Group Shit

Question 1

Group

Answer 1

2 or more people who interact with each other, are influenced by each other and share a common purpose.

Question 2

Power

Answer 2

Is the ability a person has to get someone else to do something for them.

Question 3

Referent power

Answer 3

Power comes from the desire to relate to the (powerful) person.

Question 4

Information power

Answer 4

Having knowledge that others desire.

Question 5

Democratic

Answer 5

The leader negotiates with the group and takes their views into account when making decisions.

Question 6

Authoritarian

Answer 6

Leader makes all the decisions with NO consultation/negotiations and controls behaviour of all members of the group.

Question 7

Laissezfaire

Answer 7

“Leader” is present but it takes no part in the group dynamics or decisions making. There is no real structure or authority

Question 8

Peer group

Answer 8

A persons friends and acquaintances of similar age, interests and social standing.

Question 9

Diendividuation

Answer 9

A sense of anonymity and loss of individuality that comes from being a situation where individuals can’t be identified personally. It is a situation in which individuals are more likely to commit antisocial acts.

Question 10

Zimbardo’s experiment
IV-

DV-

PARTICIPANTS-

METHOD-

RESULTS-

CRITICISMS, ETHICAL ISSUES-

Answer 10

IV- the role the volenteer was randomly assigned (prisoner or guard)

DV- the behaviour of each volunteer under the role they were assigned.

PARTICIPANTS- 24 male students from the university

METHOD- randomly assign roles and leave them in a hypothetical prison.

RESULTS- abandoned after 5 days instead of 2 weeks formed psychological problems especially guards as they felt they were a higher order

CRITICISMS- violation of no harm principle, violation of withdrawal rights.

Question 11

MILGRIMS EXPERIMENT

AIM-

METHOD-

RESULTS-

ETHICAL ISSUES-

Answer 11

AIM- to discover whether participants would obey an authority figure and carry out actions that caused severe pain to another person.

METHOD- participants were to push a button to shock another person if they answer a question wrong.

RESULTS- 65% of participants went to end

CRITICISMS- violation of no harm principle, violation of withdrawal principle, violation of participants knowledge.

Question 12

Aschs experiment

AIM-

METHOD-

RESULTS-

CRITICISMS-

Answer 12

AIM-investigate the extent to which an individual within a group will conform to the majority opinion.

METHOD- participants were told it was for visual perception. And they were to answer the given questions in a room where other knowing people answered incorrectly.

RESULTS-74% of the participants conformed at least once. Giving the same wrong answer as the others

CRITICISMS- violation of the participants knowledge

Question 13

Meta analysis

Answer 13

Is research that examines the result of many other studies and combines all the findings. This means research will have more confident conclusions

Question 14

Normative influence

Answer 14

Try to adapt to a group and fit into a group. When members of the group change their behaviour to other members of the group to fit in.

Question 15

Culture

Answer 15

Cultural socialisation is the process of transmitting cultural values and norms to ones children.

Question 16

Informational influence

Answer 16

Not knowing how to act or what do to. Ask someone who does know.

Question 17

Group size

Answer 17

Optimum number of people in a group to conform is 1-2 anything more doesn’t conform

Question 18

Unaminity

Answer 18

When every member of the group has a strong best result

Question 19

Deindividaution

Answer 19

The loss of self awareness or self restraint when in a group situation they become less of an individual, because they have less of a responsibility in a group.

Question 20

Social loafing

Answer 20

Describes the tendency of individuals to put forth less effort when they’re part of a group.

Question 21

Helping behaviour

Answer 21

Also known as pro-social behaviour. Pro-social behaviour is that which benefits other people and society in general. Usually voluntary.

Question 22

Factors influencing helping behaviour

Answer 22

• situation
• social norms
• personal characteristics of the helper
• altruism

Question 23

Bystander intervention and effect.

Answer 23

Bystander intervention is where a person voluntarily helps someone else.

The bystander effect is where the bystander more likely to help others in an emergency when he or she is alone rather than when there are other bystanders around.

Question 24

Decision stage model of helping

Answer 24

1- noticing the need for help
2-deciding that it is an emergency 
3- deciding to take responsibility 
4- deciding on a way to help
5- taking action to help

Question 25

Reciprocity norm

Answer 25

Do unto others as they do unto you

Question 26

Social responsibility norm

Answer 26

Where members of society are expected to provide help to people who are dependant or in need, without the expectation for favours being returned.

Question 27

Empathy

Answer 27

We find it unpleasant to see another person suffering so we take action to help

Question 28

Mood

Answer 28

A persons mood has been four days to influence their propensity to behave in pro social Ways.

Question 29

Competence

Answer 29

The way people perceive their competence to deal with an emergency will influence whether they will provide help

Question 30

Kitty genovese case study

Answer 30

Woman brutally murdered screams for help in her neighbourhood and no one came even after hearing such screams

Question 31

Characteristics of nonhelping behaviour

Answer 31

Anti social behaviour

Question 32

Latane and darley studies

Answer 32

IV- if the students would go for help DV- when they were alone and with others ETHICAL ISSUES- violation of the participants knowledge

Question 33

Why does the bystander effect occur?

Answer 33

Diffusion of responsibility: this is where each bystander doesn't feel obliged to take responsibility as it is up to someone else. Audience inhibition: where people ares afraid they will be judged if they'd make an incorrect move. Social influence: depending on the crowds reaction they will follow. Proximity of the victim: the greater distance between the bystander and the victim the less responsibility the bystander will feel. Nature of helping the bystander: this is based of mood of the bystander, personality, level of moral development and etc.

Question 34

Different types of bullying

Answer 34

Bullying is a form of aggressive behaviour where one person intentionally and repeatedly causes another person injury or discomfort. Cyber bullying refers to sending hurtful or threatening messages via the internet.