Growth and Development

Question 1

process of physical maturation

Answer 1

growth

Question 2

growth occurs by ____

Answer 2

multiplication of cells and increase in intracellular substance

Question 3

quantitative changes of the body

Answer 3

growth

Question 4

most common growth parameters

Answer 4

ht and wt

Question 5

process of physiological maturation

Answer 5

development

Question 6

development is the progressive increase in ______ and ______

Answer 6

skills and capacity to function

Question 7

development is related to ______

Answer 7

maturation and myelination of the nervous system

Question 8

what does development include? 3

Answer 8

physiological, social, emotional changes

Question 9

it refers to the qualitative changes

Answer 9

development

Question 10

assessed using measuring tools like measuring tape etc.

Answer 10

growth

Question 11

assessed using screening tools/tests like GD Checklist or DDST

Answer 11

development

Question 12

this principle states that improvement in structure and function come first in the head region, then in the trunk, and last In the leg region

Answer 12

cephalocaudal direction

Question 13

this principle is focused on the achievement of motor skills

Answer 13

Proximodistal direction

Question 14

process of changes from the center of the body to the extremities

Answer 14

Proximodistal direction

Question 15

in proximodistal direction, development proceeds from ______ to ______

Answer 15

near to far

Question 16

what do children use to reason and solve problems

Answer 16

cognitive and language skills

Question 17

this principle suggests that children at first are able to hold the big things by using both arms, the next is by one hand until they can pick small objects

Answer 17

general to specific

Question 18

talks about gross skills

Answer 18

general to specific

Question 19

what are the genetic factors in G&D

Answer 19

genetics are great factors, sex, race and nationality

Question 20

prenatal factors:

various conditions affect the fetus in the utero

Answer 20

intrauterine environment

Question 21

prenatal factors:

Woman’s body generates barriers to protect the baby like amniotic fluid, placental barrier

Answer 21

maternal malnutrition

Question 22

prenatal factors:

German measles can bring complications on the unborn child (usually during organogenesis - formation of baby’s organs)

Answer 22

maternal infection

Question 23

prenatal factors:

caffeine, alcohol, smoking

Answer 23

maternal substance abuse

Question 24

prenatal factors:

Intrauterine growth restriction

Answer 24

maternal substance abuse//maternal malnutrition

Question 25

``` prenatal factors: gestational diabetes ( can stop after pregnancy) - can progress after delivery to diabetes type 2 ```

Answer 25

maternal illness

Question 26

if GDM is not managed after delivery, the baby can suffer from ______ 2

Answer 26

meconium aspiration, or worse, asphyxia

Question 27

gestational diabetes if not managed can make the baby ____

Answer 27

macro

Question 28

blood sugar of the baby should be managed after birth to prevent ______

Answer 28

fatal hypoglycemia

Question 29

prenatal factors: | this includes stress, tiredness, etc.

Answer 29

miscellaneous

Question 30

prenatal factors: | PCOS

Answer 30

hormones

Question 31

``` postnatal factors (12) GNCPPCSCPBIH ```

Answer 31

1. growth potential 2. nutrition 3. childhood illness 4. physical environment 5. psychological environment 6. cultural influence 7. socio-economic status 8. climate and season 9. play and exercise 10. birth order of the child 11. intelligence 12. hormonal influence

Question 32

most common method used in the assessment of growth

Answer 32

anthropometry

Question 33

anthropometry inlcudes

Answer 33

ht, wt, head circum., midarm circum., chest circum.

Question 34

refers to the total of all organ, tissue and fluids

Answer 34

weight

Question 35

Birth weight doubles at ______ and triples at ______

Answer 35

6 months; 1 year

Question 36

For breastfed babies, at least __ decrease in birth weight at 1-2 weeks after birth is normal. Why?

Answer 36

10% it is because the volume is not quantified compared to those who take formula another factor is how the mother breastfeed

Question 37

breastfeeding should be ______and not interval

Answer 37

per demand

Question 38

an estimate of the brain growth

Answer 38

head circum

Question 39

how to measure head circumference

Answer 39

wrap measuring tape on the occipital protuberance to the supraorbital ridges on the forehead; by ordinal tap

Question 40

head circumference is most useful in ____

Answer 40

2 years life

Question 41

if head circumference increase more than 1 cm in two weeks during the first 3 months, this should be suspected

Answer 41

hydrocephalus

Question 42

chest circumference is clinically important in the ___ year of life

Answer 42

5th

Question 43

HC and CC comparison

Answer 43

at birth: HC is greater than CC after a year: HC=CC later: CC is greater than HC

Question 44

how to measure chest circumference

Answer 44

wrap measuring tape around nipples between inspiration and expiration by cross-tape method

Question 45

head and chest circumference at birth

Answer 45

head is 33-35 cm | chest is 30-33 cm

Question 46

helps to assess the nutritional status of children

Answer 46

MUAC

Question 47

average MUAC at birth

Answer 47

11-12 cm

Question 48

average MUAC at one year

Answer 48

12-16 cm

Question 49

average MUAC at 1-5 years

Answer 49

16-17 cm

Question 50

average MUAC at 12 years

Answer 50

17-18 cm

Question 51

average MUAC at 15 years

Answer 51

20-21 cm

Question 52

this progress in an orderly sequence to ultimate attainment of locomotion and more complex motor tasks thereafter

Answer 52

gross motor development

Question 53

promotes adaptive actives with fine sensorimotor adjustments and include eye coordination, hand-eye coordination, hand to mouth coordination, hand skills as finger thumb apposition, grasping, dressing

Answer 53

fine motor skill development

Question 54

includes personal reaction to his own social and cultural situations with neuromotor maturity and environment stimulation

Answer 54

personal and social development

Question 55

related to interpersonal and social skills such as social smile, recognition of mother, use of toys

Answer 55

personal and social development

Question 56

refers to a stimulated smile

Answer 56

social smile

Question 57

who developed the Denver Development Screening Test

Answer 57

Franken-Burg and Dodds (1967)

Question 58

what is DDST

Answer 58

economic simple test; screens for developmental delay during infancy and preschool period

Question 59

Checks milestones achievement of child in all domains, but does not assess IQ

Answer 59

DDST

Question 60

age division in DDST

Answer 60

monthly unit 2 years of age, and half yearly from 2-6 years old