Growth

Question 1

Is poor pre-natal weight gain(aka intrauterine growth retardation) hormonal or environmental?

Answer 1

usually environmental or nutritional

Question 2

What is head circumference determined by?

Answer 2

brain size (NOT HORMONES)

Question 3

Which hormone plays a role in brain differentiation, but not size?

Answer 3

thyroid hormone

Question 4

Which hormones affect baby length pre birth? WHICH DO NOT?!

Answer 4

INSULIN (and Insulin Like Growth Factors)… GH and Thyroid Hormone do not affect length BEFORE birth (interesting!)

Question 5

Why do diabetic mothers have large babies?

Answer 5

The baby’s pancreas makes insulin in response to high glucose in mothers blood. INSULIN = GROWTH in an unborn baby!

Question 6

Which hormone stimulates tooth growth?

Answer 6

GH

Question 7

Is inadequate weight gain in childhood a hormonal issue?

Answer 7

RARELY, its 95% of the time malnutrition or chronic disease

Question 8

What are the three devils that lead to childhood obesity?

Answer 8

Genetics, nutrition, and learned behavior

Question 9

What does increased nutrition do to an obese child’s weight and height percentiles?

Answer 9

Weight percentile exceeds the height percentile

Question 10

What percentage of childhood obesity is caused by endocrine malfunction?

Answer 10

less then 0.1% (insulin excess, cortisol excess, hypothyroidism)

Question 11

What is the most important measure for height after birth?

Answer 11

height velocity (rate of change/yr)

Question 12

How many inches is Benjamin Scott Graham going to grow this year?

Answer 12

more then 4 inches!

Question 13

What physiological activity does GH pulse the most?

Answer 13

DURING SLEEP!

Question 14

What is the GH feedback loop? (where?)

Answer 14

GHRH (inhibited by Somatostatin)(hypothal)–>GH(pituitary)–>IGF-1(liver)

Question 15

Which hormone works with GH to produce the full effect of growth and is also needed for full fetal brain development?

Answer 15

thyroid hormone!

Question 16

What are these hormones associated with? GH, IGF-1,Thyroid, Estrogen, and Testosterone..

Answer 16

bone growth and maturation

Question 17

What hormone causes bone epiphyses to close in late puberty?

Answer 17

Estrogen

Question 18

What are the two hormones added at puberty that aid normal growth?

Answer 18

Estrogen and androgens

Question 19

What hormone stimulates the pituitary to mature and secrete LH and FSH?

Answer 19

GnRH

Question 20

What is the first sign of male puberty? Female?

Answer 20

Male=enlargement of testes, female=breast budding

Question 21

What are the two reasons for short stature?

Answer 21

genetic and constitutional delay of growth (late bloomer-family)

Question 22

How can you tell benign short stature relating bone age to chronological age?

Answer 22

its benign if bone age < chronological age

Question 23

What are all of these symptoms leading to regarding growth? Hypothyroidsm, abnormal GH secretion/action, excess cortisol, precocious puberty..

Answer 23

Endocrine Causes of short stature

Question 24

What is the most common auto immune disease causing growth issues? how can you treat this?

Answer 24

hypothyroidism…give um thyriod hormone!

Question 25

Is height or weight more affected with GH/IGF-1 deficiency? How do you treat it?

Answer 25

height more affected...treat with GH or IGF-1, but they are expensive and require a needle.. BASEBALL players don't mind :)

Question 26

Which hormone can you point the blame for: open bite, small mandible, incomplete tooth eruption/formation, overgrown gingiva?

Answer 26

A GH deficency

Question 27

What is the cause of precocious sexual development?

Answer 27

early estrogen or testosterone

Question 28

Central vs Peripheral Precocius Puberty: increased GnRH pulses?

Answer 28

Central

Question 29

Central vs. Peripheral: Low LH and FSH?

Answer 29

Peripheral

Question 30

Central vs Peripheral: Gonads enlarged producing E and T?

Answer 30

Central

Question 31

Central vs Peripheral: abnormal source of hormone?

Answer 31

Peripheral

Question 32

Central vs Peripheral: unknown cause, CHECK FOR BRAIN TUMOR in boys!

Answer 32

Central

Question 33

Does precocious puberty have an effect on tooth development?

Answer 33

Nope

Question 34

Does XYY have any effect on tooth development?

Answer 34

Yep, usually larger teeth

Question 35

Which syndrome results in taurodontism (enlarged pulp, thinning tooth surface, and increased decay?

Answer 35

Klinfelter Syndrom XXY

Question 36

What hormone(s) accelerate growth in BOTH boys and girls?

Answer 36

Estrogen AND androgen

Question 37

T/F: Androgens induce acne, axillary, and pubic hair in both boys and girls.

Answer 37

True!

Question 38

T/F: Estrogen induces breast development and skeletal maturation in BOTH boys and girls.

Answer 38

True!

Question 39

What is the main difference between central and peripheral precocious puberty?

Answer 39

Central=the GnRH Feedback loop and its anatomical structures. Peripheral:the GnRH feedback loop isn't fxning, there are hormones coming in from outside the system.