Group Work Questions

Question 1

What neurotransmitter is released by the sympathetic nervous system acting on the heart and why type of receptor does it act on?

Answer 1

Noradrenaline, beta 1 receptor

Question 2

What is the intracellular signalling mechanism of noradrenaline and by what mechanism does it effect the heart?

Answer 2

GPCR (Gs), activates the enzyme adenylyl cyclase to convert ATP to cAMP which binds to PKA (4 molecules). This enhances calcium currents and calcium sensitivity in the myocytes which increase the inotropy. It also activates ‘If’ (funny current in the SAN) which works to speed up the pace maker potential this increases chronotropy.

Question 3

What would be the typical symptoms of an individual with hypertension?

Answer 3

None, they’re often asymptomatic
In extreme hypertension the symptoms can include: Severe headache, Fatigue or confusion, Vision problems, Chest pain, Difficulty breathing, Irregular heartbeat, Blood in the urine, Pounding in your chest, neck or ears.

Question 4

How would you reduce cholesterol?

Answer 4

Reduce Sat fats
More fibre
-unseat fats and oats

Question 5

How can an acute posterior MI be identified on an ECG?

Answer 5

Shows as ST depression in anterior leads

Or later on as tall R waves rather than pathological Q waves in the anterior leads

Question 6

What is PCI?

Answer 6

Percutaneous coronary intervention: involves non-surgical widening of the coronary artery, usuing a balloon catheter to dilate the artery from within. A metallic stent is usually placed in the artery after dilatation.