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3rd year 1st sem > group dynamics midterm > Flashcards

group dynamics midterm Flashcards

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1
Q

Two or more individuals who are connected by and
within social relationships.

A

GROUP

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2
Q

defined a group to be two or
more people in “face-to-face interaction as evidenced by
the criteria of gesticulation, laughter, smiles, talk, play or
work”.

A

John James

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3
Q

A small, long-term group characterized by frequent
interaction, solidarity, and high levels of
interdependence among members that substantially
influences the attitudes, values, and social outcomes of
its members.

A

I. PRIMARY GROUP

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4
Q

A relatively small number of individuals who interact with
one another over an extended period of time, such as
work groups, clubs, and congregations.

A

SECONDARY (SOCIAL) GROUP

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5
Q

A relatively large aggregation or group of individuals who
display similarities in actions and outlook.

A

COLLECTIVES

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6
Q

is a collection of individuals who are
similar to one another in some way.

A

CATEGORIES

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7
Q

a socially shared set of qualities,
characteristics, and behavioral expectations ascribed to
a particular group or category of people.

A

Stereotype

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8
Q

Tend to create divisions between people, and those
divisions can result in a sense of we and us versus they
and them.

A

Categories

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9
Q

The individuals who constitute a group.
 The qualities of the individuals who are members of the
group.

A

COMPOSITION (Who belongs to the Group?)

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10
Q

The relationships that link members to one another
define who is in the group and who is not.

A

BOUNDARIES (Who does NOT Belong?)

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11
Q

a set of interpersonally interconnected
individuals or groups.

A

Social Network

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12
Q

Groups are the setting for an infinite variety of
interpersonal actions.

A

INTERACTION (What Do Members Do?

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13
Q

the conjointly adjusted actions of
group members that pertain to the group’s projects,
tasks, and goals.

A

Task Interaction

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14
Q

the conjointly adjusted actions of group members that
relate to or influence the nature and strength of the
emotional and interpersonal bonds within the group,
including both sustaining (social support, consideration)
and undermining actions (criticism, conflict).

A

Relationship Interaction

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15
Q

mutual dependence, as when one’s
outcomes, actions, thoughts, feelings, and experiences
are influenced, to some degree, by other people.

A

Interdependence –

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16
Q

The organization of a group, including the members,
their interrelations, and their interactions.

A

STRUCTURE (How Is the Group Organized?)

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17
Q

— the complex of roles, norms, and
inter-member relations that organizes the group.

A

Group Structure

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18
Q

– specify the general behaviors expected of
people who occupy different positions within.

A

Roles

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19
Q

a consensual and often implicit standard that
describes what behaviors should and should not be
performed in a given context.

A

Norm

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20
Q

those in which new members can join
at any time. It promotes inclusivity and diversity.

A

Open Groups

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21
Q

those in which all members begin the
group at the same time. It provides a sense of security
and confidentiality.

A

Closed Groups

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22
Q

Who distinguishes among four
basic group goals:

A

Joseph E. McGrath (1984)

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23
Q

Groups concoct the strategies they
will use to accomplish their goals

A

Generating:

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24
Q

What is type 1

A

planning
tasks

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25
What is Type 2
creativity tasks
26
what is type 3
intellective tasks
27
Groups make decisions about issues that have correct solutions
choosing
28
What is type 4
decision-making tasks
29
Groups resolve differences of opinion among members regarding their goals or decisions
negotiating
30
type 5
cognitive conflict tasks
31
type 6
mixed-motive tasks
32
type 7
contests/battles/competitive tasks)
33
type 8
performances/psychomotor tasks
34
Groups dealing with conceptual tasks
(Types 2–5)
35
Groups dealing with behavioral tasks
(Types 1, 6, 7, 8)
36
Conflict tasks
(Types 4–7)
37
Cooperative tasks
(Types 1–3, and 8)
38
which are deliberately formed by its members or an external authority for some purpose.
Planned Groups
39
which come into existence spontaneously when individuals join together in the same physical location or gradually over time as individuals find themselves repeatedly interacting with the same subset of individuals.
Emergent Groups
40
Who combine both the planned- emergent dimension and the internal-external dimension to generate the following fourfold taxonomy of groups:
Social psychologists Holly Arrow, Joseph E. McGrath, and Jennifer L. Berdahl
41
are planned by individuals or authorities outside of the group.
concocted groups
42
are planned by one or more individuals who remain within the group.
Founded groups
43
are emergent, unplanned groups that arise when external, situational forces set the stage for people to join together, often temporarily, in a unified group.
Circumstantial groups
44
emerge when interacting individuals gradually align their activities in a cooperative system of interdependence.
Self-organizing groups
45
is the integrity, solidarity, social integration, unity, and groupiness of a group
Group Cohesion
46
of a group resulting from the development of strong and mutual interpersonal bonds among members and group-level forces that unify the group, such as shared commitment to group goals and esprit de corps.
unity
47
describe the extent to which a group seems to be a single, unified entity—a real group.
ENTITATIVITY (Does the Group Look Like a Group?)
48
The apparent cohesiveness or unity of an assemblage of individuals; the quality of being a single entity rather than a set of independent, unrelated individuals
10. ENTITATIVITY
49
FIVE LAWS OF GESTALT
1. Law of Similarity 2. Law of Proximity 3. Law of Common Fate 4. Law of Prägnanz (good form) 5. Law of Permeability
50
the influential interpersonal processes that occur in and between groups over time.
Group dynamics
51
formation of the group.
FORMATIVE PROCESSES
52
influencing each other and getting along with one another.
INFLUENCE PROCESSES
53
group get things done.
PERFORMANCE PROCESSES
54
all groups are embedded in a social and environmental context.
CONTEXTUAL PROCESSES
55
conflict is omnipresent in and between groups.
CONFLICT PROCESSES
56
he identified five process stages in his theory of group development.
Bruce Tuckman
57
Shared assumptions about the phenomena they study; and a set of research procedures.
paradigm
58
low social integration, lacks altruism, self-centered
egoistic
59
high social integration, for the common good
altruistic
60
low moral regulation, lack of purpose, sudden
anomic
61
high moral regulation, oppressive surrounding
Fatalistic
62
widely shared beliefs and the cornerstone of society according to Durkheim.
Collective Representations
63
explaining social phenomena in terms of the group as a whole instead of basing the explanation on the individual-level processes within the group; ascribing psychological qualities, such as will, intentionality, and mind, to a group rather than to the individuals within the group
Group Fallacy
64
a hypothetical unifying mental force linking group members together; the fusion of individual consciousness or mind into a transcendent consciousness.
Group Mind (or Collective Consciousness)
65
the view that recognizes that a complete explanation of group processes and phenomena requires multiple levels of analysis, including individual (micro), group (meso), and organizational or societal (macro) level.
Multilevel Perspective
66
factors include the qualities, characteristics, and actions of the individual members.
Micro-level
67
factors are group-level qualities of the groups themselves, such as their cohesiveness, their size, their composition, and their structure.
Meso-level
68
factors are the qualities and processes of the larger collectives that enfold the groups, such as communities, organizations, or societies.
Macro-level
69
a measurement method that involves watching and recording the activities of individuals and groups.
Observation
70
openly watching and recording information with no attempt to conceal one’s research purposes.
Overt Observation
71
watching and recording information on the activities of individuals and groups without their knowledge.
Covert Observation
72
the researcher is watching and recording group activities as a member of the group or participant in the social process.
Participant Observation
73
involves specification of the exact actions, attributes, or other variables that are to be recorded and precisely how they are to be recorded.
Systematic Observation
74
– a measure’s consistency across time, components, and raters. For example, if a rater, when she hears the statement, “This group is a boring waste of time,” always classifies it as a Category 12 behavior, then the rating is reliable.
Reliability
75
consistency across raters. For example, if different raters, working independently, all code the statement similarly, the rating has
Interrater reliability
76
two different administrations of the same test.
Test-retest Reliability
77
different forms of the same test.
Alternate-forms Reliability
78
an estimate of the reliability of a test can be obtained without developing an alternate form of the test and without having to administer the test twice to the same people.
Internal Consistency Reliability
79
the extent to which the technique measures what it is supposed to measure.
Validity
80
establishes a cause-and- effect relationship between the IV and the DV.
Internal Validity
81
the extent to which results can be generalized to other contexts beyond the specific context in which the study was conducted.
External Validity
82
generalize a study’s findings to real-world situations.
Ecological Validity
83
can discriminate a classification over another classification. the ability to separate good credit quality from bad credit quality.
Discriminative Powers
84
– assessment methods, such as questionnaires, tests, or interviews, that ask respondents to describe their feelings, attitudes, or beliefs.
Self-Report Measures
85
a pioneer in the field of group dynamics, used self-report methods to study the social organization of groups of young women living in adjacent cottages at an institution.
Jacob Moreno
86
– a method for measuring the relationships among members of a group and summarizing those relationships graphically (developed by Jacob Moreno).
Sociometry
87
a research technique that draws on multiple sources of information to examine, in-depth, the activities and dynamics of a group or groups.
Case Study
88
naturally occurring groups, such as audiences, boards of directors, clubs, or teams, compared to ad hoc groups created for research purposes.
Bona Fide Groups
89
a group or collective that individuals use as a standard or frame of reference when selecting and appraising their abilities, attitudes, or beliefs; includes groups that individuals identify with and admire and categories of non-interacting individuals.
Reference Group
90
– the tendency for people to have better memories for actions and events that they are personally connected to in some way.
Self-Reference Effect
91
– the tendency for group members to have better memories for actions and events that are related, in some way, to their group.
Group-Reference Effect
92
it releases prosocial behaviors and the hypothalamus releases this.
Neuropeptide Oxytocin
93
approach assumes groups are complex, adaptive, dynamic systems of interacting individuals.
systems theory
94
widely used method for testing the normality of a dataset and if the participants are exactly 50 and below.
Shapiro-Wilk Test
95
a standardized statistic that measures the strength and direction of a relationship between two variables.
Correlation Coefficient
96
leader let the members themselves make their own decisions.
The democratic
97
leader made all the decisions for the group.
The autocratic
98
leader gave the group members very little guidance.
The laissez-faire
99
a mental condition that causes physical symptoms without a clear medical cause.
Conversion Disorder
100
who examined the effectiveness of differing styles of leadership in one of the first experimental studies of groups.
Psychologists Kurt Lewin, Ronald Lippitt, and Ralph White

3rd year 1st sem (4 decks)

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