Group Behavior

Question 1

A _ consists of two or more individuals, interacting and interdependent, who come together to achieve particular objectives.

Answer 1

Group

Question 2

A _ is a designated work group defined by the organization’s structure.

Answer 2

Formal Group

Question 3

A _ is composed of individuals who report directly to a given manager.

Answer 3

Command group

Question 4

A _ are those working together to complete a job task.

Answer 4

Task group

Question 5

A/an _ is neither formally structured nor organizationally determined which appears in response to the need for social contact.

Answer 5

Informal group

Question 6

A/an _ is working together to attain a specific objective with which each is concerned.

Answer 6

Interest group

Question 7

A/an _ are those brought together because hey share on or more common chracteristcs.

Answer 7

Friendship group

Question 8

_. This reduce the insecurity of standing alone, feel stronger, fewer self-doubts, and more resistant to threats.

Answer 8

Security

Question 9

_. Inclusion in a group viewed by outsiders as important; provides recognition and status.

Answer 9

Status

Question 10

_. Provides feelings of self-worth to group members, in addition to conveying status to outsiders

Answer 10

Self-esteem

Question 11

_. Fulfills social needs. Enjoys regular interaction; can be primary source for fulfilling need for affiliation

Answer 11

Affiliation

Question 12

_. What cannot be achieved individually often becomes possible; power in numbers

Answer 12

Power

Question 13

_. Some tasks require more than one person; need to pool talents, knowledge, or power to complete the job. In such instances, management may rely on the use of a formal group.

Answer 13

Goal Achievement

Question 14

Stages of Group Development:
1. _
2. _
3. _
4. _
5. _
6. _

Answer 14

1. Pre-stage I
2. Forming
3. Storming
4. Norming
5. Performing
6. Adjourning

Question 15

Basic Group Concepts include:
1. _
2. _
3. _
4. _
5. _
6. _

Answer 15

1. Roles;
2. Norms;
3. Status;
4. Cohesiveness;
5. Size
6. Competition

Question 16

_ states that there are certain attitudes and actual behaviors consistent with a role. People have the ability to shift roles rapidly when situation demands.

Answer 16

Role Identity

Question 17

_ highlights an individual’s own view of how he or she is supposed to act in a given situation. This perception comes from friends, books, movies, TV etc.

Answer 17

Role identity

Question 18

_ defines how others believe a person should act in a given situation.

Answer 18

Role expectation

Question 19

_ is an unwritten agreement that exists between employees and their employer. It sets our mutual expectations what management expects rom workers and vice versa.

Answer 19

Psychological Contract

Question 20

_ exists when an individual finds compliance with one role requirement may make it more difficult to comply with another.

Answer 20

Role conflict

Question 21

_ are acceptable standards of behavior within a group that are adopted and shared by the group’s members.

Answer 21

Norms

Question 22

_ tell members what they ought or ought not to do under certain circumstances.

Answer 22

Norms

Question 23

_ differ among groups, communities and societies, but they all have them.

Answer 23

Norms

Question 24

_ is present mostly in work groups where they typically provide their members with explicit cues on how hard they should work, how to get the job done, their level of output, appropriate levels of tardiness and the like. It is based solely on the employee’s ability and level of personal motivation.

Answer 24

Performance norms

Question 25

_ includes things like appropriate dress, loyalty to the work group or organization, when to look busy and when it's acceptable to good off.

Answer 25

Appearance norms

Question 26

_ come from informal work groups and primarily regulate social interactions within the group. With whom group members each lunch, friendships on and off the job, social games and the like are influenced by these norms.

Answer 26

Social arrangement norms

Question 27

_ can originate in the group or in the organization and cover things like pay, assignment o difficult jobs and allocation of new tools and equipments.

Answer 27

Allocation of resources norms

Question 28

_ is adjusting one's behavior to align with the norms of the group where members desire to be one of the group and avoid being visibly different and where members with differing opinions feel extensive pressure to align with others.

Answer 28

Conformity

Question 29

_ is important group to which individuals belong or hope to belong and with whom norms individuals are likely to conform.

Answer 29

Reference groups

Question 30

_ is described as a voluntary behavior that violates significant organizational norms and in doing so, threatens the well-being of the organization or its members.

Answer 30

Deviant workplace behavior

Question 31

_ is a socially defined position or rank given to groups or group members by others.

Answer 31

Status

Question 32

_ has some interesting effects on the power of norms and pressures to conform.

Answer 32

Status

Question 33

In status, _ tend to be more assertive.

Answer 33

high-status

Question 34

When inequity is perceived, it creates _, which results in various types of corrective behavior.

Answer 34

disequilibrium

Question 35

People expect rewards which should be _ to costs incurred.

Answer 35

Proportionate

Question 36

In terms of size, _ are faster at completing tasks than larger groups, and that in smaller groups.

Answer 36

Smaller groups

Question 37

In terms of size, _ are better when engaged in problem solving.

