Prosocial Behavior

Question 1

_ refers to actions intended to improve the situation of the help-recipient.

Answer 1

Helping

Question 2

_ is not considered as prosocial behavior if the act is motivated by profession obligations, or if help-givers or help-recipients are organizations.

Answer 2

Helping

Question 3

_ refers to helping that is not motivated by professional obligations and that is not based on an organization (except charities)

Answer 3

Prosocial behavior

Question 4

_ refers to prosocial behavior has the ultimate goal of benefiting another person

Answer 4

Altruism

Question 5

_ is wanting something in reurn for helping.

Answer 5

Egoistic Helping

Question 6

_ helping to reduce your own distress.

Answer 6

Negative state relief theory

Question 7

According to _, empathy motivates people to reduce other’s distress.

Answer 7

Empathy-altruism hypothesis

Question 8

According to _, individuals may behave altruistically for reputation reasons because selective benefits (associated with status) accrue to the generous

Answer 8

Competitive

Question 9

_:
Person observes emergency,
Empathy is aroused;
Person provides help simply because victim needs help and because it feels good to provide help.

Answer 9

Empathy-Altruism Hypothesis

Question 10

_:
Person observers emergency;
Negative affect is aroused by the emergency situation, or person is experiencing negative affect based on something else;
Person provides help in order to reduce own negative affect and make the helper feel better

Answer 10

Negative-State Relief Model

Question 11

_:
Person observers emergency;
Situation leads to desire to act and to have a positive effect on the victim;
Person provides help in order to engage in an activity that has a successful outcome, making the helper feel good

Answer 11

Empathic Joy Hypothesis

Question 12

_:
Person observes emergency;
Unconscious desire to help occurs if the person perceives the victim to be genetically similarity to himself or herself;
Person provides help in order to maximize the chances of survival of genes that are like those of the observer

Answer 12

Genetic Determinism Model

Question 13

_ is the ability to put oneself in the shoes of another person and to experience events and amotions.

Answer 13

Empathy

Question 14

_ states that human beings have an innate drive to reduce negative moods. They can be reduced by engaging in any-mood

Answer 14

Negative state relief

Question 15

_ states that helping others is a reward in itself because it brings a person happiness and joy which they commit a helping behavior.

Answer 15

Empathetic Joy

Question 16

_ is the tendency ot help genetic relative to enhance survival of mutually shared genes

Answer 16

Kin selection theory

Question 17

_ is the unconscious tendency to help for suvival of species

Answer 17

Genetic Determinism Model

Question 18

_ is extending help to an outgroup member whose achievements jeopardize their status

Answer 18

Defensive Helping

Question 19

_ is adaptive for individual s to learn social norms form other members of s society

Answer 19

Social Norm

Question 20

_ is the expectation that helping others will increase the likelihood that they will help us in the future

Answer 20

Norm of Reciprocity

Question 21

_ is the tendency of people to become less likely to assist a person in distress where number of other people are also present people less likely to help when they are in the presence of others

Answer 21

Bystander Effect

Question 22

_ is the tendency of bystanders in an emergency to rely on what the other bystander do and say, even though none of them is sure about what is happening or what to do about it.

Answer 22

Pluralistic Ignorance

Question 23

Key Steps in Deciding to Help
1. Notice that something is happening
2. interpret meaning of event
3. Taking responsibility for providing hepl
4. Know how to help
5. Provide help

Answer 23

Okay

Question 24

Helping can be increased by:

Answer 24

• Reducing distractions
• Reducing pluralistic ignorance
• Reducing diffusion of responsibility
• Reducing social inhibitions (we don’t want to draw negative attention to our self, mahiya)
• Reducing uncertainties of obstacles
• Reducing bystander effect
  Modeling helping behavior
  = Teach moral inclusion

Question 25

_ are more helpful in broader public sphere, toward strangers and in emergencies

Answer 25

Males

Question 26

_ are more helpful in family sphere, toward close relationships and in repeated contact

Answer 26

Females

Question 27

When people are in a _ mood, they are more helpful. Helping others can prolong our _ mood.

Answer 27

good

Question 28

Positive feelings increase helping, Negative emotions may or may not increase helping

Answer 28

Feelings/Emotions

Question 29

According to _, individuals are more likely to sacrifice themselves for relatives than non-relatives

Answer 29

Kin Selection Theory

Question 30

_ is helping others now ensures that they help us later. If we are not returned with help, we may not help them again. We help non-kin on this concept

Answer 30

Reciprocity

Question 31

_ is where people will help when the rewards are high relative to the cost Rewards: social approval, feeling good about yourself, increasing likelihood of being helped in the future Cost: physical effort, time, resources, emotional concerns

Answer 31

Social Exchange Theory

Question 32

Women not only receive more offers of help in certain situations but also seek more help Physical attraction is also necessary for prosocial behavior People mostly help those who are physically attractive.

Answer 32

Gender and Receiving Help Norm

Question 33

Religious people are slightly more likely to help during emergencies Religious people are more likely to provide planned help Ex. Volunteerism, charity

Answer 33

Religiosity

Question 34

Helping those you like Helping those who mimic us (similarities) Helping those who are not responsible for their problem (victims or collateral damage) Exposure to prosocial models increases prosocial behavior

Answer 34

Situational Factors that Affect Helping

Question 35

_ describe a person's actions are inherently inclined to bring morally fair and fitting consequences to that person, to the end of all noble actions being eventually rewarded and all evil actions eventually punished.

Answer 35

Belief in a Just World