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Hydrogeology > Groundwater Flow to Wells > Flashcards

Groundwater Flow to Wells Flashcards

1
Q

water wells are used for extraction of water to fill ___, ____, ____, and ____ needs

A

domestic, industrial, municipal, and irrigation

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2
Q

an alternative way of collecting water through manual operation to move groundwater from the aquifer up to the surface

A

jetmatic pump

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3
Q

wells also function to ____ into the ground

A

inject fluids

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4
Q

example of how wells function to inject fluids

A

injection of hazardous material, provided that there is an impermeable layer

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5
Q

as means of groundwater management, wells sometimes use ______ at rates greater than natural recharge

A

artificially recharge aquifers

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6
Q

during well pumpage, ____ of the head in the aquifer around the well occurs

A

drawdown

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7
Q

during ____, there is increase in the head of the aquifer

A

injection

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8
Q

what is a drawdonw?

A

a change in the hydraulic head of an aquifer around a well due to pumping as part of an aquifer test or well test

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9
Q

is the change in the hydraulic head observed at a well in an aquifer, typically due to pumping a well as part of an aquifer test or well test

A

drawdown

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10
Q

a pumping cone, or ____, will form in the aquifer around a ______ as the water level _____

A

cone of depression
pumping well
declines

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11
Q

in _____, the head is constant with time, no cone of depression

A

steady state flow

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12
Q

in this flow regime, flow is in the horizontal radial direction

A

radial flow

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13
Q

direction of the flow in radial flow

A

horizontal radial direction

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14
Q

radial flow exist in the time period before the _____ has reached the _____ of the reservoir, also known as _____ period

A

pressure transient
boundaries
infinite-acting time period

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15
Q

t or f: radial flow is often observed following other flow regimes

A

T

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16
Q

emergence of radial flow in an infinite conductivity hydraulically fractured well

A

linear-fracture flow to radial flow

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17
Q

1 cubic feet is equal to how how many gal

A

7.48

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18
Q

how many minutes in 1 day

A

1440

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19
Q

discharge causes decline in the cone of depression, or ____

A

drawdown

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20
Q

recharge causes _____ of the cone of deppression

A

buildup

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21
Q

t or f: cone of depression declines as hydraulic head decreases during pumpage

A

T

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22
Q

t or f: even if the cones of depression of nearby wells are already intersecting, you can still extract groundwater

A

f (you can not)

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23
Q

the distance from the land surface (or the measuring point) to the water in the well under non-pumping (static) conditions

A

static water level

24
Q

how is an aquifer test done?

A

done by constantly stimulating the aquifer through constant pumping and observing the aquifer’s “response” (drawdown) in observation wells

25
Q

aquifer test is a common tool that hydrogeologist use to characterize a system of ____, _____, and ____

A

system of aquifers, aquitards, and flow system boundaries

26
Q

is a particular type of aquifer test where water is quickly added or removed from a groundwater well, and the change in hydraulic head is monitored through time, to determine near well aquifer characteristics

A

Slug test

27
Q

slug test is also known as

A

bail-down test

28
Q

a cylinder that is heavier than the water, which causes displacement of water equal to its volume when dropped into the well

A

slug

29
Q

explain the slug test

A
  1. a slug is dropped into a well which cause water in an equal volume of the slug to be displaced
  2. the water head rises, causing the flow to increase, and eventually water level slowly drops
  3. water level eventually reaches the head of the aquifer, the rate of dropping of water level decreases because of the decline in gradient
  4. water level reaches initial head, slug is taken out, water level becomes so low
  5. well is recharged again as water from the aquifer flows into the well again
30
Q

initiated by rapidly lowering the water level in the control well and then taking measurements of the rising water level in the well, slug is withdrawn

A

rising-head test

31
Q

rising-head test is also known as

A

slug-out test

32
Q

is conducted by rapidly raising the water level in the control well and subsequently measuring the falling water level.

A

falling-head test

33
Q

falling-head test is also known as

A

slug-in test

34
Q

boundaries are considered to be either ____ or ____

A

recharge or barrier boundaries

35
Q

is a region in which aquifer is replenished

A

recharge boundary

36
Q

is an edge of the aquifer, where it terminates by either thinning, abutting a low permeability formation, or has been eroded away

A

barrier boundary

37
Q

much of water sources in the philippines is dependent on

A

surface water

38
Q

artificially recharge aquifers is the artificial injection of

A

surface water

39
Q

one example of injection of fluids into the well

A

storing hazardous material, must have impermeable confining layer

40
Q

an inverted cone is created in the head of the aquifer during

A

injection

41
Q

how is water pumped up with oil and returned to the ground

A
  1. oil and water pumped up together into oil wells
  2. separators separate oil from water, sand, and other naturally occurring materials
  3. produced water with oil removed is injected back onto the geologic zone from which it oroginated
42
Q

t or f: steady state flow still creates cone of depression

A

F (it doesn’t)

43
Q

radial flow is created by _____ which results in _____ pressure

A

pumping out of water
negative

44
Q

1 cubic feet is equal to how many cubic meter

A

0.028

45
Q

1 gal is equal to how many cubic meter

A

0.0045

46
Q

aquifer tests determine what

A

near surface aquifer characteristics

47
Q

how many hours should a pumping test be conducted

A

24-48 hours

48
Q

t or f : if the rate of the pumping test is constant, the aquifer is sustainable. if there is changes, it may not sustain

A

T

49
Q

a slug test is a particular type of aquifer test where groundwater is being quickly _____ or ____

A

added or removed

50
Q

two types of barrier boundary

A

bounded by stream on one side

bounded by an impermeable boundary on one side

51
Q

what is perennial stream

A

have water all year round

52
Q

what is intermittent stream

A

water is dependent on groundwater baseflow

53
Q

what is ephemeral stream

A

water during/after precipitation

54
Q

t or f: it is difficult to delineate boundary through ocular investigation

A

T

55
Q

t or f: aquifer thickness should be very large compared to resultant drawdown near real well

A

T

56
Q

delineating hydrogeologic boundaries needs ______ and _____ methods

A

geophysical and dating

Hydrogeology (13 decks)

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