Answer 37

Large groups

Question 38

In terms of size, _ are better at doing something productive.

Answer 38

Smaller groups

Question 39

Increases in group size are _ related to individual performance.

Answer 39

inversely

Question 40

The addition of new members to the group has diminishing returns on _.

Answer 40

Productivity

Question 41

Groups of approximately _ members, tend to be more effective for taking action.

Answer 41

seven

Question 42

_ is the tendency for individuals to expend less efforts when working collectively than when orking individually.

Answer 42

Social Loafing

Question 43

_ directly challenges that the productivity of the group as a while should at least equal the sum of the productivity of each individual in that group.

Answer 43

Size

Question 44

_ is the degree to which members of the group are attracted to each other and motivated to stay in the group.

Answer 44

Cohesiveness

Question 45

Managers can encourage group cohesiveness by trying one or more of the following:

Answer 45

1. Make the group smaller. 2. Encourage agreement with group goals. 3. Increase the time members spend together. 4. Increase the status of the group and the perceived difficulty of attaining membership in the group. 5. Stimulate competition with other groups. 6. Give rewards to the group rather than to the individual members. 7. Physically isolate the group.

Question 46

_ states that when a group is diverse, there is an increased probability that it will possess the needed characteristics to complete its tasks eddectively.

Answer 46

Composition

Question 47

_ shows that diversity promotes conflict, which stimulates creativity, which leads to improved decision making.

Answer 47

Composition

Question 48

The belief-characterized by juries-that _ has long been accepted as a basic component of legal systems.

Answer 48

two heads are better than one

Question 49

Strengths of group decision making:

Answer 49

1. Groups generate more concrete information and knowledge. 2. By aggregating the resources by several individuals, groups bring more input into the decision process. 3. Groups can bring heterogeneity to the decision process. 4. Groups offer increased diversity of views. 5. Groups open up the opportunity for more approaches and alternatives to be considered. 6. Groups lead to acceptance of solutions.

Question 50

Weaknesses of group decision making:

Answer 50

1. Groups typically take more time to reach a solution. 2. There are conformity pressures in groups. 3. Group discussions can be dominated by one or few members. 4. Group decision suffer from ambiguous responsibility. 5. In a group decision, the responsibility of any single member is watered down

Question 51

In terms of accuracy, _ are generally more accurate.

Answer 51

Group decisions

Question 52

In terms of speed, _ are superior.

Answer 52

Individuals

Question 53

In terms of creativity, _ tend to be more effective.

Answer 53

groups

Question 54

In terms of degree of acceptance, the final solution achieves, the nod goes to the _.

Answer 54

group

Question 55

In terms of efficiency, _ almost always stack up as a poor second to the other.

Answer 55

group

Question 56

_ is generally less efficient than the other.

Answer 56

Groups

Question 57

In deciding to use groups, _should be given to assessing whether increases in effectiveness are more than enough to offset the losses in efficiency

Answer 57

consideration

Question 58

_: 1. More efficient 2. Speedy 3. No meetings 4. No discussions 5. Clear accountability 6. Consistent values

Answer 58

Individual

Question 59

_: 1. More effective 2. More information knowledge 3. Diversity of views 4. Higher- quality decisions 5. Increased acceptability

Answer 59

Groups

Question 60

_ is phenomenon in which the norm of consensus overrides the realistic appraisal of alternative courses of action

Answer 60

Group think

Question 61

The following are the symptoms of _: - Group members rationalize any resistance to their assumptions. - Members pressure any doubters to support the alternative favored by the majority. - Doubters keep silent about misgivings and minimize their importance. - Group interprets members’ silence as a “yes” vote for the majority

Answer 61

Groupthink

Question 62

Factors that affect groupthink and groupshift are: 1. _ 2. _ 3. _ 4. _ 5. _ 6. _

Answer 62

1. Variables influencing grouptihnk 2. Group's cohesiveness 3. Leader's behavior 4. Insulation from outsiders 5. Time pressures 6. Failure to follow methodical decision-making procedures

Question 63

_ is a change in decision risk between the group' decision and the individual decision that members within the group would make; can be either conservatism or greater risk.

Answer 63

Group shift

Question 64

_ states that the decision of the group reflects the dominant decision-making norm that develops during the group's discussion.

Answer 64

Group shif

Question 65

In reducing dysfunctional group decision making: _ states that typical groups in which members interact with each other face-to-face.

Answer 65

Interacting Groups

Question 66

In reducing dysfunctional group decision making: _ is an idea generation process that specifically encourages any and all alternatives, while withholding any criticism of those alternatives.

Answer 66

Brainstorming

Question 67

In selecting the best decision-making techniques: _ is a group decision-making method in which individual members meet face-to-face put their judgements in a systematic but independent fashion.

Answer 67

Nominal group technique

Question 68

In selecting the best decision-making techniques: _ is a meeting in which members interact on computers, all for anonymity of comments an aggregation of votes

Answer 68

Electronic meetings