groundwater flow
  • Provide barriers for groundwater treatment systems
32
Q

How does rebounding occur?

A

Adsorption/desorption
Back diffusion
NAPL ganglion
Heterogeneities

33
Q

What are PRBs made of?

A

Reactive materials, mainly compost

34
Q

What are the most commonly use oxidizing agents?

A

Ozone
Hydrogen peroxide
Permanganate

35
Q

What is Diane’s favourite means of remediation? Define it

A

Phytoremediation, uses plants to remediate contaminant

Enviro Eng (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions