Group Influence in Sport

Question 1

What is the self-efficacy theory?

Answer 1

• an important component of self-efficacy judgments is that they are not concerned with the actual skill an individual has, but with the confidence the individual has in what he/she can do with what skills he/she does possess

Question 2

Self-Efficacy Determinants

Answer 2

• performance experiences
• vicarious experiences
• imaginal experiences
• verbal persuasion
• physiological states
• emotional states

Question 3

self-efficacy

Answer 3

• the strength of an individuals belief that he or she has the resources or capabilities to achieve a given outcome

Question 4

collective efficacy

Answer 4

• a sense of collective competence shared among individuals when allocating, coordinating and integrating their resources in a successful concerted response to specific situational demands

Question 5

What does efficacy influence?

Answer 5

Selection of behaviour:
- eg. team adopts a man-to-man instead of zone
Intensity of Behaviour:
- eg. team works harder on defense
Persistence in behaviour
- eg. team renews effort against a perceived weak opponent

Question 6

MAgnitude

Answer 6

• perceived level group can achieve by working together

- eg. goals against target?

Question 7

Strength

Answer 7

• level of confidence in groups ability

- eg. were 75% sure we can have a goals against 3.50

Question 8

Study: Work Output in Sport: Cohesion Effects

Answer 8

Purpose: examine the relationship between cohesion and work-output
Hypothesis: perceptions of cohesion would be positively associated with the work-output of athletes training for competition
Measure:
- individual attractions to group task scale (ATG-T) which is used as the operational definition of cohesion because it assesses the individual group members perceptions about personal involvement with the group task and productivity.
Work output procedure:
- 20 sec. sample of expired air was collected during a field-worktask protocol
- a regression equation from the correlation between laboratory continuous air and laboratory/field work-task matched air was used to predict actual field VO2
- actual field VO2 was then expressed asa a % of VO2 max
Conclusions: a task cohesiveness work-output relationship was found
Implications:
- improving the dynamics of the team could enhance the work output of the individual

Question 9

Study: Johnson et al.

Answer 9

Purpose:
- examined novice bowlers in an 8 week program
Weeks 1-2: established a performance baseline
Weeks 3-8:
Individual goal setting:
- given personal baseline then set daily personal goals
Group goal setting:
- given group baseline and then daily group goals
Conclusion: as individual bowling performance gets better, group goal setting grows a lot, individual does not grow too much, but still does.