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Enviro Eng > *Surface Water > Flashcards

*Surface Water Flashcards

1
Q

Fill in the blank:
Different uses for water require different levels of __________

A

purity

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2
Q

Name five water withdrawals

A

Thermal power
Manufacturing
Agriculture
Municipal
Mining

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3
Q

When does water pollution occur?

A

When discharges of energy or materials degrade water

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4
Q

Water pollution can be classified according to…

A

The nature of pollutants
The sources releasing pollutants
The bodies of water where the pollutants are discharged into

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5
Q

How is water pollution measured?

A

By the concentration of the pollutants in the body of water and their effects on the water uses

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6
Q

Name 6 concerning water pollutants

A

Oxygen-demanding wastes
Nutrients
Thermal pollution
Toxic materials
Acidification
Pathogens

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7
Q

Roughly how much dissolved oxygen do healthy fish need?

A

5 mg/L or 5 ppm

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8
Q

Oxygen required does not depend on the type of fish present in the water, true or false?

A

False

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9
Q

Name another way pollution in surface water is measured that doesn’t include pollutant concentration

A

Potential for oxygen depletion

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10
Q

What does BOD stand for?

A

Biochemical Oxygen Demand

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11
Q

How is BOD created?

A

Through oxygen demanding wastes decaying in the water body

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12
Q

Can animal shit contribute to oxygen depletion?

A

Yes

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13
Q

What are two other types of BOD?

A

CBOD and NBOD

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14
Q

Are the 5 day BOD tests affected by nitrification?

A

No, NBOD starts after 5 days

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15
Q

Name the 6 chemicals that are essential to human growth

A

Nitrogren
Phosphorous
Potassium
Iron
Sulphur
Carbon

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16
Q

Explain eutrophication

A

A process in which water bodies receive excess nutrients that stimulate excessive plant growth

17
Q

What types of sources can nutrients come from?

A

Fertilizers (golf course, lawns)
Nitrogen deposits (atmosphere)
Soil (erosion)
Sewage (treatment plants)

18
Q

Algal blooms have no effect on oxygen levels

A

False, they deplete oxygen levels

19
Q

Thermal pollution results in

A

Reducing dissolved oxygen
Accelerating eutrophication
Affecting ecological processes
Blocking migration paths of fish

20
Q

Name three causes of thermal pollution and describe how they occur

A

Power plants
> heat from fossil fuels is disposed of in natural water bodies

Deforestation of shoreline
> aggravates soil erosion and increases the amount of light that strikes the water

Soil erosion
> increased light absorption in water bodies that raises the temperature of the water

21
Q

Are temperature increases as small as 1 degree C in water a problem?

A

Yes, this can still drive away or kill off native fish and plants

22
Q

What are pathogens and name four examples?

A

They are infectious diseases in water and include:
> Bacteria
> Viruses (hepatitis)
> Protozoa
> Helminth (parasitic worms)

23
Q

What are 4 transmission methods for diseases associated with water?

A

Waterborne: ingesting contaminated water
Water-washed: lack of sufficient water to maintain cleanliness
Water-based: water contact but no ingestion
Water-related: involves a host that depends on water for its habitat

24
Q

What is the allowable concentration of total dissolved solids in drinking water?

A

less than 500 ppm

25
Q

How do heavy metals become pollution?

A

Through industrialization causing huge amounts

26
Q

Name 8 common heavy metals

A

mercury, arsenic, copper, barium, cadmium, chromium, lead, zinc

27
Q

What does VOC stand for?

A

Volatile Organic Compound

28
Q

What are VOC’s

A

Organic compounds that easily become vapours or gases and participate in atmospheric photochemical reactions

29
Q

Name some examples of VOC’s

A

Vinyl chloride > VC
Tetrachloroethylene > PCE
Trichloroethylene > TCE
Carbon tetrachloride > CT

30
Q

What is acidification?

A

Acid deposition through acid rain and acid particles

31
Q

Minerals become more soluble and harmful in low pH environments, true or false

A

True

32
Q

What can neutralize the pH of water?

A

Buffers

33
Q

What are three forms of preliminary treatment?

A

pumping, screening, grit removal

34
Q

What is TDS, TSS and VSS respectively?

A

Total Dissolved Solids
Total Suspended Solids
Volatile Suspended Solids

35
Q

Photosynthesis adds DO to a river during the day and removes it at night, true or false?

A

True

36
Q

Respiration of organisms living in water and sediment adds DO to rivers, true or false?

A

False, it removes

37
Q

What is deoxygenation?

A

Removal of 02 by microorganisms through biodegradation of organic matter

38
Q

What is reaeration?

A

Replenishment through re-aeration at the water/air interface

39
Q

Does reaeration rate (kr) increase or decrease with faster moving water?

A

increase

Enviro Eng (12 decks)

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