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Pediatrics > Growth and Development > Flashcards

Growth and Development Flashcards

1
Q

What is “growth”?

A

Increase in physical size
(Quantitative changes in height, weight, # of words, ect.)

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2
Q

Patterns of Physical Growth

A
  1. Cephlocaudal growth
  2. Proximodistal
    All children will develop physically according to these patterns
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3
Q

Birth weight at least doubles by_
Triples by _

A

5-6 months
1 year

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4
Q

By one year, length has increased by almost

A

50%

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5
Q

By one year, head circumference has grown by almost

A

33%; important determinant of brain growth

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6
Q

Gross Motor Development: Infant reflexes

A

Play a role in development of gross motor skills (righting reflexes)

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7
Q

Gross Motor Development: Head Control

A

Marked head lag in newborn
4 months - lift head & front portion of chest, bearing weight on forearms
4-6 months - head control well established

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8
Q

Gross Motor Development: Rolling Over

A

5 months - abdomen to back
6 months - back to abdomen

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9
Q

Gross Motor Development: Sitting

A

7 months - sit alone, leaning forward on hands for support
8 months - sit unsupported
10 months - move from prone to sitting

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10
Q

Gross Motor Development: Locomotion

A

Initially - propel backwards by pushing with arms
6-7 months - can bear weight on legs with assistance
6-8 months - crawling
9 months - creeping; stand while holding onto furniture; pull self to standing position
11 months - walk while holding furniture (cruising) or with both hands held
1 year - walk with one hand held; may attempt independent steps

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11
Q

Fine Motor Development: Grasping

A

2-3 months - grasping as reflex; progresses to be voluntary by 5 months
5 months - palmar grasp
8-9 months - crude pincer grasp; able to pick up raisin by 10 months
11 months - neat pincer grasp

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12
Q

Fine Motor Development: Manipulative Skills

A

7 months - transfer objects from one hand to other
10 months - deliberately let go of object
11 months - put objects into container
1 year - try to build tower of 2 blocks but fail; can do at 14 months

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13
Q

Fine Motor Development: Drawing

A

3 years - copies circle
4 years - copies square, adds parts to stick figure; uses scissors to cut out picture following outline

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14
Q

What is development

A

increase in capability to function

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15
Q

Developmental Milestones (HIGHLIGHTED)

A

There is a developmental rate which reflects a fixed order but different pace for each child.

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16
Q

Developmental Milestones

A
  • there are specific milestones that children are expected to reach by a certain age
  • there may be delays due to illness or other factors but they are expected to happen within a couple of months of the normal occurrence of these behaviours in the majority of children
17
Q

Infant Sensorimotor

A

Learn that objects have permanence even when not visible

18
Q

1-4 months: Object Permanence

A

when something disappears, the child does not look for it

19
Q

4-8 months: Object Permanence

A

Child begins to acquire some knowledge of the permanence of objects. When an object is removed, the child searches for it.

20
Q

8-12 months: Object Permanence

A

Child will remove an obstacle to uncover an object that has been partially hidden from view

21
Q

12-18 months

A

When an object is hidden, the child will search for it in the last place he saw it

22
Q

18-24 months

A

Child searches for lost or hidden objects he may not have seen for several days

23
Q

Toddler/Preschool (2-7 years): Preoperational thought
Centration

A

tendency to focus on just one feature of a problem, neglecting other important aspects

24
Q

Toddler/Preschool (2-7 years): Preoperational thought
Irreversibility

A

Inability to envision reversing an action

25
Q

Toddler/Preschool (2-7 years): Preoperational thought
Egocentrism

A

Limited ability to share another person’s viewpoint
- Animism: belief that all things are living

26
Q

School age (7-11 yrs): Concrete operations

A

Master concepts of reversibility and decentration (able to focus on more than one feature of a problem simultaneously)
Gradual decline in egocentrism & gradual mastery of CONVERSATION
Minimal to no abstract thinking during this time

27
Q

Adolescence (11-18) years: Formal operations

A

Adaptability and flexibility in thinking
Think in abstract terms
Use abstract symbols and draw logical conclusions

28
Q

Attributes of Temperament
(DRAAAAIMT)

A
  • Distractibility
  • Rythmicity
  • Activity
  • Approach (withdrawal)
  • Adaptability
  • Attention span and persistence
  • Intensity of reaction
  • Mood
  • Threshold of responsiveness (sensory)
29
Q

Eriksons Psychosocial Development Theory main element

A

ego identity

Pediatrics (25 decks)

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