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Endocrinology > Thyroid Hormone System > Flashcards

Thyroid Hormone System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the center of a thyroid cell that synthesizes and secretes thyroid hormone?

A

the colloid

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2
Q

What is the protein that holds the iodide molecules with in the thyroid hormone?

A

thyroglobulin

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3
Q

What enzyme oxidizes iodide to iodine in the body?

A

thyroid peroxidase

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4
Q

Does T3 act like a hydrophilic or a steroid messenger?

A

It acts like a steroid messenger!

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5
Q

What is the FIRST test for thyroid issues?

A

TSH!

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6
Q

What does high TSH tell us?

A

High TSH = hypOthyroid

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7
Q

What does low TSH tell us?

A

low TSH= hyperthyroid

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8
Q

What test do you administer to find out if the thyroid disorder is autoimmune?

A

Anti-Thyroid antibodies

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9
Q

What is TSI?

A

Thyroid stimulating immunoglobin…looking for hyperthyroidism

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10
Q

Is a radioactive iodide scan showing anatomy or function?

A

Anatomy: can see hot and cold spots of iodine uptake

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11
Q

What are levels of T4 and T3 like during hyperthyroidism?

A

High levels of T4 and T3

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12
Q

What are TSH levels with hyperthyroidism?

A

Low TSH (unless it’s a VERY rare TSH producing tumor)

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13
Q

What is the ONLY situation for proptosis?

A

Graves disease

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14
Q

Which thyroid condition are goiters MOSTLY associated with? What is the exception?

A

Mostly hyperthyroid with the exception of high TSH causing a goiter in hypothyroidism

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15
Q

Which thyroid condition is associated with vasodilation?

A

hyperthyroid, excess blood flow and heat. (Vasoconstriction for hypo, poor blood flow and cold intolerance)

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16
Q

Antibodies (Thyroid Stimulating Immunoglobulin) activate the TSH receptor… high Uptake and diffuse and large scan

A

Graves Disease

17
Q

Areas of the thyroid escape TSH control. Patchty iodine uptake

A

multi nodular goiter

18
Q

An area with a mutation in the TSH receptor. High uptake in only one area

A

hot nodule

19
Q

An inflammed gland releasing stored hormone. No uptake!What is the mechanism for thyroiditis? Iodine uptake?

A

thyroiditis

20
Q

No uptake of Iodine, no mechanism. Just hyperthyroidism, maybe prescribed by a doctor?

A

Exogenous T4, T3

21
Q

What has a high diffuse uptake on the iodide scan and enlarged thyroid gland, but is very rare?

A

TSH-producing tumor

22
Q

What do eye muscles become infiltrated with in graves eye disease?

A

mucopolysaccarides, lymphocytes, and excess fat

23
Q

What disease has the result of FIBROTIC and scarred eye muscles accompanied with blurred vision?

A

Graves eye disease (you got that wrong on the quiz. idiot!)

24
Q

Does smoking have an effect on graves eye disease?

A

yes, smoking causes it to become worse

25
Q

What are the three main treatments for hyperthyroidism?

A

1.Radio-active iodine (usually become hypothyroid before Dr can adjust back 2. Anti-Thyroid drugs (inhibit synthesis of T3 from T4) (side effects present) 3. Surgery (w/ a GOOD physician)

26
Q

What can each of these individually cause? Autoimmune destruction (hasimoto thyroiditis), congenital defects in hormone synthesis, iodine deficiency, radioactive iodine/surgery, anti-thyroid drugs.

A

Primary Hypothyroidism!!

27
Q

Where is a secondary hypothyroidism caused?

A

The pituitary

28
Q

Where is a tertiary hypothyroid problem caused?

A

The hypothalamus

29
Q

What are T4/T3 levels and TSH levels with a thyroid effect? (primary)

A

low T3/T4 and high TSH

30
Q

What are the T4/T3 levels and TSH levels with a pituitary effect? (secondary)

A

low T3/T4 and low TSH

31
Q

What are the T4/T3 levels and TSH levels in a hypothalamic defect? (tertiary)

A

low T3/T4 low TSH

32
Q

Are the results of hypothyroidism reversible?

A

Yes, if caught and treated in time

33
Q

What is the hypothalamus condition, caused with no intervention as a child, results in short stature and no bone growth?

A

Cretinism

34
Q

What is the only named treatment for hypothyroidism?

A

Thyroxine! (give as T4 and the body will synthesize to T3 as needed)

35
Q

Would you expect a goiter with hypothyroidism due to pituitary insufficiency? (secondary hypothyroidism)

A

NO! The only goiter associated with hypothyroidism is due to high TSH. With a secondary hypothyroidism we would have no TSH.

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