Group 2 Flashcards
(14 cards)
What are Group 2 elements?
The Group 2 elements (Alkaline Earth Metals) are beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), and radium (Ra).
Trend in reactivity down Group 2.
Reactivity increases down the group due to increased electron shielding and a larger atomic radius.
What is the overall method for extracting titanium from its ores?
Titanium is extracted using the Kroll process, a two-step method that involves converting titanium oxide to titanium chloride, then reducing the chloride with magnesium.
What is the first step in the Kroll process?
TiO₂ + 2Cl₂ + C → TiCl₄ + CO₂
Hydroxides of Group 2 elements.
Their hydroxides are basic, and their solubility increases down the group.
Sulfates of Group 2 elements.
Their sulfates are generally soluble, with barium sulfate being an exception.
Uses of barium.
In X-ray imaging and as a radiation shield.
How do Group 2 metals react with water?
They react with water to form a metal hydroxide and hydrogen gas, with reactivity increasing down the group.
What happens when Group 2 metals react with acids?
They react with acids to form a salt and hydrogen gas.
What factors affect the melting point of Group 2 metals?
Melting point is affected by the strength of metallic bonding, which is influenced by factors like atomic radius and the number of electrons involved in bonding.
What is calcium hydroxide used for?
Calcium hydroxide is used to neutralize acidic soils in agriculture.
What is magnesium hydroxide used for?
Magnesium hydroxide (milk of magnesia) is used as an antacid for indigestion relief
What is the second step in the Kroll process?
TiCl₄(g) + 2Mg(l) → Ti(s) + 2MgCl₂ (l)
Why is magnesium used in the reduction step?
Magnesium has a higher affinity for chlorine than titanium, so it displaces the chlorine, forming titanium metal.
